US3409007A - Body electrode support garment - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 5, 1968 E. w. FULLER BODY ELECTRODE SUPPORT GARMENT 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 26, 1965 INVENTOR. ERNEST W. FULLER Agent Nov. 5, 1968 E. w. FULLER BODY ELECTRODE SUPPORT GARMENT 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 26, 1965 FIG.2

INVENTOR. ERNEST W. FULLER Agent United States PatentOflice 3,409,007 7 Patented Nov. 5, 1968 Filed Nov. 26, 1965, Ser. No. 509,941 7 Claims. (Cl. 1282.06)

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A vestlike garment preferably fabricated from elastic cloth and configured to surround snugly at least the upper portion of the torso of a wearer. A number of electrodes of a. type useful in cardiological examination can be attached to the garmentin predeterminedlocations so that when the garment is worn, these electrodes are respectively properly positioned on the body of the wearer for cardiological examination purposes. A pair of arm bands and a leg band each containing an electrode are attached to the vestlike garment preferably by a substantially inelastic support so that a definite location of these limb electrodes is assured.

This invention relates in general to body garments, and in particular to a body garment capable of supporting a plurality of body contact electrodes in a predetermined relationship with respect to the body of a wearer.

In ascertaining the physical and/or mental condition of the human body, the electrical potentials produced by various organs of the body and present at various locations on the skin of the body frequently must be examined. An example of this may be found in the field of cardiology, wherein it may be necessary to take one or a series of electrocardiograms in an attempt to determine the state vof the patients heart. This normally is accomplished by applying suitable electrodes to preselected areas on the body of the patient and then connecting these electrodes to a cardiograph recorder, whereby a suitable electrocardiogram, or recording of the body potentials produced through the operation of the heart, is reproduced in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.

' The technique of electrode placement generally used in thevprior art of cardiology consists of afiixing individually to the skin of the body aplurality of separate electrode units. These electrode units, which b way of example may consist of the suction-cup type of electrode known to those skilled in the art and including a cuplike member having a concave contact face and a resilient bulb in communication with the concave face, must be affixed to the body and the limbs in predetermined locations to ensure an accurate reading of the potentials produced through the operation of the heartand, additionally, to ensure that cardiograms taken at different times, between which the electrodes are removed from the body of the patient, have no appreciable inconsistency resulting from a difference in electrode location between the two times.

Accordingly, the required preciseness of location of the electrodes on the body means that these electrodes must be positioned either by or under the immediate supervision of a physician having expertise in the field of cardiology. Moreover, these same precautions as to electrode location should be taken every time the electrodes are applied to the body of a particular patient, even though this patient may have had electrodes applied to his body for this purpose a number of times. Furthermore, because of the general differences between types of body physique s and because of the specific differences between the bodies of individuals having a particular type of physique, it is not practical to provide a universal template 0r simi la'r position indicating device to enable electrodes to be accurately positioned on the body without the supervision of a physician. p

Furthermore, circumstances may arise wherein a medi cal layman is required to fit electrodes to his body without the presence and guidance of a physician or of anyone else possessing cardiological skill. For example, apparatus is known which enables the electrical potentials produced by the operation of such body organs as the heart to be converted into audio signals suitable for application to a conventional telephone so that these audio signals, as reproduced at a receiving telephone, correspond to and can be converted to an input voltage suitable for application to a conventional cardiograph recorder to produce a cardiogram at the receiving location. Such apparatus, as exemplified by patent application Ser. No. 490,359, entitled Apparatus for Remote Transmission of Data, filed Sept. 27, 1965, and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention, has been deliberately designed to facilitate its use by laymen not having particular expertise in either the medical or engineering fields; and so there arises the need for a technique or apparatus which permits such a person to position electrodes on his body accurately and with the repeatability as to location necessary to ensure that meaningful results can be obtained from a series of cardiograms taken at different times.

This problem is overcome according to the present invention wherein there is provided a vestlike garment to which the requisite electrodes are attached and which is designed to be worn by the patient at least during the time that the examination of the body electrical potentials is underway. The garment is designed so that it may be worn for extended periods of time without undue discomfort to the wearer, who may wear conventional outer garments such as a shirt or a dress over the vestlike garment to conceal its presence.

Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide improved body electrode positioning apparatus.

A further object of this invention is to provide apparatus to enable body electrodes to be accurately and rapidly positioned on the body.

Still another object of this invention is to provide apparatus to enable accurate placement of body electrodes by one not having knowledge of the specific locations on the body where such electrodes should be positioned.

