US3603414A - Insert for drilling unit - Google Patents

Abstract

A solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert adapted for forcible insertion into an opening in a working face of a drill member includes a generally polygonal body portion having at least about 12 sides extending between a base end and an opposite head end thereof, and a generally conical wedging portion on the head end of the body portion diverging outwardly therefrom and having an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the body portion, the wedging portion intersecting the body portion whereby the corners formed by the body portion sides terminate intermediate the outer and inner ends of the wedging portion to provide a smooth annular wedging surface on the outer end of the wedging portion, the body and wedging portions being insertable into the working face opening for mounting them therein with the body portion engaging the wall of the opening in an interference fit and the outer end of the wedging portion wedged in the opening adjacent the working face. A unit for drilling earth formations includes a drill member having a working face provided with a generally circular insert opening extending inwardly therefrom, the opening terminating at the working face in an outwardly divergent conical mouth, and the insert mounted in the opening with its body portion engaging the wall of the opening in an interference fit and the outer end of its wedging portion wedged in the mouth of the opening.

Description

United States Patent [72] Inventor FrankE.Stebley 3815 Nemesis Ave., Gurnee, II]. 60031 [211 AppLNo. 7.135 [22] Filed Jan.30,l970 [45] Patented Sept. 7,1971

54] INSERTFOR DRILLING UNIT l7Claims,9Drawing Figs.

52 u.s.c| 175/374, 175/410 511 1111.01 ..E2lcl3/0l, E2lcl3/06 [50 FieldofSearch 175/374, 375,409,410

[56] Reference Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,121,202'j6/1938 Killgore 175/374 2,687,875 8/1954 Morlaneta]. 175/374 2,955,804 10/1960 Feucht 175/409 3,027,953 9471962 Coski.... 175/409 3,311,181 3/1967 Fowler.. 175/410 3,356,418 12/1967 HealeyetaL. 175/410x 3,382,940; 5/1968 Stebley 175/410 3,389,761 6/1968 on 175/374 Primary ExaminerDavid H. Brown Atlarne v-John S. O'Brien ABSTRACT: A solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert adapted for forcible insertion into an opening in a working face of a drill member includes a generally polygonal body portion having at least about 12 sides extending between a base end and an opposite head end thereof, and a generally conical wedging portion on the head end of the body portion diverging outwardly therefrom and having an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the body portion, the wedging portion intersecting the body portion whereby the corners formed by the body portion sides terminate intermediate the outer and inner ends of the wedging portion to provide a smooth annular wedging surface on the outer end of the wedging portion, the body and wedging portions being insertable into the working face opening for mounting them therein with the body portion engaging the wall of the opening in an interference tit and the outer end of the wedging portion wedged in the opening adjacent the working face. A unit for drilling earth formations includes a drill member having a working face provided with a generally circular insert opening extending inwardly therefrom, the opening terminating at the working face in an outwardly divergent conical mouth, and the insert mounted in the opening with its body portion engaging the wall of the opening in an interference fit 'and the outer end of its wedging portion wedged in the mouth of the openmg.

PATENTEDSEP 7197! 3,603,414

SHEET 1 OF 2 FIGZ INVENTOR FRANK E. STEBLEY ATTORNEY mmnznsz mu 3503414 SHEET 2 [1F 3 INVENTOR FRANK E. STEBLEY ATTORNEY INSERT FOR DRILLING UNIT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert adapted for forcible insertion into an opening in a working face of a drill member and to a drilling unit of the insert and the drill member. More particularly, the invention relates to an insert which may be mounted more securely in a drill member with reduced insert fracture and loss in drilling.

Inserts or teeth of wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide are widely used in drill members of apparatus for drilling earth formations, especially for drilling into rock formations. Such inserts have much greater wearability than similar inserts constructed of steel. While hard and wear-resistant, the carbide inserts are also brittle and have poor resistance to bending. Consequently, the inserts have a tendency to break in use when not properly mounted in the drill members, and they may also be lost from the drill members. The inserts cannot be replaced in many drill members, so that it becomes necessary eventually to discard the entire drilling unit, which is very costly,

Drill members as contemplated in the invention include percussion-type drill bit bodies, and roller or rolling cutter bodies for rotary drilling apparatus, the latter including roller bits and drilling and tunneling machines and the like. The percussion drill bits are constructed of a solid steel body having a working face or faces at one end of the bit. Generally cylindrical inserts or teeth of sintered metallic carbide are mounted in openings in the working face and are exposed thereat. Roller cutters are constructed of steel bodies in various type configurations, such as cylindrical, conical, and disc types. Carbide inserts are mounted in openings in working faces provided on the cutter bodies, including cutting edges thereon. Inserts also are mounted in the drill bits and cutters in appropriate locations for minimizing wear of the drill member. The inserts are forcibly inserted into openings having slightly smaller diameters than the insert diameter, so that the inserts engage the walls of the openings in which mounted in an interference fit.

in manufacturing a suitable drill member, the steel structure usually is drilled to provide insert openings and then heat treated to a predetermined degree of hardness. The drilled holes then are precisely reamed to correct for heat distortion and drilling errors, and form insert openings or holes having the desired diameter and cylindrical configuration.

