US3868616A - Grounded surface distribution apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A grounded surface distribution apparatus and system is provided including elastomer encapsulated cable terminals, joints, taps, load-break switches, current limiting fuses and surge protectors, each enclosed completely within a metal sheath combined in various arrangements to perform operational functions required in loop and radial underground distribution systems. The cable terminals include a soft dielectric filler making a void-free interfacial engagement with the surface of a hard dielectric filler of a mating component. To provide for breaking a coupling under load, an arc-quenching follower is retractable into an axial cavity in the coupling components of the system and projectable therethrough upon breaking of the circuit and disconnecting of the components to provide an improved arcquenching function. Thus, there is provided an underground system having security, operational safety and convenience.

Description

United States Patent 1 1 Yonkers [76] Inventor: Edward H. Yonkers, 905

Westerfield Dr., Wilmette, 111. 60091 [22] Filed: Apr. 12, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 133,357

Related U.S. Application Data [60] Division of Ser. No. 4,396, Jan. 20, 1970, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 660,748, Aug. 15, 1967, abandoned.

[52] us. Cl. 337/201, 174/73 [51] Int. Cl. H0111 85/02, 1-102g 3/00, l-lOlr 13/46 [58] Field of Search 337/199, 201, 202, 222, 337/224; 174/73 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,730,716 10/1929 Austin .Q 337/222 2,660,644 11/1953 Murray et al. 337/224 3,309,477 4/1967 GROUNDED SURFACE DISTRIBUTION APPARATUS Bronikowski 337/199 X 1451 Feb. 25, 1975 Primary ExaminerJ. D. Miller Assistant ExaminerFred E. Bell Attorney, Agent, or FirmMason, Kolehmainen, Rathburn & Wyss [57] ABSTRACT A grounded surface distribution apparatus and system is provided including elastomer encapsulated cable terminals, joints, taps, load-break switches, current limiting fuses and surge protectors, each enclosed completely within a metal sheath combined in various arrangements to perform operational functions required in loop and radial underground distribution systems. The cable terminals include a soft dielectric filler making a void-free interfacial engagement with the surface of a hard dielectric filler of a mating component. To provide for breaking a coupling under I load, an arc-quenching follower is retractable into an 25 Claims, 27 Drawing Figures ,Pmmm wz 3,868,616 SHEET DlUF 13 FIG, FIG. 2

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INVENTCR: EDWARD H. YONKERS ATT'YS PATENTED 3.868316 SHEET 13UF 13 INVENTOR" EDWARD H. YONKERS GROUNDED SURFACE DISTRIBUTION APPARATUS This application is a division of Ser. No. 4,396, filed Jan. 20, 1970, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 660,748, filed Aug. 15, 1967, now abandoned.

The present invention relates to a new and improved grounded-surface distribution apparatus and system for underground installation such as required in loop and radial underground distribution systems. More particularly, there is provided unique cable-terminal loadbreak switch elements which make possible hot-stick disconnecting, switching, sectionalizing and the like without moving the cable or the cable terminals and providing visible separation between grounded-surface circuit elements. p

The present strong trend toward underground distribution of electricity brings with it the need for new kinds of associatedapparatus to provide the necessary system functions including switches,-fuses, surge arrestors, cable terminals, taps and joints. The newaspect of such apparatus is that it must be able to carry on its functions underground in contact with and at times under water. This means that every part of the circuit which is maintained at system potential must be sur-' rounded by a continuous sheath of impervious, voidfree insulation within a continuous conductive grounded housing. v

Commercial apparatus attempting to fulfill these difficult requirements is still in the early stages of development. Prior known apparatus has not been entirely successful. In fact, the trend toward such underground distribution systems is so new that standard nomenclature has not been established by the electrical industry. The term submersible is sometimes applied to these devices for Want of a more appropriate term. Groundedsurface distribution apparatus is a more appropriate and more truly descriptive term for this class of equipment since a conductive grounded-outside surface is a function requirement for operational and safety reasons.

The essential and main ingredient in underground distribution of electricity is obviously cable which must carry distribution current and voltage underground with trouble-free long life performance. Recent developments in synthetic dielectric materials have made possible the production of solid polymer insulated cable with high performance and low cost. However, the advantages of the new cable cannot be realized fully without effective, safe and convenient means for connecting the cable to various devices required in underground distribution systems. By employing voltage A further object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved distribution system suitable for underground and submersible installation.

A further object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved cable terminal for a groundedsurface distribution system.

A further object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved coupler for a distribution cable.

A further object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved load-break coupling suitable for grounded-surface distribution system application.

Yet a further object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved arrangement of taps and connecting units for an underground distribution grading and interfacial sealing techniques, it has been possible to provide grounded-surface submersible devices to perform functions of cable joining and terminating, load-break switching, sectionalizing, and fusing.

The term grounded-surface may be taken literally in that apparatus in this category does in fact have a grounded external surface preferably of metalvthick enough to provide mechanical support and to carry fault current if it occurs. Conductive plastic coatings will perform part of the function of grounding the surface but they may not provide safety under fault conditions.

Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved grounded-surface distribution system.

system.

