US3385085A - Laundry equipment - Google Patents

Description

May 28, 1968 1.. o. ENGEL LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Feb. 25, 1964 INVENTOR Lewis 0. 509a! May 28, 1968 o. ENGEL LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT *iginal Filed Feb. 25. 1964 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Lewis 0. 509a! May 28, 1968 L. o. ENGEL LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed Feb. 25, 1964 INVENTOR ATTOR EZS' Lewis 0. 5090/ w mm May 28, 1968 o. ENGEL LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Feb. 25, 1964 ang INVENTOR :44 A* BY 13 Lewis 0. Enge/ y 28, 1968 o. ENGEL 3,385,085

LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT Original Filed Feb. 25, 1964 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 l mug! INVENTOR Lewis 0. Engel A ORNEYS May 28, 1968 L. o. ENGEL LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Original Filed Feb. 25. 1964 INVENTOR Lewis 0. Enge/ United States Patent "ice ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A system for controlling and removing suds in a laundry machine having a rotatable tub through which water is recirculated by a pump. The suds are forced through :a vent pipe under pressure established by rotation of the tub in which the clothes are washed. The speed of the tub may be increased when increased suds removal is required.

This application is .a division of copending application, Ser. No. 347,296 filed Feb. 25, 1964, now Patent No. 3,270,529 for Laundry Equipment.

This invention relates to laundry equipment and more particularly to such equipment of the type in which the clothes or other articles to be treated are tumbled in a receptacle rotated about an essentially horizontal axis.

While the invention is concerned primarily with washing equipment (either using soap or detergent and water or using dry cleaning fluid), it is in certain aspects applicable to other laundry equipment and machines, including drying equipment.

Despite the extensive development of washing machines over the years, certain problems, some of which are quite basic, remain. These problems have been rendered more acute by the advent of the public coin operated laundry facilities in which the equipment is subject to extraordinarily heavy use and occasional abuse. Machines suited for this type of service must be particularly efiicient, durable and trouble free, economical in operation and capable of producing superior results consistently over a long period of time.

It is a principal purpose and object of the present invention to provide improved laundry equipment satisfying these requirements to an extent not heretofor attained.

In washing machines of the so-called tumbler type the efficiency of the cleaning action, which is often termed washability, is dependent on a number of factors. Of primary importance is the ability of the tumbler to expose all of the clothes or other articles to the same uniform action. A principal unsolved problem in prior machines is the tendency of the clothes to form balls which rotate at the center of the tumbler receptacle and thus are not exposed to the tumbling and washing action.

It is a further important object of the present invention to provide improved tumbler mechanisms which solve this problem and which, when incorporated in a washing machine, substantially improve the washability and when incorporated in a drying machine substantially reduce the drying time.

Washability is also affected by the manner in which the wash water and detergent or other cleaning liquid is supplied to and circulated through and around the clothes.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide unique water circulation equipment which is elfective to 3,385,085 Patented May 28, 1968 establish an optimum flow pattern of water and detergent while simultaneously delivering the detergent in optimum form for effective cleaning action.

The over-all operation of washing equipment is also dependent to a large extent on the ability of the equipment to handle suds and where necessary to reduce or eliminate excessive suds. In the past this has proved to be a particularly troublesome problem especially where the laundry equipment has been installed for use by the general public where excessive amounts of detergents are often used. In the past this has resulted either in a suds lock of the water recirculation system or, in a severe case, has resulted in a suds lock of the entire machine.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide improved mechanisms for eliminating or minimizing the adverse effects of small amounts of excessive suds or for freeing the machine quickly and positively from excessive suds.

In attaining this objective the present invention provides, in combination, a novel filter system which permits unimpeded flow of water and detergent despite the presence of excessive suds, a novel pump which is uniquely effective to recirculate the wash water passing through the filter and to maintain a flow of recirculating water and detergent, a vent system between the filter and the pump, which is automatically effective to pass excessive suds out of the machine and thus automatically limit the quantity of suds to the amount which can be effectively and efliciently handled by the pump, and a nozzle for reducing the size of the bubbles in the suds.

Many prior machines, which have achieved a reasonable level of performance, have done so only at the expense of economy generally because of the use of large amounts of heated water. It has been estimated that over the expected life of many prior machines, the cost of heating the excess water may equal or exceed the initial cost of the machine.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide improved washing machines which because of a number of correlated factors including improved tumbling action, improved circulation and distribution of the wash water and efiective control of the bubble size of the detergent, effect a substantial reduction in the amount of heated wash water required in each operating cycle.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus for introducing detergent into the interior of the washing machine to insure positive automatic delivery of the detergent whether it is supplied in powder or tablet form.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a detergent dispenser actuated by water injected into the washing machine at the proper time in the cycle, manually actuatable means for continuing the washing machine extraction cycle after suds pressure has opened its water level switch to stop this extraction cycle, and/or a single manually actuated button for providing each of these functions at the proper time.

It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a novel bearing and seal construction having an exceptionally long wear-life in spite of the bearing lubricant wash-out action by the detergent or solvent in the washing machine.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide improved laundry machines which are exceptionally rugged and which have an extended trouble free life.

Additional objects will become apparent as the description proceeds in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is a front view of the laundry machine embodying the present invention with parts broken away to show interior details;

FIGURE 2 is a side view of the machine of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is an enlarged front elevation of the inner rotating tub with parts of the surrounding structure removed for clarity;

FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary section taken along line 4-4 of FIGURE 3;

FIGURE 5 is a vertical section taken along line 55 of FIGURE 1 showing details of the sump filter and a portion of the water recirculation system;

FIGURE 6 is a front view of the filter assembly in the assembled position shown in FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic view showing the inner tub, outer tub, sump and filter in reduced scale;

FIGURE 8 is a transverse section taken along line 8-8 of FIGURE 5 showing additional details of construction;

FIGURE 9 is a central vertical section taken along line 99 of FIGURE 5 showing the interior of a novel pump incorporated in the water recirculation system of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIGURE 10 is a horizontal section taken along line 1010 of FIGURE 9;

FIGURE 11 is a vertical section taken along line 11-11 of FIGURE 10;

FIGURE 12 is an enlarged view of the water recirculation nozzle shown removed from the remainder of the apparatus;

FIGURE 13 is a central vertical section taken along line 1313 of FIGURE 12;

FIGURE 14 is a top plan view of a detergent dispensing mechanism; incorporated in the present invention;

FIGURE 15 is an enlarged front view of the dispensing mechanism partly in section;

FIGURE 16 is a section taken along line 1616 of FIGURE 15 showing additional details of the dispensing mechanism;

FIGURE 17 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section showing a novel bearing and seal construction for rotatably supporting the inner tub;

FIGURE 18 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section through the seal of FIGURE 17; and

FIGURE 19 is a simplified wiring diagram of a portion of the wiring diagram for this laundry machine, which includes a flushing circuit for the detergent dispenser and a holding circuit for continuing the extraction cycle in spite of suds pressure within the machine.

The laundry machine of the present invention is the front loading type in which the clothes to be washed are received in a drum or tub which is mounted for rotation in one direction about an essentially horizontal axis. All of the washing action is effected by either tumbling or spinning the clothes in the inner drum, the drum being rotated at a relatively slow speed for effecting the tumbling action and the drum being rotated at a relatively higher speed for effecting the spinning action which is employed for extracting moisture from the clothes.

