US3637221A - Audiovisual educational apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

An audiovisual educational apparatus employing a disc record having audio messages recorded in spaced relationship and film strips mounted on an image carrier. The movement of a tone arm is synchronized with the position of the image carrier so that the images are positively correlated with the audio messages. A response mechanism for registering choices to the questions and/or instructions presented includes a series of pins which are adapted to be selectively inserted through holes or slots in coded sections on the control card to either hold or allow controlled advancement of the card relative to a display station.

Description

United States Patent Geils et al. 51 Jan. 25, 1972 54] AUDIOVISUAL EDUCATIONAL 3,289,325 12/1966 Shreck .35/350 APPARATUS 3,344,709 10/1967 Taylor 253/111 3,433,486 3/1969 Kawaharazaki ..274/15 72] Inventors: Alfred E. Geils, Prospect Heights; William J. Raymond, Des Plaines; Richard W. Roberts, Lombard; Peter K. Shreck, Mt.

Prospect, all of I11,

Bay-Warner Corporation, Chicago, 1]].

Oct. 8, 1969 Division of Ser. No. 615,547, Feb. 13, 1967, Pat. No. 3,483,633.

US. Cl. ..274/9 R Int. Cl. ..G1lb 17/00 Field of Search ..353/l6l8; 274/1,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,129,007 Mesdazh ..274/l5 Primary ExaminerHarry N. Haroian Att0rney-Donald W. Banner, Lyle S. Motley, C. G. Stallings and William S. McCurry [57] ABSTRACT An audiovisual educational apparatus employing a disc record having audio messages recorded in spaced relationship and film strips mounted on an image carrier. The movement of a tone arm is synchronized with the position of the image carrier so that the images are positively correlated with the audio messages. A response mechanism for registering choices to the questions and/or instructions presented includes a series of pins which are adapted to be selectively inserted through holes or slots in coded sections on the control card to either hold or allow controlled advancement of the card relative to a display station.

3 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures mama M25 1972 Bag 37,221

8534 M 2330mm PATENTED JANZS I972 VOLUME CONTROL mm 9 mg-a INVENTORS 19/67/4195 W ROM/Q75 P575? K SAKECK ATTORNEY PATENTEDJANZSISTZ $372M sum m w ATTOFZN EV smmzm PATENTED M25 1972 INVENTORB Alf-W50 .5 65/1. 5

ATTORNEY PATENTEU JANZS s72 INVENTORS ALFFED 5 65/4 5 AT'TO EH EY AUDIOVISUAL EDUCATIONAL APPARATUS This application is a division of Ser. No. 615,547 filed Feb. 13, 1967,nowU.S. Pat. No. 3,483,633.

SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates generally to educational devices and more particularly to audiovisual teaching apparatus having a response mechanism which the student is required to actuate in response to information or instructions presented aurally and/or visually.

With the heavy emphasis being placed on education in recent years, particularly in the areas of preprimary and primary instruction, there has been a great need for self-tutoring devices which meet the following requirements:

1. Ability to use low-cost programs to facilitate general acceptance and usage.

2. Uncomplicated construction for substantially maintenance-free operation.

3. Ability to be operated by young children with only minimal supervision.

4. Versatility to permit use of a variety of program formats in different disciplines, such as language arts, mathematics, music, etc.

In the present state of the art, there are very few devices which appear to satisfy the above-listed requirements. On the one hand, there are extremely complex (and costly) instructional devices, such as the O. K. Moore self-tutoring typewriter described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,1 12,569 and the Uttal system described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,121,960; and on the other hand, there is a variety of relatively low-cost educational devices, most of which are not sufficiently versatile to satisfy the minimum requirements for effective educational tools, particularly with reference to their use by small children. In this latter category, there are devices which merely present audiovisual information in sequential fashion without requiring any response by the operator, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,138,061 and the nonaudio, response devices, such as shown for example in U.S. Pat. No. 3,052,041.

Since program costs must be considered in evaluating the overall usefulness of any particular educational device, one of the most important objectives is to provide a program which contains as much information as possible and which can be manufactured by conventional techniques at low cost. The present invention employs a low cost, grooved record disc for the audio component and standard (35 mm., 16 mm. or 8 mm.) film strip for the visual component. This particular combination is thus well adapted for conventional mass production methods without having to resort to more specialized and sophisticated technology.

The basic concept to be described in more detail below resides in the combination of: (1) an audio component comprising a plurality of spaced audio messages recorded on a suitable medium, (2) a responder mechanism which is operated by the student to register his response to information and/or questions presented in the program; (3) a combined programming means and visual component including; (a) visual images corresponding to the audio messages and (b) code means cooperating with the responder mechanism which selectively holds or permits a controlled advance of the program depending on the particular response; and (4) an audio reproduction system including an audio pickup cooperating with said audio component and adapted to select and reproduce individual messages to correspond with the images.

Positive synchronization between the audio and the visual components is assured by coordinating the position of, an audio pickup relative to the record with the position of the images relative to a display station. Selective advancement of the combined programming means and visual component (referred to hereinafter as the control card) is effected, in turn, by mechanical cooperation between the responder mechanism and the code means carried by the control card. During normal operation of the apparatus, a correct response will allow the control card to index to the next position so that an adjacent image is located at the display station; but an incorrect response will prevent advance and will repeat the audio message. Moreover, the code means may be modified to provide program branching," i.e., the preprogramming of supplementary information which is presented when an incorrect response choice is made by the student. This supplementary information is bypassed by advancing the control card more than one space if a correct response choice is registered. The apparatus also contains a number of additional features which may be utilized on other types of audio and/or visual devices and which may not necessarily require a response mechanism.

