US3815476A - Gas powered driving unit for surgical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

A surgical instrument for applying sterilized staples from a disposable staple-carrying cartridge to the disunited skin of a patient in order to effect a joining of the skin. The instrument consists of an anvil adapted to lie flush with the skin, a disposable cartridge housing a plurality of staples which are to be folded around the anvil, and a pusher for bending the staples around the anvil. The pusher is U-shaped with chamfers on the arms thereof to effect the bending with a minimum of force. A gas-powered unit serves to eject and form the staples in a neat and uniform manner. A novel disposable gas cartridge is also disclosed.

Description

ilnite States Tatent 1 1 1 1 3,815,476

Green et al. June 11, 1974 GAS POWERED DRIVING UNIT FOR 2,870,749 1/1959 Deitrickson 91/318 SURGICAL INSTRUMENT 2995931 8/ i961 3,067,724 l2/l962 [75] Inventors: David T. Green, Norwalk; Graham 3 3 733 5 19 5 W. Bryan, Ridgefield, both of Conn. 3,479,926 11/1969 [73] Assignee: United States Surgical Corporation,

Baltimore, Primary Exammer-lrwm C. Cohen Attorney, Agent, or FirmFleit, Gipple & Jacobson [22] Filed: Mar. 17, 1971 [21] App]. No.: 125,077 [57] ABSTRACT Relat d U,S, Application D t A surgical instrument for applying sterilized staples [62] Division of S61. NO. 852,822, Aug. 25, 1969, Pat. N0. P a clisposable sFaplefcarrying Cartridge Q i? disu- 3,643351 mted skin of a patient in order to effect a JOlIlll'lg of the skin. The instrument consists of an anvil adapted 52 us. 01 91/410, 91/469, 227/130 to lie flush With the Skin, a disposable cartridge hous- [51] Int. c1. B251; 1/04, FlSb 13/04 ing a plurality of Staples which are to be foldedr n 58 Field Of Search 91/318, 356, 398, 410, the anvil, and a pusher for bending the Staples around 9 2 7 0; 173/1 the anvil. The pusher is U-shaped with chamfers on the arms thereof to effect the bending with a minimum OUTPUT SHAFT [56] References Cited of force. A gas-powered unit serves to eject and form UNITED STATES PATENTS the staples in a neat and uniform manner. A novel dis- 2 164 970 7/1939 Van Sittert et al 91/356 posable gas cartridge is also disclosed 231171940 5/1955 Harris 9l/3l8 xI 6 Claims, 39 Drawing Figures 00 INPUT SPOOL "1 TRANSFER fORT f /22 /32 I L04 I28 1/06 DIAPHRAGM 4 VENT //0 H me EXHAUST I307 V26 amms PATENTEDJUM 1 1 1974 SHEET 1 OF 9 n :2: $22 7 it T 111111111 INVENTORS DAVE!) T. GREEN wmA GRAHM W BRYAN PATENTEIJJUM 1 1 m4 3.815;476SHEET 20? 9 INVENTORS DAVID T. GREEN GRAHAM W. BRYAN J a I %NEYS PATENTEDJHN 11 m4 1815476 SHEET u 0F 9 INVENTORS N DAVID T. GREEN GRAHAM .BRYAN Skid/83M ATTORNEYS PATENTEDJUN 1 1 1924 SHEET 7 0F 9 INVENTORS DAVID T. GREEN GRAHAM W. BRYAN J MNEYS mimemunmw 3815476 SHEET 80E 9 INVENTORS DAVID T. GREEN GRAHAM W. BRYAN PATENTEUJHN 1 I 1974 SIEEISUF 9 IN,VENTORS DAVID T. GREEN GRAHAM W. BRYAN mm .w\n\ w w mvw mum vww wvw l L mum QNWMN CMvN IIIMIIIIIIIIII J E YS BY M GAS POWERED DRIVING UNIT FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT REFERENCE TO ANOTHER APPLICATION This application is a division of Ser. No. 852,822, filed August 25, 1969, now US. Pat. No. 3,643,851.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of sterilized staples for medical applications has been steadily and rapidly increasing in popularity. However. the use has largely been restricted to applications wherein the tissue to be stapled can be positioned between the staple-ejecting unit and the anvil of the instrument. Where the tissue joint is to be made on the external skin of the patient, medical instrumentation is noticeably weak. Thus, there exists a void in modern surgical instruments making effective use of the staple in uniting external tissue.

There is another void in the field of modern surgical stapling instrumentation. Despite the wide use of sterilized staples for pefforming suture-like maneuvers, it has customarily been difficult for the surgeon, or assistant, to perform successive stapling operations in a way so that the staples are uniformly injected and shaped. The main reason for the resulting disuniformity of injection and shaping operations is that the surgeon is unable to exert a constant manipulative force on the instrument which he uses. Another reason is that after numerous stapling'operations, the hand of the surgeon tends to tire, thus adding to the disuniformity of staple injection and shaping.

It is toward the elimination of the above-noted drawbacks of presently existing surgical stapling instruments, that the present invention is directed.

SUMMARY or THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a surgical instrument for stapling together disunited segments of the external skin of a patient.

Since this instrument functions externally to the body, the anvil serving to form the staple must be and is, at all times, external to the skin being stapled. More particularly, the anvil is adapted to rest on the external skin of the patient and to bend the staples so that they tightly grip and join the severed skin.

The staple is acted upon by a U-shaped pusher element having a chamfer on each leg thereof so that the staples are acted upon by forces remote from the points about which they are bent. In this manner, less force is required to bend the staples. The central region of each staple is made to contact the anvil. The pusher element then bends the staple around the anvil, the chamfer surfaces reducing the force required for such bending, and the U-shape of the pusher allowing the pusher to partially encircle the anvil during the bending operation for forming the staple. The anvil releases the staple by means of a spring and the stapling maneuver is complete.

