US475433A - And donald d - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets--SheetY 1.

M. A. T. BOEHNCKE 85 D. D. MGLEAN.

BRICK KILN.

No. 475,433. Patented May 24, v1892.

@IE-Pff@ lil LELE@ (No Model.) '2 Sheets--Sheet 2.

M.'A. T. BOEHNGKE 8v D. D. MGLEAN. BRICK KILN.

No. 475,433. Patented May-24, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

MAX A. TH. BOEHNCKE, OF CENTINELA, CALIFORNIA, AND DONALD D. MCLEAN, OF UNDERWOOD, CANADA.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 475,433, dated May 24;, 1892.

Application led November 7, 1889. Renewed November 14, 1891. Serial No. 411,846. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be itknown that We, MAX A. TH. BOEHNCKE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Centinela, Los Angeles county, California, and DONALD D. MCLEAN, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Underwood, Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to certain improvements in that class of brick-kilns in which but a single compartment or chamber is usually employed and heated by means of furnaces located around the base of the same, the object being to enable a kiln of this class to be built in which the brick or other greenclay goods may be burned more economically and evenly than heretofore, and, further, to enable a kiln t0 be built which may be used any number of times Without deteriorating.

To these ends the invention consists in certain novel 'and useful details of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts to be hereinafter described, and pointed out particularly in the claim at the end of this specification.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a top plan View of a kiln constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken just above the ground-level. Fig. 3 is a section on the line a: Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a plan of the preferred form of damper. Fig. 5is a longitudinal section of the same. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are sections onlines'w 10,1/ y, and z z, respectively.

Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate the same parts.

The kiln A may be of any desired shape in horizontal section-such as round, oval, or square-the latter being for the sake of convenience shown in the accompanying drawings.

At the sides of nl@ kun A are formed the re chambers or furnaces B, four or more in number, located, preferably, outside of the abutments a, which constitute the side walls of the kiln adjacent the furnaces and from which the roof-arch a springs. These abutments are preferably formed similar to a section of an Egyptian arch or with the courses horizontally straight, as shown. The outside of the roof-arch may be filled with any desired Iiller such as is ordinarily employed for the purpose, and the floor is preferably formed by solid brick courses P, separated by a course of sand P, approximately six inches in thickness. Chimneys C, having dampers C therein, are formed in the side walls, and each communicates at the lower end with a conduit c, leading beneath the oor to a central portion or approximately the middle line of the kiln, where they open into the same at the floor-level, constituting central downdraft-tlues. The mouths of the ues are recessed for thereception of wooden covers c', which are kept in position while the kiln is being filled in order t-o prevent the entrance of dirt, dac., but are removed and stored while the burning process is being carried on.

l In the roof are formed updraft chimneys or fines E, normally closed by bell-shaped dampers e, but adapted to be opened at certain times, as Will be hereinafter mentioned, and in the side walls are formed openings F G, through which the kiln is filled or emptied, the upper opening G serving as a means to enable the arch portion to be filled or emptied after the goods have been piled above the lower opening.

Two flues for discharging the heated products from the furnace into the kiln are provided, one I being formed by a thin partition t', extending up to nearly the top of the abutment so as to discharge in the upper part of the kiln. The other iiue K leads under the former and discharges immediately in front of the same at substantially the floor-level, said fines both being provided with dampers I K ,respectively, for directing the products through either iiue at Will. These dampers, Figs. 4 t0 8, are preferably formed of a slab or slabs M of fire-brick or other refractory material, having a groove m extending entirely around the edge, in which is located a yoke N of wrought-iron or similar material, the ends of which are secured in a cast-iron plate N', having a tongue fn, fitting in the groove in one edge of the slab, and provided with a handle N2, by means of which the dampers may be operated. The ends of the IOO yoke are preferably screw threaded and passed through lugs or ears on the plate, and nuts n are provided for tightening the yoke around the slab. The plate N is preferably perforated as a saving in cost of material, and,further, to give additional radiating-surface,whereby the heat will not affect the same injuriously.