A further object of the present invention is a new and improved surge arrestor for a grounded-surface distribution system.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved fuse structure for a grounded-surface distribution system. The difficult design problem in grounded-surface distribution apparatus is to put the entire high potential circuit inside the grounded housings and still provide means for carrying out switching and sealing-off functions. In accordance with thepresent invention there is provided a system which employs a combination of soft and hard dielectrics cast into place around the high voltage elements with compression springs at appropriate locations to maintain all critical interfaces void-free and under pressure over all ambient variations expected in operation.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention each circuit is maintained separately in its own grounded sheath with'interfitting components available to set up various functions such as load-break disconnect. In this case the two cable terminals are supported by a rigid clamp mounted on a ground rod. The load-break features are present in both cable terminals independent or latched over the elements of the open switch, if desired. Thus, the switch whether open with separate caps or closed with the U coupling, is completely safe and without hazard to operating personnel working in close proximity to it. p

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the more complicated arrangements carry the same features of system, security, operating convenienceand safety. For example, a three terminal tap switch arrangement according to the present invention is very effective in loop systems where sectionalizing is needed.

In accordance with the present invention a groundedsurface current-limiting fuse provides system security when used in the tap circuits.

An improved surge arrestor provides convenient means for surge protection of the open position in loop circuits. Such a surge arrestor is also equipped for installation or removal with a hot stick.

The basic element of the present grounded-surface distribution apparatus is the cable terminal. 'It performs several important functions; (I) connection to the cable conductor, (2) grading of the field and provision of a permanent seal over thecable insulation, (3) provision of a disconnect and load-break element, (4) provision of a standard conical sealing surface to mate with various elements such as couplers, fuses, insulating and grounding covers, and to provide intertitting of various elements having high versatility in meeting circuit requirements by means of a rigid cylindrical housing of stainless steel-with locating means in precise bracket structures. All of the interfitting elements employ the same standardized conical sealing surface and latch spring geometry. The grounded cover of the cable terminal is latched into place providing the standardized conical seal which is waterproof due to the void-free interface held-under permanent pressure by the latch springs. a

.In accordance with one aspect of the invention wherein a U? coupler is latched in place between two cable terminals, the U coupler may readily be removed with. a hotstick to provide load-break disconnectingfThe U coupler and associated load-break terminals easily meet the usual requirement encountered with single phase distribution systems. The'con- Centric neutral wires of the cable are connected directly to the cable terminal housing and serve to hold the cable in place by means of split'bolt connectors, then continue on to be connected together and to ground. This firm connection is particularly important where system fault currents are high.

The present devices are particularly well adapted for sub-surface switching points or controlcenters. In such control center arrangements the loop can be separated and part of it temporarily grounded with a grounding cover and also it may be sealed off in the open position with an insulating cover or a surge arrestor. Versatile components thus provide means for safely controlling, protecting and servicing underground single phase loop orradial systems. Maximum safety is afforded to operating personnel by virtueof the continuous grounded sheath which coversall'en'ergizecl elements with rugged stainless steel which can carry the high fault currents which sometimes occur in distribution systems.

Another safety feature which is inherent in the grounded-surface system is that open circuit positions always provide visible separation with solidly grounded elements between the separate circuit terminals. Thus, when'all circuit terminals are sealed and latched with couplers, fuses, arrestors, covers or the like as required,

the sub-surface control centers provide the maximum in circuit reliability, the minimum in customer outages, and maximum in safety and convenience for servicing. For a better understanding of the present invention, reference may be had to the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 isan isometric view of a cable terminal with a grounding cap in place according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the cable terminal of FIG. 1, and illustrating the electrical coupling components within the cable terminal;

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the cable terminal of FIG. 1, taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2, and illustrating the plug-in connector components within the cable terminal;

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the connector coupling components of FIG. 3, illustrated to a larger scale;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the coupling components of FIGS. 3 and 4;

FIG. 6 is an isometric drawing illustrating a grounded-surface load-break switch employing two standard load-break cable terminals and a standard U" coupler.

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a .U coupling unit taken along line 7-7 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of the U" coupling unit of FIG. 7, taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 7, assuming that FIG. 7 illustrates the entire structure;

FIG. 9 is a top view of a single taparrangement employing three loadbreak. cable terminals, and a tap manifold or bus in accordance with the present inven tion;

FIG. 10 is an elevational view of the structure of FIG. 9 and further illustrating U couplers in phantom;

FIG. 11 is an elevationalview of a three-point manifold or bus of the type illustrated in FIGS. 9 and l0, illustrated in broken away section;

FIG. 12 is an elevational view of a surge, protector for use with a cable terminal according to the present in-- vention and illustrated partially in broken away section;

FIG..1-3 is a top view of the surge protector of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view of a current limiting fuse for use with terminals according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is an alternate structure of a fuse connector for use with terminal taps according to the present invention and illustrating a removable fuse arrangement;

FIG. 16 is an end view of the fuse structure of FIG.

FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate an alternate control center arrangement including a connecting unit having multilevel terminals to provide desired economy of space and apparatus;

FIGS. 19 and 20 illustrate the isolating or grounding of one of the lines in the control center of FIG. 17;

FIG. 21 illustrates in crosssection a primary cable terminal for the grounded surface submersible system according to the present invention;

FIG. 22 illustrates in broken away section a cable joint according to the present invention;

FIG. 23 is an end or bottom view of thecable joint of FIG. 22 taken along line 23-23 of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a cross sectional view of the cable joint of FIG. 22, taken along line 24-24 of FIG. 22;

FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate a switching point assembly employing an improved T terminal; and

FIG."27 illustrates a sub-surface switching point assembly. I

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to the embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, there is shown the details of acable terminal 30 with agrounding cover 32 latched in sealed position. Thecable terminal 30 includes a conductinghousing 34 of suitable material such as stainless steel, and cylindrical in cross section.

