US4223412A - Implants for bones, joints or tooth roots - Google Patents
Implants for bones, joints or tooth rootsDownload PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4223412A US4223412AUS05/860,958US86095877AUS4223412AUS 4223412 AUS4223412 AUS 4223412AUS 86095877 AUS86095877 AUS 86095877AUS 4223412 AUS4223412 AUS 4223412A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hydroxyapatite
- ceramics
- core
- implant
- bones
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/32—Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
- A61C8/0013—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy with a surface layer, coating
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/00592—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
- A61F2310/00796—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. hydroxy(l)apatite
Definitions
- the present inventionrelates to prosthetic articles and a process for production thereof. More particularly, the invention pertains to an improved implant for bones, joints or tooth roots comprising a shaped core which is made of ceramics and coated with a thermally sprayed layer of ceramics and hydroxyapatite.
- prosthetic articlesparticularly such as those used as artificial bones, joints or tooth roots, must have adequate mechanical strength, and collision resistance, as well as durability. In addition, they must be compatible with living tissues and exert no harmful effect on living bodies.
- Various materialsare used in the preparation of implants for bones, joints or tooth roots, but there has never been found any material that satisfies all of the requirements for the implants by itself.
- implantsare prepared by combining two or more materials.
- such combination implantsare disclosed in German patent application (Offenlegungsschrift) No. 2,008,010.
- implants for bone parts or tooth partsare prepared by plasma spraying an eutectic mixture of tricalcium phosphate and tetracalcium phosphate onto a formed core having sufficient mechanical strength, said core being made of metal, ceramics or plastics, and then heating the resultant layer of the eutectic mixture at a temperature of 1,000° C. under a moist atmosphere, thereby converting the eutectic mixture into hydroxyapatite having excellent compatibility with living tissues.
- the desired implants for bones, joints or tooth roots having sufficient mechanical strength, excellent compatibility with living tissues and other advantageous propertiescan be obtained by thermally spraying a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite onto a shaped core which is made of ceramics, thereby forming a coating layer of the mixture around the outer surface of the core.
- An object of the present inventionis to provide an implant for bones, joints or tooth roots comprising a shaped ceramic core coated with a thermally sprayed layer of a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite.
- Another object of the inventionis to provide a process for preparing an implant for bones, joints or tooth roots which comprises thermally spraying a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite onto a shaped ceramic core.
- FIG. 1is a partially cut-away schematic view of an embodiment of an implant for a jawbone of the blade type according to the present inveniton, wherein 1A is a front view thereof and 1B is a side view thereof, wherein 1 represents a ceramic core and 2 is a thermally sprayed layer of a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite.
- the ceramics used in the present inventioninclude conventional thermal spray materials which are usually used for the treatment of the surface of metals by a thermal spray method in order to give them a corrosion resistance, wear resistance or the like.
- metal oxidessuch as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), stannic oxide (SnO 2 ), phosphorus pentaoxide (P 2 O 5 ), calcium oxide (CaO), or diboron trioxide (B 2 O 3 ), which may be used alone or in the form of a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the particularly preferredis aluminum oxide.
- the hydroxyapatite used in the present inventionincludes synthetic hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite obtained from organisms (bio-hydroxyapatite).
- the synthetic hydroxyapatitemay be prepared by reacting Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 with an excess amount of CaO in steam at a high temperature of 900° to 1300° C. (dry synthesis) or by reacting calcium (0.5 mol/l) and an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid at a pH value of 7.1 to 7.4 and at 37° C. (wet synthesis).
- the bio-hydroxyapatitemay be prepared by using as the starting material bones or teeth of various animals (e.g. cattle, horse, dog, chicken, rabbit, etc.), i.e.
- the ceramic core of the present inventioncan be prepared by any one of the techniques conventionally used in preparing ceramic prosthetic articles.
- the ceramic core having sufficient mechanical strengthcan be obtained by slip casting or pressing ceramics to form a particular shape, preferably with a cold isostatic press, and then baking the shaped ceramics at a temperature of 1,000° to 2,000° C. for about five hours. After or during the baking step, the ceramics core may be subjected to mechanical processing (e.g. grit blasting, griding, scoring, cutting and the like) if and when the shape of the ceramic core is a complicated one or roughness of the surface of the ceramic core is required.
