US3745938A - Compactible protective shield - Google Patents

Abstract

A protective shield for personnel use is provided that can be rolled into a relatively small, light weight and unobtrusive cylinder, but can be inflated to serve as a unitary shock absorbing and object deflecting shield. The inflatable structure has a generally rectangular outline, and substantially parallel front and rear broad faces of impregnated pile fabric that are relatively pliant when uninflated but substantially flat as well as stiff when inflated. A manually actuable gas cartridge device and handles are attached to the rear face of the shield, which also may include a viewing aperture covered by a foraminous member. The inflated shield provides differential distortion between the front and rear faces under impacting objects, sufficient to protect a person behind the shield by absorbing, distributing or redirecting the force of impact without significant deformation or collapse.

Description

Y-l'Y-JB OR United States Patent [1 1 Hathaway et al.

1 July 17, 1973 COMPACTIBLE PROTECTIVE SHIELD [73] Assignee: R. F. Inc., Grantsville, W. Va.

[22] Filed: Aug. 3, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 168,565

[52] US. Cl 109/49.5, 2/2.5, 109/585 [51] Int.Cl F4lh 5/08 [58] Field of Search l09/49.5, 58.5, 82,

109/80, 79; 89/36 R, 36 D; 5/348 R; 2/2.5; 273/55; 161/404, 138

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,886,834 5/1959 Gilbertson 5/348 R 3,008,213 11/1961 Foster ct al... 5/348 R X 3,310,818 3/1967 Fischer 5/348 3,526,199 9/1970 Keats 5/348 R 3,557,384 1/1971 Barron et al.... 2/2.5

918,391 4/1909 Taarud 5/348 R 1,250,197 12/1917 Louppe 109/495 X 1,270,343 6/1918 Szmyt 109/82 1,465,767 8/1923 Krause 109/82 X 1,561,184 11/1925 Offenhauser 5/348 R 1,574,188 2/1926 Friedman 109/82 X 1,985,432 12/1934 Tucker eta1 5/348 R 2,028,060 1/1936 Gilbert 5/348 R 2,316,055 4/1943 Davey 2/2.5 X 2,466,597 4/1949 Kropscott et al. 2/2.5 UX 2,574,046 11/1951 Logan 5/348 R X Primary ExaminerDennis L. Taylor AttorneyFraser and Bogucki 57 ABSTRACT A protective shield for personnel use is provided that can be rolled into a relatively small, light weight and unobtrusive cylinder, but can be inflated to serve as a unitary shock absorbing and object deflecting shield. The inflatable structure has a generally rectangular outline, and substantially parallel front and rear broad faces of impregnated pile fabric that are relatively pliant when uninflated but substantially flat as well as stiff when inflated. A manually actuable gas cartridge device and handles are attached to the rear face of the shield, which also may include a viewing aperture cov ered by a foraminous member. The inflated shield provides differential distortion between the front and rear faces under impacting objects, sufficient to protect a person behind the shield by absorbing, distributing or redirecting the force of impact without significant deformation or collapse.

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INVENTORS BRUCE E. HATHAWAY BY EARL W. HUFFMAN KEVNEY J. O'CONNOR EtMr/L M \W A T ORNE Y5 I PATENIEDJUU Hm SHEET 3 OF 3 INVENTORS BRUCE E. HATHAWAY BY EARL w. HUFFMAN KEVNEY J. O'CONNOR F/w r W W ATT RNEYS FIG.5

COMPACTIBLE PROTECTIVE SHIELD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to protective structures for personnel, and particularly to unobtrusive protective shields that may be readily deployed for use.

