US3631542A - Myoelectric brace - Google Patents

Abstract

A myoelectric brace consisting of a fixed wrist-hand splint portion having a movable finger support portion pivotally secured thereto which is operated by a hydraulic actuator. The actuator is hydraulically coupled to a pump which is driven by a battery powered, direct current motor. Three skin electrodes are positioned on the patient''s arm and sense muscle potentials in the patient''s arm when the patient tenses a muscle in the immediate area of the skin electrodes. The resulting myopotentials are then amplified by a muscle potential amplifier and are transformed into a slowly varying control signal by a detector circuit and a filter circuit. The control signal enters a differential amplifier where it causes the motor to drive the hydraulic pump until a predetermined pressure is reached. Actuation of the hydraulic pump causes the hydraulic actuator to pivotally move the finger support towards the fixed splint portion. The motor stops when the differential amplifier receives a signal from the pressure transducer equal in amplitude to the control signal. This causes the differential amplifier output signal to go to zero. Relaxation of the patient''s muscle causes the finger support to pivotally move away from the fixed splint portion.

Description

United States Patent [72] Inventor Allan G. Potter Ames, Iowa [21] Appl. No. 848,919

[22] Filed Aug. 11, 1969 [45] Patented Jan. 4, 1972 [73] Assignee Iowa State University Research Foundation Ames, Iowa [54] MYOELECTRIC BRACE Myo-Electric Control of Powered Prostheses by A. H. Bottomley, The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, Vol. 47B, No.3,Aug.1965,pp.411-415,3-1.1

Gas-Powered Sources and Actuators for Prosthetic and Orthotic Devices" by J. R. Pearson, The Control of External Power in Upper-Extremity Rehabilitation, Nat. Academy of Sciences- Nat. Research Council, Wash., DC, 1966, pp. 196-197 (FIG. 5) copy in P.O. Scientific Library (RD756- N32C). 3-1.2

Myoelectric Control Systems" by W. Waring et al.,

Orthopedic & Prosthetic Appl. Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, Mar. 1967, pp. 27-32. 3l.l

Myo-Electrically Controlled Electric Torque Motor for the Flexor Hinge Hand Splint by C. 'Irombley et al., Orthopedic & Prosthetic Appliance Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, Mar. 1967, pp. 39-43. 3-1.1

Primary ExaminerRichard A. Gaudet Assistant Examiner-Ronald L. F rinks Attorney-Zarley, McKee & Thomte ABSTRACT: A myoelectric brace consisting of a fixed wristband splint portion having a movable finger support portion pivotally secured thereto which is operated by a hydraulic actuator. The actuator is hydraulically coupled to a pump which is driven by a battery powered, direct current motor. Three skin electrodes are positioned on the patients arm and sense muscle potentials in the patients arm when the patient tenses a muscle in the immediate area of the skin electrodes. The resulting myo-potentials are then amplified by a muscle potential amplifier and are transformed into a slowly varying control signal by a detector circuit and a filter circuit. The control signal enters a differential amplifier where it causes the motor to drive the hydraulic pump until a predetermined pressure is reached. Actuation of the hydraulic pump causes the hydraulic actuator to pivotally move the finger support towards the fixed splint portion. The motor stops when the differential amplifier receives a signal from the pressure transducer equal in amplitude to the control signal. This causes the differential amplifier output signal to go to zero. Relaxation of the patients muscle causes the finger support to pivotally move away from the fixed splint portion.

PATENTEDJAN 41912 3531.542

SHEET 1 [IF 2 Arrow/945 MYOELECTRIC BRACE Electrically powered orthotic devices or braces for quadraplegic patients are convenient because the electrical power is readily available and is easily stored in the batteries which drive the electric motors on wheel chairs used by such patients. The utilization of other types of energy storage techniques by these patients requires the handling of another source of energy and thus, another set of operating conditions which is highly undesirable. In order to utilize the electrical energy stored in the wheel chair batteries to effectively power orthotic devices, one must optimize several conflicting requirements. First, both the weight and size of the bracemounted actuator must be small. Second, the response and control of the limb brace when driven by the actuator must be normal. Third, minimum size, weight, and power consumption is desired for the complete device.

Therefore, it is a principal object of this invention to pro vide a myoelectric brace for quadraplegic patients.

A further object of this invention is to provide a myoelectric brace which is powered by a unique hydraulic system driven by a direct current battery operated motor.

A further object of this invention is to provide a myoelectric brace which is light weight.

A further object of this invention is to provide a myoelectric brace which has a minimum size and consumes a minimum of power.

A further object of this invention is to provide a myoelectric brace which is operated by the muscle potentials in the patients arm.

A further object of this invention is to provide a myoelectric brace wherein muscle potentials are sensed by surface electrodes and are used to control finger position and tension in a proportional manner.

A further object of this invention is to provide a method of actuating a myoelectric brace.

A further object of this invention is to provide a myoelectric brace which is economical of manufacture, durable in use and refined in appearance.