The carbide inserts are manufactured by molding metallic carbide powder under die pressure to form oversize molded articles. The molded articles are sintered to form solid sintered articles having the desired physical properties. Inasmuch as the molded articles are formed by compression between dies acting at opposite ends of the articles, the density or compression of the material in the molded articles varies from a maximum adjacent the ends to a minimum in the central region. The sintering step is accompanied by shrinkage, which increases towards the less dense central region, so that the resulting articles have generally concave sides. For example, the shrinkage in an insert of about %-inch diameter and about l-inch length is generally about 0.003 to 0.004 inch at the center. Consequently, the inserts are ground to eliminate the concavity and provide cylindrical bodies of the desired diameter. Thereafter, the inserts may be tumbled in an abrasive medium to abrade or round off their corners.

The finished inserts are pressed into the openings in the working faces of the drill members to seat them firmly in the openings, with the outer ends or head portions of the inserts exposed at the working faces, from which they project for impacting and cutting action, lnserts provided for minimizing the wear of a drill member may lie flush with the face of the member or project lesser distances therefrom.

Owing to the brittle nature of the carbide inserts, they should be provided with maximum support by the drill member when mounted. With poor support, especially adjacent the face of the drill member, the inserts are prone to fracture under transverse forces, and they may also work loose and fall out of the drill member.

Inasmuch as the resiliency of a steel drill member is limited, a portion of the compression or gripping force on the inserts may be lost during mounting. Consequently, careful insertion of the inserts into their openings is necessary, to avoid distor tion of the openings which would reduce the compression. However, such distortion occurs nevertheless. Also, drilling errors survive the reaming operation, and they most frequently result in the insert openings having greater diameters at the top than at the bottom. The openings may be noncircular at the top, or suffer from a bell mouth condition. As a result of these imperfections, the inserts are gripped most securely at the bottom and to lesser degrees in the center and upper or outer areas. The inserts then are more prone to fracture in their openings and to loosening with eventual loss.

In order to minimize insert fracture and loss, insert manufacturers have in the past blunted the commonly hemispherical heads of the inserts, so that their outer ends lie closer to the working face. However, less free space than remained under the bit, restricting fluid flow for removing loose material from the bore hole. In order to increase the free space beneath the drill member, and also for added penetration of the inserts into soft formations, and for reducing wear on the drill member, the portions of the drill member surrounding the inserts were extended or built up beyond the working face for mounting the inserts so as to project further from the working face.

It would be highly advantageous to provide a wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert that may be mounted readily in a suitable opening in a working face of a drill member to provide maximum compressive or gripping force on the insert at the face of the drill member and secure mounting within the opening, and obviating prior mounting deficiencies due to improper insertion and imperfections in the size and shape of the opening as commonly encountered in practice. It would be particularly advantageous to provide an insert than may be mounted to project from a working face to an optimum extent for maintaining a free space beneath the drill member for removal of loose material, for penetrating soft formations, and for reducing wear of the drill member.

SUMMARY OF THE llNVENTION The present invention provides a new and improved solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert adapted for forcible insertion into an opening in a working face of a drill member to obviate or minimize the problems previously occasioned by imperfections in such openings and provide a drilling unit having inserts securely mounted in the drill member thereof and resistant to fracture and loss of the inserts, with the inserts also projecting to a desirable extent from the working face of the member.

The new insert of the invention includes a generally polygonal body portion having at least about 12 sides extending between a base end and an opposite head end thereof, and a generally conical wedging portion on the head end of the body portion diverging outwardly therefrom and having an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the body portion, the wedging portion intersecting the: body portion whereby the comers formed by the body portion sides terminate intermediate the outer and inner ends of the wedging portion to provide a smooth annular wedging surface on the outer end of the wedging portion, the body and wedging portions being insertable into the working face opening for mounting them therein with the body portion engaging the wall of the opening in an interference fit and the outer end of the wedging portion wedged in the opening adjacent the working face. The wedging portion preferably diverges at an angle of about 46 from the longitudinal axis of the body portion. The body portion preferably is provided with about 12 to 22 sides in the insert sizes most commonly employed. The preferred metallic carbide comprises tungsten carbide.

