US3592198A - Obstetrical instrument for fetus extraction - Google Patents

Abstract

A surgical instrument, such as an obstetrical forceps has a flexible member made of vinyl plastic sheets. The member has closed wall portions that form a caplike shape. A capillary network inside the walls of the member is connected through a flexible tube to a source of temperature-controlled circulating water. A thermosensitive compound surrounds the network and forms a matrix of compound that is softened or hardened by changes in the water temperature. While the matrix is soft, the caplike member is fitted like a glove on the fetal skull; the matrix is then hardened, making the forceps self-retaining.

Description

C United States Patent 113,592498 {72] Inventor Evan I". Evlns 3,227,154 1/1966 Cook 128/2 3755 Washington Blvd.. Ogden, Utlll 3,312,222 4/1967 Dwyer 128/361 X 403 3,375,822 4/1968 Rose 128/90 [2]] Appl. No. 679,442 3,403,676 10/1968 Gibbons 128/87 1 F1104 FOREIGN PATENTS [451 327,021 12/1902 France 264/222 Primary Examiner-Dalton L. Truluck 1 1 OBSTEmcAL INSTRUMENT FOR FETUS Attorneys-Kenyon and Kenyon and Reilly, Carr 8L C hapin EXTRACTION 8 Claims, 6 Drawing Figs.

[52] US. Cl. 128/352, ABSTRACT: A surgical'insuumemI such as an obstetrical 128/20 128/36] ceps has a flexible member made of vinyl plastic sheets. The [51] IILCI A611 17/42 member has c|sd n portions mat form a caplike shape. A 1501 M Sank capillary network inside the walls of the member is connected 20; Nils-2641222 through a flexible tube to a source of temperature-controlled [56] References Cited circulating water. A thermosensitive compound surrounds the network and forms a matrix of compound that rs softened or UNITED STATES PATENTS hardened by changes in the water temperature. While the 3 l /1Fw 12 1 matrix is soft, the capiike member is fitted like a glove on the 2.194.989 3/1940 Torpin l28/3 l fetal skull; the matrix is then hardened, making the forceps 3,048,169 8/1962 Pierce 128/90 self-retai in PATENTEUJULI3l97I 3.592198sum 1 or 3 IL l. INVENTUR.

EVA/Y F A 5 OBSTETRICAL INSTRUMENT FOR FETUS EXTRACTION BACKGROUND OF INVENTION The invention relates to surgical instruments and in particular to self-retaining surgical instruments, as well as to surgical techniques and methods for using such instruments.

One conventional surgical instrument used in abdominal surgery is the Balfor self-retaining retractor. This retractor holds open the abdominal incision; the surgical procedure involved in using this retractor requires the use of laparotomy sponges to pack off organs, such as the bowel, from the surgical field.

Since metal support members hold the Balfor retractor rigid, these members, which impinge upon the pelvic veins, can produce thrombophlebitis, if the retractor is not very carefully used; moreover, the cloth laparotomy sponges used with the Balfor retractor are irritating to the bowel and often produce postoperative ileus, so that the patient is not able to eat before three or more days after the operation.

Another conventional surgical instrument is the obstetrical forceps used to assist fetal delivery in the process of child birth, which occurs in three natural stages. In the first stage, the cervical orifice of the uterus opens, preparatory to expulsion of the fetus; the fetus is expelled in the second stage, and the placenta displaced in the third stage.

Although known obstetrical forceps have various shapes, sizes, and operating principles, none of these can be used dur ing the first stage of child birth, prior to complete dilation of the maternal cervix. Consequently, a persistent occiput posterior presentation of the fetal skull cannot be corrected prior to entry of the fetus into the vaginal canal. Inability to change the presentation of the fetal skull, at the most auspicious time, results, especially in the delivery of a first born child, in extending the labor for by 2 to 12 hours.

