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US3700433A - Enhancement of transverse properties of directionally solidified superalloys - Google Patents

Enhancement of transverse properties of directionally solidified superalloys
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US3700433A
US3700433AUS161912AUS3700433DAUS3700433AUS 3700433 AUS3700433 AUS 3700433AUS 161912 AUS161912 AUS 161912AUS 3700433D AUS3700433D AUS 3700433DAUS 3700433 AUS3700433 AUS 3700433A
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percent
transverse
columnar
zirconium
properties
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US161912A
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David N Duhl
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RTX Corp
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United Aircraft Corp
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Abstract

THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COLUMNAR-GRAINED, NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS IN THE TRANSVERSE DIRECTION ARE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED BY THE ADDITION THERETO OF ABOUT 1 PERCENT ZICONIUM.

Description

United States Patent 3,700,433 ENHANCEMENT 0F TRANSVERSE PROPERTIES OF DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED SUPERALLOYS David N. Duhl, Newington, Couu., assignor to United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn. No Drawing. Filed July 12, 1971, Ser. No. 161,912 Int. Cl. C22c 19/00 US. Cl. 148-325 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The mechanical properties of the columnar-grained, nickel-base superalloys in the transverse direction are significantly improved by the addition thereto of about 1 percent zirconium.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in general to the nickelbase superalloys particularly as unidirectionally solidified into columnar-grained castings.
In the patent to VerSnyder 3,260,505, of common assignee with the present invention, reference is made to the production of castings, such as turbine blades, by unidirectional solidification techniques. Castings so pro duced have an elongated, columnar macro-grain structure with substantially unidirectional crystals aligned therein; that is, with a columnar structure in the castings. As a turbine blade, the grain boundaries are oriented to be substantially parallel to the principal stress axis of the blades, and there is an almost complete elimination of grain boundaries normal to this stress axis.
The mechanical properties of the columnar grain casting, including both strength and ductility, parallel to the columnar grains are superior to those obtainable by conventional casting. The mechanical properties in the transverse direction, however, viz perpendicular to the columnar grains, are not as high as those in the longitudinal direction. With current developments in cooled turbine hardware and the related thermal stresses incident thereto strength improvements in the transverse properties of directionally-solidified castings are very desirable.
A particularly desirable alloy for turbine blade applications is that referred to in the VerSnyder patent as SM- 200 (now known as MAR-M200), having a nominal chemical composition of, by weight, 9 percent chromium, 10 percent cobalt, 12.5 percent tungsten, 1 percent columbium, percent aluminum, 2 percent titanium, 1.5 percent iron, 0.015 percent boron, 0.05 percent zirconium, 0.15 percent carbon, balance essentially nickel. In the patent to Gell et al. 3,567,526, the substantial elimination of carbon is recommended.
As hereinafter discussed in greater detail, the present invention contemplates the inclusion of about 1 percent zirconium in nickel-base superalloy castings characterized by a columnar grained microstructure. It is known in the art that the hot workability of alloys may sometimes be improved by the addition of zirconium, cerium, hafnium or yttrium, as indicated in an article entitled A New Approach to the Problem of the Workability of Nickel- Chromium Alloys, Parry et al., Journal of the Institute of Metals (1969), vol. 97. Furthermore, certain prior art compositions, such as those referred to in the patent to Freche et al., 3,276,866, frequently describe zirconium contents of up to two percent when referring to alloys "ice having sufiicient ductility to facilitate fabrication of the alloy into sheet. In describing the alloy, designated WAZ- 20, the above inventors in the report NASA TN D-5352 available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information observe that zirconium and trace amounts of other elements were picked up from the crucible during induction melting.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention contemplates the inclusion of about 1 weight percent zirconium to the nickel-base superalloy castings characterized by a columnar grained microstructure resultant from controlled unidirectional solidification techniques, to provide improved mechanical properties transverse to the direction of columnar grain alignment.