The drilling unit of the invention includes a drill member having a working face provided with a generally circular insert opening extending inwardly therefrom, the opening terminating at the working face in an outwardly divergent conical mouth preferably diverging at an angle of about 4-6 from the longitudinal axis of the opening, and the insert mounted in the opening with the body portion of the insert engaging the wall of the opening in an interference fit, and the outer end of the wedging portion of the insert being wedged in the mouth of the opening. Preferred drill members include rotary-percussion drill bit and roller cutter bodies.

The new insert is constructed for wedged mounting of its conical wedging portion in the mouth of a suitable opening provided in a working face of a drill member, resulting in high compressive forces around the insert in the critical area adjacent the working face. The polygonal body portion of the insert engages the wall of the opening in an interference fit, providing anchoring stability and preventing the insert from turning. The insert and its mounting serve to overcome the common errors in drilling insert openings, without necessity for the usual reaming operation, thereby providing greater resistance to bending and torsional stresses to minimize fracture and loss inserts.

The insert structure and the configuration of the companion opening in the drill member provide for relative ease of insertion of the insert into the opening, without scoring or distorting the mouth of the opening at the working face during insertion. After insertion, the polygonal body portion of the insert is embedded below the working face of the drill member, so as to avoid scoring the working face around the insert.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The attached drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention, without limitation thereto. In the drawings, like elements are identified by like reference symbols in each of the views, and:

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view of a rotary-percussion drill bit incorporating a drill member and inserts therein according to the invention, with a portion of the drill member broken away to reveal an insert;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of a roller cutter of a drill bit in engagement with a formation being cut, the cutter incorporating a drill member and inserts therein according to the invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged elevational view of one embodiment of the insert of the invention, as it appears prior to its finishing operation;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, illustrating the insert thereof after finishing, and showing the insert as it is being inserted into an insert opening in a drill member, illustrated fragmentarily in section;

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, showing the insert as being completely inserted into the insert opening;

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view illustrating comparatively the insert structure of the invention and a prior insert structure, each shown in half section, as mounted in a disc portion of a disc roller cutter, shown fragmentarily in section;

FIGS. 7 and 8 are, respectively, side elevational and top plan views'of another embodiment of the insert of the invention; and

FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of a further embodiment of the insert ofthe invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to the drawings, FIG. I illustrates a rotary-percussion drill bit orunit 10 incorporating a bit body or drill member 11 and a plurality of solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide inserts 12 mounted therein according to the invention. Anoptional insert 14 is also illustrated in broken lines. FIG. 2 illustrates a roller cutter I6 incorporating a cutter body ordrill member 17 and theinserts 12 mounted therein. Theroller cutter 16 is of the type described in US. Pat. No. 3,385,385, to which reference may be made for the otherwise conventional structure of the roller bit embodying thecutter 16.

Referring to FIG. 3, aninsert 12 is illustrated substantially as it appears after molding and sintering, and before finishing. When finished, the insert 12' becomes theinsert 12 shown most clearly in FIGS. 4 and 5. The insert 12' is a unitary structure of integral portions including a generallypolygonal body portion 18, a shallow beveled base orseat portion 20 on the base end of the body portion, a generally conical orfrustoconical wedging portion 22 on the head end of the body portion, and a generally hemispherical head portion 24-on the outer end of the wedging portion and conterminous therewith.

Thebody portion 18 includes a plurality ofpolygon sides 26 of uniform dimensions, there being 20 sides in the illustrative embodiment. The sides extend substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis 28 of the insert. The sintering operation by which the insert is produced results in a slight concavity, not illustrated, which is greatest in thecentral region 30 of the body portion and decreases along a curve in the directions of thebase portion 20 and the wedgingportion 22. As previously described, the concavity results from differences in density owing to the manner in which theinsert 12 is molded, i.e., between dies exerting pressure in the direction of theaxis 28 at the opposite ends corresponding to thebase portion 20 and thehead portion 24. The polygon sides 26 thus are approximately flat but slightly bowed inwardly. Thesides 26form corners 32 at their junctions, which are also generally parallel to thelongitudinal axis 28 and slightly bowed inwardly.

In a modification of the insert 12', not illustrated, thebody portion 18 may be molded with a slight inward tapering in the direction from the wedgingportion 22 to thebase portion 20. Tapering of the body portion provides for wedging the body portion in an insert opening in a drill member, especially in the case of an unreamed opening suffering from irregularities. However, the remaining insert structure of the present invention makes optional the provision of a tapering body portion.