It is, therefore, a principal object of the invention to provide an improved audiovisual educational apparatus.

Another object of the invention is to assure positive synchronization between the audio component and the visual component in an audiovisual apparatus so that the images and audio messages always correspond, even during rapid scan of the program.

Another object of the invention is to provide an educational device which permits branching during a program to provide supplemental information to the student in case of an incorrect response.

Another object of the invention is to provide an audiovisual apparatus adapted to use programs which can be manufactured at relatively low cost.

Another object of the invention is to provide a program in which opposite sides of both the audio and the visual components can be used to store information with the corresponding sides being color coded to give the operator a visual stimulus for proper coordination.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved audio record which allows large tolerances in the audio pickup locating and track (message) selection mechanism.

Another object is to provide an improved mechanism for positioning a disc record onto a turntable.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a sim' plifled control system which will repeat a message in the case of an incorrect response choice and will automatically advance the program upon a correct response choice.

Additional objects and advantages will be apparent from reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a pictorial or schematic representation of the principal components in the apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the audio component;

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the combination visual component and coding element, sometimes referred to as the control card;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit;

FIG. 5 is a front elevation view, partlly broken away and in cross section, of a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross section taken along the plane of line 6-6 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross section taken along the plane of line 7-7 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a cross section taken along the plane of line 8-8 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a detailed cross section illustrating the mechanism for controlling the vertical movement of the tone arm; and

FIG. is a detailed cross section view showing the pin guide and support assembly.

Before beginning a description of the actual construction and operation of the device, it should be pointed out that there are many different alternative arrangements which will be obvious to anyone skilled in the recording and optical art. Consequently, the various terms used herein, such as audio pickup, are intended to cover a wide variety of electrical, mechanical and optical means for translating recorded information into aurally sensible information to the operator. For example, in the disc recording art, there are at least four main types of audio pickups, e.g., ceramic, magnetic, crystal and pure mechanical. Obviously, the choice of one or the other of these pickups would be governed by considerations of a trade off between the quality of reproduction desired and cost.

To guide those skilled in the art in selection of various equivalents, the following glossary is provided to define the various terms used frequently throughout the specification and claims herein. It should be understood that this is primarily for the purpose of facilitating a complete understanding of the invention, and it is not intended that the terms be strictly limited to the specific definitions recited.

PROGRAM Any intelligence, regardless of the purpose for which such intelligence is to be employed, e.g., educational, instructional, or entertainment, for communication to the operator, said intelligence being capable of being divided into a predetermined number of discrete segments for presentation to the operator in a nonrandom fashion. The term discrete segments is not to be limited to a single visual image presented in conjunction with a single audio message, but may also include more than one audio message corresponding to a single visual image or more than one visual image corresponding to a single audio message.

IMAGE Any pictorial representation, symbol, written matter, alone or in combination with each other, for communicating intelligence to the operator through his visual senses.

AUDIO COMPONENT OF PROGRAM Any suitable medium having one or more messages recorded thereon by any means, such as optical, magnetic, or embossed recording techniques. The record medium may take many forms but the most common would be the disc-type record, a cylindrical drum, or a flexible belt of the type used in dictating apparatus. If magnetic recording techniques are employed, the recording media may be any suitable support for a magnetic iron oxide coating.

AUDIO MESSAGE The audio message is any meaningful intelligence which is capable of being recorded and reproduced by an appropriate audio reproduction system including a pickup.

AUDIO REPRODUCTION SYSTEM Any means which is adapted to cooperate with the audio component of the program unit to convert the recorded messages into intelligence capable of being understood by the operator through his aural senses. In a conventional system, this would include an audio pickup of a type capable of deriving a signal from the particular form of recorded audio information; and an amplifier to amplify the signal generated by the pickup to power level which can drive a transducer, such as a loudspeaker, to convert the amplified signal to an audible signal. This would also include simple mechanical systems for direct conversion of the recorded information into sound, e.g., a diaphragm mechanically connected to a record stylus.

VISUAL COMPONENT OF PROGRAM The combination of a plurality of discrete images adapted to be selectively presented to the operator and means for supporting the images in a predetermined pattern.

RESPON DER MECHANISM Any device capable of being used to register a response by the operator. This response may be cued by direct instructions, thereby omitting a choice, or by posing a question which may be answered by selection of various alternatives.

CODE

Any means for distinguishing a correct response from an in correct response for coordinating the registered response with the advance of the program so that the selection of an incorrect response produces one result and the selection of a correct choice produces another result.

VISUAL DISPLAY STATION A discrete point or location with respect to which the visual intelligence is brought into some predetermined spatial relationship so that such intelligence is communicated to the operator. The images may be viewed directly at the display station or projected from the display station to another location for viewing.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION Referring first to FIG. 1, which is a schematic or pictorial representation of the main functional components in the system, the instructional program is comprised of an audio component A and a visual component B. The audio component is preferably in the form of a record disc or platter adapted to be supported on a turntable which is driven by drive means C. An audio reproduction system D, including a movable audio pickup is adapted to select and play back different recorded messages on the record which correspond to images in the visual component.

