US3529594A - Clothing to protect the environment from contamination - Google Patents

Description

United States Patent Inventor John Charnley,

Naemoor, South Road, Hale, Cheshire, England Appl. No. 746,426

Filed July 22, 1968 Patented Sept. 22, 1970 CLOTHING TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT FROMCONTAMINATION 12 Claims, 5 Drawing Figs.

U.S. Cl 128/ 139, 2/2,128/142.5

Int. Cl A62b 7/02 Field of Search... 128/142.5,

142.4,142.6;2/222/(lnquired): 128/139,145. 140, 142.3; Z/(Surgical Garnet Digest) [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,560,997 11/1925 Kelly 2/48 2,144,611 1/1939 Biggs 128/141 2,448,021 8/1948 De Grazia 2/205 2,896,617 7/1959 Gibbons 128/145 3,011,172 12/1961 Tames 2/51 3,058,463 10/1962 Goodrich..... 128/139 3,137,295 6/1964 Stansfield 128/142.3

Primary Examiner-Richard A. Gaudet Assistant Examiner-G. F. Dunne Attorney-Kenwood Ross ABSTRACT: An article of protective clothing for protecting, for example, an environment from contamination by a wearer. The clothing comprises a gown cooperating with a face mask which has a suction line connected thereto to enable contaminated air to be drawn out through such suction pipe instead of escaping into the environment.

Patented Sept. 22, 1970 Sheet 1' of4 INVENTOR: JOHN CHARNLEY VBY ATTORN EY.

Patented Sept. 22, 1970 Sheet Patented Sept. 22,1970

Sheet 2 of;

I ATTORNEY.

Patentea Sept. 22, 1970 INVENTOR: JOHN CHARNLEY ATTORNEY.

BACKGROUND OF THEINVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention concerns an article of protective clothing for example, for protecting an environment from contamination by a wearer, and suitable for use in preventing the emanation into the surrounding atmosphere of dust or epithelial scales from the underclothing and body of a wearer of the clothing when such wearer is required to enter and work in a sterile or dust-free environment such as, for example, a surgical operating theatre, a microbiological laboratory or factory, a food processing factory or the like.

2. The Prior Art It has been only recently recognised that the main source of air-borne bacteria in surgical operating theatres emanates as much from the surface of the human body, in the form of epthelial scales carrying bacteria, as from the more generally recognised source of the nose and mouth. Air entering a surgical operating theatre from a modern ventilating plant is almost sterile (approximately 0.1 colony per cubic foot) whereas the ambient air in the theatre may contain approximately 5.0 colonies per cubic foot as a result of contamination from personnel in the operating theatre. The same contamination figures quoted above are also applicable to industrial processes where workers have to share the same air as the product being manufactured.

One method of reducing the bacterial content of the air in such an environment is to increase the flow of filtered air through the theatre, chamber or factory, but it has been shown that to approach very sterile conditions by this means (i.e. to counteract the rate of emanation of contaminated particles from the operative or workers) would require at least 200 air changes of the whole theatre, chamber or factory per hour. This would be prohibitively expensive in electric power, maintenance of filters and the cost of the ventilation plant, and in the end this ventilation system would still not achieve complete sterility of the air in the ventilated working space.

The only way to achieve a very high degree of air cleanliness, without entailing enormous costs, is by combining an economically reasonable number of air changes per hour in the working space with clothing for the operatives or workers, such clothing being provided with means for extracting the bacteria or dust-laden air emanating from the body or underclothing of the operatives or workers.

Prior to the invention, attempts to use the idea of extracting contaminated air from the body at source especially in surgical operating theatres, have been based on air-tight clothing which has been developed from space-suits worn by astronauts and which totally encloses the wearer. However, the disadvantages of such space-suit type clothing are very numerous. For example, the clothing is very expensive and for personal reasons .and to maintain hygiene each operative would need his own clothing or suit. The clothing is clumsy and takes time and assistance to put on and take off. After being used only a few times the clothing becomes a potential infection-bearing source both inside and outside. It is impossible to provide a sterilised suit of this type for every occasion as in a surgical operating theatre each operative in the surgical team might need up to six suits per day. The'suit could be covered with a sterile gown but no advantage is gained by this since the contaminated suit underneath would be no cleaner than the ordinary outside clothes of the wearer.