By the utilization of essentially conventional controls and timing equipment, which are well known in the art and will not be described in detail here, the machine is operated automatically through a cycle of approximately 30 minutes.

The machine is first filled to a predetermined level with heated water, the water being supplied in such a manner that the detergent is automatically introduced. The inner tub is then rotated at a relatively slow speed, for example 51-53 rpm. for an inner tub having an inner diameter of 24 inches, during which time the water and detergent are constantly recirculated through and around the clothes in a novel manner to be described below. The wash water is then drained and the tub is rotated at an elevated speed, for example 200 or 400 rpm, to extract the moisture from the clothes. A fresh supply of water is then introduced into the machine and the washdrain, spin and drain cycles are repeated. In a typical cytle the clothes are rinsed twice by continuing the tumbling action at a relatively low speed with the introduction of additional water while the tumbling action is changed in a manner described below.

The machine of the present invention is housed in an essentiallycubical cabinet 20 having acontrol panel 22 projecting upwardly from its rear surface and a bottom hinged access door disposed centrally of its front face. The principal structural components of the washing machine, which will be described in detail below, include the outer fixed drum ortub 26, innerrotating tub 28, which is supported for rotation in a novel bearing and seal construction indicated generally at 29, a novel detergent dispenser apparatus and a water recirculation system including asump 32 formed integrally with theouter tub 26, afilter construction 34, apump 36 and arecirculation nozzle 38 to which water is delivered by thepump 36.

The mechanism for driving the inner tub at two speeds, portions of the control apparatus including thermostats, valves, and the like may be of wholly conventional construction and have been omitted since they do not by themselves form a part of the present invention.

With continuing reference to the drawings, theouter tub 26, which is of water tight construction, includes a generallycylindrical body 40 which is closed at its rearward end by a conicalbottom wall structure 42. The front of thedrum 26 is formed by aface plate 44 having acentral embossment 46 in which a circular access opening 48 is formed. The front face of theembossment 46 is suitably secured to the front panel of thecabinet 20 and the tub per se is also securely mounted within the cabinet by a mount structure indicated generally at 50 welded to thetub 26 and secured as by screws to thelower frame 52 of the cabinet. It will be noted that the form of theembossment 46 and the mountingstructure 52 are such that thetub 26 is supported at an angle with respect to the horizontal. Preferably the angle is such as to give the rotational axis of tub 26 a rearward inclination of about 7 with respect to the horizontal.

Theinner tub assembly 28, which is supported by the bearing and sealassembly 29 to be described in detail below, comprises an essentiallycylindrical body member 54 provided with a number of relatively small perforations 35 over the entire member 54 (only a few perforations 55 being shown in FIGURE 4 for purposes of illustration) to permit the passage of water therethrough. At its rearward edge thecylindrical tub member 54 is provided with aradial flange 56 to which a panel andhub assembly 58 is peripherally welded. Theassembly 58 includes inner andouter walls 60 and 62 providing a rigid support for ahub 64 to which a drive andsupport shaft 66 is rigidly secured. To impart additional rigidity to the inner tub assembly it is provided with an inwardly projecting stiffeninglip 67 around its forward edge. Thecylindrical wall 54 of the tub is provided with three identicalrectangular cutouts 68 for the reception of three identical clothes engaging baflles 70A, 70B, and 70C generically called hereafter baffles 70. The baflles are triangular in section and are preferably formed from a single piece of metal bent to the desired shape. As best shown in FIGURE 3 each of the bafiles is shaped to provide a forward radial surface 72 and a rearwardly facinginclined surface 74. The bases of the bafiles are provided with outwardly projectingflanges 76 which are spot welded to offset portions of thetub 28 forming the margins of the cutouts 63.

The unique disposition of the baffles 70 within theinner tub 28 forms an important feature of the present invention to which many of its advantages are attributable. As best shown in FIGURE 3 the spacing between adjacent bailles is increased in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation indicated by the arrow in FIGURE 3. More specifically, proceeding around the drum in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation, the spacing between thebafiles 70A and 70B is 90, the spacing between thebaffles 70B and 700 is 120 and the spacing between thebaffles 70C and 70A is 150. Thus, as the drum is rotated, the clothes deposited therein are subject to driving impulses applied in a series of regularly increasing intervals, the series of driving impulses being repeated in a regular sequence. The many advantages of this unique arrangement of the baffles are realized in combination with other features of the apparatus as will become apparent as the description proceeds.

Throughout the washing and rinsing cycles the wash water is constantly recirculated by a system including a number of novel components, which, in cooperation contribute significantly to the improved performance of the subject equipment. This system which includes thefilter assembly 34, thepump 36, thenozzle 38 and an automatic suds vent will now be described in detail.

It has long been recognized as highly desirable, if not essential, that a trap or filter be provided in coin operated laundry machines to prevent the passage of foreign objects into the inlet of the pump or into the building drain system. Most prior machines are equipped with a box type sump located in the lower quadrant of the outer tub to collect water and to facilitate draining of the machine and include a screen trap or filter in the sump region. However, it has been found that such screens, especially when located on the bottom of the sump, often become clogged with filtrate so as to seriously obstruct the flow of water after a short period of usage. Accordingly, frequent cleaning of the screen, which in many cases is an awkward and time consuming task, is required to maintain the performance of the equipment. The filter end sump arrangement of the present invention is essentially self cleaning because of its unique configuration and location and it is so constructed and positioned that on rare occasions when manual cleaning is required it may be readily removed from the front of the machine, the removal of the filter or trap also exposing the inlet side of the pump for inspection and repair.

As best shown in FIGURE 5, thefilter assembly 34 comprises acylindrical screen 78, the major portion of which is located above the level of the bottom of thesump 32. At its forward end the screen is secured to opposite ends of a strap-type,spring clip 82 secured at its mid-portion to cover 80 adapted to be detachably secured tocircular flange member 84 carired by the front panel K ofhousing 26.Cover 80 is held in place telescopically inmember 84 by a stiff bail orwire 86 of arcuate shape, having opposite ends dropped into and detachably received by inverted L-shapednotches 79 inflange member 84, and having a convex center portion swung like a bail downwardly intonotch 81.Wire 86 is of sufficient strength to require the use of a tool such as a screw driver to remove thecover 80 to prevent tampering. The firm engagement between thecover 80 and theflange member 84 also compresses aradial flange 88 of a rubber boot 90 clamped to the forward end of thesump tube 92 which surrounds the forward end of thefilter 34. Thus leakage in this area is effectively prevented. When thecover 80 is installed the parts are so dimensioned that thespring clip 82 urges thefilter sleeve 78 to the right as viewed in FIGURE 5 to urge the tapered, right-hand end of the sleeve into tight engagement with the conical bore of annularrubber seat member 94 carried by the rear wall of thesump 32 and havinga cylindrical portion projecting into asump outlet tube 96 welded to the rear wall of the sump. Thesump outlet tube 96 is connected to theinlet conduit 98 of thepump 36 by a flexible T fitting 100 having a side opening clamped to avent pipe 102, the function of which will be described below.