A further object of this invention is to provide an improved garment having body contact electrodes mounted thereon.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide a body electrode support garment including electrodes which are accurately positioned with respect to the body of the wearer when the garment is donned.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a body electrode support garment which may be practicably worn under conventional outer clothing.

Th exa t. n u e 91t objects and advantages thereof will be more readlly apparent from consideration of the following specification relating to the annexed drawing in which:

FIGURE 1 shows a front elevation view of a garment according to this invention; and

FIGURE 2 shows a three-quarter rear elevation view of the garment shown in FIGURE 1 as donned by a wearer.

Stated generally, this invention includes a vestlike garment which may be made of a resilient material such as, elastic cloth or the like. This garment, which may be sewn .or otherwise fabricated, has. at least one parting region with a series of securing devices to permit ease of donning and doffing the garment by a wearer. Associated with the garment are a plurality of electrodes which may be of various design and which are placed with respect to the 'garrnentsuch that when.the garment is snugly disposed in place on the body of a wearer, the electrodes are positioned in electrically conductive relation with the body of the wearer to enable body potentials present inv nt on as W211 as. when thereon to be sensed by the several electrodes. A number of band-like appendages which may either be fixedly or removably attached to the garment provide supports as needed for limb electrodes. The electrodes may be connected through a suitable wiring 'harness to a common output connector.

More specifically and with reference to FIGURES 1 and 2 hereof, the depicted embodiment of the invention includes a front member shown generally at 10 and a rear member shown generally at 11. Rear member 11 includesshoulder strap portions 12 and 13 extending upwardly therefrom and which join with thetop portion 14 offrontmember 10.

Front member 10 is made up of apanel 15 made of a resilient material such as elastic cloth or the like and having approximatelyvertical sides 16 and 17 and an approximately horizontallower side 18. Inwardlycurved edges 22 and 23 run fromtop portion 14 downwardly tosides 16 and 17, respectively. The unattached edges ofpanel 15 may be hemmed as at 24. The resilient portion of whichpanel 15 is fabricated, as well as the other portions of this invention which may be of resilient material, mayadvantageously be of the type having a substantial measure of elasticity in at least two orthogonal dimensions on the surface plane of the material.

Attached to leftvertical side 17 ofpanel 15 is asecurement panel 25 consisting of a plurality ofrows 26 of attaching devices such as wire loops 27. These attaching devices may be securely fastened to a relativelynonresilient cloth member 28; the provision ofplural rows 26 provides a size adjustment feature which enables a garment of a given size to be used with persons whose girth varies within a certain range.

Disposed .onpanel 15 approximately midway betweensides 16 and 17 is astay member 31 disposed in atunnel 32 made of a suitable material such as elastic or inelastic cloth or the like. The entire length ofstay member 31 may be contained in a single element made of metal, plastic, or the like, as shown, or the length of this stay may be apportioned into a number of smaller stay segments contained within a single tunnel or within a corresponding number of shorter tunnels.

Aleg band 33 of sufficient length to extend around the leg of the wearer of the garment depends downwardly by means of relativelyinelastic strap member 34 fromfront member 10. The uppermost end ofstrap member 34 is secured tolower side 18 ofpanel 15 as by stitching or the like, while the lower end ofstrap member 34 has a plurality offastening devices 38 such as snap fasteners. Corresponding snap fastener elements are positioned onleg band 33 to permit adjustment of the distance of the leg band from the remainder of the garment.Leg band 33 may be made of a resilient material such the leg around which it is to be disposed; whilestrap member 34 may, if desired, be made of a relatively inelastic material such as cotton cloth or the like for economy of fabrication and for more accurate positioning of the leg band with respect to the remainder of the garment.

Leg band 33, which has anupper edge 35 and alower edge 36, has at one end thereof a securementpanel 37 similar topanel 25 offront member 10.Panel 37 includes a number of rows of suitable fastening devices such aswire loops 41, and these fastening devices correspond with and are engageable with fastening devices 42 at tlie' 'opposite'end' of the leg HandJWiththe use of wire loops/as given in this example, fastening devices- 42 conveniently might 'be' hook-like iner'nbersas'is known to those skilled in the garment making art,

Turning now to FIGURE 2, the rear member 11 as shown in this embodiment is seento include apanel 43 made of the same-type of material aspanel 15 and having alower edge 44 and sideedge s 45 and 46 withside edge 45 matingly attached tocorresponding edge 16 offront member 10. Containedadjacent rightedge 46 is a plurality of attachingelements 47 chosen to be engagea'ble with attaching devices 27 offront member 10.