- the shape of the ceramic coreis not limited to a specific one, but may be in various forms, such as pin, screw, blade, anchor, plate, mesh, or the like. A particular shape of the ceramic core should be determined so that it fits to the receiving tissue of a host.
- the layer of a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatitecan be formed on the core by a thermal spray method (i.e. by blowing and laminating thereon the molten mixture or nearly molten by a technique of combustion or with electric energy), preferably by a plasma spray method (i.e. by applying the mixture in the form of a plasma jet of a supersonic electromagnetic fluid having a high temperature obtained by arcing).
- a thermal spray methodi.e. by blowing and laminating thereon the molten mixture or nearly molten by a technique of combustion or with electric energy
- a plasma spray methodi.e. by applying the mixture in the form of a plasma jet of a supersonic electromagnetic fluid having a high temperature obtained by arcing.
- the product thus coated with the layer of the mixturemay be used as the implant as it is, or may be used after baked at a temperature of 900° C. to 1300° C. in air or in a vacuum.
- the mixing ratio of ceramics and hydroxyapatiteis not particularly limited, but they are usually mixed in a ratio of 10 to 90% by weight of hydroxyapatite and the remainder of ceramics, preferably 30 to 70% by weight of hydroxyapatite and the remainder of ceramics.
- the layer of the mixtureis usually applied in a thickness of not more than 1000 ⁇ , preferably 100 to 300 ⁇ .
- the sprayed layerhas a sufficient mechanical strength as well as an excellent affinity to living tissue and is firmly fixed to the ceramic core.
- the implant of the present inventionhas the following advantages:
- the implant of the present inventionis firmly connected with the receiving tissue of a host without the use of any bonding agent such as bone cements, since the tissue of a host grows into micropores of the thermally sprayed layer and around the uneven surface of the implant, and hydroxyapatite of the layer is absorbed into the tissue and is simultaneously replaced by the newly grown bone tissue, by which the implant is further strictly fixed to the tissue of a host.
- the implant of the present inventioncan be applied to various parts in living bodies as an artificial bone, joint or tooth root, for instance, within teeth, bones or mucous membranes or under periostea.
- a ceramic coreis prepared by the following procedure.
- aluminum oxideproduced by SUMITOMO CHEMICAL COMPANY,LTD., in Japan, purity: more than 99.99%, particle diameter: less than 10 ⁇
- the formed coreis baked at a temperature of 1700° C. for 5 hours.
- a plasma spray apparatus(provided with a 6MR-630 electric power supplier, made by Metco Inc.), a argonhydrogen-plasma jet flame (arc electric current: 500 amp.) is generated, and a mixture of 70% by weight of hydroxyapatite (white powder produced by the dry synthesis method, specific gravity: 3.2, particle size: not more than 100 ⁇ ) and 30% by weight of aluminum oxide (Metco powder No. 105, made by Metco Inc.) is thermally sprayed so as to form a layer having a average thickness of about 200 ⁇ on the outer surface of the ceramic core.
- the implantwas embedded into a tibia of a pig, and observation by a X-ray fluoroscopy was effected for 3 months. As the result, there was observed the growth of fibrous tissue around the implant. Besides, according to microscopic observation, there was observed no abnormal symptoms.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
The present invention relates to prosthetic articles and a process for production thereof. More particularly, the invention pertains to an improved implant for bones, joints or tooth roots comprising a shaped core which is made of ceramics and coated with a thermally sprayed layer of ceramics and hydroxyapatite.
It is known that prosthetic articles, particularly such as those used as artificial bones, joints or tooth roots, must have adequate mechanical strength, and collision resistance, as well as durability. In addition, they must be compatible with living tissues and exert no harmful effect on living bodies. Various materials are used in the preparation of implants for bones, joints or tooth roots, but there has never been found any material that satisfies all of the requirements for the implants by itself.
Accordingly, many of the implants are prepared by combining two or more materials. For example, such combination implants are disclosed in German patent application (Offenlegungsschrift) No. 2,008,010. According to this German patent application, implants for bone parts or tooth parts are prepared by plasma spraying an eutectic mixture of tricalcium phosphate and tetracalcium phosphate onto a formed core having sufficient mechanical strength, said core being made of metal, ceramics or plastics, and then heating the resultant layer of the eutectic mixture at a temperature of 1,000° C. under a moist atmosphere, thereby converting the eutectic mixture into hydroxyapatite having excellent compatibility with living tissues.