A need exists for a protective structure that can be carried or stored unobtrusively and conveniently under normal circumstances, and readily deployed when needed to provide protection against flying, falling or impacting objects. Protective shields heretofore used have generally been of rigid construction, and therefore both relatively heavy and comparatively cumbersome. It is of course known to provide inflatable chest protectors, and other protective structures that can be worn, but these generally provide only limited area protection and are not readily manipulable or deployable. Inflatable protective elements must have a combination of resiliency, in order to absorb an impacting shock, and rigidity, in order to deflect an impacting object without significant deformation or partial collapse. The walls must also have sufficient structural integrity to absorb the impacts of relatively sharp pointed objects without being subject to puncturing while at the same time having sufficient pliability so that the structure can be compacted into an unobtrusive, readily stored shape.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The objects and purposes of the present invention are achieved by an inflatable structure having substantially parallel front and back broad faces joined around a substantially rectangular peripheral margin and interiorly connected by gas permeable means. Rubber impregnated pile fabric having spaced apart front and back walls serves as the base structure, and may include additional impact and puncture resistant layers of flexible, pliant material. A manually actuated gas cartridge and handles are mounted on the rear broad face. When the gas cartridge is actuated, the interior gas flow is substantially unobstructed and when the interior is pressurized the walls are firm, flat and impact resistant. The shield may include an internal margin defining a viewing aperture, across which is mounted a foraminous viewing element. Such structures may be carried as a cylindrical roll, and substantially immediately extended to the deployed condition. When deployed, the exposed broad face resiliently yields over a limited area under an impacting force, cushioning and absorbing the shock or deflecting the impacting object to the side.

Alternatively or additionally, in accordance with the invention, roll fasteners may be provided .in the form of straps attached to the front and bottom margins, preferably including fasteners of the-Velcro type and arranged so that the shield can be rolled along its length in any disposition, and then secured adequately but in a readily releasable manner. The shield may also incorporate fasteners positioned near the edges thereof for interconnecting two or more adjacent shields together to form a protective wall. As another feature, the shield may include loops for receiving night sticks or other rigid members forming handles to permit'use of the shield as a stretcher in a horizontal position.

In another arrangement in accordance with the invention, means are provided for dividing the shield internally into a number of compartments, with a gas cartridge device being coupled to each of these compartments through separate conduits and one-way valves, so that the high velocity impact of a sharp object that may puncture one of the compartments does not cause deflation of the remainder of the shield.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A better understanding of the invention may be had by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a deployable protective shield in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of the shield of FIG. 1, taken along thelines 2--2 therein and looking in the direction of the appended arrows;

FIG. 3 is a perspective rear view of the arrangement of FIGS. '1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fragment of the arrangement of FIGS. 1-3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the shield of FIGS. 1-4, showing the shield in the compacted position;

FIG. 6 is a rear view of a different arrangement in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a fragment of an alternative wall construction for the arrangement of FIGS. 1-3; and

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternative form of deployable shield in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, aprotective shield 10 for personnel use comprises an inflatable, resilient body having a frontbroad face member 12 and a rearbroad facemember 14, with a generally rectangular outline, the longer sides being the vertical sides as seen in FIGS. 1-3. Although theshield 10 can be used in any attitude, it will normally be in the orientation shown, and consequently for convenience the upper and lower edges as seen in the Figures will be referred to hereafter as the top and bottom of the structure.

The core structure, as best seen in the fragmentary sectional view of FIG. 4, comprises a neoprene, rubber or other elastomer impregnated pile fabric havinginternal threads 16 joining the front andrear face members 12, 14, as also seen in FIG. 2. The internaltransverse threads 16 prevent the face members l2, 14 from tending to separate under the internal pressure and thus distort from the desired essentially flat configuration. The flat surfaces are maintained at 6 psi normal inflation pressures.

The peripheral edges of the twoface members 12, 14 are joined together along a continuous peripheral seam so that the outer edge of theshield 10 is slightly rounded.

An internal viewing aperture near the top of theshield 10 is defined by an internalrectangular margin 18 provided by joining the front andrear face members 12, 14 along an appropriate area, and then cutting out or otherwise excising the included material, this internal viewing aperture being covered by a transverse foraminous member such as ascreen 20. If greater protection is desired, the viewing aperture may be covered with glass ortransparent plastic 21 in place of or in addition to thescreen 20. In this example, thefront member 12 of theshield 10 is covered by an attached thickness of material comprising a puncture resistant and force distributingcover layer 22. A number of interposed protective layers may also be used for greater protection against puncturing, as described below. As is well known, internal puncture sealants may altematively or additionally be used.