Curving inwardly fromsides 45 and 46 areedge portions 50 and 51 which combine with arcuateupper edge 52 ofpanel 43 to form and defineshoulder strap portions 12 and 13, respectively. These shoulder strap portions, which fit over the shoulders of the wearer of the finished garment and which serve to maintain the garment in the proper vertical relationship with respect to the body of the wearer, may be of one-piece construction formed integrally with rear member lll or may haveseparate strap segments 12a and 13a, as seen in FIGURE 1; the shoulder strap portions may be made of the same material, e.g., elastic cloth, as are the front and rear portions of the garment. The various edges of the rear panel member are hemmed as shown at 53.

Associated with rear member 11 are aleft arm band 54 and aright arm band 55. Each of these arm bands, which may be made of elastic cloth, is intended to wrap around its corresponding arm to fit snugly therewith.Left arm band 54 is attached toshoulder strap portion 12 by way ofstrap member 56, whileright arm band 55 is attached toshoulder strap portion 13 throughstrap member 57.Strap members 56 and 57 may be fabricated from material that is either elastic or inelastic, as described above with regard tostrap member 34.

A number of connectingdevices 61 are disposed onstrap member 56 at the end thereof remote fromshoulder strap portion 12, while a number of similar connectingdevices 62 are positioned on the corresponding end ofstrap member 57. These connecting devices mate with corresponding connecting devices (not shown) contained onarm bands 54 and 55 to provide an adjustment of the distance between the arm bands and the corresponding shoulder strap portions.Securement panels 63 and 64 are connected to an end of each ofarm bands 54 and 55, respectively, and each of these securement panels may, at the option of the constructor, be similar in design and function to securementpanels 25 and 37. At the opposite ends ofarm bands 54 and 55 are connected rows of attachingdevices 65 and 66, respectively, for matingly engaging the corresponding attaching devices onsecurement panels 63 and 64.

Thus far there has been described a vestlike garment made substantially from a resilient material such as elastic cloth or the like and intended to be worn directly over the upper portion of the body of a person in snugly fitting engagement therewith. So that the desired electrical potentials present on the skin of the wearer may be sensed, the garment is provided with a number ofelectrode elements 70 attached to the garment at appropriate locations thereon such that when the garment is being worn the elect-rodesare disposed at predetermined locations DI! the skin of the wearer. As. best see in FIGURE 1 of thedrawing andias will-be. apparent to those skilled in the art, the electrodes disposed on front portion of the garment are positioned so; thatwhen the; garment is being worn these electrodes are positioned on the body of the wearer to sense the body potentialsused in electrocardiography. The potentials from these chest-electrodes, along with potentialssensed by electrodes on .leg band;33,arm bands 54 and 55, and the back electrode positioned on rear portion 11, combine to provide a full and complete set of electricallpotentials from which all of, the generallyaccepted .m odes of.-cardiography may be utilized.

In a particular application of this invention it may be either necessary or desirableto provide additional resilient stiffness to-the vestlike garment, sothatthe electrodes attached thereto-may be maintained ,in precise location with respect to each otherl and to. the body of the wearer. This may conveniently lad-accomplished by providing areas of multiple thickness ofthe material (e.g., elastic cloth) of which thelgarrnent is- .made..For example, on front num- -b,,r.10 there are intersectingbands 67 'and 68 forming a second layer of elastic cloth attached as by stitching or another suitable techniqueto the primary layer which comprisespanel 15. Each ofbands 67 and 68 extend from an upper portion .of securement panel orside 16, respectively, to a point adjacent the connection of .shoulder strap portions-12 and 13 withtop portion 14. Two additionalbands of double-thickness material are provided on rear member 11 at 69a and 69b thereof, :with these bands extending, from the vicinity of,the. connection of .the .shoulder strapportions downwardly ofpanel 43 to the upper portions of side .edges 46 and 45, respectively. It canbe seen that the lowerends of bands.67 and 68 generally are contiguous with the lower endsof'bands 69a and69bw. I 1 Suitableelectrical conductors 71 are connected .to each ,of electrode elements 70' and arecombined intoanelectrical cable 72 terminating in asuitable connector 73.

.Snitable wire tunnels 74, whichmay bemade of cloth or.

the like and which may be sewn or otherwise affixed to the ,fahric of; the garment, are provided for-maintaining con- .ductQrsJL-inan orderly array on the garment. To facilitate laundering of the garment, the conductors preferably are relatively easily disconnectable from :the respective electrodes, so thatthe wire harness made .up of theindividual conductors 71 mayeasily be removed from the garment, Cable. 72 is,.removably;.-retained in place by .means of ,aflap 75 secured by connecting devices such as .snap fasteners 76 or the liketo permitv easy detachment of ,the cable fromlhe garment. A similar flap andsnap arrangement may beusedwith wire tunnels .74.