A maximum zirconium content of about 1.25 weight percent is required with the advantageous results being obtained within the zirconium content range of about 0.75-1.25 percent.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The nickel-base superalloys are recognized as those having high strengths at high temperatures such as those associated with the hot section of gas turbine engines. It is from this class of alloys that blades and vanes for use in gas turbine engines are preferably formed. As a class, these alloys are usually characterized by the inclusion of aluminum and/or titanium to promote the formation of the Ni (Ti,Al) intermetallic (7' phase), strengthening a nickel-chromium solid solution matrix. These alloys also normally contain elements like cobalt, and the refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, etc. Typical of such superalloys are those referred to in the VerSnyder patent.
The addiiton of zirconium to the directionally solidified alloy casting will significantly improve its properties in a direction transverse to the growth direction. Illustrative of this effect is the enhancement of transverse properties to the MAR-M200 alloy resultant from the addition of 1 percent zirconium as shown in Table I. At 1400" F. (ductility minimum in this alloy) the increase in creep is most striking while at 1800 F. the creep elongation is enhanced. The significant increase in 1400 F. properties is most desirable in gas turbine hardware. It will also be noted that at a zirconium content of 1.3 weight percent, the transverse properties are inferior even to the basic MAR-M200 composition which for the purposes of the TABLE I Weight percent Zirconium (PWA 664) 0.8 1.15 1.3
Test F/K s.i. Life Percent E Life Percent E Life Percent E Lite Percent E A. Transverse:
1,400/100 i 1 2.8 224.5 5. 7 B.O.L. 1,800/25. 49 1. 3 2. 3 1,800] 40 1.3 5. 1 B. Longitudinal:
l B.O.L.=broke on loading.
With the zirconium addition, the transverse properties of the directionally-solidified columnar-grained castings have been brought to strength levels in the transverse plane approaching the strengths in the longitudinal direction, thereby reducing the extent of anisotropy in ductility and strength therein. Furthermore, consonant with the transverse property improvement, the desirable longitudinal proper-ties of the columnar-grained material (enhanced thermal fatigue resistance, enhanced longitudinal creep properties and decreased longitudinal modulus) are still retained.
The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific steps, process and compositions shown and described but departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the appended claims without departure from the principles of the invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.
What is claimed is:
1. In the production of a columnar-grained cast article by the unidirectional solidification of a nickel-base superalloy, the method of improving the mechanical properties transverse to the alignment of the columnar grains which comprises incorporating 0.75-1.25 weight percent zirconium in the superalloy composition.
2. As an article of manufacture, a cast article comprisa nickel-base superalloy containing about 0.75-1.25
weight percent zirconium characterized by a columnar grained microstructure with the columnar grains substantially aligned parallel to the principal stress axis of the article and characterized further by strength and creep properties transverse to said stress axis approaching those parallel thereto.
3. As an article of manufacture, a cast article comprising:
a superalloy which consists essentially of, by weight, about 9 percent chromium, 10 percent cobalt, 12.5 percent tungsten, 1 percent columbium, 2 percent titanium, 5 percent aluminum, 1 percent zirconium, up to about 0.20 percent carbon, 0.02 percent boron, balance substantially nickel, characterized by a columnar grained microstructure with the columnar grains substantially aligned parallel to the principal stress axis of the article and characterized further by strength and creep properties transverse to said stress axis approaching those parallel thereto.
4. A cast article according to claim 3 wherein:
the cast article is a gas contacting blade.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,260,505 7/1966 VerSnyder -171 RICHARD O. DEAN, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
US161912A1971-07-121971-07-12Enhancement of transverse properties of directionally solidified superalloysExpired - LifetimeUS3700433A (en)