Acover 35 also of conducting material such as stainless steel engages twoside pins 36 in thehousing 34 in a spiral bayonnet action to compress aninner'thrust spring 37 to be compressed in the latched position as shown so as to exert an axial thrust on a softelastomer dielectric filler 38 confined at its lower end by a piston-like cup retainer 39. i

Thesoft dielectric filler 38 is cast within thehousing 34 to interfit with ahard dielectric filler 40 which is firmly cast and locked into thehousing 34 but which projects from the end of the housing to provide a standardizedconical sealing surface 41 having aconnector entrance 42. Although thehard dielectric filler 40 is illustrated as formed of twoparts 40a and 40b, it may be made of one piece if desired.

As used herein, the soft dielectric filler may be of any void-free dielectric soft enough to conform to the adjacent surfaces in void-free interfacial engagement under the loading of the selected thrust spring. It has been found that a soft poly-urethane or other limited cross linked polymer, preferably castable, with a Shore A hardnessof to 40, worked satisfactorily. As used herein, the hard dielectric filler may be of any void-free dielectric hard enough to provide mechanical strength to position the components. Castable synthetic polymers such as epoxy resins having a Shore A of 100 or higher were found satisfactory.

Thesoft dielectric filler 38 is designed to receive apower cable 45 of the type having abasic insulation 46 and asheath 47 as customized dimensions. In addition to thesheath 47, thecable 45 may contain a plurality of strands ofgrounding wire 48. The end thrustspring 37 permits a reasonable range in diameter variation and still maintains a permanentvoid-free interfacial seal between theinsulation 46 and thesoft elastomer 38 even under submerged conditions.

The cable terminal includes aconnector 50 for terminating the end of the cable and defining a cable connector 500 at one end. The cable connector a has an elongated body of conducting material, such as copper and the like, and defines areceptacle 51. A conducting pin or plug 52 is adapted for insertion into an elongated axially alignedpin cavity 53 of the receptacle S1 to establish a low resistance connection capable of carrying rated current as well as momentary high currents. Thepin 52 is connected to the shortexposed end 45a, FIG. 2, of thecable 45, and thepin 52 is formed with an elongated axially alignedsocket 54 extending inwardly from the lower end of the connector. After thecentral conductor 45a is inserted into thesocket 54, a compression tool or the like is'used to compress the walls of the socket inwardly into tight engagement withconductor 45a and thus firmly secure and electrically connect thepin 52 to the upper end of thecable 45. Thepin 52 includes acylindrical pin portion 55 of reduced diameter adapted to be inserted into thepin cavity 53 of thereceptacle 51 to establish electrical connection therewith.

Thereceptacle 51 around thepin cavity 53 thereof ity ofmovable fingers 62, each including one of theridges 59 and a pair of segments on its outer surface and a curved segmented, cylindrical interface forming a wall portion of thepin cavity 53. The free ends of thefingers 62 are movable inwardly and outwardly with respect to the longitudinal central axis of thereceptacle 51 and form the lower end portion thereof surrounding thepin cavity 53.

In order to establish a relatively high contact pressure between thefingers 62 and thepin 52 and thereby further reduce the resistance of the connection and increase the current carrying capacity thereof, thefingers 62 are biased inwardly by acircular tension ring 63 which is slipped over the body of thereceptacle 51 and bears against the flattenedsurfaces 590 on theridges 59. Preferably, thering 63 is formed of a thin band of 'high strength material, such as beryllium-copper alloy and is dimensioned so that the inner diameter of the ring is slightly less than the distance between the flattened surfaces on theridges 59 on the diametrically opposite fingers. Accordingly, thering 63 is under tension and is force fitted over the lower end of the body and moved upwardly thereon toward the blind end of thepin cavity 53.

The amount of inwardly biasing force exerted on thefingers 62 by thering 63 is selectively adjustable by movement of thering 63 around the fingers of thereceptacle 51. For example, thefingers 62 are more easily deflected near the outer or free ends, and when a ring of given internal diameter is positioned adjacent the free end, thefingers 62 have less inward deflection of the free ends than when thering 63 is moved upward is bisected by alongitudinally extending slot 60 extend- I ing upwardly from the lower end of the connector and terminated adjacent the inner end of thepin cavity 53.

Theslots 60 bis ect thefaces 58 into pairs of segments of approximately equal area, and thereby form a pluraltoward the blind end of thepin cavity 53. The flattened surfaces of theridges 59 permit easier movement of thering 63 thereon without gouging of the ridges.

From the foregoing, it should be noted that thecable connector 50a provides a large contact surface between the connecting members thereof and additionally provides for an adjustable contact pressure over the large contact surface. It is not necessary to tighten any bolts or clamps for assembling the cable connector once the connecting members are engaged since ample holding force is achieved by the contact pressure between the connecting members. While thereceptacle 51 is illustrated as having a square cross section, it is to be understood that other configurations, such as triangular, etc., could be used as well. Thefingers 62 are constructed to have a cross section that is symmetrical on opposite sides oflongitudinally bisecting planes extending between theridges 59 and the longitudinal axis of thecable connector 50. Accordingly, the inward force applied by thering 63 to the flattened ridge surfaces is distributed fairly uniformly on both sides of the bisecting plane to the inner contact surface of thefingers 62.