.Electrodes 70 maybe any of the electrodes of the prior art which may be attached toor fabricated with the garment of this invention. Alternatively,electrodes 70 may comprise flat,1platelikee1ements of the type described in -Unit ed States patent, application Ser. No. 526,425 entitled Dry Body Electrode filed,- Feb..10, 1966 and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. Elec- ..trodes as described-inthe aforementioned application olfer ,the. added advantagegtthat no conductive paste or similar solution need be applied to the electrodes .to provide adequate conductivity between the electrode and the skin of the person wearing the vest.

I From the foregoing it can be seen that there has been described an; embodiment of a vestlike garment having secured therewith a number of electrode elements whereby it these; electrode elements may be quickly-and easily disposed; on the body of apatient without resort to tedious .and time-consuming individual electrode placement. In

ofthe garment, the leg band, and the arrnbands to produce a snug fit of the garment to his body, and then attachelectrical connector 73 to an electrocardiograph recorder or tothe' data transmitting apparatus referred to 5 above. A garment made accgrding to this invention, once fitted to an individual, may be kept in the possession of that person so that he may cause cardiologicaldata to be transmitted from, his home or from any other-location where at a physician or other person skilled in the place- 10 ment of cardiological electrodes isnot likely to be present.

If desired, a bib-like cover made of cloth or the like may be removably. attached to front rnember 1 0 and rear member 11 tocover the wiring harness and theeonnecti ons of theindividual conductors 71 to their; respective electrodes; This has the effects of rendering a more pleasing appearance to the garment and of protecting'the wiring harness and electrical connections from damage.

Itsliouldlbe understood, of course, that the foregoing relates to only a preferred embodiment of the invention and that numerous 'modificati'ons'or alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and the 's'copeof the invention as setforth in the-appended claims.

' 1. A body garment suitable for supporting body contact electrodes in a predetermined relationship with respect to the body of the wearer comprising:

a vestlike garment; 1 i

said vestlike garment having a front portion, a back portion and a sid portion;

said front portion being coextensive with at least that part of the chest of a wearer against which one or more body contact electrodes are to be disposed;

said back portion being coextensive with 'at least that part of the back of a wearer against which 'one or more body contact electrodes are to' be"dispos'ed said side portion interconnecting said'front and back portion and extending around at least that portion of the left side of the body of a' wearer against Y which body contact electrodes are tobe disposed;

vertical support members configured to extend over the shoulders of a wearer, said vertical support members being attached to said front portion and said back portion so that the garment when worn is retained in a predetermined location with respectto the body of the wearer; "a' parting region defined by 'a corresponding edge of each of said front and back portions, said parting I region being located on the garment so as not w interfe're with the placementcf body contact electrodes thereon; V securement means onsaid' front and back portions to enable said parting region to be disconnect ably secured together so that the garment niay easily be donned and'doflied by a wearer; and at least one limb electrode support member connected to said vestlike gai rr'ient, said limb electrode support member being made of flexible material and dimensioned to snugly surroundingly engage "alimb of a wearer. i 2. A body garment suitable for supporting body contact electrodes in a predeter rnined relationship withrespect to the body of the wearer comprising: a vestlike garment; fl

I said vestlike garment having a front portion, a back portion and a sideportion;

said front portion being coextensive with part of the chest of a wearer against which one or I -more body contact electrodes ar to be disposed;

said back portion being coextensive with at least that part of the back of a wearer against which one or more body contact electrodes are to be disposed;

said side portion interconnecting said front and back portion and extending around at least that portion of the left side of the body of a wearer against which body contact electrodes are to be disposed;

at least that '7 vertical support membersconfigured to extend'over the shoulders of a wearer, said'vertical support members being attached to said front portion and said back portion so that the garment when worn is retained in a predetermined location with respect to the body ofthewearer; Y I a parting regiondefined by a corres'ponding edge-of 7 each of saidfront and back portions; said parting region being located on the garment so asnot to interfere/with the placement of body contact electrodes thereon;

securernent means on said front and backiportions to enable said parting region to bedisconnectably secured together so that the garment may easily b donned and dotted by a wearer; a pair of arm band members attached to'said vestlike garmenheach of said arm 'b'andjmemberfs beingdimentioned to snugly surroundi'ngly engage a predetermined portion of a respective arm of a wearer; 'and' p a leg band member 'depending'ly attached tosaid'vestlike garment, said'leg band member'being dimensioned to snugly surroundingly engage a predetermined portion of a leg of a wearer,

said front portion, said back portion, said side portion, said arm band members and said leg band member all being at least partially fabricated from an electrically nonconductive elastic material. r