On theback member 14, as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, means are provided for holding and manipulating theshield 10, comprising anarm loop 24 affixed to the back face bymounting pads 25, and a spaced apart handle 26 and associatedmounting disk 27.Snap fasteners 28 are used to detachably secure thearm loop 24 to at least one of themounting pads 25. Near the bottom of therear member 14 is mounted a manually actuablegas cartridge device 30 of standard commercial type of which many are available. Although only one cartridge is shown for simplicity, a dual or other multiple device may be used, in any event including an actuating device, such as a pull string (not shown in detail), which when pulled releases gas from thecartridge 30 through aconduit 31 into the interior of theshield 10. An oral or pumpinflatable valve 32 mounted near the bottom of the shield also couples to the interior of the shield for separate inflation. Three sets ofdetachable coupling fasteners 34 are mounted ondisks 36 on each side of the shield. The fasteners are chosen to pair with mating fasteners at the edges of adjacent shields to permit two or more shields to be fastened together to form a wall. Acloth cover 39 is disposed over the gas cartridge to protect against inadvertent actuation and damage.

To provide the desired combination of resiliency, physical strength and toughness, and resistance to puncturing, shock and abrasion in the deployed 153, it has been found advantageous to employ a commercially available pile fabric known as drop stitch fabric as the core structure for the shield, as best seen in enlarged fragmentary view in FIG. 4. Referring to that view, a unidirectionally extending mass oftransverse pile fibers 50 connects opposing parallel face layers 51, 52 which are impregnated with a syntheticrubber neoprene compound 43, 54, shown enlarged for greater clarity. One or more layers of neoprene coated ripstop nylon ballistic material 55 (three layers are illustrated) are affixed to thefront face member 12. These nylon cloth layers 55 are secured by aneoprene base cement 56 which fills between the warp and fill of the fibers. Acover layer 22 of ripstop nylon fabric coated on both sides with neoprene is cemented to the nylonballistic layers 55 on the front face member12 of theshield 10 and wraps around partially to the rear of theshield 10. This type of wall structure, with or without thecover layer 22, has sufficient body and rigidity when inflated, but is also suitably flexible and pliant when uninflated.

The configuration of theshield 10 when it is compacted in cylindrical form is shown in FIG. 5. As seen in FIG. 5, and also in FIGS. 13, a convenient, readily detachable but secure, fastening means is provided in the form of a pair ofstraps 40, 41 fastened to thefront face member 12 near the bottom edge of theshield 10. Pairs offastener pads 47, 48 are disposed on the front andrear face members 12, 14, respectively, of the shield, in the region of the free end of each strap (e.g., the strap 41) when it is on the corresponding side offace members 12 or 14. The facing surfaces of thesepads 47, 48 and the associated straps 40, 41 may be of a suitably adherent but nevertheless removable material such as that sold under the trademark Velcro. Thus, when theshield 10 is deployed, thestraps 40 and 41 are secured neatly to anadjacent pad 48. When theshield 10 is in the compacted position, it may be rolled into a cylinder and the exposed straps 40 and 41 may then be turned around the cylinder and affixed to an alignedVelcro pad 47, as shown in FIG. 5.

In the operation of the system of FIGS. I-S, theshield 10 is carried in the compacted position of FIG. 5 until a need for its use arises, at which point thestraps 40, 41 are removed from theVelcro pads 47 and the shield is rolled outwardly. Then the manuallyactuable cartridge device 30 is operated, quickly inflating theshield 10 to the deployed condition, the inflation time being of the order of three seconds. In such state, the shield is instantaneously ready for use. At an internal pressure of 6 psi the shield has flat surfaces, resists bending and distortion against direct and twisting forces, and can easily be manipulated.

When in use, theshield 10 has a combination of energy absorption and deflection properties that provide a high degree of security for the user. The combination of these properties, in a relatively light weight, compactible structure, is achieved for the first time in known systems by the present invention. A shield that has faces-that are excessively rigid would tend both to have to be excessively bulky and heavy and subject to fracture under impacting force. In addition, such structure would inherently present greater difficulty with respect to compaction. The face members of shields in accordance with the invention, however, differentially deform or distort in response to the impact of an object, distributing the'force of the object over substantially greater exposed areas without transmitting the shock to the rear wall or the user, so that the user receives only a cushioned impact. The structural rigidity of theshield 10 as a whole is such that objects impinging near the top, bottom, or sides of the shield do not cause bending or collapsing of the side of the shield, but instead deflect the objects away from the user. The toughness of the material of thebroad face members 12, 14 is sufficient for the great majority of instances of use. It is not intended to stop or deflect high velocity penetrating objects such as bullets or shrapnel with this structure.