The visual component B, comprising a series of individual images, is integrated with a code E on a suitable support. For convenience, the support which carries both the images and the code will be referred to hereinafter as the control card and designated at F. A responder mechanism G which is used by the operator to register. responses to instructions and/or questions presented in the program is adapted to coact with code means E for selectively holding or allowing controlled advance of the control card F.

Movement of the control card with respect to a display station H is positively synchronized with the movement of the audio pickup for selection of a particular recorded message thereon to correspond to the image appearing at the display station; and although the images could be presented for direct viewing at the display station, it is more practical to project them to a different location through an optical system J. Program advance mechanism K cooperates with means L for effecting relative movement between the control card and the display station I-I, said means including a sprocket wheel for engaging the control card to constitute a form of rack and pinion drive system.

THE AUDIO COMPONENT A plan view of the audio component A is illustrated in FIG. 2. In the preferred embodiment, this takes the form of a disctype, grooved record in which the various messages are recorded in a continuous spiral path and arranged in concentric groups. The record platter 10 is provided with acentral opening 12 for reception of the center spindle on the turntable and a locating hole 14 spaced radially from the axis of rotation. In the operation of the unit, each individual message begins and ends by the time a single revolution of the record has been completed. In other words, the record (and the turntable) must always return to a central or home" position in preparation for the next message. This message start (and finish) position is indicated by a dottedline 16 following the arcuate travel path of the audio pickup.

An important feature of the invention is a system of recording the messages to permit considerable latitude in locating the audio pickup when it drops onto the record. This is accomplished by recording identical messages within the same band. To illustrate, the bands at 18a, 18b, etc., each consist of a plurality of identical messages-10 to 30recorded in adjacent tracks. The pickup stylus can therefore be dropped anywhere within the band and still play back the correct message when the turntable is driven through its single revolution. The next message, recorded in an adjacent band, is reproduced by shifting the pickup radially and dropping it anywhere within said band. It should be understood that a particular message need not take up the entire space available within the one revolution track; but each of the identical messages recorded within a given band will normally begin and end at the same radial location.

CONTROL CARD The control card combines several functions: (1) a support for the visual images; (2) means forming an essential part of the synchronization mechanism; and (3) a means for incorporating the code, which in cooperation with the responder mechanism, determines the frame-to-frame advance of the program. As shown in FIG. 3 the control card F is in the form of an elongated, generally rectangularpaddle having projections 22 at one end to function as a stop for locating the card when it is placed in an operative position with respect to the display station. The programs are divided into two sections so that one set of images corresponds to the messages recorded on opposite sides of the record. The control card and record are then inverted after the first section of the program has been completed. Accordingly, each functional element associated with the control card is one of a pair.

Along the upper and lower edges of the control card are lines ofsprocket holes 24a, 24b which cooperate with the program advance mechanism to provide indexing movement to the card during operation of the machine. The images are arranged on opposite sides of the card centerline, preferably in the form of a pair offilm strips 26a, 26b which may be standard mm., 16 mm. or 8 mm.) film adapted for through projection onto a display screen.

Twocoded areas 28a, 2812 are located between the sprocket holes and the film strips. The code comprises a plurality of aperture groups, the number of groups being equal (with certain exceptions) to the number of images in each film strip, and the number of apertures in each group being equal to the number of response keys in the responder mechanism. It will be noted that certain of the apertures are circular (holes) and others are elongated (slots). Actuation of the responder mechanism selectively inserts a pin or other means for interfering with card movement through one of the holes or slots. When one ofthe pins is in ahole 30 the card cannot be moved; but when it is in aslot 32 the card can travel a distance equal to the length of the slot. The specific coaction between the code and the responder will be discussed in more detail below.

CONSTRUCTION OF AUDIOVISUAL DEVICE The construction of a preferred embodiment of the audiovisual apparatus adapted to use the program components described above is shown in FIGS. 4 to 111. As an aid to a complete understanding of the invention, the following description will be organized in three main parts: (I) a general description of the housing and the location of the principal components within the housing; (2) a detailed description of the various subassemblies; and (3) a description of the operation.

HOUSING A main housing, generally designated at N, comprises a rigid frame for supporting the operating mechanism and an external appearance cover 41 to enclose such mechanism and the record-control card components of the program during operation of the device. The frame includes abase 42 and aplatform 43 attached to the base and spaced therefrom by a plurality of legs M. The appearance cover 451 comprises afront wall 45,top wall 66, sidewalls 47,4l8 and arear wall 49.

The upper part of the housing N contains a turntable assembly P carried by the platform and a record tray assembly Q. A rear projection display screen is located on the front wall of the housing for convenient viewing of the images by the operator; and immediately underneath the screen is the responder mechanism G which includes aconsole 51 with a set ofresponse keys 52a, 52b, 52c, 52:1, 522 adapted to be manipulated by the student to register his responses to questions and/or instructions in the program.

At the lower right-hand portion of thefront wall 45 is a vertical slot 53 which is adapted to receive the control card F. As the control card is inserted into the slot, thesprocket holes 24a(b) along the edge engage and receive the teeth on asprocket wheel 54 which cooperates with a tone arm position control mechanism to synchronize the audio messages with the images in registration with the display station H.