3. An electrode supporting body garment for maintainingbody contact electrodes in a predetermined location with respect to the body of a wearer comprising:

a front panel member of elasticmaterial; l

a back panel member of elastic material;

said front panel member and said back panel member being secured together to form a body encompassing member of substantial width and extending substantially completely around the body of a wearer;

said body encompassing member having a parting region including securement means associated therewith to enable said parting region to be disconnectably secured together; i

at least a substantial portion of said body encompassing member being firmly disposed against those portions of the body of a wearer whereat body electrical potentials to be examined are present;

a plurality of body contact electrode assemblies mounted in spaced apart relationship on said body encompassing member;

each of said electrode assemblies including an electrode member situated on the side of said body encompassing member adjacent the body and disposed adjacent said body portions whereat electrical body potentials to be sensed are present; w

an individual electrical conductor in electrically conductive relationship with each of said electrode members, said electrical conductors being disposed on the opposite side of said body encompassing member from said electrode members; v

at least one elastically extensible arm encircling member dimensioned to snugly engagingly encircle the arm of a wearer of the garment and having an electrode assembly supported thereon;

an elastically extensible leg encircling member dimensioned to snugly engagingly encircle a leg of a'wearer of the garment and having an electrode assembly supported thereon;

each of said arm and leg encircling members being connected to said body encompassing member with a substantially inelastic member of predetermined length to define a certain location of said encircling members on their respective arm or leg with respect to said body encompassing member; and

each of said electrode assemblies having an electrode member disposed for electrically conductive engagementwith the respective arm and leg of a wearer when said encircling-members are' in snugly engaging relationship with the respective arm and :leg of the wearer. 4.'A body garment as in claim 3 wherein: 1 "each'of said arm and leg encircling-members is in the form of-a weblike bandhavingcoacting securement means at opposite ends thereof to enable said encircling members to'be readily attached-to and removed from the limbs of a wearer. 5.'An electrode supporting body garment for maintaining body contact electrodes in a predetermined location with respect to the body of a-wearer comprising: a front panel member of elastic material; I l a back panel member of elastic material; 4

a said front panel member and said back panel member being secured together to'form a bodyencompassing member of substantial'width andextending substantially completely aroundthe body of a wearer;

said body encompassing member having a parting re gion including securernen't means associated therewith to enable s'aid parting region to be disconnectably secured together;

at least a substantial portion of said body encompassing member being firmly disposed against those portions of the body of a wearer whereat body electrical potentials to be examined are present;

a plurality of body contact electrode assemblies mounted in spaced apart-relationship on said body encompassing member;

each of said electrode assemblies including an electrode member situated onthe side of said body encompassing member adjacent the body and disposed adjacent said body portions whereat electrical body potentials to be sensed are present;

a pair of shoulder strap members configured toextend over the shoulders of a wearer, an end of each of said shoulder strap members being secured to said front panel member and the opposite ends of said shoulder strap members being secured to said back panel member,

said shoulder strap members being of such length that said body encompassing member is retained in a predetermined vertical relationship with respect to the body of a wearer so that said electrode members remain aligned with respect to said body portion whereat electrical body potentials to be sensed are present;

a first limb encircling member having an electrode assembly mounted thereon and dimensioned'to snugly encircle a le of a wearer of the garment, said first limb encircling member being connected to'said body encompassing member at a point thereon by means of a relatively inelastic member of predetermined length;

second and third limb encircling members, each having an electrode assembly mounted thereon and each being dimensioned to snugly encircle a respective one of the upper arms of a wearer,

said second limb encircling'member being connected to one of said shoulder strap members by means of a relatively inelasticmember'of predetermined length and saidthirdlimb encircling member being connected to the other of said shoulder strap members by'means of anothervrelatively inelastic member of predetermined length, 1 each of said electrode assemblies mounted in said limb encircling members including an electrode v 1 a member situated to be in electrically conductive 9 material having substantially elastic characteristics.

each of said weblike bands having coacting adjustable securement means at opposite ends thereof to enable said limb encircling members to be readily attached to and removed from 5 the limbs of a wearer. 7. A garment as in claim 6 wherein: said securement means associated with said body encompassing member includes adjustable means whereby the nominal girth of said body encompassing member may be varied.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Shefiield 128-385 Collins et al. 128-411 X Miller 1282 Stubbs 128-379 X Doss et al. 1281 RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primary Examiner.

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