US3783840A - Cylinder block - Google Patents

Abstract

A two-stroke internal combustion engine has cylinders in two planes offset from each other at 90*, a bore to contain a crankshaft is provided adjacent the inner ends of the cylinders and at right angles thereto, and a bore is provided within the included angle parallel to the crankshaft bore constituting a valve cylinder which has ports for supplying air or fuel and air to the cylinders.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Squelch Jan. 8, 1974 CYLINDER BLOCK 2,018,914 10/1935 Endres 123/65 B 1,690,321 11/1928 Baher 123/65 VC [761 Invent: Edward squelch 243 1,048,760 12 1912 Taff 123/65 vc Greenfern -1 Slough, England 3,471,079 10/1969 Myers 417/403 [22] Filed Mar 4 1971 3,228,195 1/1966 Brent et a1. 60/54.6 A

[21] Appl. No.: 120,848 Primary Examiner-Martin P. Schwadron Assistant Examiner-A. M. Zupcic Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 808,798, March 20, Attorney wllham A Drucker 1969, b d d.

a 57 ABSTRACT [52] U.S. C1. 123/65 B, 417/399, 417/511 A r ke internal combustion engin h cylinders [51] Int. Cl. F02d 39/04, F04]; 17/00, F041;, 7/00 in two planes offset from each other at 90, a bore to [58] Field of Search 123/65 B, 65 VC; in a r nkshaft is provided adjacent the inner 417/345, 346,- 347, 403, 404, 511, 397, 399 ends of the cylinders and at right angles thereto, and a bore is provided within the included angle parallel to [56] Refer n Cit d the crankshaft bore constituting a valve cylinder UNITED STATES PATENTS vyhich has ports for supplying air or fuel and air to the 1,100,279 6/1914 Dean 123/65 B cylmders' 1,916,043 6/1933 Enright 123/65B 2 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures 56 -":it 59 17 L 3V 57 IZ 1 1 43 /A\/ 5 4 1 i 27" I T 1 I H l 1 12' s c 1 1 1'1 F 1 I 1 1 1l D E L 64 tL L.L c: 1 1

PATENTED JAN 8 SHEEI 10F 7 CYLINDER BLOCK This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 808,798, filed Mar. 20, 1969, now abandoned.

This invention relates to four or eight cylinder twostroke internal combustion engines and its main object is to provide a two-stroke engine of compact size and shape which does not require lubricating oil to be mixed with the petrol whereby a cleaner exhaust is achieved.

According to the present invention I provide improvements in a two-stroke internal combustion engine having four cylinders, wherein the axes of the cylinders are in two planes offset from each other with an included angle less than 120a crank-shaft bore to contain a crankshaft adjacent the inner ends-of the cylinders and at right angles to the cylinder axes, a valve bore within the included angle parallel to the crankshaft bore, an air-fuel valve and compressor device in said valve bore, ports in said bore for supplying compressed air-fuel mixture to the cylinders, and a carburettor supplying air-fuel mixture to said valve bore.

The inlet valve may consist of a valve piston sliding within the valve cylinder and operated by an actuating member which is reciprocated by fluid pressure.

The valve piston may, for example, in a four cylinder engine supply fuel-air mixture to two ports for two cylinders at one end of the valve cylinder when moving towards that end and supply fuel-air mixture to two other parts at the other end of the cylinder when moving towards said other end.

A constructional form of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the main parts of an engine housing made in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a half sectional view on the line 2-2 on FIG. 1 (with part of the other half);

FIG. 2A is a similar view of the other end of the parts shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 3 is a half sectional view, online 33 on FIG. I;

FIG. 3A is a similar view of the other end of the parts shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing the opposite end of the engine;

FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 are details of a pump to be described; and

FIIG. 8 is a view of an exhaust valve device.

The engine housing may be made as a single casting or if preferred it may be built up from two or more parts. As shown it is made up by a series ofplates 9 shaped A B C F G H I L M with spacers between them. It is formed with twocylinders 12 in line only one of which is shown as the other cylinder is behind the one shown in FIG. 1. Thecylinders 12 are offset 90 from two further inline cylinders 13. The inner ends of thecylinders 12 is shown at D, E and the inner ends ofcylinders 13 is shown at J, K. The housing has abore 15 to contain thecrankshaft 16 on a centre line at the intersection of the centre lines of thecylinders 12, 13. Within the included angle of 90 the housing is formed with apump bore 17 which contains the inlet valve for supplying fuel-air mixture to the four cylinders. This bore is equidistant from thecylinders 12, 13. The crankshaft may be formed in separate pieces, e.g. four pieces as shown in FIG. 2. Bearings are provided at 22, 23, 24 and a thrust washer at 25. Crank pins shown at 2 28, 29 each carry two connecting rods 27 (FIG. 1 but omitted from FIG. 2) for thecylinders 12, 13. Crankshaft webs are shown at 30, 31, 30A, 31A.