Since thescreen 78 is located above the bottom of thesump 32 it is not subject to clogging by small articles of clothing nor by small articles such as nails, screws, key chains, knives and so forth which are often found in washing machines. It has been established by actual tests that screen 78 is largely self cleaning because of its location above the bottom ofsump 32, its configuration, and the fact that water and other fluid is centrifugally thrown at high speed from inner tu-b 28 outwardly against the screen during high speed rotation of the inner tub during the water extraction portion of the cycle. During this portion of the cycle the battles 70 incorporated on the inner tub develop a pumping action which is effective to direct a stream of water and air against the adjacent side of thefilter screen assembly 78 which keeps at least this side of the filter screen clear to permit substantially unimpeded flow of water and suds. Thescreen 78 may be removed periodically by detaching thespring wire 86 and withdrawing thecover 80 together with the filter screen by axially pullingcover 80 toward the left in FIGURE 5. Whenscreen 78 and cover 80 are removed, the dimensions of thetubes 92 and 96 are such as to permit the machine operator to insert his arm throughtube 92 with free access to reach intosump 32, to reach into the inlet side ofpump 36 through the bores ofmember 94 andtube 96, and to remove readily by hand through the hole inmember 84 any articles found in either pump 36 orsump 32. Accordingly, thescreen 78 may be quickly cleaned and all foreign objects may be quickly and easily removed from the machine.

Assembly 80, 84, 86 has a number of additional advantages. First,wire 86 is easily swung about a horizontal axis through its bail ends between locked and unlocked positions to eitherlock screen 78 in the position shown in FIGURE 5 or to permit axial removal ofscreen 78 for cleaning. Second, apadlock 83 is easily secured thereto in the position shown in FIGURE 6 to prevent removal of thescreen 78. The shank 83a of the padlock extends aroundbail wire 86 and through a hole in a horizontal flange 80a oncover 80. Third, it is simple in construction. Fourth, it has no projecting parts against which a part of the human body may collide for causing bodily injury. Fifth, the opening inmember 84 is located high enough above the floor when the machine is mounted at normal height on aplatform 87 to permit nearly complete draining of the machine through this hole into a pail 89 positioned on the floor in front of the machine. Also,rubber seat member 94 is preferably made of magnetic rubber stock so as not only to collect nails and other metallic foreign objects before they reachpump 36 to thus protect the pump but also to center and to pull into firm seating engagement the right end ofscreen 78 withint he conical mouth ofmember 94.

Thepump 36, which returns the water after it is passed through the filter assembly to therecirculation nozzle 38, is of unique construction and is uniquely effective in maintaining a flow of water despite the presence of excessive suds in the system. Pumping suds causes difliculty because suds is a combination of liquid and gas. Gas is not normally pumped well by a pump able to handle liquids efiiciently.

This pump assembly is shown in detail in FIGURES 9-11, and comprises a pair ofhousing members 104 and 106 peripherally secured together as byscrews 108 to form an essentiallycircular impeller chamber 110. Thefront housing member 104 includes theinlet conduit 98 and atangential outlet conduit 112. It will be noted that the axis of theinlet conduit 98 is below the axis of theimpeller chamber 110. Animpeller assembly 114 is mounted for rotation on ashaft 115 Within the impeller chamber coaxialy thereof. Portions of the pump housing and the means for supporting and sealing the impeller shaft and for driving this shaft have been omitted for clarity and preferably take the form shown in Patent 2,934,023 granted Apr. 26, 1960, for Centrifugal Pumps.

Theimpeller 114 comprises ahub 116 extending across thechamber 110 and having acylindrical portion 118 extending slightly into theinlet conduit 98. Because of the offset of theinlet passage 98, theprojection 118 forms a flow restriction or rotary seal around the portion of theinlet conduit 98 closest to theoutlet 112. Formed integrally with thehub 116 are oppositely extendingvanes 120 and 122, which as shown in FIGURE 9 are offset to the same side of the axis of the supportingshaft 115. Satisfactory results have been obtained withblades 120, 122 having an outer edge thickness of 0.125 inch, having the right hand face thereof offset 0.156 inch to the left from the axis of rotation ofshaft 115, and rotating inbore 110 of about 3% inch diameter. The vanes orblades 120 and 122 extend substantially entirely across theimpeller chamber 110 and the edges facing theinlet 98 are provided withfiat side portions 124 and 126, respectively, which with the main body of theblades 120 and 122 form cup sections opening toward the direction of rotation shown by the arrow in FIGURE 9, and which serve as a rotary seal betweenblades 120, 122 andinlet 98 to trap air, liquid and suds withinchamber 110. Because of the offset of the blade structure a counterweight 128 is provided in the hub.

Actual tests have shown thatpump 36 pumps liquid and suds very well even when excessive amounts of the suds are entrained in the wash liquid. Because of the offset and configuration of the blades the pump has many of the characteristics of a positive displacement pump for pumping water and other liquids efficiently. Because of the diametrical orientation of the blades the pump has many of the characteristics of a centrifugal pump for pumping suds and air etficiently, but the pump establishes an internal pressure pattern which is quite different from that encountered in the usual centrifugal pump. For example, it has been found thatimpeller 114 having the aforesaid dimensions 'will double the outlet pressure from the pump when it is substituted for the impeller shown in aforesaid US. Patent No. 2,934,023. More specifically, tests have shown that the pressure in the region at the top of the pump in the quadrant extending to the right from the outlet 112 (FIGURE 9) is very low, i.e., gauge. As the fluid proceeds clockwise around the pump its pressure is increased and in the quadrant preceding theoutlet 112 the pressure in a typical case is 2.75 p.s.i.

This is believed to be the mode of operation of this pump based on observations under actual operating and test conditions. Because of the offset positions ofblades 120 and 122, the leading side ofblade 120 scoops up the majority of thefluid entering inlet 98 and throws it in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIGURE 9 towardoutlet 112 to provide part of the pumping action. Due to the slip involved, some of the fluid bypassesimpeller 114 on the left side as viewed in FIGURE 9 but is thrown by the leading side ofblade 122 towardoutlet 112 to provide further pumping action. The amount of the pumping action is of course governed by the viscosity of the fluid.

It has been found in practice that the efficiency of the pump is further increased by the inclusion of a lunar,helical baffle 130 in the bore ofinlet conduit 98. This bafile has a radially inwardly directed, helical form advancing in the downstream direction and in the direction of rotation ofimpeller 114 and decreasing in helical pitch in the downstream direction for imparting a preliminary spin to the water and detergent in the same direction as the direction of rotation of the impeller. This action reduces splash back and cavitation.

The problem of oversudsing, which has been a particular problem in prior constructions is fur.her minimized by the inclusion of thevent pipe 102 connected to the size arm of T fitting 100 located between the sump and the inlet of thepump 36. Actual experience has shown that coin operated machines frequently become totally inoperative because of suds lock, a condition which can bc cured in prior machines only by a complete manual flushing of the machine.

It has been found that even the most extreme case of excessive suds can be readily corrected by the combination of thevent pipe 102, thepump 36 and thesuds breaking nozzle 38. In most cases, the excessive suds will be adequately handled by thepump 36 which delivers a stream of liquid and suds to thenozzle 38 which, by action to be described below, breaks up the suds and substantially cures the problem of excess sudsing.