In the instrument of the present invention, a plurality of staples are housed in a disposable cartridge. These staples are housed in such a manner that only a small area of the instrument need contact the patient. For this reason, the stapling instrumentof the present invention may also be used for the stapling of internal fasera.

The instrument of the present invention is powered by a disposable gas cartridge. Thus, there is complete uniformity of staples from one stapling operation to the next. Also, there is no fatigue of the surgeon or his assistant since the gas-powered unit is activated by a slight movement of a lever or trigger. In operation, the gas-powered staple-ejecting unit is activated by the operator and performs its stapling operation, returning to its initial state for further activation in a minimum of time and with a maximum of efficiency. The power unit is simple in design, contains but few moving parts and is a repeating unit having an extremely long life cycle.

The cartridge contains 25 staples. Each staple lies in the threads of a pair of adjacent screws and each is propelled one step when the screws are simultaneously turned one revolution. The power unit is fired and a rod-like element initiates the operation of a gearbox and simultaneously drives the pusher forward. The gearbox ensures that a staple is put in a readiness position before the pusher reaches the contact area. The pusher unit then automatically returns to its rearward position and the instrument is put in readiness for another stapling maneuver.

The present invention thus provides a surgical stapling instrument which fills the gaps noted above with regard to the instrumentation known to the prior art. Staples may be used to unite the external skin of a patient and may be uniformly shaped without causing fatigue in the surgeon.

As noted above, the instrument of the present invention is powered by means of a sterilized disposable gas cartridge. It is customary when gas-powering units are employed, to provide the recipient device witha pin for puncturing the seal in the gas cartridge. It has been found, however, that the pin wears rapidly and thus detracts from the useful life of the gas-powered device.

The present invention contemplates that a gas cartridge be fitted with its own puncturing mechanism, thereby adding to the life of the basic instrument. In this manner, a sterilized gas cartridge with its puncturing mechanism and a sterilized and filled staple cartridge may be packaged together so that the reloading operation is greatly facilitated.

Accordingly, it is one object of the present invention to provide a surgical stapling instrument for stapling disunited portions of the external skin of a patient.

It is another object of the present invention to staple the skin of the patient in such a manner that a minimum of force if required to form the staple during the maneuver.

It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a stapling instrument having a disposable staplecarrying cartridge.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a medical instrument for stapling the skin of a patient, which instrument is powered by a gas under pressure.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a unique and disposable pressurized gaspowering assembly.

It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a gas-powered driving mechanism which is simple in design, economical in cost and is yet efficient and long lived.

These and other objects of the invention, as well as many of the attendant advantages thereof,will become more readily apparent when reference is made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a side view, partially in section, showing the skin stapler of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view, partially in section, of to mechanism .shown in FIG. I after the cartridge is mounted and ready for use;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the cartridge of thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the cartridge shown in FIG. 3',

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the rear portion of the cartridge shown in FIG. 3 with a portion of the cover removed;

FIG. 6 is a cross-section taken along lines 6-6 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-section taken along lines 77 of FIG. 6',

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the front portion of the cartridge shown in FIG. 3 with the cover partially removed;

FIG. 9 is a cross-section taken along lines 99 of FIG. 8; v

7 FIG. 10 is a cross-section taken along lines I010 of FIG. 8; Y

FIG. 1 1 is a front view of the cartridge shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a top view of the pusher element forming a part of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is aside view of the pusher element shown in FIG. 12;

FIGS.'14 through 17 are sequential views showing the formation of a staple during a stapling operation;

FIGS. 18 through 22 show the sequential formation of'a staple in the skin of a patient;

' FIG. 23 isa cross-section through the gas-powered driving mechanism of the present invention;

FIGS. 24 through 28 are drawings showing the sequential steps involved in ejecting and forming a staple with the gas-powered mechanism shown in FIG. 23;

FIG. 29 isa front view of the main body portion of the skin stapler shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 30 is a top plan view of the gearbox housing;

FIG. 31 is a cross-section through lines 31-31 of FIG. 30;

FIG. 32 is a side elevation of the gear arrangement shown in FIG. 31;

FIG. 33 is a cross-section of the gearbox through lines 33-33 of FIG. 30 in its retracted, or readiness, position;

FIG. 34 is a view similar to FIG. 33 but with the gearbox in its stapling position;

FIG. 35 is a view similar to FIGS. 33 and 34, showing the moving parts of the gearbox when returning from the position shown in FIG. 34 to the position shown in FIG. 33;

FIG. 36 is a side view of a second embodiment of the main body portion of a skin stapler constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 37 is a sectional view through lines-37-37 of FIG. 36 with thegas-cartridge assembly removed;

FIG. 38 is a sectional view through lines 38-38 of FIG. 36; and

FIG. 39 is an exploded perspective view of the gas cartridge and piercing mechanism shown in FIGS. 36 through 38.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In FIG. I, the skin stapler of the present invention is shown generally at 10 and comprises a disposable staple cartridge indicated generally at 12 and a main body portion indicated generally at I4. Themain body portion 14 has aregion 16 serving as the handle which the surgeon holds during use. Thehandle 16 further serves to house the gas-powered firing mechanism 17 including a source of CO gas. The forwardmost region of themain body portion 14 defines a cartridge-mountingassembly 18 for positioning and holding thecartridge 12. Intermediate thehandle 16 and thecartridge mounting assembly 18 is a gearbox region I9.Region 19 houses the gearbox which synchronizes the movements of the elements forming a part of the inventive skin stapler.

In FIG. 1, thecartridge 12 is in the process of being seated in the cartridge-mountingassembly 18. It can be seen that theassembly 18 has defined therein acavity 20, this cavity being of such dimensions as to allow the angular insertion of thecartridge 12. A hand operatedsemicylindrical cam 22 is rotatably mounted on theassembly 18.