Thebase portion 20 includes a beveledperipheral edge 34 and atruncate end surface 36. Theperipheral edge 34 lies at a preferred angle of about 20-25 to a plane perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis 28. The base portion is substantially conterminous with thebody portion 18. In a modification, not illustrated, the peripheral corner 44' formed at the junction of theperipheral edge 34 and thebody portion 18 may be rounded or radiused in molding, for greater ease of insertion in an insert opening.

Theconical wedging portion 22 includes a circularouter end 38 having a diameter greater than the diameter of thepolygonal body portion 18, and a circularinner end 40 encompassed by and tangent to the polygon sides 26. In this connection, the diameter of thebody portion 18 as referred to in the specification and claims is measured between diametrically opposedcorners 32. Insert sizes as referred to hereinafter, however, refer to the distance between the centers of diametrically opposedsides 26, i.e., the diameter of a circle inscribed within the polygon and tangent to thesides 26.

Aconical side 42 of the wedgingportion 22 diverges outwardly from theinner end 40 to theouter end 38. The wedgingportion 22 thus intersects thebody portion 18, whereby thecorners 32 formed by the body portion sides 26 terminate intermediate theouter end 38 and theinner end 40 of the wedging portion to provide a smoothannular wedging surface 42a on the outer end of the wedging portion. Theside 42 of the wedging portion preferably is inclined at an angle of about 46 to thelongitudinal axis 28, and in the illustrative embodiment, the side lies at a further preferred angle of 5 thereto. It is also preferred that theside 42 intersect thepolygon corners 32 approximately one-half of the distance between the outer and inner ends 38 and 40 of the wedging portion.

Thehead portion 24 is hemispherical and conterminous with theouter end 38 of the wedgingportion 22. Such head structure is generally preferred for impacting and cutting purposes in percussion and rotary drill bits. Inserts having other head configurations may be employed along with the foregoing inserts 12 or may be employed alone or in specific locations, as may be preferred, two of such configurations being exemplified in FIGS. 7-9. It is an advantage of the invention that a full size head portion may be provided, and the head portion need not be blunted or shallow to safeguard the insert. as in the past. It will also be observed that thehead portion 24 has a greater diameter than the body portion llfl, providing a proportionately larger impact end on an insert of a given size.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the insert I2 is illustrated as it appears after finishing by tumbling in an abrasive medium. A rounded or radiusedperipheral corner 44 is formed at the base of the insert, at the junction of the base portion and thebody portion 18. Thepolygon corners 32, having previously been slightly concave, are abraded or rounded increasingly from about the central region of thebody portion 18 to the opposite ends thereof, where relatively long radius abraded or rounded comer end surfaces 46 and 48 are provided adjacent the wedgingportion 22 and thebase portion 20, respectively. Inasmuch as the base end of thebody portion 18 is more exposed, the abraded surfaces 48 thereat ordinarily will be of greater extent than the opposite end surfaces 46. In general, the abradedpolygon corners 32 will tend to taper slightly in the direction of thebase portion 20.

Theinsert 12 is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5 as being inserted in a generally circular insert opening orhole 50 extending inwardly from a workingface 52 of adrill member 54, the opening being defined by asidewall 56 and a bottom or endwall 58. In the conventional structures, theopening 50 is drilled so as to provide a generally cylindrical sidewall corresponding to thesidewall 56 which, however, suffers from irregularities, frequently widening in a direction from thebottom wall 58 to the workingface 52. Consequently, the opening conventionally is reamed after heat treatment to render its configuration more nearly cylindrical.

In the invention, theopening 50 is drilled so as to provide an outwardly divergent conical orfrustoconical rim 60 forming the outer end of thesidewall 56, adjacent to the workingface 52, so that theinsert opening 50 terminates in a corresponding outwardly divergent conical mouth. The opening having the conical mouth may be provided readily in a single operation, employing a drill having an appropriate reaming or cutting edge for forming therim 60. Inasmuch as therim 60 is formed when the hole is nearly complete and the drill is well centered, imperfections previously occuring at the workingface 52 are corrected, with the formation of a substantially conical rim.

Therim 60 of thesidewall 56, like theconical side 42 of theinsert wedging portion 22, preferably diverges at an angle of about 4-6 from thelongitudinal axis 28a of theinsert opening 50, which is substantially coincident with thelongitudinal axis 28 of the insert. In the illustrative embodiment, the angle of divergency is about 5". The diameter of therim 60 at the workingface 52 is slightly less than the diameter of theinsert wedging portion 22 at itsouter end 38, to provide for a wedging fit of the wedging portion in the mouth of the openmg.