Vent pipe 102 minimizes the problem of ovensudsing. Wheninner tub 28 is spinning, for exampl during the water extraction cycle, vanes 70, acting as a centrifugal blower, pull air in through detergent dispenser orifice 170 (described below) and through any conventional suds overflow or vent hose (not shown) leading from the atmosphere intoinner tub mouth 67 so as to establish a substantial How of fluid (air and/or suds) frominside tub 28, through tub perforations 55, towardsump 32 and throughfilter screen 78,seat 94,tube 96 and T fitting 100 so as to establish a positive pressure in the region of the lower inner end ofvent pipe 102. This pressure is sufficient to positively force the suds upwardly throughvent pipe 102, which is of adequate cross sectional area to permit this flow and which has its outlet (upper) end always open to an appropriate drain. The pumping action is sufficiently strong wheninner tub 28 is spun at high speed so that the machine may be cleared in a very short time of all excessive suds.

If the user desired to remove a larger amount of suds, the construction in FIGURE 7 may be used. Here,deflector plate 103 is secured to the inner surface ofouter tub 26 abovesump 32, extends axially throughout the length ofinner tub 28 and has its inner distal end in close proximity to the periphery ofinner tub 28. Then, asinner tub 28 rotates clockwise at high speed in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3 during the extraction cycle, vanes 70 create in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 7 by centrifugal force a still higher pressure insump 32 for driving at higher pressure more suds out of vent pipe 102 (FIG. 5) becauseplate 103 acts as a cutoff to eliminate clockwise passage of fluid therepast.

To take maximum advantage of this feature the usual control system is modified as explained below in connection with FIGURE 19 to permit the inner tub to be spun at its relatively higher extraction speed at any time during the cycle so that the problem of excess sudsing can be cured whenever it occurs.

The action ofnozzle 38 is also important in reducing the problem of excess suds, breaking up large soap bubbles, and increasing the concentration of small soap bubbles. This action increases the washing capacity of the machine with a given quantity of water and detergent.

The structure and mode of operation ofnozzle 38 will be considered in detail in connection with FIGURES 12 and 13. The substantially vertical, lower right, side outlet opening ofnozzle 38 is formed by a curvedupper wall 142 and aflat bottom wall 144, the resulting action of which is best illustrated in FIGURE 13. The sudsy water is delivered from thepump 36 through conduit to the recirculation nozzle at relatively high velocity. The sudsy water is forced by the configuration of the lower end of the nozzle and the location of the exit opening to assume or follow intersecting paths. For example, a portion of the stream indicated by the letter A tends to exit from the nozzle in a downwardly projecting path while the portion of the stream indicated by the letter B tends to exit from the nozzle in a horizontal path. The effective intersection of these two paths disperses and breaks up the large bubbles in the water.

This nozzle construction has shown a marked ability to combat oversudsing, to reduce the size of the suds bubbles, and to increase washing efficiency.Nozzle 38 breaks up the suds in the recirculated water being dispensed by the nozzle and the jet fromnozzle 38 breaks up any residual suds located ininner tub 28. Since the soil suspension ability of the suds is dependent on the suds area, the reduction in size of the bubbles increases the suds area. This action increases the soil holding ability of the suds and the washing efliciency of the apparatus and reduces the total amount of wash water required.

This superior action has been obtained bynozzle 38 having the following flow characteristic and structure: sudsy water pumped downwardly throughconduit 140 at 17 p.s.i., but preferably about 6 p.s.i., gauge pressure to flow out throughnozzle 38 at high velocity.Walls 142 and 144 ofnozzle 38 have a wall thickness of approximately 0.049 inch; and dimension N1 being 1.25 inch, dimension N2 being 0.38 inch, radius N3 being 1.50 inch, dimension N4 being 1.00 inch, dimension N5 being 1.00 inch, diameter N6 being 0.94 inch, diameter N7 being 0.88 inch, and dimension N8 being 0.63 inch.

The action of the nozzle will be further described in connection with the description of the overall machine.

The present invention also has a novel laundryproduct dispenser apparatus 30 which will now be described with particular reference to FIGURES 14, and 16. The dispenser mechanism is effective to handle soap, deiergent or bleach in liquid, cake, powder or tablet form with equal efficiency. The dispensing mechanism herein disclosed replaces the devices currently in use such as the solenoid operated buckets, liquid pumps, trays and rotating trap chamber type centrifugal dispensers.

Because these prior devices have not been satisfactory, commercial machines have incorporated an opening located in the top of the outer tub through which the laundry products are simply introduced manually. Use of this opening has several disadvantages since it depends on the operator to introduce the detergent or bleach at the correct time. It also leads to the accumulation of residual soap around the loading opening which is unsightly and may eventually create clogging.

All of the components of the dispenser of the present invention are incorporated in the unitary assembly, the principal component of which is asoap chute 150 of tubular form having a flaredmouth 152 at its upper end. The dispenser is supported with the upper end of themouth 152 contiguous to the top panel of the cabinet by anupper strap 154 which is welded to themouth 152 ad detachably secured to internal support structure in the cabinet not shown. At its lower end thechute 150 is welded to a mountingbracket 156 secured by a pair ofscrews 158 to an embossed rim 16d surrounding arectangular cutout 162 in thefront panel 46 of the outer tub. To increase the rigidity of the assembly anannular backup flange 164 is clamped by thescrews 158 to the inner surface of theembossed rim 160. Thebracket 156 is cut away in the region surrounded by the lower end of thechute 150 to place the latter in communication with the interior of the outer tub. Thebracket 156 also supports thenozzle 38 in position to direct a stream of water and detergent into the interior of the inner tub as more fully explained below.

Welded to the outer surface of the upper end of the soap chute is a funnel 166- which carries awater inlet tube 168 supplied with clean water from any suitable source and has its delivery end arranged to direct a stream of water into the funnel 166 (shaped to prevent water splashing) and through anopening 170 into the flaredportion 152 of thesoap chute 150. An air gap is provided between the outlet end of theconduit 158 and the funnel 155 to satisfy local plumbing codes which require an anti-Syphon construction to prevent suds from being sucked back intoconduit 168 in case of water supply failure Where water is sucked back thruconduit 158. The inner surface of theopening 170 is partially covered by adeflector 172 to the projecting lower end portion of which asmall tube 174 is secured.Tube 174 projects downwardly and terminates adjacent thebracket 156 where it is provided with aclosure 176 below a side outlet opening 178 which is directed to the interior of the inner tub across a detergent (granular type) supportingscreen 179 which extends across the lower end of thechute 150.

Liquid flow from outlet end 163, throughfunnel 166 and out ofdeflector 172 is permitted to take any of these three different paths at deflector 172: (1) flow downwardly between the right hand side ofdeflector 172 and funnel 152 (FIG. 15) and downward-1y intotube 174; (2) flow upwardly to the left (FIG. 15) through a plurality of jet openings 180' indeflector 172; or (3) flow by a counterclockwise swirling motion through space 182 (FIG. 14) provided between the side edge ofdeflector 172 and the inner wall of thesoap chute mouth 152, for flow in a circular direction in the conical bore surface offunnel 152.