These and other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

This invention consists in the construction, arrangements, and combination of the various parts of the device, whereby the objects contemplated are attained as hereinafter more fully set forth, specifically pointed out in the claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. I is a side elevational view of the brace mounted on the patients arm;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the brace as seen alonglines 22 of FIG. I;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hydraulic actuator as seen along lines 3-3 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of the hydraulic pump as seen along lines 4-4 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the electrical circuitry of this invention; and

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the electrical circuitry of this invention.

The numeral 10 generally designates a fixed wrist-hand splint of this invention which is adapted to be secured to the patients lower arm, wrist and hand. Splint 10 includes asplint portion 12 which is secured to thepatients arm 14 by astrap 16 extending therearound and selectively closed by a Velcro fastener means 18 (FIG. I). The upper end of splint portion 20 is pivotally connected to the lower end ofsplint portion 12 by apin 22.Thumb support 24 extends downwardly from one end of splint portion 20 and is adapted to have the patient's thumb received therein (FIG. I). Acurved support 26 is pivotally secured at its upper end to splint portion 20 by apin 28 and has spaced-apart, finger supports 30 and 32 extending laterally therefrom. As seen in FIG. I,finger support 30 is adapted to have the patients fingers extending therethrough whilefinger support 32 is adapted to extend over the patient's fingers. An arcuate hand support 34 is secured to splint portion 20 and extends laterally therefrom adapted to cup or support the underside of the patients hand.Strap 36 extends around the patients hand to firmly maintain the device thereon.

Ahydraulic actuator 38 is secured to splint portion 20 bybracket 40 and has apush rod 42 slidably extending therefrom which is pivotally secured by apin 44 to one ofthe adjustment holes 46 formed inear 48 which extends from the rearward end ofsupport 26. Thus, extension ofpush rod 42 from thehydraulic actuator 38 causessupport 26 to pivot towardsthumb support 24. Conversely, the withdrawal ofpush rod 42 into theactuator 38 causes support 26 to pivot away from thethumb support 24.

Hydraulic actuator 38 includes a piston head portion 50 secured to cylinder housing 52 by head screws 54. Abellowfram 56 is positioned between piston head portion SI) and cylinder housing 52 as seen in FIG. 3. AU-shaped piston 58 is secured to bellowfram 56 by apiston cap screw 60 extending throughpiston cap 62,bellowfram 56 and intopiston 58.

Pushrod 42 is secured topiston 58 and extends through spaced apartball bushings 64 and 66 to reduce friction. Ahelical compression spring 68 embracespush rod 42 betweenpiston 58 andsupport 70 and yieldably resists the extension ofpush rod 42 from housing 52.Nipple 72 extends from piston head portion 50 and is adapted to have afluid line 74 connected thereto to place thefluid chamber 76 inactuator 38 in communication withpump 78.Pump 78 includes ahollow piston head 80 having anipple 82 extending therefrom adapted to receive thefluid line 74 thereon.Pump 78 includes afluid chamber 84 having apressure transducer 86 extending thereinto.Pressure transducer 86 is provided with anelectrical lead 88 which extends to a differential amplifier which will be discussed hereinafter.

Abellowfram 90 is positioned betweenpiston head 80 andcylinder housing 92 by means of cap screws 94. AU-shaped piston 96 is secured to the center ofbellowfram 90 bycap screws 98 extending throughcap 100,bellowfram 90 and intopiston 96.

The other end ofpiston 96 has anend plate 104 secured thereto which bears against the ball bearing screw nut I02 which runs in a groove of a grooved helical screw I16.Screw 116 is secured to the drive shaft I05 which rotatably extends from a battery operated, directcurrent motor 106. The numeral 108 refers to a coupling housing positioned between motor I06 andhousing 92 and maintained therebetween byscrews 110. Anoldham coupling 120 connectsmotor 106 to screw 116.

Energization of themotor 106 causes power shaft to rotateball bearing screw 116. The rotation of screw I16 causes screwnut 102 to be moved along the groove of the screw I16 to cause spring I18 to drivepiston 96 to the right as viewed in FIG. 4. Movement ofpiston 96 to the right causes the fluid inchamber 84 to be forced therefrom, throughline 74 and into the fluid compartment ofactuator 38. The fluid enteringfluid compartment 76 inactuator 38causes piston 58 to be moved to the left, as viewed in FIG. 3, which causespush rod 42 to be extended from theactuator 38 which in turn causessupport 26, and hence the patients fingers, to be moved towards thethumb support 24.