A damper constructed in accordance with the above, it will be seen, may be exposed without injury to the hottest temperatures, as the only portion which could be aiectedz'. e., the metal yoke-is entirely protected by the refractory material, but at the Sametime serves to bind the same together and make a strong and substantial structure.

In setting the brick or other green-clay goods to be burned it will be found most convenient to commence at one end of the kiln, using the opposite door for driving in with a one-horse cart or other vehicle, all the openings and Iiues being left open during the process except the central downdraftflue openings, which are covered as long as the carts or wheelbarrows are to pass over the same, but are opened as soon as the clay goods are set over the same. Small arches should be set from iiues N to one-fourth the widthof the kiln in opposite direction from each other and one small arch should be set longitudinally of the kiln directly over the mouths of the central downdraft-llies. At point-s beneath the updraft-chimneys in the roof of the kiln, chambers or passages are formed extending way to the bottom of the kiln, (which passages may be conveniently built by inserting two-by-two-inch wooden sticks and building around the same,) and serve the double purpose of smoke-fines andu peepholes, through which the condition of the bricks, way to the bottom, may be inspected. After the kiln has been filled through the lower door F a space below the arch will be left empty, which has to be filled through the upper opening or door G, after which all the doors are sealed by means of afonr-inch seal,

and when this isdried a second seal is applied,

with a space between the two of about three inches, a wooden door being finally added in the recess and well tightened with clay mortar. After the sealin g operation, or, if desired, after the first seal is in place, all the dampers are to be closed, except the dampers K' and C', and a small smoke lire started in the furnaces. In this way the bottom bricks are thoroughly water-smoked without driving any Water-smoke through the green goods in the center and upper part of the kiln, and when the lower portion is water-smoked suiciently dampers U are to be closed and the updraftchimneys E opened, the draftthen being from y the bottom to the top of the mass, thus watersmoking the center and upper part thoroughly.

After sufficient water-smoking this way damper K is closed and damper I opened and water-smoking continued for a very short time, leading the hot products from ,the upper flue to the updraftchimneys, thereby more completely water-smoking the whole than has heretofore been possible. The updraft-chimneys E are now closed, dampers C opened, and the fire started full-blast, the heat diffusing itself from the upper air-flue through the kiln andthen passing down into the central draft-fluo, as indicated in full arrows, Fig. 3. The proper extent to which this firing operation is to be carried can be judged by an inspection through the openings, and when completed the chimneys E and dampers K- are opened and dampers I and C closed, the heated products then passing from the bottom to the top of the kiln, as indicated in dotted arrows, Fig. '3. This arrangement, it will be seen, enables the heat to be led to every portion of the kiln without difficulty, thoroughly burning all the brick, and at the same `time enables the whole mass to be inspected through the channels before mentioned. As a tinishing step the heated products may be passed from the lower air-ues to the central `downc'lraft-Iiues for a short time and then from the upper air-lines to the updraft-ues in the top of the kiln.

To prevent the entrance of cold air when the furnacedoors are opened for firing purposes, the ripper hot-air conductor I is sepa.- rated from the kiln by a thin wall-say four inches in thickness-so that the heat radiating in the tlue will thoroughly heat the air entering through the saine at such times. The air entering through the lower conductor during the firing-up process when the damper K is closed is also heated by passing through the passages la in the sidesof the furnaces. Heated air for the purpose of combustion also passes in through said passages and into the combustion-chamber through aperture 7o.

The partition or wall i, forming the air-flue I, it will be observed, is located in the plane of the side wall and does not obstruct the interior of the kiln in the least.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new is- A kiln for burning bricks, having a cornpartment in which the brick are stacked, a series of independent furnaces, two series of independent damper-controlled tlues leading from the furnaces to the lower and upper portions of the brick compartment, respectively, a series of updrattlines in the top of the kiln, the series ot downdraft-ues opening along the central line at the bottom of the compartment, and the series of chimneys, one for each downdraft-tlue, substantially as described.

MAX A. TH. BOEl-IN CKE. DONALD D. MCLEAN.

Witnesses as to M. A. Th. B.:

C. JAcoBY, W. MoRLocK.

Witnesses as to D. D. McL.:

II. J. LANG, I. MEININGER.

IOO

IIO

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