The valve means controlling the flow of water through thetube 168 is operated by suitable controls, such as shown in FIG. 19, to permit water to flow through the tube only during the laundry tub filling or detergent dispensing portion of the cycle. Accordingly, either before the machine is started or when the machine is in operation and before the second filling cycle is initiated, detergent in the form of a tablet, cake, granular, flake or powder is dropped into themonth 152 of the tube When powdered, flaked 0r granular detergent is dropped intomonth 152, this detergent falls by gravity to the bottom oftube 150 where it is retained byscreen 179, and it will remain there until water is supplied bytube 168 at the proper time in the filling portion of the cycle, such as before the first or second wash cycle. When this occurs, theliquid entering funnel 166 fromtube 168 will begin to flowpast deflector 172 in two different directions: (1) downwardly throughtube 174 and out opening 178 ontoscreen 179, and (2) out throughopening 182 to swirl around and downwardly through theconical mouth portion 152 oftube 150, both because of the olfset of thefunnel 166 and because of theopening 182 at the side of thedeflector 172. The swirling water will rise almost to the top of themouth 152 butdeflector 172 prevents the swirling water from re-enteringcone 166. At this time little water will exit through the openings because of the passage of the swirling water over these openings. This swirling action assures that any previously deposited detergent will be removed from the apparatus. The substantial volume of water flowing downwardly through thetube 174 leaves the side exit opening 178 in a manner to undermine and blow the detergent off or out of thescreen 179 into the interior of the inner tub, thescreen 179 may be about 32 mesh to prevent the accumulation of water indispenser chute 150 and to prevent all but dissolved detergent from passing therethrough. This action assures positive removal of the detergent fromscreen 179 and assures that chute 15 will remain open to the flow of water at all times.

When the detergent or other laundry product in the form of a tablet or cake is deposited intomouth 152, it will come to rest ondeflector 172 inmouth portion 152 where it will remain until water is supplied bytube 168 at the proper time in the cycle. Then, the water emerging fromspace 182 in a swirling pattern on the inner surface ofmouth 152 is interrupted by striking the tablet or cake so that the flow of water over the outer surface ofdeflector 172 is discontinued or reduced. This permits water to exit in the form of jets fromopenings 180, which jets rapidly pierce and disintegrate the detergent tablet which then passes downwardly in granular form throughtube 150 for injection into the inner tub by the stream flowing downwardly throughtube 174 and outopening 178. After the tablet or cake has disintegrated, the circular swirl of the liquid inmouth 152 will resume, and the swirling water will rise almost to the top ofmouth 152 so as to cleandispenser 30 by removing any previously deposited detergent, as explained above.

After the detergent is dispensed into the machine, the

swirling water will always cleandispenser 150 in preparation for subsequently receiving detergent again to be later dispensed at the proper time in the filling portion of the cycle.

It is important thatdispenser 30 be designed so that, if eithertube 158 is filled with powdered detergent or a large detergent tablet is located inmouth 152,dispenser 30 will empty its detergent sufliciently fast so that the swirling water emerging from opening 180 does not overflow the top ofcone 152. The following dimensions have been found to provide asatisfactory dispenser 30 with a water inlet pressure of 60 psi. in conduit 168:screen 179 of 32 mesh;hole 178 having an outlet area of 0.11 square inch minimum;tube 174 having an inside area of 0.1105 square inch;tube 168 having an inside area of 0.1503 square inch; the hole for supportingscreen 179 being the same width as tube 159 and having a lengthwise dimension of approximately 2 /3 inches;jet ports 180 being six in number and each approximately 0.140 inch diameter; inverted frustum of acone 152 being formed from a cone having a base diameter of 4.75 inches and an altitude of 5.93 inches with the frustum having an altitude of 3.68 inches, opening 170 having (measured along the surface of cone 152) a 1 /8 inch dimension in the intersecting vertical plane and a inch dimension in the intersecting horizontal plane,gap 182 being triangular in shape, formed by an edge approximately 2 inches long on having its lower distal end inch away from theinner surface deflector 172, ofcone 152, and extending downwardly and inwardly on an angle of about 13 in FIG. 15 with respect to the inner surface ofcone 152; and the inner diameter ofchute 150 being approximately 1% inches.

Dispenser can also readily handle liquid detergents. At the present time liquid detergents are not available which have the necessary characteristics for effective action in a front loading laundry machine of the type with which the present invention is concerned. However, when they are available, they may be readily poured into the mouth offunnel 152 at the appropriate time in the washing machine cycle, and they will travel downwardly throughscreen 179 intoinner tub 28.

To permit the addition of bleach or detergent at other times a manual control may be provided as shown in FIG. 19 which permits a momentary supply .of additional water through thetube 168.

The structure shown at the top of FIGURE 15 provides an operative connection betweentop cabinet panel 181 ofcabinet 20 anddispenser funnel 152. Here, a

rubber, resilient,annular gasket 183 has straddling legs secured to the upper end offunnel 152 and is held in sealing compression against the lower surface oftop panel 181 after the panel has been swung into its horizontal position about a hinge (not shown) at the rear of the cabinet.Lid 185 is secured byhinge 186 topanel 181 and is adapted to cover the top entrance hole to funncl 152 when in the position shown in FIGURE 15.Annular retainer flange 187, secured to the bottom surface oflid 185, has secured to its lower surface an annular, rubber, resilient seal 188 adapted to detachably engage and seal with an opening formed by anannular flange 189 oftop panel 181 located concentrically with the top opening offunnel 152.

This structure has the following advantages. First, whenlid 185 is raised, a smooth, porcelain covered, metal flange surrounds the opening through which detergent is introduced. No gasket is located in this inlet opening for collecting dirt, congealed detergent or soap, etc. Second, lower leaf ofhinge 186 is raised above surface oftop panel 181 to permit cleaning of dirt, detergent, etc., from below the hinge. Third, seals 188 and 183 effectively seal the interior ofdispenser funnel 152 from the outside atmosphere. Thewater entering funnel 166 throughconduit 168 has an injector action sucking air from around conduit end 168 intofunnel 152 so as to build up air pressure withinfunnel 152 by a venturi action to help feed the detergent downwardly through chute andscreen 179 and to help blow the detergent into the washing machine.Seals 188 and 183 assure that this air pressure will not leak out offunnel 152. Seal 188 assures that lid will not be blown upwardly to an open position by internal pressure by securely and firmly locking the lid in the closed position.

Essentially an automatic washing machine comprises a closed fluid circuit which must be carefully sealed against leakage. While the sealing of the major portion of this system presents no major problem since the seals are all static, the seal in the region where the support and drive shaft for the inner tub passes through the outer tub has continued to present a problem which has not been effectively solved.

The sealing problem here is particularly acute for two reasons. First, the product to be sealed is itself a d tergent which tends to readily wash out lubricants to damage sealing structures and which often contains abrasive dirt causing abnormal wear and rapid deterioration of prior sealing constructions. Second,tub 28 is rotated at two different speeds during each cycle-a high speed for extraction and a slow speed for washingso that the tendency to leak is increased.

Bearing and sealingconstruction 29 disclosed in FIG- URES 17 and 18 has been found by actual tests to provide an effective solution to these problems and to have an effective life from 25 to 55 times as long as prior competitive designs.