Thefasteners 34 attached along the sides may be in terconnected to mate fasteners onadjacent shields 10 to form an emergency barrier. Thesnap fastener 28 for thehandle 24 provides a safety factor for the user, in that an excessive external twisting movement will cause thefastener 28 to release, preventing harm to the user.

Shields in accordance with the invention may be of the order of I-fii inches thick in the above example, and although size may be varied at will the given example is of ashield 24 inches wide and approximately 42 inches high. In this size, the shield weighs only approximately 7 pounds, but withstands punctures from virtually any thrown object, as well as manually applied forces with virtually no distortion. At the same time, the shield when inflated has sufficient buoyancy and stiffness to support the average sized man when floated.

In a separate example of a shield 10' in accordance with the invention, referring now to FIG. 6, the principal operative elements are as previously described. In this arrangement, however, the interior of theshield 10 is divided into distinct and separate interior chambers byinternal dividing walls 60, 61 and 62. The charging system for inflating the structure utilizes a cartridge device MD, as previously described, but also employs a plurality of one-way valves 65, 66, 67, 68 at least one of which is disposed in association with each of the interior chambers. A conduit system from the cartridge includes a principal branch 70 andside branches 71, 72, 73 and 74, each of which goes to a different one of the one-way valves 65-68, respectively. Similar conduit and valve arrangements may be used in pairs, as shown, although the arrangement need not be further described. Separate combination oral and pump valves 78-81 may also be employed for each of the internal chambers.

In this arrangement, actuation of thegas cartridge device 30 causes the chambers to be filled separately, although virtually simultaneously, and then in the event that any one of the chambers is punctured, the remainder of the chambers remain inflated, giving the user such protection as they afford.

In lieu of thepile fabric 50, 51, 52 used in the example shown in FIG. 4, and as illustrated in FIG. 7, a commercially available woven three dimensional cloth may be used. In this arrangement, loosely wovenlayers 82 are interwoven with and extend between spaced apart wovenpanels 83, 84 in the fashion taught by Koppelman U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,198. The interconnecting layers 82 are of a loose porous weave but maintain thepanels 83, 84 at a uniformly spaced distance when the shield is inflated, but allow them to readily collapse when the shield is not inflated. Because thelayers 82 are loosely woven, gas can readily pass through them during inflation and deflation. As in the example shown in FIG. 4, thelayers 83, 84 may be impregnated with a syntheticrubber neoprene compound 53, 54 and the front surface of the shield supports a puncture resistant barrier comprising three layers of cementednylon 55, 56 and acover layer 22.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, a shield may alternatively or additionally be fitted with appropriately placed tabs orloops 84 along opposite long sides of the front broad surface face member 12 (or the rearbroad surface 14 face member). Three spaced apart loops 83 are shown adjacent each margin of theshield 10. Theloops 84 define apertures for receiving night sticks 86 or other suitable implements which when placed between adjacent pairs of the loops 83 serve as handles to permit individuals on each side to carry theshield 10 in a horizontal orientation. When carried in this manner, theshield 10 is used as a stretcher or personnel support. Alternatively, an individual may be strapped to the inflated shield.

Although there have been described various modifications and variations in accordance with the invention, it will be appreciated that other modifications and exemplifications may be utilized within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A compactible shield comprising:

an inflatable body of flexible, gas impervious material, said material comprising elastomeric impregnated fabric, said body when inflated having a front face member substantially parallel to a rear face member, and including internal members joining said front face member and said rear face member, said front face member having a covering of at least one layer of flexible impact and puncture resistant material;

inflating means mounted on said rear face member of said body and operatively coupled to the interior of said body, said internal members being nonobstructive to the flow of an inflating gas in said bag for inflating the regions between said front and rear face members on opposite sides of said internal members; and

holding means mounted on said rear face member for manually holding and manipulating the shield.

2. The invention as set forth in claim 1 above, wherein said covering comprises at least two layers of elastomer impregnated fabric.