The specification diameter of theinsert opening 50 below therim 60 is the same as the specification size of theinsert body portion 18, as measured between the centers of opposite polygon sides 26, to provide for an interference fit between the body portion and thesidewall 56 of the opening. Thebody portion corners 32 penetrate thesidewall 56 and become wedged in the wall, providing secure anchoring and resistance to turning. The insert mounting further serves to correct for drilling errors while the steel of the drill member conforms to the configuration of the polygon. Drilling errors may be relatively slight near the bottom of thesidewall 56, where the insert diameter is slightly less as a result of abrasive tumbling. The upper regions of thesidewall 56 are more likely to suffer from imperfection such as widening, out-of-round, and loss of resiliency. In these regions, the diameter of thebody portion 18 of the insert will be slightly greater after tumbling.

Theinsert opening 50 is drilled with a drill bit providing aconical bottom wall 58 inclined at about 20-25 from a plane perpendicular to theaxis 28a, corresponding to the inclination of thebeveled edge 34 of theinsert 12, for firm seating of the insert on the bottom wall. Also, the drill bit may be provided with rounded corners so as to form arounded comer 62 around the junction of thebottom wall 58 and thesidewall 56.

The structure is well adapted for mounting theinsert 112 in theopening 50 without scoring, distorting or weakening the workingface 52 in the critical area around therim 60, such as might otherwise lead to loss of support for the insert in this area. Thus, theconical rim 60 serves to funnel the base portion 20 of the insert into theopening 50, with therounded bottom corner 44 and thebeveled edge 34 of thebase portion 20 cooperating in achieving proper insertion. As seen in FIG. 4, thecomers 32 of thebody portion 18 commence wedging into thesidewall 56 at about the midpoint of therim 60, at points spaced below the workingface 52, leaving an unaltered smoothannular wedging surface 60a on the outer end of the rim adjacent the working face. As seen in FIG. 5, theouter wedging surface 42a on theinsert wedging portion 22 ultimately contacts the rimouter surface 60a and then becomes tightly wedged therein as theouter end 38 of the wedging portion reaches a position substantially flush with the workingface 52. Thebody portion 18 of the insert then engages thesidewall 56 in an interference fit, securely anchoring the body portion and resisting rotation thereof. Theinsert base portion 20 is seated on the bottom wall S8 of the opening. The wedgingportion 22 is wedged in the mouth of the opening under high compressive force, to support the insert securely against bending stresses, while the engagement of thebody portion 18 resists bending and torsional stresses.

FIGS. 79 illustrate additional embodiments of the insert of the invention having differently constructed head portions, and various other head portions may be provided. Achisel insert 64 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, which includes abase portion 66, apolygonal body portion 68, and aconical wedging portion 69 constructed like therespective base portion 20,body portion 18, and wedgingportion 22 of theabovedescribed insert 12. Theinsert 64 includes a chisel-type head portion 70 of generally cylindrical configuration, having outermost planar faces 72 disposed at an inclined angle of about 1 10 and terminating at an outermost narrowtransverse cutting edge 74. The periphery of the base of thehead portion 70 is coincident with the periphery of the wedgingportion 69. As with the precedinginsert 12, thechisel insert 64 is mounted with the outer end of the wedgingportion 69 flush with the working face of a drill member, and thehead portion 70 projects from the working face and is firmly supported for resisting bending and torsional stresses.

FIG. 9 illustrates aninsert 76 having abase portion 78, apolygonal body portion 80, and aconical wedging portion 82 like the inserts of the preceding embodiments. An outwardly convergentfrustoconical head portion 84 on the wedgingportion 82 has a base periphery coincident with the periphery of the wedging portion. Theinsert 76 is adapted for providing wear resistance in susceptible areas of drill members, and it is firmly mounted in an opening as with either of the preceding inserts. Similarly, an insert according to the invention may be provided wherein the head portion, such as theportion 84, is omitted, for applications wherein the insert is intended principally to impart wear resistance. While the inserts employed for wear resistance may not be subjected to bending and torsional stresses of the magnitude to which inserts having projecting head portions are subjected, they nevertheless tend to loosening in their openings, ,as a result of deficiencies in mounting and/or wear around the mounting openings. The new structure protects against loss of inserts.

FIGS. l and 2 are illustrative of the manner in which the insert of the invention may be employed to advantage in drill members. Thedrill bit 10 of FIG. 1 includes a conventional bit body ll, of which only theimpact end 88 is illustrated. In the complete structure, a shank is integral with the impact end and serves for connection with a drilling tool including passage means for supplying water or other fluid to a centrallongitudinal fluid passageway 90 in the bit body. Theimpact end 88 includes a slightly tapered frustoconicalouter base portion 92 and an inner frustoconical connecting portion 94 joining the base portion to the shank of the bit body. Thefluid passageway 90 communicates withbranch passageways 96 which discharge flushing fluid from thebase portion 92.

