US3764984A - Information coding system - Google Patents

Abstract

A multiple coding system in which a large number of different types of remote sensing units may be monitored by a single station, each sensing unit being identified by its unique code signal. The code signal is produced by generating a series of marker pulses in which only a predetermined combination of the pulses are followed by a code pulse. The monitoring station interprets the predetermined combination as a series of binary numbers identifing the sensing unit, decodes the binary numbers to decimal numbers, and displays the numbers on a panel.

Description

1 INFORMATION CODING SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The first application of the present invention functions to permit a complete monitoring of a very large building or a group of buildings or even a complex like a shopping center by a single guard by providing a pottable system wherein remote sensing devices can be psitioned throughout a building in large numbers and connected to one or more monitoring and decoding stations. A unique coding arrangement enables the monitoring station to identify each remote sensing unit by location and type and as a consequence several varities of sensing units can be connected to monitor any desired condition. However, all of the units may be connected to the monitoring station by a single transmission means. This transmission means may comprise, for example, a radio link, a direct electrical wire connecting all of the remote sensing units, a flashing light laser, hydraulic or pneumatic connection. It is contemplated that hundreds of sensing units could be used in a large building to monitor such factors as temperature, by means of a thermostat, or unauthorizedmovement or entry by means of a thermostat, or unauthorized movement or entry by means of ultrasonic detection devices or'movement on a television screen. Water levels, pressures, and overloaded electrical circuits are other examples of conditions that may be monitored. Furthermore, a completely unique code need not be devised for every single sensing unit since the method of coding used by my invention allows all the alarms of a particular type to be similarly coded except for minor differences in one portion of the code to identify the particular unit. Thus, my invention allows a single guard to keep track of detailed conditions throughout an extremely large building or complex with a minimum of electronic circuitry and connections.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly, in my invention'the remote sensing units are connected to generate a series of spaced marker pulses when they are activated. These marker pulses can be v transmitted by radio, direct wire or other means to the monitoring station or stations. Preferably all encoding units and decoding units are battery powered. The marker pulses are slightly delayed to form code pulses and these code pulses are gated to the transmission means by means of a shift register. However, the shift register is'connect'ed on only some ofits outputs so that code pulses follow only some of the marker pulses in a predetermined combination. The particular combination of marker pulses followed by code pulses is unique for each sensing unit so that each sensing unit can be identified by the monitoring unit. Thus, each alarm unit is coded simply by making the correct connections from the shift register to the transmission means. It may be seen that it is an object of my invention to provide a simplified coding system for a large scale alarm and sensing system operable to monitor'a great number of differing factors. Further objects and advantages will become apparent upon consideration of the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS I FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electronic circuitry of the sensing unit portion of my invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electronic circuitry of the monitoring station showing how the coded pulses are analyzed to determine their exact source and the type of difficulty.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In FIG. 1 analarm sensing unit 10 is shown which is designed to respond to whatever condition it is monitoring by switching on a pulse generator 12. As mentioned beforealarm sensing unit 10 may be a thermostat sensing temperature, or an intrusion detecting device using ultrasonic devices, or a door mounted switch, or any other suitable device for monitoring a variety of conditions of interest. Once activated, pulse generator 12 continues to generate a series of pulses which are relayed to atransmitter 14 and broadcast through anantenna 16. Radio transmission is described in the preferred embodiment as an example only and it should be understood that the pulses could be relayed to the monitoring station of FIG. 2 by means of a direct electrical connection or other means.

The marker pulses are also directed to adelay circuit 18 to form code pulses. The code pulses are presented to a Schmitt trigger 22 and a gate 20. Schmitt trigger 22 causes the shift register 24 to progress to each of its successive outputs as each pulse is received. However, not all of the outputs of the shift register 24 are connectedtoline 26 and to gate 20. Consequently, only some of the code pulses from delaycircuit 18 are allowed to pass through gate 20 to be transmitted bytransmitter 14. The particular marker pulses that are followed by code pulses are determined by whichever of the outputs of shift register 24 are connected toline 26. A typical connection pattern is shown in FIGII.

the left, are arbitrarily selected to represent in binary form the first digit of the floor number upon whichalarm sensing unit 10 is located. The second group of j four outputs is selected to represent the second digit of the floor number. The third group of four outputs may be connected to represent the type ofsensing unit 10 to which it is connected while the last four units can be selected to represent which particular unit among those ofthat type is being activated. v