Referring now in greater detail to FIGURES 17 and 18, theshaft 66, to which the end wall of theinner tub 28 is secured by adetachable cap 190 and screw 191, is rotatably supported in inner andouter bearing assemblies 192 and 194, respectively, carried by anannular support ring 196 which, in turn, is supported by the inner and outer reinforcedpanels 198 and 200 of thewall structure 42. Thedrive shaft 66 projects outwardly through theend wall 42 of the .outcr tub 26 for attachment to the drivepulley 202 driven through abelt 204 by the usual fractional horsepower electric motor (not shown).

Conventional bearing retainer rings 206 and 208 are provided to locate bearing 194 axially in the assembly.

The critical sealing area is the region inboard ofbearing 192. In this region,novel seal 209 is formed by a combined spacer andseal ring 210 and a pair of annular seal rings 2-12 and 214. Seal rings 212 and 214 are stationary in the machine because they are supported bystationary support ring 196.Seal ring 210 is rotated withshaft 66 and O-rings 211 seal against leakage betweenring 210 andshaft 66 becausescrew 191 axially pullsright hand wall 60, 62 ofinner drum 28 andring 210 tightly against the inner race ofbearing 192. The seal rings 212 and 214 each comprise a body of fiber glass filled tetrafluoroethylene resin (Teflon) reinforced with a metallic L-shaped liner orcore 216, such as steel. The seal rings each have an annular peripheral surface of substantial area resiliently urged against the inner surface of thesupport 196. The seal rings 212 and 214 also each have innerresilient portions 218 provided with sealingridges 220 which are urged into sealing contact with the outer surface of thespacer 210 by annular garter springs 222. Suitable lubricant, such as grease, is located inpockets 217.

It has been discovered that aring 210 made of 440C Stainless Steel machined to rough size, heat treated to 58 to 62 Rockwell C, finish ground to size and honed, and finally nitrided to 0.005 inch case thickness and to 95 on Rockwell 15-N scale has all of the necessary properties, is rust resistant, and has a tough abrasion resistant surface which cooperates with the non-metallic outer seal rings 212, 214% to provide a seal having a remarkably long life.

In prior art seals wherein a seal lip engages the periphery of the shaft (corresponding to seallip 220 here engagingring 210 carried by shaft 66), water, detergent and dirt tend to enter the seal structure from the left end as viewed in FIGURE 17 by flowing between the seal lip and the periphery of the shaft, and tend to wear a groove on the surface of the shaft at the seal lip. After this action begins, rapid wear and failure soon occur. The present construction resists these tendencies so as to increase wear life 25 to 55 times over prior art seals.

Water, detergent and dirt tend to enter the seal structure from the left end as vewed in FIGURE 17 and to the extent theseal ring 212 permits the passage of such material it is drained to the exterior of the stationary tub through apipe 224 which communicates at its inner end with the space between the twoseals 212 and 214. Thus even if minor leakage occurs at theinner seal 212, the integrity of theouter seal ring 214 is maintained to provide full protection for thebearings 192 and 194-.

Grease is supplied topocket 217 and for the bearings through atube 226, the upper end of which extends to any accessible location and is provided with a grease fitting and the lower end of which is secured to thesupport sleeve 196 in communication with drilledpassages 228 and 230, the latter leading to the region between thehearing 192 and theouter seal ring 214. When grease is introduced thorugh thetube 226 it passes into thecavity 232 through the maininner bearing assembly 192 and into thetube 224 and bore 232 to thus purge thishearing 192 and to provide clean, fresh lubricant in this region tobearings 192 and 194 and in grease pockets 217.

The overall operation of the machine will now be considered. Reference will be made hereinafter to an electrical diagram in FIG. 19 portraying a portion of one suitable control circuit. After the clothes are loaded into the machine and detergent is put into the dispenser the machine is started by operation of a manual control of any suitable construction incorporated in thecontrol panel 22, such a switch in FIG. 19. Water then begins to flow through theinlet pipe 168 which automatically introduces the detergent into the machine. The flow of water is continued to clean the inside ofdispenser 30 by the swirling action of the liquid and is continued until the water reaches a level approximately two inches above the bottom of the inner tub, which in a typical case requires two and a half gallons of water. The flow of water is discontinued by apressure switch 248 described in more detail hereinafter. The rotation of the tub is begun at about 51-53 r.p.m. and thepump 36 is placed into operation to establish the flow of recirculating water which is introduced into the inner tub through thenozzle 38 which directs the water through the cut-out 162 in the front panel of the outer tub and through the open front of the innertub.

As the inner tub is rotated in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIGURES 1 and 3 the clothes are engaged by the bafilcs 70 and are lifted to a drop-01f point which varies as a function of the speed of the tub, the amount of water in the tub and the disposition and spacing of the bafiles. An increase in speed of the tub increases the lifting action of the battles and if the speed is increased sufiiciently the clothes are held by centrifugal force against the tub and the falling action is eliminated. An increase in the level of the water within the tub decreases the lifting action. It will be noted that a variation in either of these factors changes the path followed by the clothes falling within the tub from one constant pattern to another constant pattern.

The unique arrangement and spacing of the bafiies 70A, 70B and 70C produces an entirely different type of action in that it changes the path followed by the clothes in a regularly varying sequence. Actual tests have established that this constantly varying path of the clothes has constant variation in the drop-off point, constant variation in the zone of impact when the clothes reach the bottom of the tub, and constant variation in the pulling action as the clothes are again engaged and lifted. This constant variation produces substantially improved washability and achieves a remarkable degree of uniformity in the washing action. Specifically, the unique action efiected by the disposition of the baflles 70A, 70B and 70C produces rapid and constant migration between the inner and outer rings or layers of clothing which tend to develop in this type of tumbling action.

In prior machines lacking the baffle arrangement of the present invention, the clothes tended to stratify into an outer ring of clothes arcuately spaced between the baffles and an inner ring of clothes located inwardly from the distal ends of the battles. The inner ring often formed a ball of clothes at the center of the tub where the clothes were not subjected to substantial mechanical action or tumbling and were not properly exposed to the action of the detergent and wash water. Consequently, clothes in this position were not subjected to any significant cleaning action.

The problem of having balls of clothes is entirely eliminated by the present invention. Bafi les 70 not only do not cause the balls to form but also break up any balls or bundles formed if the clothes are loaded into the machine in such balls or bundles by the laundry machine operator.

While all of the factors which contribute to the improved tumbling action are not fully understood, nevertheless there are certain observable phenomena which are believed to be of importance in achieving the improved result. For example, it can be observed that the drop-otf point varies in a regular sequence, which promotes migration of clothes between the inner and outer rings. More specifically, when the clothes are engaged betweenbaffies 70A and 7013, they tend to raise to a higher dropolf point than clothes engaged between the other baffles. The space betweenbattles 70B and 70C produces an intermediate dropoif point and the space betweenbaffles 70C and 70A produces the lowest drop-otf point. This constant change in drop-off point is accompanied once in every rotation of the tub by an abrupt increase in this drop-off point tending to throw the clothes in the inner ring toward a clean surface in the bore of inner tu-b 28 into the outer ring during the next clothes lifting cycle. This action promotes migration of the clothes and rapidly breaks up any balls or bundles which tend to form at the center of the drum.