Working faces or surfaces are provided by thebase portion 92 of the bit body 11, including atransverse end face 98 on the bottom of the bit, aside face 100 extending upwardly and slightly inwardly from the end face, and acorner face 101 at an angle to theend face 98 around the periphery of the base portion, oneinsert 12a being illustrated as mounted in such comer face. The several faces are provided with insert openings orholes 50 such as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. Theinserts 12 are mounted in the openings as shown in such views and described above. Theoptional insert 14 may constitute theinsert 76 illustrated in FIG. 9, mounted in an opening like theopenings 50.

Fragmentation of a formation is effected principally at theend face 98 having theinserts 12, and at thecorner face 101 having theinserts 12a. Theinsert 14 serves to maintain the gauge of the bit. Alternatively, inserts providing additional cutting action may be mounted in theside face 100 or other corresponding structure, such as illustrated in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,382,940, wherein the impact end of the bit includes a separable head. The inserts and mounting structure according to the invention serve to reduce the incidence of insert fracture and loss, while fully projecting from the working faces for maintaining clearance between the bit body and the formation and also being advantageous for use in softer formations.

Theroller cutter 16 shown in FIG. 2 includes aconventional cutter body 17 provided with a plurality of outwardly extending circumferential disc orweb portions 104 and 106, and bearingraces 108 and 110.Recesses 112 are provided in the disc portions. Relatively small formation breaking lands 114 are provided on thebody 17, between thedisc portions 104 and 106.Inserts 12 are mounted inopenings 50 in thedisc portions 104 and 106, in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.

Thecutter 16 is designed for cutting kerfs orgrooves 116 and 118 in the face of aformation 120 by means of theinserts 12. The formation breaking lands 1 14 assist in breaking uncut portions of the formation between the kerfs. Alternate inserts 12 on each of thedisc portions 104 and 106 are angled outwardly in opposite directions with respect to each other. The design is intended to protect thedisc portions 104 and 106 from wear as much as possible, while penetrating the formation. Accordingly, it is desirable that theinserts 12 project outwardly as far as possible without excessive fracture and loss.

Theinserts 12 according to the invention serve to provide the desired outward projection from thedisc portions 104 and 106, affording clearance of the disc portions from the formation and also the desired penetration of the formation. The resistance to bending and torsional stresses provided by the inserts and their mounting is especially advantageous in roller cutters, inasmuch as they are subjected to heavy stresses of these types.

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates further advantages of the invention. In this view, a half section of theinsert 12 of the invention is comparatively illustrated adjacent to a half section of aconventional insert 122, as they are mounted in the workingface 124 of a disc orweb portion 126 of a disc-type roller cutter. The view illustratesinsert head portions 24 and 128 of equal diameter, whereas thebody portions 18 of theinsert 12 has a smaller diameter and is employed with a smaller insert opening than thebody portion 130 of theinsert 122. Consequently, a greater thickness ofsteel wall 132 remains between the insert opening and the outer surface of thedisc portion 126 employing theinsert 12 than remains in thewall 134 employing theinsert 122. The support thus is greater for theinsert 12 and more protection against wear is afforded, further serving to reduce fracture and loss. Alternatively, the diameter of thehead portion 24 of theinsert 12 may be greater than that of thehead portion 128 of theinsert 122 for the same diameter body portion. The larger, more projectinghead portion 24 then provides greater impacting and cutting surface, more clearance from the formation, and greater penetration of soft formations.

The inserts l2, and other illustrative inserts, preferably are formed of tungsten carbide, also referred to as cemented tungsten carbide or cobalt sintered tungsten carbide. While such carbide is preferred, other carbide compositions might be employed where desirable, such as tantalum carbide, which however produces a more brittle insert.

Drill member inserts most frequently fall in the range of about three-eighths to five-eighths inch in diameter, with onehalf inch and five-eights inch sizes being most frequently used. The inserts of such sizes as provided according to the invention (the size diameter being measured between the centers of opposite polygon sides 26) preferably have at least about 12 sides up to about 22 sides in the polygonal body portion, such as thebody portion 18 of theinsert 12. Preferably, 18 to 22 sides are provided in the %-inch to Ks-inch size inserts, with 20 sides being further preferred. Thebody portion 18 as molded may have a substantially constant diameter, or it may be tapered slightly in the direction of thebase portion 20. Thus, when tapered, thebody portion 18 preferably is tapered about one-sixteenth inch per foot of the length for short inserts, e.g., havingbody portions 18 about three-eighths inch in length, and about one thirty-second inch per foot for longer inserts, e.g., havingbody portions 18 about three-fourths inch in length.