THE TURNTABLE AND RECORD TRAY ASSEMBLIES The upper portion of the front wall of the housing N is provided with an access opening 56 to permit removal (and insertion) of the record from the turntable P. To facilitate this manipulation, a record tray assembly Q is provided, said record tray being operative to automatically locate the record with respect to the center spindle on the turntable. The tray is also mounted for pivotal movement so that it may be lifted clear of the center spindle (and a locating pin) and the tone arm during any transfer of a record onto or off the turntable.

As shown best in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, the tray comprises upper andlower parts 57,58 joined on three sides and dished in the center at 59,60 to define a generallycircular pocket 61 for the reception of the record. Theopen side 62 of the tray faces the front of the housing and is generally aligned with the access opening. The entire tray is pivoted on a pair ofbrackets 63,64 attached to the platform at the rear of the housing.

The front end of the tray is adapted to be lifted to allow the record to clear the turntable and the tone arm at the same time that a closure for the access opening is shifted from a closed position to an open position. It will be noted that theclosure 65 is supported at the end of twoelongated arms 66,67 pivotally supported on the platform at 68,69. The lifting action is accomplished by the use of a pair of bistable rocker links 70 (only the left'hand link being shown) attached to the platform on opposite sides of the tray. Afirst pin 72, secured to the front end of the link, extends through aslot 73 in thearm 66. Another pin 74 at the opposite end of each link extends through aslot 75 in abracket 76 attached to the tray. When the closure (and the arms) are pushed down to the open position, each link pivots in such a way that the tray is lifted. A pair ofsprings 77 holds the closure in the open and closed positions by an overcentering (locking) action.

The upper section of the tray is formed with alarge wedgeshaped opening 80 defined by an upstanding reinforcingrib 81. This opening permits clearance for the tone arm as it swings in its normal arcuate path across the record. The bottom section of the tray has a large, circular opening 82 with a diameter slightly larger than the turntable, but smaller than the diameter of the record so that it can support it at its periphery while loading and unloading.

The turntable P is supported in abearing 83 mounted onplatform 43 and has acenter spindle 84 extending above the plane of the upper surface thereof. Acushion 86 may be provided on the upper surface to prevent damage to the record when dropped onto the turntable and also to prevent slippage between the turntable and the record. Although any conventional turntable drive system may be used, the drive means C (See FIG. 7) comprises anelectric motor 87 and a friction drive roller 88 engaging therim 89 of the turntable. The respective diameters of the motor shaft: 90 and theturntable rim 89 are selected so that the turntable is driven at about 15-20 r.p.m. (preferably at 16-2/3 rpm.) to give satisfactory audio reproduction and a message length of up to 3 to 4 seconds. The drive roller 88, mounted on bracket 91, is spring loaded (by means not shown) into driving engagement with both the shaft and the rim.

As pointed out above, each audio message is completed within a single revolution of the record. In order to control the movement of the turntable, a turntable stop is provided which is adapted to arrest the turntable at a predetermined point after a single revolution and prevent further movement until the stop is released. The stop mechanism, designated generally at R, comprises a bell crank lever 92 having anarm 92a engageable with a radially inwardly extendingtab 93 secured to theturntable rim 89. The actuation of the stop will be discussed in more detail below in connection with the control system.

Additional control features associated with the turntable include a pair ofcams 94 and 95 which respectively operate amicroswitch 96 in the control circuit and a tone arm lift mechanism S. The two cams are located at different levels with respect to the turntable rim so that actuation of their respective cam followers is selective.

A novel aspect of the invention is the particular locating mechanism which assures accurate placement of the record onto the turntable. Since all the messages begin and end at a particular point on the record (indicated at 16 on FIG. 2), it is necessary to make sure that the program is started with the record properly aligned with respect to the turntable. This is accomplished by means of a locating mechanism, designated at T, which will hold the record stationary until a locating pin on the turntable finds the corresponding locating hole 14 on the record. As best shown in FIG. 6, aU-shaped bracket 98 havingarms 98a, 98b extending upwardly is carried on thecenter spindle 84 and rotatable with the turntable. A locatingpin 99 on onearm 98a is adapted to project through aferrule 100 in the turntable and the locating hole 14 in the record. Arm 98b carries record engaging means in the form of aroller 101 journaled for rotation along axis normal to the center spindle. The shape ofbracket 98 is such that when one arm is at or below the plane of the record, the other arm will project above the plane of the record with thepivot point 102 being below said plane and approximately on the rotational axis of said record. When the tray is lowered with the record, thetray pocket 61 will hold the record so that thecenter hole 12 will be aligned with thespindle 84. Normally, the locating hole 14 will not be aligned with the locating pin; and since the locating pin cannot project through the locating hole, the bottom of the record will engage and bear down on the top of pin and rock the bracket so that the roller is pushed up through anopening 103 in the turntable. This will prevent the record from dropping onto the turntable surface and urge the upper surface of the record into engagement withfriction pads 104 attached to the lower surface oftray section 57.

When the turntable is then rotated, the record will remain stationary; but the roller and the locating pin will rotate with the turntable until the pin can find opening 14 and seat itself therein. When this occurs, the roller will drop down throughopening 103 as the bracket rocks in the opposite direction; and the record will drop flat onto the turntable surface in the proper, aligned relation.