Furthermore, conventionally used forceps, that have metal portions or that are based on vacuum suction principles, involve serious risk ofinjury to both the mother and child.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION It is an object of the invention to provide self-retaining plastic surgical instruments, and in particular, disposable instruments of such kind.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a self-retaining plastic obstetrical forceps, usable during the first stage in the process of child birth.

It is another object of the invention to provide a self-retaining plastic surgical retractor, whose use in abdominal surgery minimizes the development of vena thrombophlebitis and postoperative ileus.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a method for shortening the duration of labor by correcting a persistent occiput posterior presentation of the fetal skull during the first stage ofchild birth.

In accordance with the invention, a surgical instrument comprises a flexible member, having closed wall portions, made of a physiologically inert nontoxic material. A hardcnable compound is placed in the cavity defined by the wall portions of the member, that additionally has a scalable opening therein, including means for supplying a hardening agent to the cavity, thereby to harden the compound, making the in strument self-retaining.

Other objects and a complete understanding of the invention are had by reference to the description and claims taken with the drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows, in schematic form, the use of one embodiment of surgical instrument constructed in accordance with the invention.

FIGS. 2, 3 show details of the forceps portrayed in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 being taken along section line 3-3.

FIG. 4 shows, in schematic form, the use of another embodiment of surgical instrument constructed in accordance with the invention.

FIGS. 5, 6 shown details of the retractor portrayed in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 being taken along section line 55.

In these drawings, like reference numbers are used to identify like parts of the structures shown.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIM ENT Referring to FIGSv l, 2 and 3, a surgical instrument such as an obstetrical forceps I0, has a flexible member ll made of a physiologically inert and nontoxic material, such as vinyl plastic in sheet form. The sheets are folded to form closed wall portions I2, giving the members acaplike shape 13. The member II has a scalable opening Ila, including means for supplying a hardening agent to thecavity 14 defined by thewall portions 12 of the member.

The supplying means can include flexible tubes [5, connected to a capillary network [6 in the cavity I4. A hardcnable compound, placed in thecavity 14, surrounds the capillary network forming a matrix I7 of the hardenable compound.

Various compositions are usable as the hardcnablc compound and hardening agent. For example, the hardenablc compound can be selected from a group of thermosensitive organic compositions, that reversibly change from solid to liquid phase in a temperature range, for example from F. to I20 F. In this case, the hardening agent can be water or other similar fluid or gas circulating frompump source 18, throughtubes 15 to the capillary network [6, thence back to thepump source 18 for recirculation. Thepump source 18 can contain a heater element and a thermostat control (not shown) for regulating the temperature of the agent used, over the temperature range appropriate for the hardenable compound selected.

The forceps member 11 is applied to the fetal skull, when thematrix 17 of hardenable compound is liquefied by the circulation of the hardening agent, as described; after application of the forceps, the member ll is made self-retaining by lower ing the temperature of the circulating hardening agent, thereby to solidify the matrix [7 of hardenable material. The forceps can be removed after use by raising the temperature of the circulating hardening agent, thereby to liquefy the matrix I7 of hardenable material.

Specific examples of thermosensitive organic compositions, for purposes of illustration are 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol and l-Tetradecanol, the former reversible changes from solid to liquid phase with a temperature change from l00 F. to l l0 F., and the latter reversibly changes from solid to liquid phase with a temperature change from 96 F. to 98 F.