The crankshaft carries a sprocket-32 centrally which drives anoutput shaft 33 by means of a chain 34 and sprocket 35.

An inlet port 41 is provided in thepump bore 17 which also hasports 42, 43 at each end leading to the cylinders. These fourports 42, 43 are controlled by two cylindricalhollow pistons 45, 45A which slidably fit in thebore 17. Theports 42, 43 at one end of thebore 17 supply air-fuel mixture to thecylinders 12 and thesimilar ports 42, 43 at the other end of thebore 17 supply air-fuel mixture to thecylinders 13.

These pistons are connected togetherconnections 69 so as to be reciprocated by a reciprocable actuatingmember 46 which is reciprocated by a pair oframs 47, 47A which are both fixed to themember 46. The rams extend from themember 46 in opposite directions and are reciprocated by oil pressure supplied through ports 71 (FIG. 3) and 71A (FIG. 3A). It will be understood from FIG. 3 that a port 71 is provided in aplate 72 at that end and from FIG. 3A it can be seen that at the other end there is provided a pump and valve device 75 (FIGS. 3A and 4 to 7).

Therams 47 and 47A operate in fixedcylinders 48, 48A located within thepistons 45, 45A and supplied with oil at pressure through theports 71, 71A, and the pump andvalve device 75 directs oil under pressure alternately to the two rams and exhausts the ram not under pressure. Agap 50 is provided betweenmember 46 and piston and a similar gap is provided betweenmember 46 andpiston 45A. These gaps provide a dwell or floating action when reversing the motion of the piston.

Acarburettor 54 is connected to thebore 17 by means of the port 41.

The pump and valve device is bolted to one end of the engine housing as shown in FIG. 4 and consists of a fixed plate 76 (FIGS. 3A and 6) containing theport 71A spaced from afixed plate 78 formed with a doubleended pump chamber 79 having aport 71C connected bypipe 71B at one end of the pump chamber to the port 71. Between theplates 76, 78 is areciprocatory frame 80 which is reciprocated by an eccentric 81 (FIGS. 2A and 5) fixed on the. end of the crankshaft. Theframe 80 carries ablock 83 which serves as a pump piston and oscillates in the'pump chamber 79. Theplate 78 hasinlet ports 84, 85 supplied with oil under pressure for making up any lost oil. Theframe 80 hasoil grooves 86, 87 which match up withports 84, 85. When theblock 83 moves towards one end of its stroke oil is forced out of one end of thechamber 79 throughpipe 71B into port 71 and when theblock 83 moves in the other direction oil is forced out of the other end of the chamber into theport 71A. Thusrams 47, 47A are shuttled back and forth continuously thereby reciprocating themember 46 which 'drives thepistons 45, 45A in alternate directions.

When thepistons 45, 45A are moving left to right (FIG. 3) the pressure in the left hand end ofpump cylinder 17 tends to be reduced and therefore combustion mixture enters at port 41 which is in communication withports 42, 43 through thegap 50 and through thehollow piston 45. When the pistons start moving right to left thegap 50 is closed and the mixture is compressed and eventually is fed to two of the engine cylinders throughports 42, 43 while mixture enters at port 41 to the right hand end of thecylinder 17 through theother gap 50 which is now open.

Thus no fuel enters the crank case so there is no difficulty about lubricating oil to the petrol. Therefore of course no other blower or compressor is required for compressing the air-fuel mixture in the crank case, and exhaust gases are much cleaner than when oil is mixed with petrol.

When theblock 83 is at one end of its stroke makeup oil enterspump space 79 viaports 84, 86 and at the other end of its stroke makeup oil enters viaports 85, 87.

This simple pump and valve device is merely shown by way of example as any other such device may be used which will alternately supply oil to and exhaust oil from theports 71, 71A.

Each end of the bore receives a cylindrical valve housing 51 (FIG. 2) containing two cylinder exhaust valve operating means 52. The exhaust valve is shown at 60 in FIGS. 1 and 8.

An exhaustvalve tappet housing 90 has a cylindricalouter periphery 91 which fits a bore in theengine block 9. The housing is ring-shaped and its innercylindrical periphery 92 is of large enough diameter to receive acam 93 fixed on thecrankshaft 16. The housing has outwardly extending or radial bores 96, 97 offset 90 from each other and containingtappets 98, 99. The tappets haveheads 101, 102 within the housing engaging the cam.