SYNCHRONIZATION-TONE ARM LATERAL CONTROL Thetone arm 110 is mounted for horizontal or lateral movement on ashaft 111 located at the left-rear portion of the housing and journaled in abearing 112 attached to theplatform 43. Atorsion spring 113, anchored to the platform and the shaft biases the tone arm in a clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 7) to the innermost position. As best shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, lateral movement of the tone arm is linked to the movement of the control card by means of anelongated lever 109 extending from the tone arm shaft toward the front wall. This lever is connected by means of a cable, chain, or othersuitable means 114 to adrum 115 attached to and rotatable with thesprocket wheel shaft 116, said shaft being mounted in upper andlower bearings 117, 118 on the platform and base respectively.

Thecable 115 is always maintained in tension by the opposing forces ofspring 113 biasing the tone arm and apower spring 120 adapted to drive thesprocket wheel shaft 116 in a clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 8). When the control card is inserted into the machine, it drives thesprocket wheel 54 in the direction shown by the arrow (FIG. 8). This will drive the drum in a direction which will unwind the cable andpermit spring 113 to move the tone arm toward its radially innermost position. As the card moves outwardly in indexingtype movement,drum 115 is rotated in a direction which winds up the cable on the drum and pullslever 109 in a direction which effects movement of the tone arm radially outwardly.

PROGRAM ADVANCE CONTROL CARD GUIDE AND DISPLAY STATION As the leading end of the control card F is inserted into theslot 32, the lower edge is engaged and guided by a pair of rollers 106 mounted on thebase 42. At the same time, the top edge of the card will be engaged and guided by aroller 121 which is carried on the end of thecantilever spring 122. The spring action thus keeps the card in perfect alignment throughout its entire length of travel.

Indexing movement of the card is effected by cooperation betweenpower spring 120, thesprocket wheel 54, aratchet wheel 123 carried on the sprocket wheel shaft, and apawl 124. The pawl is secured to arotatable shaft 126 journaled at its upper end in abearing 127 on the platform and at its lower end in abearing 128 attached to the base. Atorsion spring 129 urges the pawl into engagement with theratchet teeth 130 but permits one-way movement of the sprocket wheel when the control card is inserted. Suitable stops (not shown) arrest the sprocket wheel at predetermined points so that synchronization is maintained.

Release of the ratchet (and sprocket) is effected by actuation of asolenoid 132 mounted underneath the platform. As best shown in FIG. 7, actuatingrod 133 ofsolenoid 132 is connected to one end of the turntable stop arm or lever 92 which is also supported by thepawl shaft 126. Areturn spring 134 for the brake lever 92 is anchored to the platform at I35. Energization of the solenoid will thrust the stop lever andshaft 126 in a clockwise direction (as viewed in FIG. 7) to release thepawl 124 from theratchet wheel 123. This will permit the card to advance, due to the driving force ofspring 120, in a direction out of the housing unless interferred with by the pins cooperating with the coded area on the card. It should be pointed out that the force delivered by the sprocket wheel spring is much greater than the force provided by thetone arm spring 113. Accordingly, the former will always override the latter, even though the forces are applied in opposite directions through thecable 114.

When the control card has reached its terminal frame or image, it may be released for removal from theslot 32 by a second control linkage connected to the record tray Q. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the back of the tray has a downwardly extendingarm 136 which is connected to theratchet pawl 124 through astrut 137. One end of the strut extends through a slot in the pawl to provide a lost motion connection permitting the pawl to be intermittently actuated by the solenoid without exerting a force onarm 136. However, when the tray pivots upwardly to permit removal of the record, the arm and strut linkage pushes the pawl to a full release position which permits the card to be removed. To prevent thespring 120 from rapidly driving the card out of the slot when the tray is lifted, a brake mechanism for the sprocket wheel, generally indicated at 138, is provided. Asecond strut 139 attached toarm 136 pivots abrake pad 140 to engage the upper surface of sprocket wheel 119 at the same time that the pawl is released. The braking effort applied is not so great as to hinder removal of the control card from the housing.

The display station H is a particular location with respect to which the individual images on the control card are brought into some predetermined spatial relationship to permit the operator to view or otherwise receive the visual intelligence carried on said image. In the apparatus described, this display station may be regarded as coincident with theaperture 142 in amask 143 forming a part of the optical projection system; although it should be understood that the images may be presented for direct viewing.

RESPONDER MECHANllSM As pointed out above, movement of the control card is governed by cooperation between the holes and slots in the coded area of the card and a series of interfering pins selec tively insertable through one of the holes and slots associated with each image. Thepins 1511a, 150b, 1580, 150d, 150s are mounted in a pin guide and support assembly 151 (see FIG. and includesprings 152 to hold the pins away from the card unless forced, by actuation of a key, in a direction to overcome the spring force.

Attached to the frame on the front of the housing is theconsole 51 which includes a support member 153 having openings to receive thestems 1 extending from the response keys 5211-52. Downward pressure on any of the keys forces the end of the stem into engagement with one of a plurality of bell crank levers 155 attached to support 153. The opposite end of each lever is connected to therespective pins 150a-15t1e through struts 15s. Adjacent to the display station H, on the opposite side of the control card from the pin guide andsupport assembly 151 is amicroswitch 158. The microswitch actuating mechanism includes aflexible plate 159 attached to a part of the frame at 160. The plate has a portion which is ar ranged to cover the area through which the pins can project on the opposite side of the control card. Accordingly, the ac tuation of any key will effect engagement of theplate 159 by the corresponding pin to close the microswitch. The operation of the microswitch will be discussed in more detail with regard to the operation of the control circuit.