As the result of a study seeking a more advantageous method for preparing implants, it has now been found that the desired implants for bones, joints or tooth roots having sufficient mechanical strength, excellent compatibility with living tissues and other advantageous properties can be obtained by thermally spraying a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite onto a shaped core which is made of ceramics, thereby forming a coating layer of the mixture around the outer surface of the core.
An object of the present invention is to provide an implant for bones, joints or tooth roots comprising a shaped ceramic core coated with a thermally sprayed layer of a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite.
Another object of the invention is to provide a process for preparing an implant for bones, joints or tooth roots which comprises thermally spraying a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite onto a shaped ceramic core.
Further objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description.
The present invention will be hereinafter explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is merely illustrative of an embodiment of the invention but the present invention is not limited thereto.
FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away schematic view of an embodiment of an implant for a jawbone of the blade type according to the present inveniton, wherein 1A is a front view thereof and 1B is a side view thereof, wherein 1 represents a ceramic core and 2 is a thermally sprayed layer of a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite.
The ceramics used in the present invention include conventional thermal spray materials which are usually used for the treatment of the surface of metals by a thermal spray method in order to give them a corrosion resistance, wear resistance or the like. Representative thereof are metal oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al2 O3), titanium oxide (TiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), stannic oxide (SnO2), phosphorus pentaoxide (P2 O5), calcium oxide (CaO), or diboron trioxide (B2 O3), which may be used alone or in the form of a mixture of two or more thereof. Among these ceramics, the particularly preferred is aluminum oxide.
The hydroxyapatite used in the present invention includes synthetic hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite obtained from organisms (bio-hydroxyapatite). For instance, the synthetic hydroxyapatite may be prepared by reacting Ca3 (PO4)2 with an excess amount of CaO in steam at a high temperature of 900° to 1300° C. (dry synthesis) or by reacting calcium (0.5 mol/l) and an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid at a pH value of 7.1 to 7.4 and at 37° C. (wet synthesis). The bio-hydroxyapatite may be prepared by using as the starting material bones or teeth of various animals (e.g. cattle, horse, dog, chicken, rabbit, etc.), i.e. by heating the hard tissue of the bones or teeth at around 800° C. in air, dipping the resultant in a boiling liquid of ethylene diamine, whereby the organic materials contained therein are dissolved and removed off, and then burning the organic materials with oxygen, which is converted into a plasma at a low temperature, by using a low temperature ashing device.
The ceramic core of the present invention can be prepared by any one of the techniques conventionally used in preparing ceramic prosthetic articles. For example, the ceramic core having sufficient mechanical strength can be obtained by slip casting or pressing ceramics to form a particular shape, preferably with a cold isostatic press, and then baking the shaped ceramics at a temperature of 1,000° to 2,000° C. for about five hours. After or during the baking step, the ceramics core may be subjected to mechanical processing (e.g. grit blasting, griding, scoring, cutting and the like) if and when the shape of the ceramic core is a complicated one or roughness of the surface of the ceramic core is required. The shape of the ceramic core is not limited to a specific one, but may be in various forms, such as pin, screw, blade, anchor, plate, mesh, or the like. A particular shape of the ceramic core should be determined so that it fits to the receiving tissue of a host.
The layer of a mixture of ceramics and hydroxyapatite can be formed on the core by a thermal spray method (i.e. by blowing and laminating thereon the molten mixture or nearly molten by a technique of combustion or with electric energy), preferably by a plasma spray method (i.e. by applying the mixture in the form of a plasma jet of a supersonic electromagnetic fluid having a high temperature obtained by arcing). The product thus coated with the layer of the mixture may be used as the implant as it is, or may be used after baked at a temperature of 900° C. to 1300° C. in air or in a vacuum. The mixing ratio of ceramics and hydroxyapatite is not particularly limited, but they are usually mixed in a ratio of 10 to 90% by weight of hydroxyapatite and the remainder of ceramics, preferably 30 to 70% by weight of hydroxyapatite and the remainder of ceramics. The layer of the mixture is usually applied in a thickness of not more than 1000μ, preferably 100 to 300μ. The sprayed layer has a sufficient mechanical strength as well as an excellent affinity to living tissue and is firmly fixed to the ceramic core.