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US16191271A1971-07-121971-07-12

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AU (1)AU461071B2 (en)
CA (1)CA958252A (en)
CH (1)CH552678A (en)
DE (1)DE2223455A1 (en)
FR (1)FR2145916A5 (en)
GB (1)GB1359938A (en)
IL (1)IL39127A (en)
IT (1)IT962731B (en)
NL (1)NL7206795A (en)
SE (1)SE377136B (en)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
US4915907A (en)*1986-04-031990-04-10United Technologies CorporationSingle crystal articles having reduced anisotropy
US5055383A (en)*1988-11-171991-10-08International Business Machines CorporationProcess for making masks with structures in the submicron range
US20030145977A1 (en)*2000-01-192003-08-07Smashey Russell W.Directionally solidified superalloy weld wire
US7624487B2 (en)2003-05-132009-12-01Quill Medical, Inc.Apparatus and method for forming barbs on a suture
US7806908B2 (en)1993-05-032010-10-05Quill Medical, Inc.Barbed tissue connector
US20100298871A1 (en)*2004-05-142010-11-25Quill Medical, Inc.Self-retaining wound closure device including an anchoring loop
US7857829B2 (en)2001-06-292010-12-28Quill Medical, Inc.Suture method
US7913365B2 (en)2001-08-312011-03-29Quill Medical, Inc.Method of forming barbs on a suture and apparatus for performing same
US8083770B2 (en)2002-08-092011-12-27Quill Medical, Inc.Suture anchor and method
US8641732B1 (en)2008-02-262014-02-04Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining suture with variable dimension filament and method
US8721681B2 (en)2002-09-302014-05-13Ethicon, Inc.Barbed suture in combination with surgical needle
US8734485B2 (en)2002-09-302014-05-27Ethicon, Inc.Sutures with barbs that overlap and cover projections
US8771313B2 (en)2007-12-192014-07-08Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining sutures with heat-contact mediated retainers
US8777987B2 (en)2007-09-272014-07-15Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining sutures including tissue retainers having improved strength
US8793863B2 (en)2007-04-132014-08-05Ethicon, Inc.Method and apparatus for forming retainers on a suture
US8876865B2 (en)2008-04-152014-11-04Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining sutures with bi-directional retainers or uni-directional retainers
US8875607B2 (en)2008-01-302014-11-04Ethicon, Inc.Apparatus and method for forming self-retaining sutures
US8932328B2 (en)2008-11-032015-01-13Ethicon, Inc.Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
US8961560B2 (en)2008-05-162015-02-24Ethicon, Inc.Bidirectional self-retaining sutures with laser-marked and/or non-laser marked indicia and methods
USRE45426E1 (en)1997-05-212015-03-17Ethicon, Inc.Surgical methods using one-way suture
US9675341B2 (en)2010-11-092017-06-13Ethicon Inc.Emergency self-retaining sutures and packaging
US10188384B2 (en)2011-06-062019-01-29Ethicon, Inc.Methods and devices for soft palate tissue elevation procedures
US10492780B2 (en)2011-03-232019-12-03Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining variable loop sutures

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
US4115112A (en)*1977-07-211978-09-19General Electric CompanyCobalt-base alloy and article