When thecartridge 12 is being inserted or removed from themain body portion 14, thecam 22 is in the position shown in FIG. 1. To lock thecartridge 12 in themain body portion 14,cam 22 is rotated until it takes the position shown in FIG. 2 and securely contacts the bottom of cartridge I2 with its camming surface 23. Thecartridge 12 is held in horizontal align ment with themain body portion 14 by means of a pair of upwardly extendingflanges 24 on the cover plate of thecartridge 12.Flanges 24 engage a pair ofrecesses 26 defined in thecartridge mounting assembly 18.

As is best shown inFIGS. 6 and 11 thetwoflanges 24 extend upwardly from the rear end of the cartridge cover and are spaced apart. This spacing is provided to enable a driving member 28 (FIG. 2) to reciprocate between the twoflanges 24.

As shown in FIG. I, the drivingmember 28 has an elongatedcentral region 29. A pusher-engagingextension 30 is positioned at the extreme front end and aninclined surface 32 is positioned at the mid section of the drivingmember 28. Theinclined surface 32 is adapted to engage aslidable plunger 34 which is spring biased upwardly by aspring 35.

In FIG. 1, the drivingmember 28 is shown in its rearwardmost position to allow for the insertion or the re moval of thecartridge 12. In this position, theplunger 34 is maintained in its uppermost position by the force of the biasingspring 35. When themember 28 is driven forward during a stapling operation. theplunger 34 is acted upon by thesurface 32 and is forced downward against the biasing force ofspring 35. The functions of these elements are described in more detail below.

The configuration of thecartridge 12, and its operation, will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 through 13. Thecartridge 12 is defined by abody 36 adapted to be covered by acover plate 38. Thebody 36 has provided thereon a pair ofalignment extensions 40 which serve to engage thecover plate 38 atrespective recesses 42 provided therein. This is best shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Thebody 36, of thecartridge 12 is fitted with a pair ofcylindrical depressions 44, shown best in FIG. 7.Depressions 44 extend substantially the entire length of thebody 36 and serve to position a pair of rotatably mounted screws 46.

As best seen in FIGS. 7 and 8, the pair ofdepressions 44 are defined in thebody 36 of thecartridge 12. Thesedepressions 44 serve to defineledges 49 oflateral walls 51, which ledges-and walls function to guide a plurality ofstaples 50.

From FIGS. 6 and 7, it can be seen that theledges 49 andlateral walls 51 guide thestaples 50, over a substantial length of the cartridge, at a level beneath the external circumference of eachscrew 46. This is made possible since thescrews 46 are provided withthreads 52 for guiding and propelling thestaples 50 along theledges 49 and between thewalls 51.

Apusher plate 54 covers thestaples 50 and slides within anindentation 56 provided in thecover plate 38, thepusher plate 54 being guided by the top of thescrews 46 and the bottom of thecover plate 38. Thepusher plate 54 serves to hold each staple50 against theledges 49 except during a driving operation. Then, the forwardmost staple is propelled forward and away from the cover of thepusher element 54.

Eachscrew 46 is provided, at its rearwardmost end, with anextension 58. Eachextension 58 is unthreaded, is rotatably held in acylindrical recess 59 in thebody 36, and it fitted at its extremity with aflat extension 60. See FIGS. 5 and 6.

In FIGS. 12 and 13, the configuration of thepusher element 54 is illustrated. Thepusher element 54 is in the form of a flat plate having a pair of upwardly extendingguide projections 66 centered thereon.Projections 66 are adapted to slide inrecesses 67 on the top of thecover plate 38. The rearwardmost region of thepusher element 54 is cut out at 68 and is adapted to be engaged by the pusher-engagingextension 30 on the drivingmember 28, described with reference to FIG. 1. Theextension 30 reaches thehole 68 through aslot 69 provided in thecover plate 38. The forwardmost region of thepusher element 54 is U-shaped, defining a pair oftines 70. As best seen in FIGS. 8, 9, 12 and 13, thetines 70 are V-shaped in order to best guide thestaples 50 during the staple-discharging operation. For reasons which are explained below, eachtine 70 is provided with achamfer 72.

At the forwardmost region of thecover plate 38, and as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3, 9 and 11, projects ananvil 62. Theanvil 62 is an extension of the top of thecover plate 38 and curls into the plane of thepusher element 54. Theanvil 62 is fitted with staple-ejectingsprings 64 for forcing the staples out of the region of theanvil 62 after the completion of each stapling operation. It should be evident that thepusher element 54 moves thesprings 64 out of the staple-forming plane during the stapling operation and releases the springs when it begins to retract. Once thepusher element 54 is retracted from the anvil area, thesprings 64 urge thestaple 50, just formed,'out of the plane of the pusher.

As best shown in FIG. 3, thetines 70 of thepusher element 54 are spaced apart a distance sufiicient to comfortably accommodate theanvil 62. More particularly, with reference to FIG. 17, the distance between thetines 70 is equal to the width of theanvil 62, plus twice the diameter of a staple 50, plus a small clearance to avoid sluggish operation.

In loading the cartridgelZ, the following procedure may be used. Thescrews 46 may be fitted into their respectivecylindrical depressions 44. Then thestaples 50 may be inserted between thelateral walls 59 of thebody 36. The screws should be in the position shown in FIG. 5 with the flat extensions aligned and vertical. Thepusher element 54 is then fit over thestaples 50 and thecover plate 38 is put in position. Once, this procedure has been followed, thecartridge 12 is ready to be loaded into the instrument.

Thescrews 46 are threaded so that when they, by means of theextensions 60, are rotated through 360, each staple moves one staple unit. A staple unit" may be defined as that distance required to move the second staple from its readiness position into a position ready to be fired. Thus, in FIGS. 8 and 9, one staple unit is shown at a.