In addition to excellent affinity to living tissue and sufficient mechanical strength, the implant of the present invention has the following advantages:
The implant of the present invention is firmly connected with the receiving tissue of a host without the use of any bonding agent such as bone cements, since the tissue of a host grows into micropores of the thermally sprayed layer and around the uneven surface of the implant, and hydroxyapatite of the layer is absorbed into the tissue and is simultaneously replaced by the newly grown bone tissue, by which the implant is further strictly fixed to the tissue of a host.
The implant of the present invention can be applied to various parts in living bodies as an artificial bone, joint or tooth root, for instance, within teeth, bones or mucous membranes or under periostea.
The following example is given to illustrate the present invention more precisely, but it should not be interpreted to restrict the present invention thereto.
A ceramic core is prepared by the following procedure.
At first, aluminum oxide (produced by SUMITOMO CHEMICAL COMPANY,LTD., in Japan, purity: more than 99.99%, particle diameter: less than 10μ) is formed into a core by pressing at a pressure of 1000 kg/cm2 with a cold isostatic press and subjecting the product to mechanical roughening to make the surface of the formed core uneven. Thereafter, the formed core is baked at a temperature of 1700° C. for 5 hours.
Using a plasma spray apparatus (provided with a 6MR-630 electric power supplier, made by Metco Inc.), a argonhydrogen-plasma jet flame (arc electric current: 500 amp.) is generated, and a mixture of 70% by weight of hydroxyapatite (white powder produced by the dry synthesis method, specific gravity: 3.2, particle size: not more than 100μ) and 30% by weight of aluminum oxide (Metco powder No. 105, made by Metco Inc.) is thermally sprayed so as to form a layer having a average thickness of about 200μ on the outer surface of the ceramic core.
The implant was embedded into a tibia of a pig, and observation by a X-ray fluoroscopy was effected for 3 months. As the result, there was observed the growth of fibrous tissue around the implant. Besides, according to microscopic observation, there was observed no abnormal symptoms.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. An implant comprising a shaped ceramic core having a uniform coating of a porous layer formed by plasma spraying onto the core a mixture consisting essentially of a ceramic material and hydroxyapatite, wherein said hydroxyapatite is present in an amount of 10 to 90% by weight.
2. The implant according to claim 1, wherein the shaped ceramic core is made of aluminum oxide.
3. The implant as disclosed in claim 1 wherein said porous layer is applied to a thickness of not more than 1,000 microns.
4. The implant as disclosed in claim 3 wherein said porous layer is 100 to 300 microns thick.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51-151725 | 1976-12-16 | ||
| JP51151725AJPS5946911B2 (en) | 1976-12-16 | 1976-12-16 | implant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4223412Atrue US4223412A (en) | 1980-09-23 |
Family
ID=15524911
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/860,958Expired - LifetimeUS4223412A (en) | 1976-12-16 | 1977-12-15 | Implants for bones, joints or tooth roots |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4223412A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5946911B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2755751A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2374019A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1550575A (en) |
Cited By (56)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4366253A (en)* | 1979-08-10 | 1982-12-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Phosphate glass compositions, and glass-ceramic materials, and methods of making the same |
| US4366183A (en)* | 1980-06-17 | 1982-12-28 | Societe Europeene De Propulsion | Process for making bioactive coatings on osseous prostheses, and prostheses thus obtained |
| US4497629A (en)* | 1982-01-07 | 1985-02-05 | Nippon Kogaku K.K. | Dental implant and method of making same |
| US4615678A (en)* | 1984-03-06 | 1986-10-07 | Moermann Werner H | Blank from which a dental implant can be machined, and a method of making the blank |
| US4668191A (en)* | 1984-06-06 | 1987-05-26 | Feldmuehle Aktiengesellschaft | Jaw implant for receiving a replacement-tooth holder |
| US4673355A (en)* | 1982-10-25 | 1987-06-16 | Farris Edward T | Solid calcium phosphate materials |
| GB2184357A (en)* | 1985-11-01 | 1987-06-24 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | Insert for dental treatment of in bone implantation |