Ideally such space-suit type clothing would have to be designed to work with the interior below atmospheric pressure so that in the event of a puncture occuring in the clothing air would be drawn into the clothing from the surrounding atmosphere instead of releasing contaminated air from the interior of the clothing. Maintaining the air pressure inside the clothing below atmospheric pressure while obtaining an even flow of air over the body of the wearer without the clothing collapsing onto the wears body due to the reduced internal pressure, presents great practical difficulties. The porous spacer linings needed to permit this flow of air have proved, in practical tests, to be hot and inefiicient.

It is an object of the invention to obviate the aforementioned disadvantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an article of protective clothing comprising a sleeved gown including an integrally formed hood having a front opening therein, a face mask positioned in said front opening, said face mask having a viewing aperture, connection means provided on said mask and connecting with the interior of said mask, and a suction line connected to said connection means.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a fragmentary front elevation of an embodiment of the protective clothing of the invention in position on a wearer;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation corresponding to FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the mask and suction lines shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-section of the mask shown in FIG. 3 in position on the wearer's head; and

FIG. 5 is a cross-section taken along the line VV in FIG. 4.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The drawings show an embodiment of an article of protective clothing, for preventing the emanation into the surrounding atmosphere of dust or epithelial scales from the under clothing or body of a wearer of the clothing, conforming to the invention and comprising a sleeved gown l0 and aface mask 11. The gown is formed with an integral hood I2 which has awide neck 13 and also includes an oval shaped front opening 14 therein. Thefront opening 14 is provided with apursestring 15 which extends around the periphery of the opening in anappropriate tunnel hem 16. Thegown 10, which is of a material impermeable to bacteria, dust particles or epithelial scales or the like, (such as a close woven cotton fabric), has an open bottom end or skirt (not shown) and is adapted so that such bottom end just reaches the floor or ground when thegown 10 is worn by awearer 17. Eachsleeve 18 of the gown is provided with elasticated cuffs I9.

Theface mask 11 comprises an arcuateplastics face plate 20 which is generally rectangular when viewed in front elevation. Theface piece 20 is stepped to provide amounting flange 21 for a detachable rectangular transparent Perspex (registeredtrademark)window 22. of themask 11. Thewindow 22 is provided with threeventilating inlet aperatures 23 spaced near to its bottom edge. Theface piece 20 also includes an inverted L-sectionedarcuate plastics member 24, the upright ofsuch member 24 being connected so as to be upstanding from alower flange 25 of thepiece 20 with the free end of the member abutting thewindow 22.Such member 24 has anarcuate intake 26 at the joining of its two limbs. At respective locations adjacent each end of themember 24, themember 24 and the adjacent outer part of theface piece 20 are shaped to provide generally circular sectionedconnections 27 for accommodating respectiveflexible suction pipes 28, are connected by a three-limbed junction tube 29 to afurther suction pipe 30.

Thetop rim 31 of theface piece 20 is provided with aflexible pad 32, for engaging the forehead of the wearer 1-7.

A transverse locatingstrap 33 is attached to theface piece 20 adjacent each end of thepad 32, by arespective rivet 34. The free ends of thestrap 33 are adjustable connected together by alace 35 extending througheyes 36 in thestraps 33. Two supportingstraps 37 are connected to and extend from the upper edge of each of thestraps 33, the ends of each of thestraps 37 remote from thestraps 33 being provided with arespective tunnel 38 through which a further adjustinglace 39 extends. The positions of thestraps 33 and 37 are adjustable by means of therespective laces 35 and 39 so that thewearer 17 can place themask 11 comfortably on his head with thepad 32 abutting his forehead and. thestraps 33, 37 extending around the contours of his head (see FIG. 4).