3. The invention as set forth inclaim 2 above, wherein said covering comprises three layers of neoprene coated nylon fabric, and adhesive means joining said layers, and further comprises cover layer means of ripstop nylon fabric coated on both sides with neoprene.

4. The invention as set forth in claim 1 above, including in addition binder strap means secured to at least one end thereof, and spaced apart detachable coupling means for the free end of said binder strap means attached to at least one of the face members of said body.

5. The invention as set forth in claim 11 above, wherein said binder strap means comprises a pair of spaced apart straps attached in the region of one end of said body, and said detachable coupling means comprises a pair of pads on each of the front and rear face members at regions spaced from the attachment points of said straps for detachably securing the free ends of the straps when the body is compacted and deployed respectively, the detachable couplings comprising coacting fasteners of the Velcro type.

' 6. A compactible protective shield comprising:

an inflatable body of flexible, gas impervious material, said material comprising pile fabric and having a substantially rectangular outline when inflated, said body when inflated having a front face member substantially parallel to a rear face member, and including a mass of pile fibres joining said front and rear face members, said body further including an interior margin joining said front and rear face members; A

inflating means mounted on said rear face member of said body and operatively coupled to the interior of said body; and

handle means mounted on said rear face member of said body.

"UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,7 5,93 Dated ly 7; 973

lnv n fl BRUCE E. HAIIIAJJAV ET AL It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below: I

Column 2,line 65, after "front" insert ---face---.

Column 3,line 5, after "back" insert --face-- Column 3,line 12, after rear" insert ----face---.

7 Column" 3,line 32, "153" should read condition---- y I Column 3, line IO, E3" should read ---53.

Column 5, line 38, delete "broad",Column 5,line 39, cancel "surface (first occurrence), l same line, cancel "broad surface 11;".

Column 5, line IO, after "member" insert -l same line "83" should read ---8 I--. m v

Column 5, line I I, the numeral "83" should read ---8 l-- Column 6,line 32, "claim ll" should read -c.laim L""'"- Signed and sealed this 8th day of January 1971;.

' (SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. RENE D. TEGTMEYER A'ttesting Officer Acting Commissioner of Patents Tm POIIOSO Holst) I I USCOMM-DC 60376-P69 I 9 UISI GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ill 0-Jli-Sll

Claims (6)

1. A compactible shield comprising: an inflatable body of flexible, gas impervious material, said material comprising elastomeric impregnated fabric, said body when inflated having a front face member substantially parallel to a rear face member, and including internal members joining said front face member and said rear face member, said front face member having a covering of at least one layer of flexible impact and puncture resistant material; inflating means mounted on said rear face member of said body and operatively coupled to the interior of said body, said internal members being nonobstructive to the flow of an inflating gas in said bag for inflating the regions between said front and rear face members on opposite sides of said internal members; and holding means mounted on said rear face member for manually holding and manipulating the shield.

2. The invention as set forth in claim 1 above, wherein said covering comprises at least two layers of elastomer impregnated fabric.

3. The invention as set forth in claim 2 above, wherein said covering comprises three layers of neoprene coated nylon fabric, and adhesive means joining said layers, and further comprises cover layer means of ripstop nylon fabric coated on both sides with neoprene.

4. The invention as set forth in claim 1 above, including in addition binder strap means secured to at least one end thereof, and spaced apart detachable coupling means for the free end of said binder strap means attached to at least one of the face members of said body.

5. The invention as set forth in claim 11 above, wherein said binder strap means comprises a pair of spaced apart straps attached in the region of one end of said body, and said detachable coupling means comprises a pair of pads on each of the front and rear face members at regions spaced from the attachment points of said straps for detachably securing the free ends of the straps when the body is compacted and deployed respectively, the detachable couplings comprising coacting fasteners of the Velcro type.

6. A compactible protective shield comprising: an inflatable body of flexible, gas impervious material, said material comprising pile fabric and having a substantially rectangular outline when inflated, said body when inflated having a front face member substantially parallel to a rear face member, and including a mass of pile fibres joining said front and rear face members, said body further including an interior margin joining said front and rear face members; inflating means mounted on said rear face member of said body and operatively coupled to the interior of said body; and handle means mounted on said rear face member of said body.

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