The upper end of thetubular housing 34 carries aconical skirt 65, FIG. 2, so that a pair of spring latches 66 carried on thegrounding cover 32 can engage with theconical skirt 65 in any radial direction. The spring latches 66 includelatch loops 67 designed to be engaged by standard hot line tools for latching or unlatching the various devices which carry the standardized mating surfaces and latching elements. Suitable latch springs 68 maintain the spring latches 66 in tight assembled relation.

Theconnector 50 also includes aswitch connector 50b for interrupting a circuit under load. Theswitch connector 50b includes the same components as thecable connector 50a but additionally has arcextinguishingcomponents. Specifically, theswitch con nector 50b includes aswitch receptacle 51a defining a switch cavity53a formed by the fingers62. The tension ring 63'affords inward pressure to thefingers 62 in like manner as in the cable connector 500. Theswitch connector 50b will accommodate a coupling conductor or switch member to provide an excellent electrical connection. I

To provide for load-break features, the upper connector' opening carries aliner 72 of arc-extinguishing material which co-functions with afollower 73 of arc extinguishing material within theswitch cavity 53a of theswitch receptacle 51a and which is backed up by aprojection spring 74 to provide load-break'effects when an associated coupling conductor is removed from the switch receptacle. The material of theliner 72 andfollower 73 possesses desired arc-quench properties and may be of synthetic polymer material carrying a suitable amount of arc-quenching material such as molybdenum sulfide or alumina.

In operation thefollower 73 moves into the opening in theliner 72 when acoupling conductor 77 of thegrounding cover 32 is removed from the associatedswitch cavity 53a. The cooperation of the.arcquenching elements 72 and 73 extinguishes any arc that may be formed as thecoupling conductor 77 leaves the end. of the switch.connector 50 by de ionization of the plasmafSince the arc is interrupted in the narrow space between thefollower 73 and theliner 72 andsincethe follower 73 remains in the opening,

there 'is no significant amount of ionized gas between the separated circuit elements. That is, the ionized gases associated with-the receptacle side of the circuit remain inside and those associated with the connector side of the circuit are dissipated on the outside.

Theconnector 50 isin areceptacle chamber 80 in the relatively high potential field associated with the cable conductor. This region would therefore be subject to corona problems unless all the air spaces around the receptacle are eliminated. This is accomplished according to the present invention by applying a conductive layer ormember 81 to the inside wall of thechamber 80. .If desired, theconductive layer 81 may be a conductive paint or coating.

The. inside wall of thereceptacle chamber 80 includes twoperipheral grooves 82 and 83 of semicircular cross section, one 82 at the cable entrance end which serves to reduce the voltage gradient at the end of theconductive layer 81 because of the enlarged radius of curvature provided by the conductive surface of the groove, and one 83 generally centrally of thereceptacle chamber 80 which serves to lock theconnector 50 in proper position in the chamber by means ofametallic spring ring 84. Thisring 84 also serves to connect electrically theconductive layer 81 to theconnector 50.

The outer surface of the hard dielectric filler 40.is also provided with a conductive layer or member, shown in the form of aconductive coating 85 in the regions where it is normally in contact with themetal'housing 34. This is to prevent ionization of air in the small gap between the inside surface of thehousing 34 and the outside surface of thefiller 40 which may occur due to differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials. This problem of differing thermal coefficients ofexpansion also occurs between thesoft dielectric filler 38 and the metal-housings 34 andretainer 39.'I-Iowever, in these locations the action'of the latch springs 68 and thethrust spring 37 on the soft elastorner keeps all'of the critical in'terfacial surfaces in void-free contact throughout the ranges of expected ambient temperatures and operating conditions.

Thegrounding cover 32 serves to provide a positive ground to acable terminal 30 when it is desired to work in the area of a disconnected terminator. Tothis end, thecoupling conductor 77 of the grounding cover is electrically connected to a metal grounding housing or cap 88 which in turn is grounded to the spring latches 66 and theconical skirt 65 to the grounded conductinghousing 34 of the cable terminal. However-,an additional ground connection is recommended to the grounding cap housing by means of a flexible ground wire connected to the terminal 88b. Asoft dielectric filler 90 fills the grounding cap around thecoupling conductor 77 and forms avoid-free interfacial engagement with theconical sealing surface 41 of the cable terminal. As heretofore described, the latch springs 68 serve to maintain a permanent void-free interfacial seal between the critical interfacial surfaces in a manner The structure shown in FIGS. 1, and 3 is particu- 'larly adapted to'receive the co-axial cable which employs'the plurality ofwires 48 arranged in symmetrical spirals over the outside surface of the cable. These wires serve as the neutral conductor of the circuit as well as a grounded protective sheath. Since thesewires 48 are part of the power circuit, they must provide a high conductivity paththroughout the circuit. For this reason, thelower cover 35 is provided withextension members 92 which receive split.bolt connectors 93 for holding thestrands 48 of the neutral conductor so as to make connection and at the same time hold the cable firmly in place. Theneutral wires 46 can then continue on to be grounded to ground or other neutral wires as hereinafter described. Theextension member 92 also serves as means for rotating thecover 35 into the closed and latched position. v

FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 illustrate a simple typical switch connection between two cable terminals of the type heretofore described. As therein illustrated, a pair .ofcable terminals 30 identical to that heretofore described, are supported in spaced relation from a groundingrod 95 byasuitable mounting clamp 96. The mountingclamp 96 is precisely machined to match the diameter of theterminal housing 34 and includes agroove 97 accommodating arib 98, FIGS. 1 and 2, which is precisely located on all of theterminal housings 34. The mounting clamps 96 are slotted withgrooves 97 so as to fit therib 98 whereby all of theterminals 30 are rigidly held in place at the proper leve with respect to the mountingclamp 96. Thus, allterminals 30 in a single mounting clamp will be normal to the plane of the bracket, at a standard distance apart and trated in FIGS. 7 and 8, and provided with aloop 101 for engagement with a lineman s hot stick. Theswitch coupler 100 includes a central conducting assembly made up of two switch couplings or pins 104 serving as switch blades and braised or otherwise secured to acrossbar 105 formed of electrically conducting materials such as copper. The switch couplings are silverplated and carry aswitch tip 104a which is controlled in size so as to fit theswitch cavity 53a in the mating cable terminal. The horizontal portion of the central conducting member carries a cylindrical molding of conductive plastic or othersuitable material 106 to enlarge the radius of the conductive portions and reduce the potential gradient. This cylindrical molding ofconductive material 106 eliminates corona problems from airgapsin high gradient regions which could develop due to differences in thermal coefficients of expansion between plastics and metals. With this construction the field starts at the outer surface of theconductive material 106 which is surrounded in bonded, void-free relationship with ahard dielectric filler 107 of the same expansion coefficientas theconductive material 106 so as to remain sealed at all temperatures. The entire assembly is enclosed within a conductive housing here illustrated as astainless steel housing 108, formed ofmating housing portions 108a and 108b, so that the filler assembly including the contact plugs 104,crossbar 105,conductive material 106, and harddielectric filler 107 may be prefabricated and then assembled in order to establish the void-free interface under the spring forces of the standard latch system. This is accomplished by providingconical cavities 110 around theswitch coupling 104 in thedielectric filler 107 which are larger than the standardizedconical sealing surface 41. A soft dielectric molding 111 is preformed with the exact geometry of the space between theconical cavities 110 and the conical sealing surfaces 41 to provide the standardconical sealing surface 91. The softdielectric fillers 110 are formed of double cones bonded to thehard dielectric filler 107 on thecoupler 100 to provide a permanent void-free'interface between the hard and soft dielectrics in thecoupler 100. Each of the downwardly depending portions of the coupler housing are provided with a pair of latch springs 66 at the ends oflatchloops 67 and adapted to be loaded through latch springs 68 in the manner described in embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

By the proper selection and arrangement of grounded surface elements, a variety of important distribution system functions can be performed according to the present invention. FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 illustrate, for example, anassembly 120 of standard elements arranged so as to provide a single fuse tap, illustrated in phantom at 114, on an underground distribution loop circuit. Sectionalizing functions are provided by means of two switch couplers of the type illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8. The necessary interconnections are established by means of a three terminal manifold or bus and threecable terminals 30. Eachcable terminal 30 is identical with that of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. In addition, the manifold 115, as illustrated, is provided with three vertical risers orcable terminals 116 each containing similar load-break features. Thus, eachriser 116 is an exact replica in form and function as the upper end of the standard cable terminal. Each riser housing includes a locatingrib 117, FIG. 11, and latching cone 118 so that all removable components will interfit. Thus, one of therisers 116 and one of thecable terminals 30 are tied together by the mountingclamp 96 onto thegrounding clamp 95. The remaining twovertical risers 116 andcable terminals 30 are connected by a 4-place mounting clamp 122 secured to agrounding rod 123. Each of the clamping portions of the mountingclamp 122 is provided with acircumferential groove 124, FIG. 10, receiving one of the locatingribs 98 and 117 to vertically position the respective terminals.

The design details of themulti-terminal manifold 115 will be more clearly understood by reference to FIG. 11. As therein illustrated, the manifold 115 includes acentral conductor 128 which may be of copper or other suitable material.Standard switch connectors 50b, identical with theswitch connectors 50b of theconnector 50 illustrated in the embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, are braised to thecentral conductor 128. Briefly,

therefore, theswitch connectors 50b each include theswitch receptacle 51a provided with theswitch cavity 53a for receiving a mating connector rod. As heretofore described, theswitch receptacle 51a is similar to theswitch receptacle 51a illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 and include the plurality offingers 62 encircled by thetension ring 63. Theliner 72 of arc-quenching material leads into theswitch cavity 53a, and theprojectable follower 73 is biased into theliner 72 by theprojection spring 74 when connecting components are not in place. It is understood that the load-break components including thesleeve 72,follower 73, and projectingspring 74 may be omitted where it is not desired to provide for breaking of the circuit under load.

In like manner as with theswitch coupler 100 illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, aconductive material 130 is cast around the middle connecting circuit components thereby enlarging the radius of the conducting portion.

and reducing the potential gradient. Thus, there is eliminated the corona problems from air gaps in high gradient regions which could develop due to differences in thermal coefficients of expansion between the metal parts and the dielectric fillers. With this construction, the field starts at the outer surface of theconductive material 130. However, since the upper ends of theswitch receptacle 51a in the region of thefollower 73 must be movable, asoft cover 131 of plastic or other suitable material covers the free end of theswitch receptacle 51a. Ahard dielectric filler 132 is molded over the entire conducting system with the outside surfaces conforming to ahousing 133 of stainless steel or other suitable material and with the standardconical sealing surface 41 of each riser position. The entiremanifold assembly 115 may be preformed and inserted into anupper housing portion 133a with alower housing portion 133b slipped into position and withend caps 134 spot welded into place. As in previous components, the outside surface of thehard dielectric filler 132 is covered with aconductive layer 135 except on the conical sealing surfaces.