The end of thefurther suction pipe 30 remote from thejunction tube 29 is provided with a connector (not shown) which is adapted to co-operate with a respective one of a plurality of suction connections (not shown) in the form of selfsealing valves to close the connections when they are not in use. The suction connections are connected by a system of suction manifolds to a main vacuum pipe which leads to one or more extractor fans.

The use of the protective clothing of the invention will now be described with particular reference to its use in a surgical operating theatre.

Theface mask 11 is first donned by thewearer 17 and thestraps 33, 37 of themask 11 adjusted by means of thelaces 35, 39 so that theface piece 20 comfortably covers the wearers face with thepad 32 abutting the wearer's forehead. In this position, thesuction pipes 28 held by theirrespective connections 27, can draw air from the region of the wearers nose and mouth through thearcuate intake 26.

A lanyard (not shown) connected to thejunction tube 29,

I can then be placed around the wearer's neck to take the weight of thefurther suction pipe 30 off themask 11. In order to hold thejunction tube 29 against any lateral pull from thefurther suction pipe 30 suchfurther suction pipe 30 can be provided with a clip (not-shown) which is attached to the ni dline or waistbelt of the wearers underclothing.

The gown may then be donned by the 7355;; r ft; pulling the open bottom end over his head like a night-shirt, to avoid any opening of thegown 10 down the back as is customary in surgical gowns. While drawing the gown over his head the wearer simultaneously feeds his arms into therespective sleeves 18 of the gown. This operation is continued until thehood 12 envelopes and leaves generally triangular shaped across at each side of the wearers head. Thefront opening 14 in thehood 12 may then be adjusted so that when thepurse string 15 is pulled tight, the periphery of thefront opening 14 is pulled tight against the mountingflange 21. Thewearer 17 then dons the usual plastic gloves worn in an operating theatre, such gloves extending over theelasticated cuffs 19 of el e 9% 1 .E"! .91

Thewearer 17 may then enter a surgical operating theatre. The end of the further suction pipe which is provided with the connector is then attached to a desired one of the suction connections provided in the suction manifolds disposed on the floor of the operating theatre.

The extractor fan or fans are then switched on and air is thereby drawn from the region of the eyes nose and mouth of thewearer 17, through thesuction pipes 28, 30 and the suction manifolds to the extractor fan or fans which are disposed outside the theatre. g

It will thus be appreciated that any contaminated air rising from the surface of the wearers body or his underclothes will rise into thehood 12, as thehood 12 has the generally triangular shaped spaces and is not constricted around its neck, and be drawn out through thesuction pipes 28, 30. Thus, the wearers body, which otherwise would become too hot owing to the substantial non-permeability of the gown to air is cooled by the flow of air induced thereover.

The depression of air pressure in thehood 12 of thegown 10, caused by thesuction pipes 28, 30 has the following important results. Firstly, it accelerates the ascending current of hot and contaminated air in thegown 10 which originally entered at the lower open end of thegown 10 thus reducing the chance of contaminated air passing out of the lower end of thegown 10. Secondly, spectacles may be worn as themask 11 does not fit the face with a hermetic seal and the air current caused by the suction lines prevents spectacles becoming steamed up with condensation.

Conversation with adjacent workers is facilitated in a way not possible with a completely sealed helmet.

The invention is not confined to the precise details of the foregoing example and variations may be made thereto.

For example, the suction line need not be branched and may simply be attached directly to themask 11. Also, the gown does not need to be of close woven cotton fabric and could be of a plastics or paper. Generally speaking, a fabric which is impermeable to bacteria and dust and the like and which is repeatedly autoclaved would probably be most commonly used, though a disposable paper or plastic gown could be used.