With reference now to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, the positioning of theforwardmost staple 50 will be described. This staple-is, initially, one staple unit from a position ready for firing. Thepusher element 54 is then in its rearwardmost position, which position holds all staples in thethreads 52 of thescrews 46.

As is seen in FIG. 9, eachledge 49 is terminated as its forwardmost region in aninclined surface 74.Surface 74 serves to guide the point of theforwardmost staple 59 upwardly and into the plane of thepusher element 54 during the forward thrust of the pusher. Simultaneous with the action of thesurface 74, the forwardmost portion of eachscrew 46 serves to raise the crosspiece of thefirst staple 50 into the plane of thepusher element 54. This is best shown in FIG. 10 which illustrates the forwardmost portion of thescrew 46. The direction of rotation ofscrew 46 is indicated byarrow 75. It is seen that the thread depth decreases from a maximum at 76 to a minimum at 78. The thread depth at 76 is equal to the thread depth uniform throughout the thread save for the most forward region. The depth of the thread at 78 is zero. Thus, when the cross-piece of a staple rides along the screw at 78, it is in the plane of thepusher element 54.

The staple-ejecting and guiding operation will now be explained. When thepusher element 54 is activated, it

is thrust forward by themember 28. Before, however,

thepusher element 54 reaches the contact area, theinclined surface 32 onmember 28 causes plunger 34 to be depressed, thus advancing a staple into stapling position. Once the staple is properly positioned,pusher element 54 reaches the contact area and forces the first staple (See FIGS. 8 and 9.) out of the cartridge l2 and against theanvil 62. When thepusher element 54 reaches its forwardmost position, its direction of travel is reversed (it being controlled by the drivingmember 28 shown in FIGS. l and 2). At a time during the rear ward journey of thepusher element 54, theinclined surface 32 on the drivingmember 28 releases theplunger 34, allowing the plunger and the gearing mechanism to be put in readiness for the next stapling operation. The gear mechanism causes the twoscrews 46 to turn slightly better than one revolution during the for-' more than one staple unit. The forwardmost staple moves only one staple unit and into a readiness position because of the lack of threads at the forward ends of thescrews 46. When thescrews 46 turn, thereby advancing each staple, theforwardmost staple 50 is simultaneously acted upon by theledge 74 and the diminishing thread of thescrews 46. In this manner, the first staple is raised from its position below thepusher element 54 into the plane of the pusher, while remaining parallel, at all times, to the plane of the pusher. This is done while the pusher moves forward but before it reaches the contact area. Once the first staple is ready to be expelled from the instrument, thepusher element 54 makes contact with the staple.

The disposable cartridge of the present invention may house any number of staples, but is shown to house, in this example, twenty-five. It is therefore possible that more than one cartridge is required during a single operation. It becomes important, then to keep the surgeon advised as to the number of staples remaining in his disposable cartridge. The present invention provides for the indication of the number of remaining staples. I

Reference should now be directed to FIGS. 4 through 7. Beneatheachcylindrical depression 44 in thebody 36 is a smallrectangular depression 80.Depressions 80 extend substantially the entire length ofthe'body 36 and communicate withdepressions 44. Through the bottom ofbody 36 extend twenty-fivetapered bores 82. As is best seen in FIG. 7, therecesses 44 communicate with thebores 82 by means of a plurality ofcylindrical bores 84 of a smaller diameter than the smallest diameter of the tapered bores 82.

A pair ofpads 86 and 88 of a rectangular shape are housed within the slide in therecesses 80. Eachpad 86 and 88 is provided with a cylindrical extension 90. Each extension 90 serves to ride within thethread 52 ofa-screw 46.

As shown in'FIG. 4, the tapered bores 82 are staggered throughout the length of thecartridge 12. As is also seen in FIG. 4, thepads 86 and 88 ride in theirrespective recesses 80 in alignment. Because of the alignment betweenpads 86 and 88 and the staggered arrangement ofbores 82, only a single pad at a time is visible through a bore.

In operation, thepads 86 and 88 are positioned in alignment withthe rearwardmost bore 82, as shown in FIG. 4. This bore is numbered 25 and indicates that 25staples remain in the cartridge. Initially,pad 88 is visible through this bore. After one staple has been ejected from the cartridge, eachscrew 46 has been rotated 360. Since the projections 90 on thepads 86 and 88, respectively, engage thethreads 52 of thescrews 46, the pads move one staple unit. Thebores 82 are separated by one staple unit. Consequently,pad 86 is visible throughbore 82 which is labeled 24. This staggering relationship of visible pads continues untilpad 88 is visible through thebore 82 referenced 1, this indicating'that one staple remains. When the last staple is ejected, thepads 86 and 88 are both masked by thebody 36. In this manner, the surgeon is constantly appraised of the number of staples remaining in this instrument.

With reference now to FIGS. 14 through 17, the interaction between thepusher element 54, astaple 50 and theanvil 62 is explained. In each of these four figures, thepusher element 54 is shown to be moving toward the left of the page, in the direction of the arrow.

In FIG. 14, the relative positions of thepusher element 54 and a staple 50 are shown at impact. In FIG. 14, the pusher element is shown in the contact area. It is evident, then, that the screws have already been turned to advance thestaples 50.

Thepusher element 54 moves forward from the position shown in FIG. l4 until the staple 50 contacts theanvil 62, the staple 50 being guided by the V-shaped surface of thepusher tine 70. Thepusher 54 is driven to the left and, because of thechamfers 72 in thetines 70,staple 50 is easily bent around theanvil 62. After thepusher element 54 advances slightly, the staple takes the shape shown in FIG. 16, still being guided by the V-shape of the pusher tine. The chamfer surface allows a bending force to be exerted on the staple 50 at points remote from theanvil 62. In this manner, the required initial bending force is reduced.