It is believed that this is the action taking place. It should be remembered that the object of this mode of operation is to pull apart and break up any balls of clothes formed in the inner or outer rings or inside the inner ring, to promote the migration of the clothes between the inner and outer rings, and to open up the clothes so that better washing or drying action occurs. First, consider the clothes located in the spacing betweenbaffles 70A and 7013 in the outer ring. These clothes are positively driven bybafile 70B with little space (between the leading end of this arc of clothes andlead bafiie 70A) caused by slippage during the lifting action. In contrast, the inertia of the clothes in the inner ring resist the driving action bybafiie 70B and the inner ring tries to stay stationary, or at least moves more slowly than the outer ring in the clockwise direction. The result is that the largest, or maximum, a slip occurs between the inner and outer rings betweenbaffles 70A and 7 0B. Also, the clothes in the outer ring are carried to the highest drop-off point, for example they drop off at 11 oclock and fall at 5 oclock on the inner surface oftub 28. Second, consider the clothes Within the spacing betweenbaffle 70A and 70C. Here, there is less relative slip between the inner and outer rings because during the lifting action, the clothes tend to arcuately slip back frombaflie 70C towardbaffle 70A by their inertia. Also, drop-off occurs sooner so that the clothes drop-off at about 10 oclock and fall at 6 oclock. Third, it should be apparent therefore that the clothes in the 90 arcuate spacing betweenbafiie 70A and 708 have the best chance of falling on a clean inner surface oninner tub 28 because they are carried farther up in the lifting action and are dropped farther to the right than the clothes earlier dropped from betweenbaffie 70A and 70C. The small relative slip between the inner and outer rings between the 150 spacedbaffles 70A and 70C permits tentacles from clothes in either the inner ring or a center ball to readily fall into the gap caused by slip between the lead end of the clothes and the leadingbafile 70C. As the clothes move progressively into decreasing battle gaps from 150 through 120 to 90, relative slippage between the inner and outer ring is increased and tentacles on the same clothes or ball of clothes in these two rings are pulled apart by a larger force to spread the clothes more fully or to open up the ball more readily. As some tentacles of the clothes fall into the 90 gap betweenbafiies 70A and 70B, this pull to open up the clothes by relative slippage between the rings is the greatest and the clothes are subsequently carried the farthest by suddenly moving the drop-off point from oclock to 11 oclock so that there is the greatest likelihood of having the clothes fall in the inner surface oftub 28 with some of the tentacles thereof in the inner and outer rings. As this sequence repeats, the forces continue to open up the ball or to spread the clothes so that good washing action results.

There are three other theories on why the balls break up, why the clothes spread out, and why the clothes migrate between the inner and outer rings. First, this action is explained by stating that, since different qualities of rotational energy are applied to the clothes at different times and during different intervals of time, the direction of movement of the clothes is frequently changed by the frequently changing forces. Second, rotation ofinner tub 28 causes any ball of clothes on the inside of the tub to be continuously expanded and subsequently dispersed within the clothes of the outer ring. This ball is expanded by being lifted to a high drop-off point by the 90 spacing betweenbattle 70A and 70B and by being subsequently dropped. The ball is also expanded by the clockwise movement of the battles between the six and nine oclock position (FIG. 3) tending to lift, expand and disperse the ball. Then, after the ball is sufliciently expanded, tentacles thereof are caught and intermingled with the clothes falling at the low drop-off point (from between the 150 spaced bafiles 70A and 70C at 10 oclock) so that the clothes in the ball becomes dispersed with the clothes in the outer ring of the tub. Third, it is also believed that the constant cyclical variation in slip between the inner and outer rings of clothes produced by this cyclical variation in 'baflle spacing also tends to promote migration of the clothes and promotes the gripping of portions of the clothes in the inner ring by the clothes in the outer ring.

In any event it has been determined that the sequence which is regularly repeated by engaging the clothes at intervals of regularly increasing length produces many of the benefits of the present invention. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the advantages discussed above are not achieved when the spacing between bafiles 70 of 90, 120 and 150 proceeds in the direction of rotation, Which is opposite to the angle sequence illustrated here wherein this angle sequence proceeds in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation.

The unique action of the irregularly spaced bafiies has many additional advantages. First, a substantially increased clothing life is obtained since the bafiles are extremely gentle during washing of the clothes. Tests indicate two to three times as much clothing life obtained with this construction as compared with the finest other automatic washing machines. Second, the bafiles create a very high state of detergency so as to cause extremely effective washing action. Third, the bafile construction is effective to establish a reasonable state of rotational balance of the clothes during the extract cycle. Fourth, this construction is economical to manufacture and does not re quire the use of moving parts or special controls, for example, which have been used in prior units to periodically reverse the direction of rotation or to vary the speed of the tub. Fifth, the baflies give a good washing action by the use of only small amounts of water and detergent. Hence, savings is obtained by requiring less water, detergent and water heating. Sixth, the baffle construction provides superior results not only in a washing machine but also in a dryer. In any of these environments, it tends to open the clothes to permit better, more uniform and freer circulation of drying air, dry cleaning fluid or sudsy water through the clothes so as to give a significant increase in washability or a more eflicient drying action.

It is also to be noted that the placement and disposition of therecirculation nozzle 38 is so correlated with the tumbling pattern of the clothes within thetub 28 that during each cycle of the machine, stream S (F'IG- URE 3) of liquid issuing fromnozzle 38 is properly directed with respect to the clothes in rotatinginner tub 28. During the wash cycle, stream S passes through the load of clothes, while during the rinse cycle stream S passes over the load of clothes so as to give certain desirable advantages.

During the wash cycleouter tub 26 is filled to a level of about 2 inches above the bottom ofinner tub 28. This low water level causes bafitles 70 to lift the clothes to a high position for drop-off at about 11 oclock and fall at a 5 oclock position. The clothes are thus lifted high enough to be carried over the top of stream S so that stream S fromnozzle 38 is directed underneath the inner surface of the tumbling load of clothes, and outwardly through these dropping clothes. The spray water from stream S not only travels through the clothes so as to wash the clothes clean but also strikescylindrical sheet 54 ofinner tub 28 so as to wash the dirt from this cylindrical sheet and dipserse the suds therefrom ifinner tub 28 is suds-locked. The detergent is mixed by the wash action and by the pump; and the clothes are constantly washed in high concentration of water, detergent and small bubbles, the size of the bubbles being decreased by the action of thenozzle 38 described in detail above. The small bubbles are retained in thesump 32 and together with a small amount of water hold the dirt in suspension until it is pumped out of the machine at the end of the wash cycle. Thus, the correlation of the tumbling action, the construction and disposition of thenozzle 38 and the water recirculation system permits one to get an excellent washing action while using a minimum amount of hot water as compared to prior machines of comparable capacity.

After the initial Wash cycle, the clothes are rinsed by fillingouter tub 26 to a level of about 7 inches above the bottom ofinner tub 28. Now stream S is directed over and perhaps even against the outer surface of the clothes, instead of through, the clothes. The high water level intub 28 tends to reduce the lifting action of bafiies 70, and the clothes are tumbled in a low path, dropping olf at about 9 oclock and falling to 6 oclock with this path located below stream S produced bynozzle 38. Now stream S washes clean the outer surface of the clothes and the inner surface ofcylinder sheet 54 ofinner tub 28 but the dirty water sucked fromsump 32 bypump 36 and recirculated throughnozzle 38 as stream S does not pass through the load of clothes so will not soil the rinsed clothes. Hence, the clothes are rinsed only by the relatively clear water located well abovesump 32.

