US554A - Mode of constructing and operating churns - Google Patents

Description

STAWN S. P. W. DOUGLASS, 0F LANSINGBURGH, NEW YORK.

MODE OF CONSTRUCTING AND OPERATING CHURNS, 85o.

Speccaton of Letters Patent No. 554, dated January 9, 1838.

To all 107mm t may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN P. V. DoUG- chinery; and I do hereby declare that theA following is a full and exact description of my said churn and of the machinery by which it is to be worked.

vI provide machinery, which upon thel common principles of mechanism is calculated to produce the effects for which it is designed, and then attach to such machinery a body or mass ofrmatter of such weight and elevated to such height asin its descent and by the power of its'- gravity shalll cause the machinery to operate for a given: length of time so as toproduce the desired result. The weight which thus constitutes the propelling power will necessarily varyv according to the circumstances attending Aits application-such as the space allowed.v for 4 its elevation and desoent,'the force required and the time in which that forceis'to be heavy bodies-adapted in respect to mechanical power and form of construction to the exigency o-f the oase whether Voperated by hand by water or steam orby the applil for inthe lower shaft to keep the strap in cation of horse or other animal power. f

For afiixing my churn I construct a framef` of two three or more lupright posts from' six to ten feet high, according to the height' of the apartment in which it is placed connecting them at the top by a beam and at the base by a flooring or platform so as to give them steadiness-adding such fixtures and appendages at .discretion as will support and accommodate the machinery. A

frame answering to this description is rep-v resented in Figures'I and II of the annexed drawings. The weight to propel the ma- The apparatus for this is a common hand crank applied to a short horizontal shaft fixed in the frame at a convenient height for being turnedand in order to gain power in the 'gearing for its easy performance, a` pinion wheel three inches in diameter is fixed upon the Y crank shaft so as to mesh with and turn an eighteen-inch cog wheel upon another shaftr underneath. These `are shown in Fig. I, at c and d. One end of a strap, cord or chain is there attached to this lower shaft and the other end to a drum twelve inches in diameter' upon the upper shaft directly over it as at e, in such manner as that when the yweight is down thestrap shall have been wound up on the drumhaving become so (if the machine has been in operation) by the running down of the weight. Then by turning the crank, the strap is again wound around the lower shaft. This by its draft turns back the drum and with vit the upper shaft and draws upV the weight. After `which the pinion upon the crank shaft is thrown out ofvgear of the cog wheel with which it acts" by sliding it back toward the crank-a length of shaft being provided for that purpose with a feather on the shaft to correspond with a groove in the pinion which prevents either from revolving without the other as seen upon the crank shaft. This allowsl the strap to render easily to the 'returning process of being wound up upon 'the drum and leaves the weight suspended Y and its gravitating power uponV theshaft unobstructed by the crank or its appendages-except a moderate lfriction provided connection, remains stationary-the aperture in its center being such as to allow the shaft to turn within it in the direction of its winding up and the catch to the ratchet. being attached to the cog wheel prevents it from turning the other way. Fig. III is a front View of these and shows the manner in which the catch is attached to the wheel as at g and a small spring L, to preserve its bearing upon the ratchet. By these means the entire power of the weight in its ref action is brought upon the wheel and the machinery connected with it-causing the whole to revolve as the shaft revolves in this reversed direction. In order to obtain in the result from this power, time and motion adapted to the process of churning, and at the same time give to the machine in the relative proportions and arrangements of its gearing a convenient form as a domestic article, I provide three cog wheels including that already mentioned upon the upper shaft, each eighteen inches in diameter and each meshing with and turning a pinion Wheel three inches in diameter upon an horizontal shaft underneath in connection upon the same' shaft (except the last) with the next eighteen inch wheel in the series as shown at i, t', Fig. I. On the shaft with the last pinion is a miter or bevel wheel in gear with another of like dimensions upon a vertical shaft as at j. This is for the purpose of giving rotary motion to an upright dasher in the churn upon the platform underneath as at 7c. The vertical shaft and dasher are connected by a movable socket as at o upon one, and a tenon termination of the other to fit it, or by a coupling box or such other provisions as are common for like purposes,