Once the staple is in the position shown in FIG. 16, the bending force is moved from the outermost region of the chamfer to the innermost region. However, because of the build-up of inertial forces, bending is still easily accomplished. The pusher element advances until it reaches the position shown in FIG. 17. In this position, thestaple 50 is substantially rectangular and has its points in engagement.

With reference now to FIGS. 18 through 22, the formation of the staple with respect to the skin will be explained. The external skin of the patient is shown at 92 and is split at anincision 94. The function of the skin stapler of the present invention is to securely fasten the two segments ofskin 92 and to maintain the fastened position neatly and securely to facilitate the healing process.

As seen in FIG. 18, the front end of the skin stapler is pressed against the skin of the patient covering theincision 94. If properly positioned, theanvil 62 is centered with respect to theincision 94. Themember 28 is activated-and thepusher element 54 begins its forward journey. Simultaneously, thestaples 50 are guided forward. When thepusher element 54 reaches the contact area, the forward staple is ready to be ejected. The pusher contacts the first staple, as shown in FIG. 18.Pusher element 54 then expels the staple 50 from the cartridge and drives same until it contacts theanvil 62, as shown in FIG. 19. In this Figure, it is seen that the staple pierces the skin of the patient.

. In FIG. 20, the staple is shown when beginning to crimp theskin 92. In this position, the staple is formed as described above with respect to FIG. 16.

The stapleis then completely curled around theanvil 62 so that it takes the shape illustrated in FIG. 17. The corresponding position of the staple with respect to the skin is shown in FIG. 21.

During the forward thrust of thepusher element 54, the tines move thesprings 64 out of the staple plane. After the stapling operation is completed and the pusher begins to return to its rest position, springs 64, associated with theanvil 62, serve to eject the staple 50 from the anvil. Theskin 92 is then free, under the force of sub-surface tissue, to expand toward the crossbar of the staple. This is shown in FIG. 22.

Since only the forwardmost portion of theskin stapler 10, which portion is relatively small, contacts the patient during a stapling operation, the stapler of the present invention is quite versatile. It may be used to staple external skin or an internal organ. This has'never before been possible in the prior art.

The pusher element may be driven by any of a large number of configurations. It may be driven manually or it may be driven by springs. The present invention, however, contemplates that the pusher element be driven by a gas under pressure. More particularly, the present invention contemplates that the pusher element be driven by a'charge of carbon dioxide housed within small pressurized and disposable tanks.

With reference, now, to FIGS. 23 through 28, the gas-powering unit of the present invention is described.

With reference first to FIG. 23, the configuration of the drive mechanism is as follows. The drive mechanism is shown generally at 100 and comprises agas inlet port 102, aspool 104, a pair of diaphragm seals 106 and 108, respectively, atransfer port 110 extending from one side to the other of thespool 104, apiston 112 sealed against thewall 114 of apiston chamber 134 by means of a rollingdiaphragm 115 and aspring 117 serving to resiliently bias thepiston 112 upwardly. Secured to thepiston 112 is anoutput shaft 116. provided with anotchl 18. The uppermost part of theoutput shaft 116 is designated 120 and serves, under the action ofspring 117, to exert an upward force on thespool 104. A seal'l22 is defined at the opening of thegas inlet port 102 and prevents the escape of gas from the inlet port'102 when contacted by thespool 104. Avent 124 and an exhaust l26 are'provided and communicate with avent chamber 128 and anexhaust chamber 130, respectively. Aninlet chamber 132 communicates with theinlet port 102.

With reference, now, to FIGS. 24 through 28, the operation of thepower unit 100 will be explained. As noted above, when thespool 104 is acted upon by thespring 117, it impinges upon theseal 122, thus preventing the entrance of the pressurized gas into theinlet chamber 132. The pressure acting on the top ofspool 40 104 is less than the force exerted by thespring 117 since the pressure in the inlet port acts on a small area whenspool 104 abutsseal 122.

' In FIG. 24, atrigger mechanism 136 is shownpivoting around apivot 138. The forwardmost end of thetrigger 136 engages thenotch 118 in theoutput shaft 116. Thus, when thetrigger 136 is activated, the force exerted by thespring 117 is overcome and thespool 104 is driven from theseal 122, downwardly, off theinlet port 102, by the gas under pressure. When thespool 104 reaches the bottom of theexhaust chamber 130, theexhaust port 126 is sealed with respect to the pressurized gas in theinlet port 102. The pressurized gas then flows through theinlet port 102, into theinlet chamber 132, then through thetransfer port 110 and into thepiston chamber 134. The pressure exerted by the gas drives thepiston 112 downwardly and into the position shown in FIG. 25.

Initially, the pressure in thepiston chamber 134 is lower than the pressure in the inlet chamber- 132 due to the restriction in thetransfer port 110. The pressure in thepiston chamber 134, however, rapidly builds up until it overcomes the pressure in theinlet chamber 132. The pressure in the piston chamber overcomes the pressure in the inlet chamber because the piston cham-' ber acts on a larger area (the bottom of spool 104) than does the inlet chamber pressure (which acts on the top of diaphragm 106) Asa consequence the area differential noted above, the pressure in thepiston chamber 134 drives thespool 104 upwardly, thus sealing the inlet port when the spool again contacts seal 122. This is shown in FIG. 26. The pressure in thepiston chamber 134 at this point is directly proportional to the ratio of the areas between the upper and lower diaphragm seals 106 and 108. The pressures inside the system then tend to equalize.