This example of obstetrical forceps can be used during the first stage of childbirth to correct a persistent occiput poste rior presentation of the fetal skull, shown schematically in FIG. 1, thereby shortening the labor from 2 to 12 hours. Conven tional forceps cannot be used prior to complete dilation of the maternal cervix, for example, l0 centimeters; however, by circulating fluid or gas at an appropriate temperature, through thecapillary network 16, the hardenable compound is placed in its liquid state. Hence, the flexible member 11 can be inserted into the uterus through thecervical opening 19 prior to complete dilation of the cervix, for example, when the opening is 5 centimeters in diameter. A means, secured to the member 11, for manipulation thereof such as, for example, tubes I5 or supplementaryflexible handle 20, allows placement of the caplikeflexible member 1!, over thefetal skull 21, which it fits like a glove. At this time, the temperature of the circulating fluid or gas is lowered to the appropriate point, thereby solidifying the hardenable compound matrix, making the forceps member II self-retaining. By applying light traction, for example, 2 pounds weight, and rotation to the tubes I5 orflexible handle 20, the fetal skull can be rotated to present a smaller skull diameter to the maternal pelvis, for example, from I! centimeters to 9.5 centimeters diameter, thereby to shorten the labor.

Other kinds of thermosensitive hardenable compounds and hardening agents can be used in the surgical instruments constructed in accordance with the invention. For example, the compound and agent respectively can be the chemical reactants necessary to produce a polyurethane foam composition, upon mixing thereof. In another example, the hardenable compound can be a polyepoxide resin, and the hardening agent can be the resins curing agent, that reacts with the resin to produce a hardened epoxy composition.

In these cases, a chemical reaction between the hardenablc compound and the hardening agent changes thematrix 17 of hardcnable compound from its liquid phase to the hardened product of the chemical reaction, To effect mixing, a large number of holes can be formed in the walls of the capillary network [6; the hardening agent is added, after the surgical instrument is fitted, through the tubes to the capillary network [6, thence to thematrix 17 to initiate the chemical reaction, thereby making the instrument self-retaining.

Since the resultant chemical product is fairly brittle or easily torn, the instrument can be removed by fracturing the resultant product. Moreover, the instrument can be provided with zipperlike fittings to facilitate fracturing and removal of the instrument.

It is preferred that generally flexible polyurethane foams be used, for example, such as those obtained by reacting a thermosensitive isocyanate or prepolymer thereof with a moderately high molecular weight thermosensitive polyol, having a low degree of branching, such as a polyether based on condensates of polyhydric alcohols, as compared to the generally rigid and inflexible polyurethane foams produced by the chemical reaction between crude polymeric isocyantes, such as crude toluene diisocyanate, and a low molecular weight polyol, having a high degree of branching.

Another embodiment of surgical instrument, a surgical retractor used in abdominal surgery, is shown schematically in FIGS. 4, 5, 6. Thesurgical retractor 22 includes aflexible member 23, having closedwall portions 24 made of a physiologically inert and nontoxic material, such as vinyl plastic in sheet form. Themember 23 has a ring or O-shape; themember 23 has a sealable opening 230, including means for supplying a hardening agent to the cavity [4 defined by thewall portions 24 of themember 23. The supplying means can include flexible tubes l5. connected to acapillary network 16 in thecavity 14. A hardening compound, placed in thecavity 14, surrounds the network l6, forming amatrix 17 of hardenable compound.

The various compositions listed above, as respective hardening compounds and hardening agents, can be used in this embodiment of surgical instrument; the hardening agent can be added throughtubes 15 in the manner described above with respect to the forceps.

During abdominal surgery, the above describedretractor 22, whoseflexible member 23 can be made invarious size diameters 25, is placed, while the hardening compound is in its liquid state, in theincision 26, with aportion 27 of themember 23 cupped over the wound edge. Since the hardenable compound is in liquefied form theretractor member 23 can be easily fitted to the contours of the incision; moreover, themember wall portions 24 serve as a smooth plastic dam to hold organs, such as the small bowel, out of the field of surgery, obviating the need for cloth laparotomy sponges. After the retractor is fitted to the incision, the hardening agent is supplied to the capillary network to solidify the matrix [7 of hardenable compound, making theretractor member 23 selfretaining.

After the use of the surgical instruments here described, they can be removed, for example, by liquefying the hardenable matrix [7 or by fracturing the matrix of chemically solidified compound.

Furthermore, it is obvious that when chemically solidifiable compounds are used to form matrix [7, other means, for supplying a hardening agent to thecavity 14, can be used in place of thetube 15, capillar network [6 structure.