In the first four groups of outputs only the third output is connected-toline 26. Using binary type coding the four outputs represent the numerals I, 2, 4 and 8. This means that the first digit of the floor upon which sensingunit 10 is located is 4. In the second group of four outputs the first and second outputs are both connected which means that the second digit is a3. Thus, alarm sensing unit'l0 is identified as beingon the 43rd floor. In the third group of four outputs the second and third outputs are connected indicating that the sensing unit is the type of sensing unit identified by the number 6 which could be, for example, an open door switch to detect unauthorized entry. In the last group of four outputs from shift register 24 only the second output is connected indicating that the particular door which is being opened is the door designated number 2. It is readily apparent that in the arrangement shown in the preferred embodiment 9,999 different alarm units could be identified by the same monitoring station. As shift-register 24 reaches its last output a signal follows aline 25 to pulse generator 12 to turn off the pulse generator since the coded signal is complete.

The coded signal fromtransmitter 14 is received by aradio receiver 28 andantenna 30. The marker pulses from pulse generator 12 received byreceiver 28 are presented to anAND gate 32. The pulses are also delayed by a Schmitttrigger delay circuit 34 producing delayed pulses which are presented toAND gate 32. Thus, if a particular marker pulse is followed by a code pulse, that code pulse is presented togate 32 at the same time as its delayed marker pulse from Schmitt trigger 34. The coincident arrival causes a pulse to be generated by ANDgate 32 which opens four gates numbered 38 through 41. As each of the marker pulses is received they are also presented by means of a Schmitt trigger 43 to ashift register 45 which moves from output to output in a fashion similar to shift register 24. The output oftirgger 43 comprises prolonged pulses long enough to still be on when any code pulses are received so thattrigger 43 ignores the code pulses. Thus, as the first four marker pulses are received,gates 38 through 41 are sequentially opened to pass any pulses fromgate 32 indicating that a code pulse was transmitted. Thus, one or more electronic switches, which could comprise silicon controlled rectifiers numbered 60 through 63 are turned on indicating the particular completed connections in the first four outputs of shift register 24 in FIG. 1. In FIG. 2 whenshift register 45 reaches its fourth output that signal is also presented to a pair of Schmitt triggers S and 52. Schmitt trigger 50 signals alatching circuit 47 to pass the information from the four SCR circuits to a binary todecimal decoder 56. At the same time Schmitt trigger 50 also causes aclearing relay 58 to cut the power to the fourSCR circuits 60 through 63 so as to erase the information stored from the first four pulses.Shift register 45 is then free to recycle four outputs from shift register 24 in FIG. 1. At the end of thesecond scan decoder 56 again analyzes the four outputs fromlatch circuit 47 and decodes them into decimal form. The scan is repeated twice more to accommodate the remaining eight marker pulses from shift register 24.

Decoder 56 is connected by means of acable 81 to four groups of gates each numbered 70 through 73. In the binary system four outputs could represent a number as high as 16 but in the embodiment shown only ten decimal positions are needed. The number represented by the first four pulses, which in this case is 4, is presented throughcable 81 to the fourth gate in each of the groups of tengates 70 through 73 which gate is connected through an electronic switch or SCR circuit to the fourth light bulb in each row oflights 88, 89, 90 and 91 on adisplay panel 80. In this case only the particular fourth gate in the group of tengates 70 will be opened because, for the first four pulses from shift register 24,shift register 54 is activating onlygates 70. Aftershift register 45 completes its scan and activates Schmitt trigger 52shift register 54 advances to the next output which deactivates the group ofgates 70 and activates the group ofgates 71. Information can now pass only through the second group ofSCRs 77 to the second row oflights 89 onboard 80. Whenshift register 45 again completes its scan corresponding to the second group of four outputs from shift register 24, Schmitt trigger 52 againadvances shift register 54 to the next output and opens the group of ten gates designated 72 in FIG. 2.