Therisers 116 may be provided in any number; however, most circuit requirements can be met with three or four terminal manifolds. It should be noted that the risers are arranged in line and spaced the standard distance apart. Also, the vertical sleeve portions of thehousing 133 are fully standardized to fit brackets and to mate with removable components. Thus, two four terminal manifolds can be combined to provide sectionalized switches and four fused taps in a single control center.

Surge production is' frequently desired at the open A end of a loop circuit or other suitable locations when it is to remain inthis condition for a long period of time. FIG. 12 illustrates in partial cross section asurge arrestor 140 which may be connected. to any of the standard terminals in a cluster or control center. Thesurge arrestor 140 includes a groundi nghousing 141 of stainless steel or other suitable material and includes a lower portion l4la which is standardized with the coni-'cal sealing surface 41 to the fit cable terminals and multiterminal'ma'nifolds of the grounded surface distribution system. According to the present invention, the functional parts of thesurge arrestor 140 include a system ofquench'gaps 142 in series-withvalve blocks 143 of suitable material such as silicon carbide-These elements are arranged in adielectric tube 144 under compression of acompression spring 145. The housing includes atop cover 146 locked to the remainder of the housing through side pins in like manner as cover in the embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. Thespace between: thedielectrictube 144 and themetal housing 141 isfilled;with a softdielectric filler 147 which is maintained in void-free interfacial contact by means of theinner thrustspring 37 acting between theend cover 146 and theretainer 39. Aconnector pin 148 extends from the lowerendof thesurge arrestor 140 for mating 'withinthe switch cavity 53a ofa collaborating member.

A cone of softdielectric material 149 is placed around the upper end of thecontact plug 148 in order to control the gradient in thisregion. It is understood that the connecting components of thelower housing 141a are identical to those heretofore described, including the spring latches 66, thelatch loops 67, and the latch springs 68 which serve the dual function of biasing the spring latches 66 and applying a positive pressure to thedielectric filler-147.

- To provide for fusing of the grounded surface distribution system, one of the interchangeable elements may consist of a current limiting fuse, such as the current limitingfuse 152, illustrated in FIG. 14. As therein illustrated, the current limitingfuse 152 is housed within an assembly similar to theswitch coupler 100 more fully described in the discussion of FIGS. 7 and 8. More specifically, there is provided thefuse unit 153 enclosed within ametal housing 154, similar tohousing 108 heretofore described, and cast inthe center of a hard dielectric filler '155. A pair of conically shaped softdielectric fillers 156 are provided having the standard conical sealing surfaces 91 for engaging theconical sealing surface 41 of cable terminals or manifolds, and thefuse 152 is provided with the standardized latches to interfit with the other components.

Referring now to thefuse unit 153, the operation thereof is known and depends upon the melting and vaporization of asilver fuse wire 157 and the subsequent deposition of the silver over the surfaces ofsand grains 158 which surround it. This takes place so rapidly under high fault conditions that the current is cut off before it reaches the full value of the available fault current. The silver metal becomes so diffused in the sand grain matrix that it no longer carries significant current. In such fuses it is necessary to maintain sufficient distance between the turns of the silver wire to prevent hot ionized gas from shorting out turns. In the illustrated design, in order to minimize the length of the fuse for a given rating, a wide flange surrounding thespiral core 159 is used to separate the turns of thesilver fuse wire 157. As previously mentioned, this space around the wire between the spiral flanges is filled with refractory granules such as alumina or silica. The granular matrix may be bonded with a minimum of refracto ry cement in order to permit the assembly of the parts within an insulatingtube 160. Thetube 160 may be of organic .or inorganic material, but preferably it is of high strength and refractory at least in its liningin order. to minimize internal pressures which may develop duringoperation. This fuse has no outlet'for gaseous discharge since its entire envelope must be capable of withstanding system I voltages within the grounded housing. The respective ends of thesilver fuse wire 157 is soldered to the center of opposedcylindrical ferrules 161 fitted over the ends of the surroundingspirals 159 and insulatingtube 160. Thus, thesilver fuse wire 157 may be of maximum length. A pair of contact rods' or plugs 162 extend concentrically through the soft dielectric filler for engagement within a plug receiving have some. salvage. value for factory rebuilding, but cannot be rebuiltin the field. FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate.

a current limitingfuse 165 which, although somewhat more expensive initially than thefuse 152, may have the active element replaced by the user in the field, and thefuse unit 165 could go back into service immediately. a I

The principle of operation of thefuse 165 is similar to that offuse 152 and includes the silver fuse wire 157- between-the flanges of the spiral core 159-filled with suitable refractory granulars orsand grains 158. This activefuse element is housed withinremovable fuse cartridge 166 which can be removed from ametal housing 167 for replacement by releasing one or both of a pair of opposed end thrust spring covers 168 and unscrewing a pair of contact rods or plugs 169 from plug blocks 170. In thefuse 165, the entire space between thehousing 167 and thefuse tube 166 is filled with softdielectric filler 171 and is maintained in voidfree contact by end thrust springs 172 interposed vbetween the spring covers 168- andrespective retainer cups 173. A bayonnet connection joins the spring covers 168 with thehousing 167 ina manner similar to that

Claims (25)

1. An accessory for high voltage electric power conductor terminations of the type having first and second conductor terminations with respective end surfaces comprising a module releasably positioned between the respective end surfaces of said first and second terminations, insulated electrically conductive means in said module, means for electrically connecting the respective conductor terminals in said termination to said conductive means whereby a current carrying circuit is completed between said terminals through said module, means for forming water-tight uniform voltage grading seals between the ends of said module and the respective terminations when said current carrying circuit is completed, and current interrupting means mounted within said module for interrupting the current carrying circuit between said terminals.