Cited By (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication numberPriority datePublication dateAssigneeTitle
US4915907A (en)*1986-04-031990-04-10United Technologies CorporationSingle crystal articles having reduced anisotropy
US5055383A (en)*1988-11-171991-10-08International Business Machines CorporationProcess for making masks with structures in the submicron range
US7806908B2 (en)1993-05-032010-10-05Quill Medical, Inc.Barbed tissue connector
US8246652B2 (en)1993-05-032012-08-21Ethicon, Inc.Suture with a pointed end and an anchor end and with equally spaced yieldable tissue grasping barbs located at successive axial locations
USRE45426E1 (en)1997-05-212015-03-17Ethicon, Inc.Surgical methods using one-way suture
US8466389B2 (en)*2000-01-192013-06-18General Electric CompanyDirectionally solidified superalloy weld wire
US20030145977A1 (en)*2000-01-192003-08-07Smashey Russell W.Directionally solidified superalloy weld wire
US7857829B2 (en)2001-06-292010-12-28Quill Medical, Inc.Suture method
US8764776B2 (en)2001-06-292014-07-01Ethicon, Inc.Anastomosis method using self-retaining sutures
US8764796B2 (en)2001-06-292014-07-01Ethicon, Inc.Suture method
US8747437B2 (en)2001-06-292014-06-10Ethicon, Inc.Continuous stitch wound closure utilizing one-way suture
US8777989B2 (en)2001-06-292014-07-15Ethicon, Inc.Subcutaneous sinusoidal wound closure utilizing one-way suture
US8777988B2 (en)2001-06-292014-07-15Ethicon, Inc.Methods for using self-retaining sutures in endoscopic procedures
US8926659B2 (en)2001-08-312015-01-06Ethicon, Inc.Barbed suture created having barbs defined by variable-angle cut
US8028387B2 (en)2001-08-312011-10-04Quill Medical, Inc.System for supporting and cutting suture thread to create tissue retainers thereon
US8028388B2 (en)2001-08-312011-10-04Quill Medical, Inc.System for cutting a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
US8020263B2 (en)2001-08-312011-09-20Quill Medical, Inc.Automated system for cutting tissue retainers on a suture
US8015678B2 (en)2001-08-312011-09-13Quill Medical, Inc.Method for cutting a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
US8011072B2 (en)2001-08-312011-09-06Quill Medical, Inc.Method for variable-angle cutting of a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
US7996967B2 (en)2001-08-312011-08-16Quill Medical, Inc.System for variable-angle cutting of a suture to create tissue retainers of a desired shape and size
US7996968B2 (en)2001-08-312011-08-16Quill Medical, Inc.Automated method for cutting tissue retainers on a suture
US7913365B2 (en)2001-08-312011-03-29Quill Medical, Inc.Method of forming barbs on a suture and apparatus for performing same
US8734486B2 (en)2002-08-092014-05-27Ethicon, Inc.Multiple suture thread configuration with an intermediate connector
US8083770B2 (en)2002-08-092011-12-27Quill Medical, Inc.Suture anchor and method
US8652170B2 (en)2002-08-092014-02-18Ethicon, Inc.Double ended barbed suture with an intermediate body
US8690914B2 (en)2002-08-092014-04-08Ethicon, Inc.Suture with an intermediate barbed body
US8679158B2 (en)2002-08-092014-03-25Ethicon, Inc.Multiple suture thread configuration with an intermediate connector
US8721681B2 (en)2002-09-302014-05-13Ethicon, Inc.Barbed suture in combination with surgical needle
US8734485B2 (en)2002-09-302014-05-27Ethicon, Inc.Sutures with barbs that overlap and cover projections
US8795332B2 (en)2002-09-302014-08-05Ethicon, Inc.Barbed sutures
US7624487B2 (en)2003-05-132009-12-01Quill Medical, Inc.Apparatus and method for forming barbs on a suture
US8032996B2 (en)2003-05-132011-10-11Quill Medical, Inc.Apparatus for forming barbs on a suture
US20100298871A1 (en)*2004-05-142010-11-25Quill Medical, Inc.Self-retaining wound closure device including an anchoring loop
US11723654B2 (en)2004-05-142023-08-15Ethicon, Inc.Suture methods and devices
US10548592B2 (en)2004-05-142020-02-04Ethicon, Inc.Suture methods and devices
US10779815B2 (en)2004-05-142020-09-22Ethicon, Inc.Suture methods and devices
US8721664B2 (en)2004-05-142014-05-13Ethicon, Inc.Suture methods and devices
US8793863B2 (en)2007-04-132014-08-05Ethicon, Inc.Method and apparatus for forming retainers on a suture
US8915943B2 (en)2007-04-132014-12-23Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining systems for surgical procedures
US8777987B2 (en)2007-09-272014-07-15Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining sutures including tissue retainers having improved strength
US9498893B2 (en)2007-09-272016-11-22Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining sutures including tissue retainers having improved strength
US8771313B2 (en)2007-12-192014-07-08Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining sutures with heat-contact mediated retainers
US8875607B2 (en)2008-01-302014-11-04Ethicon, Inc.Apparatus and method for forming self-retaining sutures
US8641732B1 (en)2008-02-262014-02-04Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining suture with variable dimension filament and method
US8876865B2 (en)2008-04-152014-11-04Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining sutures with bi-directional retainers or uni-directional retainers
US8961560B2 (en)2008-05-162015-02-24Ethicon, Inc.Bidirectional self-retaining sutures with laser-marked and/or non-laser marked indicia and methods
US10441270B2 (en)2008-11-032019-10-15Ethicon, Inc.Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
US8932328B2 (en)2008-11-032015-01-13Ethicon, Inc.Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
US11234689B2 (en)2008-11-032022-02-01Ethicon, Inc.Length of self-retaining suture and method and device for using the same
US9675341B2 (en)2010-11-092017-06-13Ethicon Inc.Emergency self-retaining sutures and packaging
US10492780B2 (en)2011-03-232019-12-03Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining variable loop sutures
US11690614B2 (en)2011-03-232023-07-04Ethicon, Inc.Self-retaining variable loop sutures
US10188384B2 (en)2011-06-062019-01-29Ethicon, Inc.Methods and devices for soft palate tissue elevation procedures

Also Published As

Publication numberPublication date
IL39127A0 (en)1972-08-30
CH552678A (en)1974-08-15
CA958252A (en)1974-11-26
SE377136B (en)1975-06-23
IT962731B (en)1973-12-31
AU4084172A (en)1973-10-11
NL7206795A (en)1973-01-16
IL39127A (en)1975-07-28
FR2145916A5 (en)1973-02-23
GB1359938A (en)1974-07-17
DE2223455A1 (en)1973-01-25
AU461071B2 (en)1975-04-29

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