Instead of the purse-string 15, tapes could be attached to opposite ends of thehem 16 such tapes being adapted to be tied around the wearers head to draw thehem 16 against theface mask 11. It is an important feature of the design of the clothing that thewindow 22 is detachable from theface mask 1 1. To facilitate replacement of thewindow 22, four joggles" may be provided on the edge of the rectangular front aperture n .Wm "L n r sle tsa ltsid 9 haap Thus, when awindow 22 is being removed from or inserted into the aperture in theface mask 11,such window 22 may be slid easily through the joggles. It would thus be possible for thetransparent window 22 to be changed by an assistant if visibility became impaired, by for example, blood splashing onto the front of the window during the course of a surgical operation. By virtue of the window being readily detachable and disposable, it should always be possible to start each operation or procedure with a new window instead of having to use old windows which might have become scratched or otherwise impaired due to cleaning.

The leakage of air around the edges of the transparent window is of no importance since it merely encourages more air to be sucked past the wearers face for the purpose of refreshment. The main source of this refreshing air is sucked through the ventilatingapertures 23 in thewindow 22.

It is not necessary for the front of theface mask 11 to be closed by thedetchable window 22 and such window may be adapted to extend over, for example, the lower half or lower two-thirds of the rectangular front aperture of themask 11. The size of the resultant aperture left open at the front of the mask will be directly proportional to the rate at which air is sucked out through thesuction pipes 28, so that there is always a persistent inward air-flow through such aperture. Thus, it will be appreciated that if a high enough suction rate is used, the front of the mask may be left completely open. By using the mask with a completely or partially open face mask, the working conditions of the wearer can be rendered rather more pleasant than in the mask with the closed front, and conversation with adjacent workers is particularly facilitated.

Though thegown 10 described in the above embodiment is shaped like a nightshirt to be put on over the head of the wearer, thegown 10 may have a rear opening to facilitate application of thegown 10, such opening being adapted to be sealed closed when the gown is in use.

Instead of themask 11 being adapted to be supported on the wearers head by thestraps 33, 37 with thepad 32 in contact with the wearer's head it is possible for the mask to be adapted to be held against the wearers face, without thestraps 33, 37 in the manner of goggles or an underwater swimming mask.

Theface mask 11 need not necessarily be of a plastics material and could for example, be of metal or rubber. Also theface mask 11 may be adapted to surround the wearers eyes and nose or only the wearer's eyes.

Use of the protective clothing of the invention is not limited to surigical operating theatres and it can be used anywhere it is desired to have a sterile or dust-free atmosphere.

I claim:

1. An article of protective clothing comprising: a sleeved gown including an integrally formed hood having a front opening therein, a face mask positioned in the front opening and having a viewing aperture, connection means provided on the face mask and connecting with the interior of the face mask, a

suction line connected to the connection means, the face.

mask including a face piece generally rectangular in front elevation and comprising a stepped mounting flange extending around the periphery of the viewing aperture, a transparent window supported by the stepped mounting flange, and an inverted L-sectioned member having an intake therein, the connection means comprising respective connections at each end of the inverted L-sectioned member.

2. The article of protective clothing as set forth inclaim 1 and further including, a junction tube connected to one end of the suction line, and two secondary suction lines, each one of the secondary suction lines connected between a respective one of the connections and the junction tube.

3. The article of protective clothing as set forth inclaim 2, the suction line and secondary suction lines each comprising a respective flexible pipe.

4. The article of protective clothing as set forth inclaim 1 having a tunnel hem extending around the periphery of the front opening, and a purse-string slidably accommodated in the tunnel hem and removably securing the face mask in the front opening.

5. The article of protective clothing as set forth inclaim 1 and further including a transparent window located in the viewing aperture.

6. The article of protective clothing as set forth inclaim 1,

the face mask comprising a head harness including a plurality of straps for locating the face mask on a wearer's head, and a pad located on the face mask for abutting a'wearer's forehead. 10. The article of protective clothing as set forth inclaim 1, the gown comprising an open bottom end and adapted so that the bottom end just touches the ground when the gown is worn.

11. The article of protective clothing as set forth inclaim 1, the hood being generally triangular in front elevation to facilitate evacuation of the gown through the suction line.

12. The article of protective clothing as set forth inclaim 1, the gown comprising a rear opening to facilitate application thereof to a wearer sealing means permitting closing of the rear opening and an elasticated cuff at the end of each sleeve of the gown.

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