The depth or thickness of the wedgingportion 22, measured along thelongitudinal axis 28 between theouter end 38 and theinner end 40 of the wedging portion, preferably is on the order of one-eighth inch for 20 polygon sides 26. The depth of the wedging portion may be varied, depending upon the number ofpolygon sides 26, so as to provide a suitablesmooth wedging surface 42a on the outer end of the wedging portion.

The molded and sinteredinsert 12 preferably is abraded sufficiently to substantially correct for shrinkage in thecentral region 30 of the body portion, especially in the zone adjacent to thebase portion 20. The insert is tumbled in an abrasive medium to provide the abraded or rounded corner ends 46 and 48, with abrasion occuring to a progressively lesser extent in the direction of thecentral region 30. The abrading operation preferably is conducted by barrel-tumbling in an abrasive medium, such as aluminum oxide and silicon rock wetted with a basarwater solution, in a conventional manner such as sometimes referred to as prehoning" when applied to cutting inserts for shop tools.

As noted above, theinsert openings 50 in the drill members have about the same diameter below therim 60 as the specification size of thebody portion 18, measured between the centers ofopposite sides 26. Relatively wide variation in the size of the insert opening is permissible, and the opening need not be true, so that reaming following heat treatment may be dispensed with. Also as noted above, the diameter of theouter end 38 of the wedgingportion 22 is slightly greater than the diameter of therim 60 of theinsert opening 50 at the workingface 52, e.g., about 0.004 inch greater for a %-inch diameter insert, to provide for a wedging fit.

The invention thus provides a new and improved insert overcoming prior problems and providing advantages in mounting the insert in a drill member so as to minimize fracture and loss, and a more serviceable drilling unit incorporating the drill member and the insert. While preferred embodimerits of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein within the spirit and scope of the invention. It is intended that such changes and modifications be included within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

l. A solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert adapted for forcible insertion into an opening in a working face of a drill member which comprises a generally polygonal body portion having at least about 12 sides extending between a base end and an opposite head end thereof, and

a generally conical wedging portion on said head end of the body portion diverging outwardly therefrom and having an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the body portion,

said wedging portion intersecting said body portion whereby the corners formed by said body portion sides terminate intermediate the outer and inner ends of the wedging portion to provide a smooth annular wedging surface on the outer end of the wedging portion,

said body and wedging portions being insertable into said working face opening for mounting them therein with said body portion engaging the wall of said opening in an interference fit and said outer end of the wedging portion wedged in said opening adjacent said working face.

2. An insert as defined in claim 1 wherein said wedging portion diverges at an angle of about 4-6 from the longitudinal axis of said body portion.

3. An insert as defined in claim 1 wherein said body portion has about 18 to 22 sides.

4. An insert as defined in claim 1 wherein said metallic carbide comprises tungsten carbide.

5. An insert as defined in claim 1 having a head portion on the outer end of said wedging portion.

6. A unit for drilling earth formations comprising a drill member having a working face provided with a generally circular insert opening extending inwardly therefrom, said opening terminating at said working face in an outwardly divergent conical mouth, and

an insert as defined in claim I mounted in said opening, the

body portion of said insert engaging the wall of said opening in an interference fit, and the outer end of the wedging portion of said insert being wedged in the mouth of said opening.

7. A unit as defined in claim 6 wherein said drill member is a rotary-percussion drill bit body.

8. A unit as defined in claim 6 wherein said drill member is a roller cutter body.

9. A unit as defined in claim 6 wherein said insert is constructed of tungsten carbide.

10. A solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert lllll adapted for forcible insertion into an opening in a working face of a drill member which comprises a generally polygonal body portion having about 18 to 22 sides extending between a base end and an opposite head end thereof, and

a generally conical wedging portion on said head end of the body portion diverging outwardly therefrom at an angle of about 46 from the longitudinal axis of the body portion and having an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the body portion,

said wedging portion intersecting said body portion whereby the corners formed by said body portion sides terminate intermediate the outer and inner ends of the wedging portion to provide a smooth annular wedging surface on the outer end of the wedging portion,

said body and wedging portions being insertable into said working face opening for mounting them therein with said body portion engaging the wall of said opening in an interference fit and said outer end of the wedging portion wedged in said opening adjacent said working face.

llll. An insert as defined inclaim 10 wherein said metallic carbide comprises tungsten carbide.

12. An insert as defined in claim llll having a generally hemispherical head portion on the outer end of said wedging portion and conterminous therewith.