The signals from the groups of gates through 73 is transferred to board and the groups of lights thereon through electronic switches or silicon control rectifiers numbered 76 through 79. The SCR circuits remain on once activated so that the code is held ondisplay board 80 for as long as the guard monitoring the station needs the information. As can be seen the first group of tenlights 88 are controlled by another group of ten electronic switches which comprise in the preferred embodiment tenSCRs 76. Following the example described already the fourth light is lit. In the second group oflights 89 controlled bySCRs 77 the third light is lit. Thus the guard may easily read that the alarm unit is on the 43rd floor as described with respect to FIG. 1. The group of lights 90 onboard 80 controlled bySCRs 78 tell the guard that the number six type of alarm is involved, corresponding to an unauthorized entry while the number two light in the group oflights 91 indicate that it is the second door on the 43rd floor which is open. Once the guard has determined this information he may cause an inspection to be made to determine the cause of the triggering of thealarm sensing unit 10. He may then clear the system by means of anactivation switch 65 which is connected to the silicon controlledrectifier circuits 76 through 79 so as to turn off the SCR circuits and again blank theboard 80 so that the system is ready to receive future alarm signals.

I claim:

l. A coding system comprising in combination:

remote condition sensing switch means;

marker pulse generating means connected to and operable to be activated by said condition sensing means;

coded shiftable gating means;

first delay means connected between said marker pulse generating means and said coded shiftable gating means operable to pass with some delay the pulses to said coded gating means, said coding means connected to pass at least some of the pulses from said generating means in a predetermined coded sequence;

a monitoring station;

transmission means between said gating means and said monitoring station so as to transmit the pulses therebetween;

analyzing means in said monitoring station operable I to determine which of the marker pulses is followed by a delayed pulse; and

decoding means in said monitoring station connected to said analyzing means and operable to display in an understandable form the particular remote condition sensing means which is activated.

2. The system of claim 1 in which said coded shiftable gating means comprises a gate activated by some of the outputs of a shift register said shift register being advanced by the delayed pulses from said first delay means.

3. The system of claim 2 in which said analyzing means comprises a coincident pulse operable gate connected to receive marker pulses from said transmission means directly and through a second delay means.

4. The system of claim 3 including a second shift register advanced by marker pulses from said transmission means and operable to open a series of gates to pass pulses from said coincident pulse operable gate so as to activate a series of electronic switches.

5. The system of claim 4 in which said decoding means comprises trigger circuit means operable to pass the outputs of said electronic switches to a binary to decimal decoder at the end of the scan of said second shift register over said series of gates.

6. The system of claim 5 including further a display panel having indicator means thereon connected to said decoder to show the decoded number represented by the outputs of said electronic switches.

7. The system of claim 6 including second trigger means connected to said second shift register and to a third shift register to advance said third shift register,

Claims (9)

1. A coding system comprising in combination: remote condition sensing switch means; marker pulse generating means connected to and operable to be activated by said condition sensing means; coded shiftable gating means; first delay means connected between said marker pulse generating means and said coded shiftable gating means operable to pass with some delay the pulses to said coded gating means, said coding means connected to pass at least some of the pulses from said generating means in a predetermined coded sequence; a monitoring station; transmission means between said gating means and said monitoring station so as to transmit the pulses therebetween; analyzing means in said monitoring station operable to determine which of the marker pulses is followed by a delayed pulse; and decoding means in said monitoring station connected to said analyzing means and operable to display in an understandable form the particular remote condition sensing means which is activated.

2. The system of claim 1 in which said coded shiftable gating means comprises a gate activated by some of the outputs of a shift register said shift register being advanced by the delayed pulses from said first delay means.

3. The system of claim 2 in which said analyzing means comprises a coincident pulse operable gate connected to receive marker pulses from said transmission means directly and through a second delay means.

4. The system of claim 3 including a second shift register advanced by marker pulses from said transmission means and operable to open a series of gates to pass pulses from said coincident pulse operable gate so as to activate a series of electronic switches.

5. The system of claim 4 in which said decoding means comprises trigger circuit means operable to pass the outputs of said electronic switches to a binary to decimal decoder at the end of the scan of said second shift register over said series of gates.

6. The system of claim 5 including further a display panel having indicator means thereon connected to said decoder to show the decoded number represented by the outputs of said electronic switches.

7. The system of claim 6 including second trigger means connected to said second shift register and to a third shift register to advance said third shift register, said third shift register changing the output of said decoder to different indicator means on said display panel upon the completion of each scan by said second shift register.

8. The system of claim 7 in which said transmission means comprises radio transmitter and receivers.

9. The system of claim 7 in which said indicator means comprises lights controlled by electronic switches which are in turn activated by gates controlled by said decoder.

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