The gas in thepiston chamber 134 is now free to escape through the restrictedexhaust port 126 and into the atmosphere. At the same time, thespring 117 forces thepiston 112 upwardly, thus maintaining a back pressure on the lower diaphragm I08 and thus holding thespool 104 against theseal 122. This continues until the upper region of theoutput shaft 116 contacts thespool 104. Once this contact occurs, the action of thespring 117 maintains thespool 104 against theseal 122. An intermediate step is shown in- FIG. 27, and the final step is shown in FIG. 28. When the system reaches the position shown in FIG. 28, it is ready for another firing operation. It should be noted that in FIG. 28, all regions of the mechanism but for theinlet port 102 are held at atmospheric pressure. Thenotch 121 on themember 120 allowschamber 132 to communi cate with theexhaust port 126, notwithstanding the contact betweenelement 120 and theport 110.

Thevent 124, communicating with thevent chamber 128, is provided to ensure that sluggish operation of the spool and pistonsis prevented. In this manner, no pressure buildup occurs between diaphragms I06 and 108.

With particular reference, now, to FIG. 2 and'FIGS. 29 through 35, the construction and operation of the gearbox will be explained' As best seen in FIG. 2,'the rear portion of the drivingmember 28 is fitted with a yolk .150 adapted to be engaged by the. forward end of theoutput shaft 116. When the power unit 17 is fired, theoutput shaft 116, the drivingmember 28 and thepusher element 54 are driven forward and effect the formation of a rectangular staple against theanvil 62.

When themember 28 is thrust forward, theinclined surface 32, integral with member-28, moves forward and engages theplunger 34, which plunger 34 moves downwardly against the compression in the biasingspring 35.

As is best shown in FIG. 2, the front surface of theplunger 34 is provided with anotch 152, which notch engages aflange 154 fitted on the bottom of the rear surface of atriangular carrier plate 156. Thus, when themember 28 is thrust forward and theinclined surface 32 engages theplunger 34, thenotch 152 in theplunger 34 causes thetriangular carrier plate 156 to move downwardly due to the interaction between thenotch 152 and theflange 154. In FIG. 34, it can be seen that theflange 154 extends a substantial distance across thetriangular carrier plate 156, whichcarrier plate 156 is adapted to pivot at 157. This arrangement is further shown in FIG. 35 where there are also shown a pair ofpins 161 and 163, mounted in theplunger 34, which pins serve to prevent wear on theflange 154 of thetriangular carrier plate 156.

In FIGS. 2 and 33, the relative positions of theplunger 34 and thetriangular carrier plate 156 are shown when the drivingmember 28 is out of engagement with theplunger 34. FIG. 34 shows the relative positions of these elements when theplunger 34 engages theinclined surface 32 on the drivingmember 28 during the stapling operation. When comparing FIGS. 33 and 34, then, it is readily seen that when theplunger 34 moves downwardly, thecarrier plate 156 pivots in means of apivot pin 160. The forwardmost surface of s thepawl 158 is adapted to engage the surface of asixtoothed ratchet 159. It is seen, though, that in its rest position, thepawl 158 is out of engagement with the teeth of theratchet 159. The movement of thepawl 158 is restricted by a pin 162, mounted on the rear surface of the pawl and extending through ahole 164 in thecarrier plate 156. Asecond pawl 168 is pivotally mounted on apin 170 secured to the housing of the gearbox and thus independent of both thecarrier plate 156 and thepawl 158.Pawls 158 and 168 are, however, biased towards theratchet 159 by means of aspring 166.Spring 166 may be replaced by a pair of tension springs (not shown) mounted on the respective pivot pins of the pawl 1 58 and 168.Pawl 168 serves as a stop member for limitingthe rotation of theratchet 159.

On the lower portion of thecarrier plate 156 is an extension carrying apin 172.Pin 172 extends forwardly a distance sufficient to engage a depression in aclovershaped cam 174 which serves to positively position the elements of the gearbox when the instrument is in its readiness mode. f

With reference to FIG. 32, amain drive gear 176 is shown to-be mounted on the same axis that carries theratchet 159 and thecam 174. These elements move together and in unison. FIG. 31 shows that themain drive gear 176 engagestwo pinion gears 180, the ratio between themain drive gear 176 and the pinion gears 180 being 6 to I. In thismanner, when theratchet 159 is turned through the rotation necessary to move from one tooth to the next, eachpinion gear 180 turns one complete revolution.

Eachpinion gear 180 is mounted on ashaft 181 which terminates in aslot 183. Eachslot 183 is adapted to engagea'respective extension 60 integralwith eachscrew 46. In this manner, when the pinion gear turns through one revolution, the staples are driven forward chefstaple unit.

With particular reference, now, to FIGS. 33 through 35, the operation of the gearbox will be described. Prior to firing the skin stapler (FIG. 33), the drivingmember 28 is in its rearwardmost position. Theplunger 34, with itsnotch 152, is in its upper position, biased by thespring 35. Thus, thecarrier plate 156 is in its full clockwise position,pawl 168 being in engagement with a tooth on the rachet 159. The driving region ofpawl 158 is removed from the nearest tooth on theratchet 159 to allow for slight play in theplate 156 before theratchet 159 is rotated. This allows thepin 172 to disengage from the depression in thecam 174.

When the drivingmember 28 moves forward, during a stapling operation,plunger 34 moves down against the force of thespring 35. During the downward movement of theplunger 34, thecarrier plate 156 rotates in a counter-clockwise direction about itspivot point 157,pawl 158 rotating theratchet 159.

In FIG. 34, the elements of the gearbox are shown after thepawl 158 has rotated theratchet 159 through its maximum angle. This maximum angle is greater than that needed to advance each staple one staple unit. Thus, the gearbox elements are overdriven.

In FIG. 35, the gearbox elements are shown in their overdriven condition, but after theplunger 32 is partially raised due to themember 28 having moved rearwardly for part of its return stroke.