13. A unit for drilling earth formations comprising a drill member having a working face provided with a generally circular insert opening extending inwardly erefrom, said opening terminating at said working face in a conical mouth diverging outwardly at an angle of about 46 from the longitudinal axis of the opening, and

an insert as defined in claim 6 mounted in said opening, the

body portion of said insert engaging the wall of said opening in an interference fit, and the outer end of the wedging portion of said insert being wedged in the mouth of said opening.

14. A unit as defined in claim 13 wherein said drill member is a rotary-percussion drill bit body.

15. A unit as defined in claim 13 wherein said drill member is a roller cutter body.

16. A unit as defined in claim 13 wherein said drill member is a disc roller cutter body having said working face on a disc portion thereof.

17. A unit as defined inclaim 16 wherein said insert is constructed of tungsten carbide.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,603,414 Dated September 7 1971 Inventor(s) FRANK E LEY It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 10,line 32, change "6" to --10--; and

Column 6, line 43, change "inclined" to -inc1uded--.

signed and sealed this 28th day of March 1972.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,J'R. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer- Commissioner of Patents

Claims (17)

1. A solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert adapted for forcible insertion into an opening in a working face of a drill member which comprises a generally polygonal body portion having at least about 12 sides extending between a base end and an opposite head end thereof, and a generally conical wedging portion on said head end of the body portion diverging outwardly therefrom and having an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the body portion, said wedging portion intersecting said body portion whereby the corners formed by said body portion sides terminate intermediate the outer and inner ends of the wedging portion to provide a smooth annular wedging surface on the outer end of the wedging portion, said body and wedging portions being insertable into said working face opening for mounting them therein with said body portion engaging the wall of said opening in an interference fit and said outer end of the wedging portion wedged in said opening adjacent said working face.

2. An insert as defined in claim 1 wherein said wedging portion diverges at an angle of about 4*-6* from the longitudinal axis of said body portion.

3. An insert as defined in claim 1 wherein said body portion has about 18 to 22 sides.

4. An insert as defined in claim 1 wherein said metallic carbide comprises tungsten carbide.

5. An insert as defined in claim 1 having a head portion on the outer end of said wedging portion.

6. A unit for drilling earth formations comprising a drill member having a working face provided with a generally circular insert opening extending inwardly therefrom, said opening terminating at said working face in an outwardly divergent conical mouth, and an insert as defined in claim 1 mounted in said opening, the body portion of said insert engaging the wall of said opening in an interference fit, and the outer end of the wedging portion of said insert being wedged in the mouth of said opening.

7. A unit as defined in claim 6 wherein said drill member is a rotary-percussion drill bit body.

8. A unit as defined in claim 6 wherein said drill member is a roller cutter body.

9. A unit as defined in claim 6 wherein said insert is constructed of tungsten carbide.

10. A solid wear-resistant sintered metallic carbide insert adapted for forcible insertion into an opening in a working face of a drill member which comprises a generally polygonal body portion having about 18 to 22 sides extending between a base end and an opposite head end thereof, and a generally conical wedging portion on said head end of the body portion diverging outwardly therefrom at an angle of about 4*-6* from the longitudinal axis of the body portion and having an outer diameter greater than the diameter of the body portion, said wedging portion intersecting said body portion whereby the corners formed by said body portion sides terminate intermediate the outer and inner ends of the wedging portion to provide a smooth annular wedging surface on the outer end of the wedging portion, said body and wedging portions being insertable into said working face opening for mounting them therein with said body portion engaging the wall of said opening in an interference fit and said outer end of the wedging portion wedged in said opening adjacent said working face.

11. An insert as defined in claim 10 wherein said metallic carbide comprises tungsten carbide.

12. An insert as defined in claim 11 having a generally hemispherical head portion on the outer end of said wedging portion and conterminous therewith.

13. A unit for drilling earth formations comprising a drill member having a working face prOvided with a generally circular insert opening extending inwardly therefrom, said opening terminating at said working face in a conical mouth diverging outwardly at an angle of about 4*-6* from the longitudinal axis of the opening, and an insert as defined in claim 6 mounted in said opening, the body portion of said insert engaging the wall of said opening in an interference fit, and the outer end of the wedging portion of said insert being wedged in the mouth of said opening.

14. A unit as defined in claim 13 wherein said drill member is a rotary-percussion drill bit body.

15. A unit as defined in claim 13 wherein said drill member is a roller cutter body.

16. A unit as defined in claim 13 wherein said drill member is a disc roller cutter body having said working face on a disc portion thereof.

17. A unit as defined in claim 16 wherein said insert is constructed of tungsten carbide.

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