Thetappet 99 has asemi-spherical depression 105 in its outer end engaged by arod 106 the other end ofwhich engages aball 107 which engages a seat in a rockinglever 110. Thelever 110 is pivoted at one end at 111 and its other end actuates the stem of theexhaust valve 60. The rocking lever is provided with a return spring not shown. Thetappet 98 operates another exhaust valve through similar means not shown.

A similar two-valve operating system may be provided in the bore at the other end of the crankshaft.

Thehousing 90 also has an outwardly extending or radial bore containing arelief valve 114 which controls the pressure of oil within thehousing 90.

Abore 115 receives oil for lubrication.

The combustion space is shown at 61 and the sparking plug will be located at 62. The cylinder heads 63 are bolted bybolts 64 to spacers between theplates 9.

Thepistons 59 will be longer than the stroke and have as perfect as sealing as possible.

A modification of aSolex 2 choke carburettor may be provided at 54. The secondary choke may be linked to a vacuum diaphragm which in turn is connected to aport 72 in thebore 17 between the twopistons 45.

Auxiliary drive means for the oil pump, distributor and water pump are arranged to be driven at the front end of the crankshaft, e.g. by chain or belt drives.

Astarter motor 56 is mounted on acradle 57 fixed on theplates 9. Ducts such as 116 (FIG. 3.) are provided where necessary for lubrication.

I claim:

1. A two-stroke internal combustion engine having four cylinders the axes of which are in two planes offset from each other with an included angle less than 120a bore to contain a crankshaft adjacent the inner ends of the cylinders and at right angles to the cylinder axes, and a pump bore within the included angle parallel to the crankshaft bore, an air fuel valve or pump device in said pump bore, ports in said pump bore for supplying compressed air-fuel mixture to the cylinders, a carburettor supplying air-fuel mixture to said pump bore, said air-fuel pump comprising two hollow pistons sliding in said pump bore, an actuating member located between them and alternately spaced from the pistons and opening and closing the adjacent ends of the pistons whereby air-fuel mixture is caused to enter into the pump bore from the carburettor, the air-fuel mixture entering each piston in turn while open while the closed piston compresses a charge therein, two cylinders located in the pump bore one at each end thereof, two rams located in said cylinders respectively, said rams being connected to said actuating member, and means for alternately supplying liquid under pressure to said cylinders and exhausting pressure therefrom to reciprocate the rams which in turn reciprocate said pistons.

2. An air fuel valve device for an internal combustion engine comprises a housing having a pump bore, two hollow pistons sliding in said pump bore, an actuating member located between them and alternately spaced from the pistons and opening and closing the adjacent end of the pistons whereby air-fuel mixture is caused to enter into the pump bore by the pistons, the air-fuel mixture being drawn in by the open piston while the closed piston compresses a charge, two cylinders located in the pump bore one at each end thereof, two rams located in said cylinders respectively, said rams being connected to said actuating member, and for alternately supplying liquid under pressure to said cylinders and exhausting pressure therefrom to reciprocate the rams which in turn reciprocate said pistons.

Claims (2)

1. A two-stroke internal combustion engine having four cylinders the axes of which are in two planes offset from each other with an included angle less than 120a bore to contain a crankshaft adjacent the inner ends of the cylinders and at right angles to the cylinder axes, and a pump bore within the included angle parallel to the crankshaft bore, an air fuel valve or pump device in said pump bore, ports in said pump bore for supplying compressed air-fuel mixture to the cylinders, a carburettor supplying air-fuel mixture to said pump bore, said air-fuel pump comprising two hollow pistons sliding in said pump bore, an actuating member located between them and alternately spaced from the pistons and opening and closing the adjacent ends of the pistons whereby air-fuel mixture is caused to enter into the pump bore from the carburettor, the air-fuel mixture entering each piston in turn while open while the closed piston compresses a charge therein, two cylinders located in the pump bore one at each end thereof, two rams located in said cylinders respectively, said rams being connected to said actuating member, and means for alternately supplying liquid under prEssure to said cylinders and exhausting pressure therefrom to reciprocate the rams which in turn reciprocate said pistons.

2. An air fuel valve device for an internal combustion engine comprises a housing having a pump bore, two hollow pistons sliding in said pump bore, an actuating member located between them and alternately spaced from the pistons and opening and closing the adjacent end of the pistons whereby air-fuel mixture is caused to enter into the pump bore by the pistons, the air-fuel mixture being drawn in by the open piston while the closed piston compresses a charge, two cylinders located in the pump bore one at each end thereof, two rams located in said cylinders respectively, said rams being connected to said actuating member, and for alternately supplying liquid under pressure to said cylinders and exhausting pressure therefrom to reciprocate the rams which in turn reciprocate said pistons.

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