TONE ARM-VERTICAL CONTROL The vertical position of thetone arm 110 is coordinated with the turntable P by means of tone arm lift mechanism S, such that: (l) the pickup (and stylus) is dropped onto the record just after a revolution of the turntable is initiated; and (2) the pickup is lifted off the record each time the turntable ends one revolution. Means are also provided for raising the tone arm to a still higher elevation when the record tray Q is pivoted up to change a record in order to prevent interference between the tone arm and the record during this operation.

As best shown in FIG. 9, the tone arm lift mechanism S includes acam follower 162 which cooperates with thecam 95 on the turntable to actuate aslider 163 mounted on platform 13. The slider is constructed of twoplates 16 1, 165 on opposite sides of the platform, said plates being attached to each other by pins 166., which extend throughslots 167. The slider is thus restricted to limited travel back and forth on a radial path which extends between the turntable axis and the tone arm (lateral) pivot axis. Areturn spring 168, attached to the slider and atab 169 on the platform, biases the slider against the turntable rim.

Asleeve 170 is joumaled on the OD of the tone arm shaft bearing 112 extending above the platform 413. Attached to the upper end of the sleeve is an L-shapedarm 171 which has a terminal portion adapted to engage the underside of thetone arm 110. In a preferred embodiment, contact is made with anadjustment screw 172 which may be used to make minor adjustments in the height of the tone arm. To complete the linkage between the tone arm and the turntable cam, alever 173 is pivoted on abracket 174 mounted on the platform, said lever having a fork-shapedarm 175 engaging aflange 176 on the bottom ofsleeve 178 and another arm 177 extending downwardly for engagement by thebottom slider plate 165. Since the tone arm has a generally channel-shaped cross section to receive the end ofarm 171, and since the sleeve is freely journaled on the outside ofthc tone arm shaft bearing 112,

the sleeve will rotate with the tone arm during its travel back and forth laterally.

In order to lift the tone arm to a maximum elevation to prevent damage during insertion or removal of the record, a two-piece lever 178 is pivoted on apin 179 extending down from the platform. This lever is adapted to be actuated by means of anarm 180 attached to and. extending downwardly from the back of the record tray so that when the tray is lifted,lever 178 is pivoted in a clockwise direction, as shown in FIG. 8, to engage and move arm 177 of the tone arm lift lever. The maximum movement of this lever is greater than that effected by the movement of the slider mechanism so that the tone arm is lifted still further. The mechanical advantage in this linkage is enough to lift the far end of the tone arm against the inside of thetop cover 41. Thetorsion spring 182 connecting the two sections oflever 178 takes up any additional movement in winding up the spring.

OPTICAL SYSTEM The optical system J to be described is more or less conventional for use with transparency projection. Anextension 184 of the main housing provides space for theprojection lamp 185 and a blower if required (not shown). The heat resistant glass and condensinglens assembly 186 is supported between the lamp and the mask 1413 andaperture 142 which confines the light path to an area corresponding to the individual images on the control card. On the opposite side of the display station H is aprojection lens 187 which projects the image through a mirror system onto the rearprojection display screen 50 on the front of the housing. The location of the various mirrors in the optical system is governed largely by the placement of other components in the housing. However, in the particular device shown, a first 45mirror 188 projects the image toward the back wall along a plane parallel to the base. Asecond mirror 189 reflects the image at a 90 angle in a plane parallel to the back wall and at approximately a 45 angle upwardly onto athird mirror 190 which redirects the image onto the display screen at a 90 angle toward the front and approximately parallel to the base.

CONTROL CIRCUIT Referring now to FIG. 4, the control circuit for automatically controlling the sequence of operation is illustrated in schematic form. A pair ofline conductors 192 and 193 are connected to a conventional power source, i.e., 117volt 60 cycle AC through a main on/offswitch 194 andfuse 195. The on/offswitch 194 may also be combined with a volume control for the audio reproductionsystem D. Lines 192, 193 supply electrical energy to theprojection lamp 185 and ablower motor 196 when the main switch is closed.Microswitch 158, which is actuated by any of the response keys, is in series with the cam actuatedswitch 96 andsolenoid 132. The turntable motor is connected betweenpower line 193 and a terminal 198, which is in common withswitches 96 and 158, byconductor 199. With the turntable P in the position shown,microswitch 96 is placed with the N/O contact in the closed position and the N/C contact in the open position to enablesolenoid 132 to be energized whenmicroswitch 158 is closed by depression of any one of thekeys 52a, 52b, etc. This will also complete a circuit throughswitch 158,conductor 199 and theturntable motor 87 to begin rotation of the turntable and dislodge thecam 94 from the corresponding camfollower controlling switch 96. As soon as theturntable cam 94 has left its home" position,microswitch 96 opens contact N/O and closes contact N/C. This will, of course, deenergize the solenoid and at the same time close an alternate circuit through the turntable motor throughconductor 200 which is in parallel withmicroswitch 158. The turntable will continue to rotate until the cam again reaches its home position at which time the N/C contact will open to discontinue power to the motor and will close contact N/O to condition the solenoid for the next depression of the response switch.