For example,tube 1 can terminate in a flexible bulbous appendage, that is filled with a suitable hardening agent; a clamp on thetube 15 can be used to prevent entry of the agent into the cavity [4 until desired. Opening the clamp and squeezing the appendage results in forcing the agent into thecavity 14, thereby to solidify the hardenable compound therein, making the surgical instrument sclf'rctaining.

Furthermore, when the thermosensitive hardenable compound is hardened by chemical rcaction, thecapillary network 16 can be used to circulate a heated fluid through the flexible member, during the chemical reaction, to decrease the reaction time.

It is to be understood that, while specific embodiments of the invention have been described and shown, variations in structural detail within the scope of the appended claims are possible and are contemplated. There is no intention, therefore, of limitation to the exact abstract or disclosure herein presentedv What I claim is:

I. An obstetrical forceps comprising,

a. a flexible member, having closed wall portions defining a cavity and forming a caplike shape, made ofa physiologically inert and nontoxic material;

b. means, secured thereto, for manipulating the member;

c. a hardenable compound in said cavity; and

d. a scalable opening in the member, including means for supplying a hardening agent to said cavity, thereby to harden the compound, making the forceps self-retaining.

2. The obstetrical forceps according to claim I in which the hardenable compound is a thermosensitive composition.

3. The obstetrical forceps according to claim 2 in which the hardenable compound comprises 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol.

4. The obstetrical forceps according to claim 2 in which the hardenable compound comprises l-Tetradecanol.

5. An obstetrical forceps comprising:

a. a flexible member, having closed wall portions defining a cavity and forming a caplike shape, the member being made ofa physiologically inert and nontoxic material;

b. a capillary network in said cavity;

c. means, secured thereto, for manipulating the member;

d. a hardenable compound surrounding the network in said cavity, thereby forming a matrix of hardenable compound; and

e. a scalable opening in the member, including means, coupled to the capillary network, for supplying a hardening agent to the capillary network, thereby to solidify the matrix of compound, making the forceps self-retaining.

6. The obstetrical forceps according toclaim 5 in which the hardenable compound is a thermosensitive composition.

7. The obstetrical forceps according toclaim 6 in which the hardenable compound comprises 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol.

8. The obstetrical forceps according toclaim 6 in which the hardenable compound comprises l-Tetradecanol.

Claims (8)

1. An obstetrical forceps comprising, a. a flexible member, having closed wall portions defining a cavity and forming a caplike shape, made of a physiologically inert and nontoxic material; b. means, secured thereto, for manipulating the member; c. a hardenable compound in said cavity; and d. a sealable opening in the member, including means for supplying a hardening agent to said cavity, thereby to harden the compound, making the forceps self-retaining.

2. The obstetrical forceps according to claim 1 in which the hardenable compound is a thermosensitive composition.

3. The obstetrical forceps according to claim 2 in which the hardenable compound comprises 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol.

4. The obstetrical forceps according to claim 2 in which the hardenable compound comprises 1-Tetradecanol.

5. An obstetrical forceps comprising: a. a flexible member, having closed wall portions defining a cavity and forming a caplike shape, the member being made of a physiologically inert and nontoxic material; b. a capillary network in said cavity; c. means, secured thereto, for manipulating the member; d. a hardenable compound surrounding the network in said cavity, thereby forming a matrix of hardenable compound; and e. a sealable opening in the member, including means, coupled to the capillary network, for supplying a hardening agent to the capillary network, thereby to solidify the matrix of compound, making the forceps self-retaining.

6. The obstetrical forceps according to claim 5 in which the hardenable compound is a thermosensitive composition.

7. The obstetrical forceps according to claim 6 in which the hardenable compound comprises 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butaneDiol.

8. The obstetrical forceps according to claim 6 in which the hardenable compound comprises 1-Tetradecanol.

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