The numerals I12, I14 and 116 refer to the skin electrodes which are placed adjacent the skin surface of the patients arm as indicated in FIG. I and maintained thereon by suitable means such as tape or the like. The electrodes are connected to a muscle potential amplifier generally referred to by thereference numeral 118 in FIGS. 5 and 6. If the patient desires to close his fingers, he tenses a muscle located near the skin surface electrodes. The resulting muscle potentials are then amplified by the musclepotential amplifier 118. This amplifier FIG. 6, consists ofa pair of operational amplifiers in a unity gain to common mode type circuit followed by a differential amplifier circuit, a parallel T" rejection filter circuit, and a Darlington amplifier circuit. The amplified myopotentials are then put into adetector circuit 120, consisting of a Schmidt trigger circuit followed by a low-pass filter circuit. This detector circuit transforms the amplified muscle potentials into a slowly varying control signal whose amplitude is related to the muscle tension causing it. if the output of the differential amplificr T24 is sufficiently large themotor control circuit 126 causes themotor 106 to drive thehydraulic pump 78 until a pressure related to the desired finger position plus tension is reached. The motor control circuit contains two identical control circuits consisting of a relaxation oscillator circuit which drives a hybrid timing circuit and a transistor bridge circuit. In this way both clockwise and counterclockwise rotation can be obtained depending upon which control circuit drives the transistor bridge circuit. The motor W6 stops when the signal from thepressure transducer 86 causes the differential amplifier B24 output signal to go below a set threshold level. If the patient wishes to open his fingers, he simply relaxes and the signal from thepressure transducer 86 causes themotor 106 to reduce the pressure so that the brace is driven to its zero muscle voltage position by thespring 68 contained in the actuator 33.

In summary, it can be seen that the myoelectric brace is driven by muscle potentials. The muscle potentials are created by tensing or contracting of the muscle which causes polarization of the muscle. The electrodes on the skin detect the E.M.G. differential and relays the same to the circuitry illustratcd in the drawings. Thepump 78 andactuator 38 are especially designed to reduce friction through the use of theball bushings 64 and 66 and through the use of the foldable bellowfram incorporated therein.

A brace has been provided which is lightweight and which requires a minimum of power to be consumed during the operation thereof. The size of the brace is relatively small and is conveniently secured to the patients arm. Finger position and lietlSlOtt is controlled in a proportional manner due to the muscle potentials being sensed by the surface electrodes and the relationship of the pressure transducer to the motor control circuit,

Thus it can be seen that the device accomplishes at least all ofits stated objectivesv lclaim:

l. in a myoelectric brace, comprising,

a splint means adapted to be secured to a person's arm and having a fixed wrist-hand splint portion and a movable finger support means pivotally connected thereto,

a hydraulic actuator means mounted on said fixed wristband splint portion and being connected to said movable finger support means to cause said finger support means to be moved with respect to said fixed splint portion,

a hydraulic pump means fluidly connected to said actuator means adapted to cause said actuator means to move said finger support means,

a motor means for operating said pump means,

an electrode means adapted to be placed on the wearer's skin surface adjacent a muscle capable of being tensed by the wearer,

a circuit means connected to said electrode means adapted to sense the myopotentials created by the tensing of said muscle and to transform the potentials into a control signal whereby said electric motor, said pump and said actuator will be operated so that said finger support means will be moved towards said fixed splint means, and

said pump means including a hollow piston head housing having a fluid compartment provided therein, said fluid compartment being in fluid communication with said actuator means, a cylinder housing connected to said piston head housing, a bellowfram between said piston head housing and said cylinder housing, a piston means in said cylinder housing connected to said bellowfram for movement therewith, a ball bearing screw rotatably mounted in said cylinder housing, a screw nut operatively connected to said piston means in engagement with said screw whereby rotation of said screw will cause said piston and said bellowfram to be moved, said motor having a drive shaft connected to said screw. I 2. The brace ofclaim 1 wherein a pressure transducer is in communication with said fluid compartment in said piston head housing, said pressure transducer being electrically connected to said circuit means to stop said motor when a predetermined pressure is reached in said fluid compartment.

Claims (2)

1. In a myoelectric brace, comprising, a splint means adapted to be secured to a person''s arm and having a fixed wrist-hand splint portion and a movable finger support means pivotally connected thereto, a hydraulic actuator means mounted on said fixed wrist-hand splint portion and being connected to said movable finger support means to cause said finger support means to be moved with respect to said fixed splint portion, a hydraulic pump means fluidly connected to said actuator means adapted to cause said actuator means to move said finger support means, a motor means for operating said pump means, an electrode means adapted to be placed on the wearer''s skin surface adjacent a muscle capable of being tensed by the wearer, a circuit means connected to said electrode means adapted to sense the myo-potentials created by the tensing of said muscle and to transform the potentials into a control signal whereby said electric motor, said pump and said actuator will be operated so that said finger support means will be moved towards said fixed splint means, and said pump means including a hollow piston head housing having a fluid compartment provided therein, said fluid compartment being in fluid communication with said actuator means, a cylinder housing connected to said piston head housing, a bellowfram between said piston head housing and said cylinder housing, a piston means in said cylinder housing connected to said bellowfram for movement therewith, a ball bearing screw rotatably mounted in said cylinder housing, a screw nut operatively connected to said piston means in engagement with said screw whereby rotation of said screw will cause said piston and said bellowfram to be moved, said motor having a drive shaft connected to said screw.

2. The brace of claim 1 wherein a pressure transducer is in communication with said fluid compartment in said piston head housing, said pressure transducer being electrically connected to said circuit means to stop said motor when a predetermined pressure is reached in said fluid compartment.

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