| US4687675A (en)* | 1985-05-20 | 1987-08-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Company | Method for the production of endosseous implants |
| US4722870A (en)* | 1985-01-22 | 1988-02-02 | Interpore International | Metal-ceramic composite material useful for implant devices |
| US4878914A (en)* | 1984-07-23 | 1989-11-07 | Kyocera Corporation | Ceramic prosthesis for living body & method of making the same |
| US5037438A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1991-08-06 | Richards Medical Company | Zirconium oxide coated prosthesis for wear and corrosion resistance |
| US5102336A (en)* | 1988-09-30 | 1992-04-07 | Linkow Leonard I | Neckless blade implant |
| US5110293A (en)* | 1988-09-30 | 1992-05-05 | Linkow Leonard I | Neckless blade implant |
| US5139522A (en)* | 1988-11-02 | 1992-08-18 | Jose Adrey | Femoral hip prosthesis |
| US5152794A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1992-10-06 | Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. | Zirconium oxide and nitride coated prothesis for reduced microfretting |
| US5158726A (en)* | 1987-01-20 | 1992-10-27 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Process for production of ceramic shaped product having granule layer on the surface and ceramic implant material |
| US5180394A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1993-01-19 | Davidson James A | Zirconium oxide and nitride coated prosthesis for wear and corrosion resistance |
| US5258022A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1993-11-02 | Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. | Zirconium oxide and nitride coated cardiovascular implants |
| US5282850A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1994-02-01 | Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. | Artificial heart components with wear resistant coatings of reduced thrombogenicity |
| US5370694A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1994-12-06 | Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. | Zirconium oxide and nitride coated endoprostheses for tissue protection |
| US5496359A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1996-03-05 | Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. | Zirconium oxide and zirconium nitride coated biocompatible leads |
| US5543019A (en)* | 1993-04-23 | 1996-08-06 | Etex Corporation | Method of coating medical devices and device coated thereby |
| US5588443A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1996-12-31 | Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. | Zirconium oxide and zirconium nitride coated guide wires |
| US5628790A (en)* | 1989-07-25 | 1997-05-13 | Smith & Nephew, Inc. | Zirconium oxide zirconium nitride coated valvular annuloplasty rings |
| US5639402A (en)* | 1994-08-08 | 1997-06-17 | Barlow; Joel W. | Method for fabricating artificial bone implant green parts |
| US5702448A (en)* | 1990-09-17 | 1997-12-30 | Buechel; Frederick F. | Prosthesis with biologically inert wear resistant surface |
| US5730598A (en)* | 1997-03-07 | 1998-03-24 | Sulzer Calcitek Inc. | Prosthetic implants coated with hydroxylapatite and process for treating prosthetic implants plasma-sprayed with hydroxylapatite |
| US6113636A (en)* | 1997-11-20 | 2000-09-05 | St. Jude Medical, Inc. | Medical article with adhered antimicrobial metal |
| US20010004711A1 (en)* | 1994-11-30 | 2001-06-21 | Richard J. Lazzara | Infection-blocking dental implant |
| US6414155B1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2002-07-02 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same |
| US6492521B2 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2002-12-10 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same |
| US6545156B1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2003-04-08 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Oligomeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds and methods of making same |
| US6727300B2 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2004-04-27 | Cytec Technology Corp. | Polymeric articles containing hindered amine light stabilizers based on multi-functional carbonyl compounds |
| US20040148031A1 (en)* | 1994-11-30 | 2004-07-29 | Beaty Keith D. | Implant surface preparation |
| US20040161725A1 (en)* | 2003-02-13 | 2004-08-19 | Clement Milton A. | Dental implantation system, support, and related methods |
| US20040249472A1 (en)* | 2003-06-04 | 2004-12-09 | Jiankai Liu | Coated implants and methods of coating |
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| US20080057472A1 (en)* | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-06 | Clement Milton A | Dental fixture implantation system and associated method |