1 .1 OPERATION Having thus far described the mechanical construction of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus, the following table outlines the various steps in the control sequence and the cor- 5 responding effect with regard to the various components: Action l. Closure Moved To Open Position Effect:

a. record tray lifted b. tone arm lifted to highest position c. pawl released (1. sprocket wheel brake engagedAction 2. Record Inserted IntoTray Action 3. Closure Moved to Closed Position Effects:

a. record tray dropsrecord held off turntable and against friction pads by roller b. tone arm dropped to intermediate position c. pawl engaged d. sprocket wheel brake disengagedAction 4. Control Card Inserted Effects:

a. tone arm pivoted radially inwardly as sprocket wheel is driven by control card b. when fully inserted, image No. 1 is displayed on screen and stylus is just inside band with first recorded message.

Action 5. Student Responds To Audiovisual Information and Depresses Response Key Effects:

a. one of thepins 150a, 150b, etc., is thrust through a slot (or hole) in the control card to actuate microswitch 158 b. circuit to solenoid completed and solenoid energized i. solenoid retracts to release pawl with respect to the sprocket and permit control card to advance (if it can) ii. turntable stop released c. turntable motor energized d. if pin is in one of theholes 30, control card remains stationary and tone arm does not move to next message group. If pin is received in one of theslots 32, control card advances until it is arrested by back edge of slot to bring new image into display station and advance the tone arm to corresponding message.

Action 6. Turntable Begins Revolution Effects:

a.cam 95 actuates tone arm vertical control mechanism S and drops tone arm onto record b.cam 94 actuatesmicroswitch 96 which:

i. opens circuit to deenergize solenoid, bringing pawl and turntable stop back to initial position and ii. closes parallel circuit through turntable motor to con- .tinue turntable rotation. Action 7. During Turntable Rotation Effect:

a. locatingpin 99 finds locating hole 14 in record and record drops down on turntable surface in correct position.

Action 8. Turntable Returns to Home Position Effects:

a.cam 95 actuates tone arm vertical control mechanism S to lift tone arm off record b.cam 94 opens N/C contacts ofswitch 96 to discontinue turntable motor and recloses contacts N/O to condition solenoid for next key actuation throughswitch 158 c. turntable stop 92-93 arrests turntable in home position Action 9. Continue Through Program by RepeatingActions 5 to 8.

Action 10. Program Change (Last Frame on Control Card)- Closure Moved to Open Position Effects:

a. record tray lifted b. tone arm raised to maximum elevation c. pawl moved to full release position d. sprocket wheel bracket engaged to prevent rapid ejection ofcontrol card 75 Action 11. Record and Control Card Removed and Inserted Back inInverted Position Action 12.Repeat Actions 5 to 9 Until Program Completed CONTROL CARD CODING-BRANCHING Referring back to FIG. 3, it will be noted that the code apertures may be conveniently arranged in groups with the lefthand edge of all holes or slots in a group lying along an imaginary straight line. These imaginary lines are all parallel and may be canted at an angle to the edge of the card.

As pointed out above in the discussion on the control card, each aperture group I, II, III etc., corresponds to one of the images designated 1, 2, 3, etc.; and when the card is inverted, aperture groups I, II, III, etc., correspond toimages 1', 2, 3', etc. When the operator begins the program,image 1 will be at the display station for projection ontoscreen 50 and the pins a, 150b 1500 will be aligned with the holes (or slots) in the code group I. The first group is a dummy to allow the record to seat itself properly on the turntable. Therefore, no audio message is required. To avoid wasting one frame, the student may be instructed (by information onimage 1, for example) to first push the left-hand key 52a which will result inpin 150a projecting through a hole 30(1). This will initiate the first complete revolution of the turntable to seat the record; and there would be no audio message for this image. With the record properly seated on the turntable, the student is now prepared to continue with the regular prbgram; so he is instructed to depress another key, e.g., 52c, which projects pin 15012 through a slot 32(1). Thesolenoid 132 is actuated by the closing ofswitch 158 and the card advances toimage 2. At the same time, the audio pickup head is dropped on the band which has the first message recorded thereon.

By way of example,image 2 may depict the letter B and have an arrow pointing to one of the keys. The audio message may state- This is the letter B (pronounce phonetically) now push the key under the arrow. The response is thus made to a pure instruction be depressing the key under the arrow. When this occurs, the control card advances to image 3 (and the audio message corresponding thereto).

This frame may be constructed as follows:

ImageSeries of different letters (including one B) each arranged over one of the keys AudioCan you find the letter B? Press the key under B!" In this example, the code for the key corresponding to the letter B is the only one which has a slot to advance the control card. Depression of other incorrect" keys will insert a pin through a hole, and will repeat the audio message without advancing the program.

In a branched program both a correct and an incorrect answer will advance the program; but in the case of an incorrect answer, the next frame will supply additional information and a correct answer will advance the program two (or more) frames to bypass the additional information.

As an example, it will be assumed that the previous question (find the letter B) has been presented on image 3 (and the corresponding audio message).

All the incorrect choices will advance the program to frame 4 by means of a single frame slot. This frame will be constructed as follows:

Image-Letter B appearing again with other letters which are designated as being incorrect AudioYou did not select Bdepress the key under B. If a correct choice was made earlier, then the program skipsframe 4 and advances by means of a double frame advance slot to frame 5.Frame 5 would normally be used to introduce new information.