The rotary dasher is provided with arms paddles or the like extending out from its shaft or otherwiseV at discretion, and the churn with stationary arms or breaks fixed to two or more vertical pieces placed against the sides of the churn in the inside as shown in a sectional view in Fig. IV, letters t, t. These as well as the arms of the dasher being for the purposeVV of agitating the cream or milk in -churning are disposed so asto divide the distance from'top to bottom aboutV equally. The stationary side pieces are secured by a perforation for each, as a socket in the bottom of the churn to which the foot of the piece is fitted and the top is fastened by a slide, pinY or catch made movable so as to allow the piece to be taken out as occa-v sion may require. v I also provide for churning with this machine by the usual up and down motion of a common dasher. This is effected by any of the known methods of changing a vrotary motion into one that is reciprocating. I have here preferred the crank operation. It is communicated to the dasher by a connecting rod in the usual way. This crank or its substitute in connection with a balance wheel to equalize its motion is attached to the horizontal shaft of the bevel wheel and consists of a pin eccentrically placed in the side of the balance wheel extending out so as to receive the upper end of thefconnecting rod. The lower end of the rod is attached to the staff of the dasher by a pin or'other iiexible joint. The eccentric pin as seen at l, I have xed in one of the arms of the balance wheel and by means of a slot or groove it is made movable in the direction of the radius of the wheel and by a screw is xed at a greater or less distance from the center so as to adapt its sweep to the extent of motion required for the-dasher. A weight as a counter balance to that of the connecting rod and dasher is attachedto the opposite arm of the wheel with like provision, for moving it to or from the center so as to correspond with the position of the pin Vin that respect. The staff of the dasher 1s kept in its vertical position and its up and down motion preserved in that direction by means of two or more sheaves connected with the top of the churn as at ma, or by any other ofthe known methods of producing the same result. When this mode of churning is used the bevel wheel upon the vertical shaft is thrown or dropped out of gear. And-when the rotary dasher is used the connecting rod is taken from the crank-provision being made for both of these purposes. Or by adding suflicientweight to the operating power, for which provision'is also made as will hereinafter be described, churning is performed in both modes at once where occasion requires. Y

7 The mo-vement of the machinery and by it that of the dashers is regulated and adapted to the known process of churning or the machine stopped by means of a common friction band with an adjusting screw applied to the lower horizontal shaft or to a pulley thereupon as shown at n. It being calculated from experiments actually made that under the advantages provided for in the crank apparatus a weight can be raised six feet bya woman of ordinary strength or a sturdyboy ten years old in one and a half minutes or by a man in half a minute, which in once running down, will be suflicientto operate the machine when Ythus regulated three quarters of an hour producing about vthirteen hundred revolutions of the rotary dasher, or an equal number of strokes of the other-and so as to Vchurn effectually twenty gallons of cream.

I/Vhen, in .order to obtain a greater elevation of the weight, or from any other considera- 'tion it becomes desirable, I provide for rais- Vthe same effect. In changing the direction of the cord for this purpose I iix pulleys as circumstances require for its. easy rendering as is common in like cases.

Whenever it becomes expedient to make use of one or more additional weights, I

.provide an additional shaft for each additional Weight, and connect them by a cog roo wheel upon each, with the cog wheel upon the principal shaft if placed parallel thereto in such manner as that by showing either of the added shafts in end or sliding the wheel upon the shaft it is thereby placed in or out of gear at pleasure-provision being made for this purpose. In this connection with the principal shaft the gravity of all is brought to bear upon the machinery the same as one. The manner of eecting this is shown in Fig. VII, with a frame constructed for the support of two additional shafts and to accommodate an apparatus for raising a weight connected with each in the same manner as that above described with the principal shaft. The same thing is also effected by extending the upper shaft in length and connecting therewith the added shaft and weight appended thereto by means ofa common coupling boxin the same lengthwise extension.

Having thus fully described the kind of machinery by which I intend to operate upon my improved churn, in which the dashers are to receive a revolving motion, and also a reciprocating motion, up and down, simultaneously, in which my claim to improvement specially consists, I now proceed to describe more particularly the arrangement of the dasher and churn by which Vthese motions are obtained, referring therefor to Figs. IX and X, in drawings, A,

and B, which are two modifications of my mode of producing said motions; in the latter of which drawings the loody of the per helix coming into contact with a second f friction roller e2. The dasher arms f2, f, merely revolve, the dasher g2 being the one which rises and falls with the sliding frame (Z2, to which it is attached, and which is prevented from revolving by its uprights, which pass through mortises in the lid` of the churn 71,2. In this modification the lower end of the shaft revolves in a step at the bottom of the churn. In my second modification, Fig. X, the whole dasher rises and falls by a reciprocating rotary motion, 2, 2, isk a tube of metal affixed to the top of the churn, and through which the shaft j2, j2,

works freely.V The tube has a spiral slot k2 through it, which admits a pin Z2, or friction roller affixed to the stai or shaft j2. This shaft is made to rise and fall by a crank motion, which from the arrangement described produces the desired effect.

W'hat I claim as my invention is-;

The giving a rotary and verticalmotioni tothe dasher of the churn, substantially in themanner herein described.

STEPHEN P. W. DOUGLASS, Witnesses: CLEMENT F. FoorE,

LINToN THoRN.

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