2. An accessory as defined in claim 1 including an electrical outlet terminal disposed on said module and electrically connected to said conductive means.

3. An accessory as defined in claim 1 including a plurality of electrical outlet terminals disposed on said module, each of said terminals being electrically connected to said conductive means.

4. An accessory as defined in claim 1 wherein said current interrupting means comprises a current limiting fuse.

5. An accessory as defined in claim 1 wherein said current interrupting means comprises a cartridge-type fuse that is removably mounted in said module.

6. An accessory for high voltage electric power conductor terminations of the type having first and second conductor terminations with respective end surfaces that form a water-tight, voltage grading seal therebetween when moved into operating position to detachably connect their respective conductors in electrically conducting relation comprising, a module adapted to be releasably positioned between the respective end surfaces of said first and second terminations, said module having first and second end surfaces that are generally frusto-conical and respectively substantially complement the end surfaces of said first and second terminations to form a water-tight uniforming voltage graded seal therewith, insulated electrically conductive means in said module forming a conductive circuit between the first and second end surfaces of said module, a cartridge-type fuse mounted in said module and positioned in series with said circuit for interrupting said circuit when a predetermined over-current passes therethrough, and means for electrically connecting the respective conductor terminals in said terminations to said conductive means adjacent opposite ends of said fuse whereby an electric circuit is compleTed between said terminals through said fuse.

7. A three-part fuse module for high voltage electric power conductors comprising first and second conductor termination modules and a fuse supporting module, said first and second modules having respectively generally frusto-conical end surfaces that form water-tight, voltage grading seals with opposite ends of the fuse supporting module when coupled in operating position therewith, a liner of inslulating material within said fuse supporting module formed to accommodate a cartridge-type fuse and maintain its terminals in electrical contact with the terminals of said terminations and means for electrically connecting the respective conductor terminals in said terminations to opposite ends of a cartridge-type fuse positioned in said liner whereby an electric circuit is completed between said terminals by a fuse mounted in said liner.

8. An accessory for high voltage electric power conductor terminations of the type having first and second conductor terminations with respective end surfaces that form a water-tight, voltage grading seals, comprising a module releasably positioned between the respective end surfaces of said first and second terminals, insulated electrically conductive means in said module, means for electrically connecting the respective conductor terminals in said termination to said conductive means whereby a current carrying circuit is completed between said terminals through said module, means for forming water-tight uniform voltage grading seals between the ends of said module and the respective terminations when said current carrying circuit is completed, and current interrupting means mounted within said module for interrupting the current carrying circuit between said terminals.

9. An accessory as defined in claim 8 wherein said current interrupting means comprises a current limiting fuse.

10. An accessory as defined in claim 8 wherein said current interrupting means comprises a cartridge-type fuse that is removably mounted in said module.

11. An accessory for high voltage electric power conductor terminations of the type having first and second conductor terminations with respective end surfaces that form a water-tight, voltage grading seals, a module adapted to be releasably positioned between the respective end surfaces of said first and second terminations, said module having first and second end surfaces that are generally frusto-conical and respectively substantially complement the end surfaces of said first and second terminations to form a water-tight uniforming voltage graded seal therewith, insulated electrically conductive means in said module forming a conductive circuit between the first and second end surfaces of said module, a cartridge-type fuse mounted in said module and positioned in series with said circuit for interrupting said circuit when a predetermined over-current passes therethrough, and means for electrically connecting the respective conductor terminals in said terminations to said conductive means adjacent opposite ends of said fuse whereby an electric circuit is completed between said terminals through said fuse.

12. A three-part fuse module for high voltage electric power conductors comprising first and second conductor termination modules and a fuse supporting module, said first and second modules having respectively generally frusto-conical end surfaces that form watertight, voltage grading seals with opposite ends of the fuse supporting module when coupled in operating position therewith, a liner of insulating material within said fuse supporting module formed to accommodate fuse means and maintain its terminals in electrical contact with the terminals of said terminations, means for electrically connecting the respective conductor terminals in said terminations to opposite ends of said fuse means positioned in said liner whereby an electric circuit is completed between said terminals by said fuse means mounted in said liner, and a layer of high resistance cOnductive material on the exterior surface of said liner.

13. A fuse for high voltage electric power conductors comprising a fuse supporting module, fuse means within said fuse supporting module, a liner of insulating material within said fuse supporting module accommodating said fuse means, means for electrically connecting the respective terminals of said fuse means to electric circuit terminals whereby an electric circuit is completed between said terminals by said fuse means mounted in said liner, and conductive means within said module between and immediately adjacent to both said fuse means and said liner, electrically connected between said respective terminals of said fuse means for preventing the formation of corona within the area between the fuse means and the liner.

14. A fuse device in a high voltage power distribution system for electrically interconnecting a first component of said system with a second component of said system, said fuse device comprising an elongated, current-limiting fuse module, means for supporting and insulating said fuse module, said supporting and insulating means comprising an elongated insulating housing, a first terminating portion, said first terminating portion including a generally frusto-conically shaped surface for engaging a complimentarily shaped surface of said first component, a second terminating portion, said second terminating portion including means for securely physically and electrically engaging said second component, electrically conductive means disposed on the outer surface of said insulating housing for maintaining said outer surface at a reference potential and means engageable by an elongated insulating tool for enabling said fuse device to be remotely manually moved into and out of engagement with said first component.