The gearbox operation will now be described. In FIG. 33, the gears are at rest, themember 28 retracted and waiting for an activating charge. Thepin 172 is in engagement with a depression in thecam 174 and thus theratchet 159, themain gear 176 and the pinion gears are locked in place. In this position, theslots 183 are aligned as shown in FIGS. 29 and 30 to allow for the easy insertion or removal of a staple-carrying cartridge.

When the powering unit is fired, the driving member is thrust forward and itsinclined surface 32 moves plunger 34 downward.Plunger 34 carries with it plate 156 which rotates in a counter-clockwise direction.

During the first stage of movement, no gears turn. The play betweenpawl 158 and the nearest tooth in theratchet 159 allows thepin 172 to move out of the depression incam 174 before gearrotation. The necessity for this is obvious. Then pawl 158 engages a tooth on theratchet 174 and rotates the ratchet, themain gear 176 and the pinion gears 180 to the positions shown in FIG. 34.

In the position shown in FIG. 34, the gears are overindexed. That is, they are driven more than is necessary to move the staples one staple unit. This is done to ensure that theslots 183 associated with pinion gears 180 are in proper alignment for insertion or removal of a cartridge.

After the stapling operation,member 28 moves rearwardly, thus allowing theplunger 34 to ride upwardly on theincline 32. This moves theplate 156 and hence thepin 172 into the position shown in FIG. 35 with thepin 172 moving toward the surface of thecam 174. From this position, thespring 35 urges thepin 172 against the surface of thecam 174 with the pin coming into contact with the cam at one of its depressions/Because of the stopping position of this cam, the action of thepin 172 rotatescam 174 in a clockwise direction. This rotation continues until the gear mechanism is in the position shown in FIG. 33, in readiness for another stapling maneuver.

With reference, now, to FIG. 36, a second embodiment of the main body portion of the inventive skin stapler will be described. The main body portion is shown generally at 200 and comprises aregion 202 for mounting thecartridge 12 described above with reference to FIGS. 3 through 13. Acam 204, similar to thecam 22 shown in FIG. 2, is provided. Themain body portion 200 has ahandle region 206 and atrigger 208. Aregion 210 serves to house a power unit identical with that described in FIGS. 23 through 28.

Thehandle 206 is threaded at the extremity thereof and is fitted with aplug 214. Apressurized cartridge 216 is filled with a gas such as carbon dioxide and held in thehandle 206, and its charge is fed to the poweringunit 210 by means of apassage 218, which passage terminates in achamber 220, similar to thegas inlet port 202 shown in FIG. 23.

Thetrigger 208 is similar to the triggeringmechanism 136 shown in FIG. 24. Therefore, when thetrigger 208 is depressed, the output shaft of the power unit is moved slightly so as to initiate the power stroke necessary to drive and form a staple.

When the surgeon uses theinstrument 200, all four fingers of one hand wrap around thehandle 206 with the thumb of that hand resting againsttrigger 208. The anvil of the staple-carryingcartridge 12 is pressed against the region of the body to be stapled and thetrigger 208 is depressed. The power stroke is initiated, the staple is formed and the unit is then removed from the stapled area and moved to the next area where it is desired to position a staple. The operation is repeated until the incision is completely sutured.

FIG. 37 is a cross-section viewed in the direction of arrows 3737 of FIG. 36. From this Figure, it is evident that thepassage 218 communicates with the forwardmost bore in thehandle 206 at a position removed from the center thereof. The off-center position is to ensure that the gas passage is not blocked by any .portion of the gas cartridge or the cartridge-piercing mechanism.

In FIGS. 36 and 37, it can be seen that thehandle 206 is fitted with abore 222 adapted to house thegas cartridge 216 and a bore 224- serving to mount the cartridge-piercing'mechanism described below.Bores 222 and 224 are communicated by means of a sloped wall.

As indicated above, it has been found that when gaspowering units have been used in the past, the pin which serves to pierce the gas cartridge tends to wear rapidly. As also noted above, it is contemplated that a loaded and sterilized staple-carrying cartridge be packaged with a filled and sterilized gas-containing cartridge. To' overcome the drawbacks noted above, a piercing mechanism which is simple in design and inexpensive in cost is fitted on a gas cartridge and is adapted to break. the seal of the gas cartridgewhen same is positioned within thehandle 206 of theinstrument 200 and screwed into place by means of theplug 214.

With reference,,now, to FIGS. 38 and 39, the novel cartridge-piercing mechanism will be described. A bottle containing a pressurized gas such as carbon dioxide is shown at 216. The mouth of thebottle 216 is fitted with aconventional seal 226. Acap 228 is positioned over the mouth of the bottle 21 .6 and an ()-ring 230 serves to seal the joint between thebottle 216 and thecap 228. When packaged and ready for use, a pin shown generally at 232 is positioned between an inwardly directedflange 234 on thecap 228 and theseal 226 of the bottle2l6. Thepin 232 comprises a main body region, apointed region 238 and anend region 240. Theend region 240 is fitted with aslot 242 extending entirely thereacross. Apassage 246 passes from the extremity of thepin 238 to the extremity of theslot 242.

As seen in FIGS. 36 and 38, when theplug 214 is screwed into thehandle 206 thebottle 216 is urged to move toward thebase 244 of thebore 224. When this takes place,region 240 abuts thebase 244 and thus the pointedregion 238 of thepin 232 pierces theseal 226 of thebottle 216. Gas from thebottle 216 is thus forced through thepassage 246, out of theslot 242 and into the chamber defined by thebore 224.

Thecap 228 has athin extension 248 which is flexible and which comfortably rests against the wall of thecore 224. When the pressurized gas passes into the chamber defined by thebore 224, it rushes into the region between the main body of thecap 228 and theextension 248, thus forcing theextension 248 against the wall of thebore 224. In this manner, the passage of gas is prevented from backing up into thehandle 206.