| US20080171304A1 (en)* | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-17 | Mcginnis William J | Dental implant kit and method of using same |
| US20080172106A1 (en)* | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-17 | Mcginnis William J | Osteogenic stimulus device, kit and method of using thereof |
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| US20100075904A1 (en)* | 2008-09-24 | 2010-03-25 | University Of Connecticut | Carbon nanotube composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering |
| US7771774B2 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2010-08-10 | Biomet 3l, LLC | Deposition of discrete nanoparticles on an implant surface |
| US20100310623A1 (en)* | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | Laurencin Cato T | Synergetic functionalized spiral-in-tubular bone scaffolds |
| US20110300188A1 (en)* | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-08 | Shimp Lawrence A | Glassy calcium phosphate particulates, coatings and related bone graft materials |
| US8309162B2 (en) | 2008-01-28 | 2012-11-13 | Biomet 3I, Llc | Implant surface with increased hydrophilicity |
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| FR3013599A1 (en)* | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-29 | Ceram I | UNIVERSAL COMPENSATOR OF BONE MATERIAL FOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY |
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| DE2840064C2 (en)* | 1978-09-14 | 1989-09-21 | Hans Dr.med. Dr.med.dent. 8000 München Scheicher | Process for the production of bone contact layers |
| JPS5550349A (en)* | 1978-10-09 | 1980-04-12 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Dental compound material |
| US4237559A (en)* | 1979-05-11 | 1980-12-09 | General Electric Company | Bone implant embodying a composite high and low density fired ceramic construction |
| CH640129A5 (en)* | 1980-10-20 | 1983-12-30 | Cbs Biotechnic Sa | ENDO-BONE IMPLANT IN BIOCERAMICS FOR DENTAL MEDICINE. |
| US4430760A (en)* | 1981-12-18 | 1984-02-14 | Collagen Corporation | Nonstress-bearing implantable bone prosthesis |
| CA1247960A (en) | 1983-03-24 | 1989-01-03 | Hideki Aoki | Transcutaneously implantable element |
| DE3316801A1 (en)* | 1983-05-07 | 1984-11-08 | Friedrichsfeld Gmbh, Steinzeug- Und Kunststoffwerke, 6800 Mannheim | SEMI-IMPLANT |
| DE3413811A1 (en)* | 1984-04-12 | 1985-10-31 | Ernst-Jürgen Dr. 5100 Aachen Richter | ARTIFICIAL DENTAL REPLACEMENT |
| JPS60256462A (en)* | 1984-05-31 | 1985-12-18 | 今西 久是律 | Production of artificial bone material such as implant material |
| US4863475A (en)* | 1984-08-31 | 1989-09-05 | Zimmer, Inc. | Implant and method for production thereof |
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| DD243855B1 (en)* | 1985-12-05 | 1991-09-19 | Chemnitz Tech Hochschule | ACTIVE IMPLANT |
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| US5178845A (en)* | 1988-04-20 | 1993-01-12 | Norian Corporation | Intimate mixture of calcium and phosphate sources as precursor to hydroxyapatite |
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| DE19901271A1 (en)* | 1999-01-15 | 2000-07-20 | Harald Erle | Implant for reconstruction of (especially cranial) bone defects comprises aluminum oxide and/or zirconium oxide ceramic coated with tricalcium phosphate or hydroxylapatite for good biocompatibility |
| DE19945529A1 (en)* | 1999-09-23 | 2001-04-05 | Anton Bohmann | Implant for reconstructing bone defects, useful in e.g. cranial, especially facial, area, consists of highly pure alumina and/or zirconium oxide bioceramic with coating having bone affinity, e.g. tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite |
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| US4668191A (en)* | 1984-06-06 | 1987-05-26 | Feldmuehle Aktiengesellschaft | Jaw implant for receiving a replacement-tooth holder |
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| US5730598A (en)* | 1997-03-07 | 1998-03-24 | Sulzer Calcitek Inc. | Prosthetic implants coated with hydroxylapatite and process for treating prosthetic implants plasma-sprayed with hydroxylapatite |
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| US20070135537A1 (en)* | 2002-05-30 | 2007-06-14 | Michael Bonora | Agricultural articles |
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| FR3013599A1 (en)* | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-29 | Ceram I | UNIVERSAL COMPENSATOR OF BONE MATERIAL FOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5946911B2 (en) | 1984-11-15 |
| FR2374019B1 (en) | 1982-02-05 |
| FR2374019A1 (en) | 1978-07-13 |
| GB1550575A (en) | 1979-08-15 |
| DE2755751A1 (en) | 1978-06-22 |
| JPS5375209A (en) | 1978-07-04 |
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