Frame 4 may thus be regarded as comprising an error stimulus which includes both an audio error message and an error image.

in a more sophisticated program, multiple branching may be employed. ln this case there may be many different error stimuli as there are incorrect choices to a particular question. Continuing with the example above, instead of a general error stimulus as specified forframe 4, each incorrect response may advance the control card to a different position. For example, the choices in addition to B may be F," D, P and E which correspond tokeys 52a, 52b, 52d and 52e, respectively. Actuation of key 52a will advance the control card to frame 4 which may be constructed as follows:

image-B Audio-You selected F not B. Now that you see the difference, push the key under the B. Actuation of key 52b will advance the control card to frame 5 which would be constructed as follows:

lmage--B Audio--You selected D not B. Nowthat you see the dif ference, push the key under the B." Actuation ofkeys 52d or 52e will shift the card to frame 6 and 7 respectively, which would also be specific error stimuli. The actuation of key 52c, the correct key, would advance the program to frame 8 which would normally be a new informational frame.

The above examples are intended to demonstrate the versatility of the present invention and will suggest to those skilled in the art a large number of possible variations.

Since the program is constructed so that each side of the record 10 corresponds, respectively, to the two lines ofimages 26a and 26!; on the control card, some means must be provided for coordinating the loading of the record and the control card to prevent a mismatch. A special problem exists in the situation where the apparatus is to be operated by young children and others unable to read information which might be applied to the record and the control card to assure proper coordination. A preferred way of avoiding this problem is to color code both the record and the control card. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the center section of the record is provided with alabel 202 which is color coded with the projecting end of the control card F. The color of thiscode label 202 is thus matched with onesection 203 of the control card and the other side of the record has a corresponding code label (not shown) which is colored to match the othercoded section 204 of the control card. When the record is loaded into the apparatus and the control card inserted in the corresponding slot so that the color of both the label and the control card are both facing in the same direction (up or down), there can be no mismatch of the audio and visual components.

While this invention has been described in connection with a certain specific embodiment thereof, it is to be understood that this is by way of illustration and not by way of limitation; and the scope of the appended claims should be construed as broadly as the prior art will permit,

We claim:

1. The combination comprising:

a turntable adapted to drive a disc record when said record is placed on the upper surface thereof, said record having a first aperture located at its center and a second aperture radially spaced from said first aperture;

a spindle at the center of said turntable adapted to be received in said first aperture;

a generally Ushaped member pivotally mounted under said turntable and rotatable therewith, said member having first and second arms extending upwardly;

a locating pin carried by said first arm, said locating pin adapted to extend through a corresponding opening in said turntable and be received in said second record aperture;

record engaging means carried by said second arm adapted to extend through a corresponding opening in said turntable to engage said record, said first and second arms being arranged so that when said record engaging means is below the plane of said turntable surface, said locating pin extends above said plane, and vice versa; a record tray pivotally mounted above said turntable, said tray having upper and lower portions defining a pocket to support said record, said upper portion having friction means adapted to engage the upper surface of said record, whereby when said tray assembly is pivoted downwardly to load the record on the turntable, said record will lie on the upper surface of said turntable only if the locating pin is received in said second aperture, otherwise said record will bear on said locating pin to keep said record engaging means operative to hold said record in engagement with said friction means, said record remaining stationary until said locating pin canseat itself in second aperture thereby effecting pivotal movement of the roller beneath the plane of said turnta" ble surface and allowing the record to drop into driving relationship with said turntable.

2. The combination defined in claim l wherein said record engaging means comprises a rotatable member journaled on an axis which is normal to the turntable axis.

3. The combination as defined in claim ll including a housing around said record tray;

means defining an opening in said housing through which said record may be loaded into said tray;

closure means for said opening mounted for movement between an open position and a close position; and

means operatively connecting said closure to said record tray to lift said tray when said closure is moved to its open position.

Claims (3)

1. The combination comprising: a turntable adapted to drive a disc record when said record is placed on the upper surface thereof, said record having a first aperture located at its center and a second aperture radially spaced from said first aperture; a spindle at the center of said turntable adapted to be received in said first aperture; a generally U-shaped member pivotally mounted under said turntable and rotatable therewith, said member having first and second arms extending upwardly; a locating pin carried by said first arm, said locating pin adapted to extend through a corresponding opening in said turntable and be received in said second record aperture; record engaging means carried by said second arm adapted to extend through a corresponding opening in said turntable to engage said record, said first and second arms being arranged so that when said record engaging means is below the plane of said turntable surface, said locating pin extends above said plane, and vice versa; a record tray pivotally mounted above said turntable, said tray having upper and lower portions defining a pocket to support said record, said upper portion having friction means adapted to engage the upper surface of said record, whereby when said tray assembly is pivoted downwardly to load the record on the turntable, said record will lie on the upper surface of said turntable only if the locating pin is received in said second aperture, otherwise said record will bear on said locating pin to keep said record engaging means operative to hold said record in engagement with said friction means, said record remaining stationary until said locating pin can seat itself in second aperture thereby effecting pivotal movement of the roller beneath the plane of said turntable surface and allowing the record to drop into driving relationship with said turntable.

2. The combination defined in claim 1 wherein said record engaging means comprises a rotatable member journalled on an axis which is normal to the turntable axis.

3. The combination as defined in claim 1 including a housing around said record tray; means defining an opening in said housing through which said record may be loaded into said tray; closure means for said opening mounted for movement between an open position and a closed position; and means operatively connecting said closure to said record tray to lift said tray when said closure is moved to its open position.

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