Above, there have been described specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted, however, that the above description was given for illustrative purposes only and that many alterations and modifications may be practiced by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. It is the intent therefore that the present invention not be limited to the above but be limited only as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

5 l. A gas-powered driving unit for converting gas pressure into a single forward thrust and for then returning to its static readiness position, the unit comprising: a body defining a plurality of chambers including an inlet chamber and a piston chamber; an inlet-port in said body for the introduction of pressurized gas into said body; a piston mounted to reciprocate between a forward and returned position in said piston chamber;

spool valve means intermediate said inlet port and said piston for sealing said inlet port, said'spool valve means mounted to reciprocate in said body into and away from sealing engagement with said inlet port and away from and into sealing engagement with said piston chamber; biasing means for urging said piston towards said inlet port, said biasing means further biasing said spool valve means via said piston into sealing engagement with said inlet port-when said piston reciprocates to its return position; sealing means connected to said spool means and defining said inlet chamber between said sealing means and said inlet port; the area of said spool valve means exposed to said' piston chamber and the area of said spool valve means and said sealing means in the inlet chamber when said spool valve means is in sealing engagement with said piston chamber being such that equal pressure in both said cham- 40 bers urges the spool means towards said inlet port: a

transfer port through said spool valve means communicating between said inlet chamber and said piston chamber; a seal connected to said piston for preventing thepassage of pressurized gas past said piston and out of said piston chamber; exhaust means for relieving pressure from said piston chamber for permitting the return stroke of said piston; and triggering means connected to said body for overcoming the bias imparted to said spool valve means by said biasing means so that the gas pressure in said inlet port can be introduced into said inlet chamber and thence through the transfer port to the piston chamber to cause said piston to reciprocate to its forward position, and further so that when pressure substantially equalizes in said piston chamber and said inlet chamber via said transfer port, said spool means moves into sealing engagement with said inlet port whereupon the gas pressure in said piston chamber is relieved and said biasing means moves said piston back to its return position.

2. The unit as defined in claim 1 wherein said transfer port is of a small orifice size so that a finite period of time elapses between the time when said spool valve means moves out of sealing engagement with said inlet port and the time when enough pressurized gas flows through said transfer port to equalize the pressure in said inlet chamber and said piston chamber, said finite time period being sufficiently long to enable the piston to substantially move from its return position to its forward position under the influence of the gas pressure in the piston chamber.

3. The unit of claim 1 wherein said exhaust means is an exhaust port communicating on one side with said transfer port and said piston chamber during the return stroke of said piston and on its other side with the atmosphere.

4. The unit as defined inclaim 3 wherein said exhaust port is of a small orifice size so that the pressure of the gas in said piston chamber remains high enough to move said spool valve into sealing engagement with said inlet port and keep said spool valve in sealing engagement with said inlet port until said piston means therewith.

Claims (6)

1. A gas-powered driving unit for converting gas pressure into a single forward thrust and for then returning to its static readiness position, the unit comprising: a body defining a plurality of chambers including an inlet chamber and a piston chamber; an inlet port in said body for the introduction of pressurized gas into said body; a piston mounted to reciprocate between a forward and returned position in said piston chamber; spool valve means intermediate said inlet port and said piston for sealing said inlet port, said spool valve means mounted to reciprocate in said body into and away from sealing engagement with said inlet port and away from and into sealing engagement with said piston chamber; biasing means for urging said piston towards said inlet port, said biasing means further biasing said spool valve means via said piston into sealing engagement with said inlet port when said piston reciprocates to its return position; sealing means connected to said spool means and defining said inlet chamber between said sealing means and said inlet port; the area of said spool valve means exposed to said piston chamber and the area of said spool valve means and said sealing means in the inlet chamber when said spool valve means is in sealing engagement with said piston chamber being such that equal pressure in both said chambers urges the spool means towards said inlet port: a transfer port through said spool valve means communicating between said inlet chamber and said piston chamber; a seal connected to said piston for preventing the passage of pressurized gas past said piston and out of said piston chamber; exhaust means for relieving pressure from said piston chamber for permitting the return stroke of said piston; and triggering means connected to said body for overcoming the bias imparted to said spool valve means by said biasing means so that the gas pressure in said inlet pOrt can be introduced into said inlet chamber and thence through the transfer port to the piston chamber to cause said piston to reciprocate to its forward position, and further so that when pressure substantially equalizes in said piston chamber and said inlet chamber via said transfer port, said spool means moves into sealing engagement with said inlet port whereupon the gas pressure in said piston chamber is relieved and said biasing means moves said piston back to its return position.

2. The unit as defined in claim 1 wherein said transfer port is of a small orifice size so that a finite period of time elapses between the time when said spool valve means moves out of sealing engagement with said inlet port and the time when enough pressurized gas flows through said transfer port to equalize the pressure in said inlet chamber and said piston chamber, said finite time period being sufficiently long to enable the piston to substantially move from its return position to its forward position under the influence of the gas pressure in the piston chamber.

3. The unit of claim 1 wherein said exhaust means is an exhaust port communicating on one side with said transfer port and said piston chamber during the return stroke of said piston and on its other side with the atmosphere.

4. The unit as defined in claim 3 wherein said exhaust port is of a small orifice size so that the pressure of the gas in said piston chamber remains high enough to move said spool valve into sealing engagement with said inlet port and keep said spool valve in sealing engagement with said inlet port until said piston means returns to its return position so that said biasing means can then urge said spool valve means into sealing engagement with said inlet port via said piston.

5. The unit as defined in claim 3 wherein said sealing means includes first and second seals which define a chamber therebetween, said body having a vent port communicating on one side with said chamber intermediate said first and second seals and on its other side with the atmosphere.

6. The unit as defined in claim 1 wherein said piston means comprises a piston and an output shaft integral therewith.

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