15. A fuse device as defined in claim 14 wherein said supporting and insulating means comprises means for removably mounting said fuse module in said fuse device and wherein said fuse module comprises a removable and replaceable current-limiting fuse module.

16. A fuse device as defined in claim 15 wherein said removably mounting means comprises means for retaining said fuse module within said insulating housing and for enabling said fuse module to be removed from one end of said insulating housing.

17. A fuse device as defined in claim 14 wherein said first terminating portion further includes a first, rigid, conductive, depending portion for engaging current-carrying coupling means of said first component.

18. In combination, a first terminal of a first component of a high voltage power distribution system, said first terminal including a first insulating housing, a first conductive grounding shield surrounding said first housing and a first current-carrying coupling means disposed in said first housing, a second terminal of a second component of said system, said second terminal including a second insulating housing, a second conductive grounding shield and a second current-carrying coupling means disposed in said second housing, said first housing and said first shield being physically distinct from said second housing and said second shield, respectively, means for securely engaging said first and second shields to maintain said first and said second terminals in a rigid, fixed, stationary, spaced-apart relation, and a fused coupler for electrically connecting said first component to said second component, said fused coupler comprising a first conductive portion for engaging said first coupling means, a second conductive portion for engaging said second coupling means, a current-limiting fuse electrically interconnecting said first and second portions and forming a generally U-shaped coupling assembly with said first and second portions, said fuse including an outer insulating tube, a solid insulating housing supporting and enclosing said fuse, solid insulating means encircling at lEast a major portion of said first portion and at least a major portion of said second portion, first conductive means disposed on the outer surface of said solid insulating housing and on the outer surface of said solid insulating means electrically insulated from said first and second conductive portions and from said fuse for maintaining said outer surfaces at a reference potential, means for releasably securely engaging said fused coupler with said first and second terminals such that said first and second conductive portions are maintained in a physical and electrical engagement with said first and second coupling means, respectively, upon the secure engagement of said coupler with said first and second terminals by said engaging means, and means engageable by an insulated elongated tool for enabling said coupler to be remotely manually moved into and out of engagement with said rigid, fixed, stationary, spaced-apart first and second terminals.

19. A combination as defined in claim 18 wherein said solid insulating housing comprises means for removably mounting said current-limiting fuse in said fused coupler and wherein said current-limiting fuse comprises a removable and replaceable current-limiting fuse module.

20. A combination as defined in claim 19 wherein said removably mounting means comprises means for retaining said fuse module within said solid insulating housing and for enabling said fuse module to be removed from one end of said solid insulating housing.

21. A combination as defined in claim 18 further comprising second conductive means for providing a substantially large electrical resistance from one end of said fuse to the other end of said fuse, said electrical resistance providing means being disposed on the outer surface of said insulating tube.

22. A fuse device for electrically interconnecting a first terminal of a first component of a high voltage power distribution system with a second component of said system, said first terminal having a centrally disposed current-carrying coupling means, said fuse device comprising a first rigid, conductive, depending portion for engaging said coupling means of said first terminal, a second conductive portion for electrically engaging said second component, a fuse module electrically interconnecting said first and second portions, said fuse module comprising a current-limiting fuse and an insulating housing surrounding said current-limiting fuse, solid insulating means having an inner surface and an outer surface enclosing said fuse module, said solid insulating means comprising means for removably mounting said fuse module in said fuse device, said removably mounting means including means for enabling said fuse module to be removed from one end of said solid insulating means and to be replaced by another fuse module, first conductive means on said outer surface of said solid insulating means for maintaining said outer surface of said solid insulating means at a reference potential, and means engageable by an insulated elongated tool for enabling said fuse device to be remotely manually moved into and out of engagement with said first terminal.

23. A fuse device as defined in claim 21 further comprising second conductive means for providing a substantially large electrical resistance from one end of said fuse module to the other end of said fuse module, said electrical resistance providing means being disposed on the outer surface of said insulating housing.

24. A fuse device for electrically connecting both a first terminating end of a first component of a high voltage power distribution system and a second terminating end of a second component of said system with a third component of said system comprising a first conductive portion for engaging a current-carrying coupling means of said first terminating end, said first conductive portion comprising a first electrical connector of one mating configuration, a second conductive portion for Engaging a current-carrying coupling means of said second terminating end, said second conductive portion comprising a second electrical connector of said one mating configuration, a fuse module electrically interconnecting said first and second portions and forming a rigid coupling assembly with said first and second portions, said fuse module comprising a current-limiting fuse and an insulating housing surrounding said current-limiting fuse, a first solid insulating means enclosing said fuse module, first conductive means on the outer surface of said first solid insulating means for maintaining said outer surface at a reference potential, and means permanently electrically connected with said coupling assembly for forming a terminal or tap for electrically connecting said first and second components with said third component, said terminal or tap forming means comprising enclosure means having a generally conically-shaped surface for engagement with a complimentarily-shaped surface of said third component, said enclosure means surrounding a fourth conductive portion for engaging a current-carrying coupling means of said third component, said fourth conductive portion comprising a third electrical connector of the opposite mating configuration than said one mating configuration.

25. A fuse device as defined in claim 24 further comprising second conductive means for providing a substantially large electrical resistance from one end of said fuse module to the other end of said fuse module, said electrical resistance providing means being disposed on the outer surface of said insulating housing.

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