Subsequently, as the rinse Water is drained from the tub, the lifting action of the bafiles is effectively increased and the original pattern set up in the wash cycle is reestablished and the clothes are distributed more or less uniformly for a subsequent water extraction cycle during which the inner tub is spun at a relatively high speed for example 400 r.p.m.

It has been found in practice that this superior washing and rinsing action can be obtained with stream S by having a washing machine having these characteristics:Inner tub 28 rotates at 51-53 r.p.m., the bore diameter ofinner tub 28 is approximately 24 inches and stream S is directed throughfront opening 67 ofinner tub 28 and along a plane extending parallel to the rotational axis ofinner tub 28 and along stream S from the outlet of nozzle 38 (located approximately 15 left of the vertical and at about a 9 inch radius from the center of rotation of inner tub 28) to strikecylindrical sheet 24 at about 3 oclock half-way back intub 28.

As indicated above, the machine of the present invention is equipped with controls which are effective at timed intervals to cause water to flow through theconduit 168 to automatically introduce a detergent or bleach at the proper time in the washing cycle. In addition, the machine is equipped with a novel manual control which permits the user to introduce water through theconduit 168 to permit the introduction of additional detergent or bleach at other points in the cycle. A simplified circuit for performing this function is shown schematically in FIGURE 19 to which detailed reference will now be made.

The introduction of water throughinlet pipe 168 is controlled by a pair of hot and cold water valves operated by solenoids 240 and 242., respectively. During normal operation, after starting switch S is closed, timer motor 243, energized in any suitable manner by lines -L-1 and L2 for controlling the operational cycle of the machine, closes normallyopen switch 250 to introduce a regulated amount of water at a predetermined temperature by forming a circuit from the line L-l throughclosed switch 250, parallel paths through solenoid 240 and normally closed switch 246 and through solenoid 242 and normally closedswitch 244, and normally closedswitch 248 to line L2. If hot or cold water are not wanted, either switch 246 or switch 244 oncontrol panel 22 may be opened. When the water inouter tub 26 reaches the desired level, it opens normally closedwater level switch 248 to break this circuit, to discontinue water flow and to prevent over-filling the machine.

When it is desired, however, to introduce additional water for the purpose of introducing additional detergent or bleach into the machine, normally open bypass switch 252, which may be termed a flush switch and which is located at a convenient and accessible position oncontrol panel 22 ofcabinet 20, may be closed manually to bypasswater level switch 248 and to permit introduction of water at any desired point in the wash or rinse cycle, whetherswitch 248 is open or closed as long astimer switch 250 is closed to indicate that detergent can then be properly introduced.

Flush button 252 has an additional important function. It is also effective to control rotation ofinner tub 28 by high-speed spin motor M2 controlled byrelay 254. These are normally controlled by a circuit from line L-l through normallyopen timer contact 256 closed by timer motor 243 during the spin portion of the cycle, the coil of relay 25-4 and the spin motor M2, andwater level switch 248 closed when water pressure falls below a predetermined level to line L2.Switch 248 is provided to prevent rotatinginner tub 28 at high speed except whentub 26 is substantially drained of water. Note that at low speed tumbling or washing action, motor M1 drivesinner tub 28 independently ofswitch 248 and as long astimer switch 258 is closed to energizerelay 257 controlling motor M1. If desired, switch 258 may energize motor M1 when motor M2 is energized during spin with motorM1 driving tub 28 through an over-running clutch so thattub 28 will be driven at high speed whenever motor M2 is energized.

Occasionally, iftub 26 contains an excessive amount of suds, operation ofinner tub 28 at high spin speed produces a pumping action, as described above, sufficiently strong to raise the pressure withintub 26 enough to openpressure switch 248. This stops the extraction cycle and causes on-ofif cycling of the machine. If, under these conditions, the operator presses and closes flush button 252, it will form an energizing circuit for the coil ofrelay 254 and motor M2 in parallel with a bypassingswitch 248. Then, spin motor M2 continues rotatinginner tub 28 at high speed for thus quickly and positively freeingtub 26 of suds by forcing the suds outvent pipe 102.

The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A washing machine comprising an outer fixed receptacle of generally cylindrical form and having a sump formed integrally in the lower portion thereof, an inner receptacle for clothes or the like mounted for rotation within said outer receptacle, said inner receptacle having an opening in one end and a perforated essentially cylindrical wall, a plurality of bafiles carried by said inner receptacle and projecting inwardly from said cylindrical wall, said baffles being generally parallel to the axis of said inner receptacle and the spacing between adjacent bafiles being progressively increased in the direction opposite to said direction of rotation, a nozzle positioned to direct a stream of water through said front opening at a point above the axis of said inner receptacle and passage therethrough to said sump, a pump connected to remove water from said sump and delived it under pressure to said nozzle, a filter position in said sump in the path of water flowing to said pump, and a vent pipe interposed between said filter and said pump to permit the disposal of excess amounts of suds.

2. The combination according toclaim 1, together with means for rotating said inner receptacle at a relatively slow speed for washing and rinsing and a relatively greater speed for extracting moisture from said clothes, said baffies creating a flow of air toward said sump when said receptacle is rotated at said greater speed, and manually operable control means for rotating said inner receptacle at said relatively greater speed to establish said flow of air to force suds out of said vent pipe.

3. A washing machine comprising an outer fixed receptacle having a sump located in the lower portion there of, an inner receptacle for clothes or the like, said inner receptacle having an opening at one end and a perforated essentially annular wall, a plurality of bafiles carried by said inner receptacle and projecting inwardly from said wall, a pump connected to remove fluid from said sump, a vent interposed between the outlet of said sump and the inlet of said pump to permit the disposal of excess amounts of suds, means for rotating said inner receptacle at a relatively slow speed for washing or cleaning and rinsing and at a relatively greater speed for extracting moisture from said clothes, said baffles creating a flow of fluid toward said pump when the inner receptacle is rotated at said greater speed, and manually operable control means for rotating said inner receptacle at said relatively greater speed to establish said flow of fluid to force suds out of said vent, whereby said speed acts as a control valve for said vent.

4. A washing machine, as set forth inclaim 3, with a cutoff plate located in the radial space between the inner and outer receptacle and in the direction of rotation of said inner receptacle from said sump for creating a greater pressure in said sump and vent during rotation of said inner receptacle to exhaust said suds more readily.

5. A washing machine comprising an outer fixed receptacle having a sump and an outlet for said sump, an inner receptacle for washing clothes with suds and being mounted for rotation within said outer receptacle, said machine permitting said suds to drain out of said sump after said washing operation, said inner receptacle having a plurality of baffies effective, when said inner receptacle is rotated, to cause a fluid pressure by suds in said outer receptacle, means for rotating said inner receptacle at a given speed subsequent to said draining for extracting moisture from said clothes, means responsive to a given suds pressure for automatically de-energizing said rotating means until suificient suds have drained, and manually operable switch means for operating said rotating means to rotate said inner receptacle at said given speed whereby excessive suds are forced through said outlet by the resulting fiuid flow.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS WILLIAM I. PRICE, Primary Examiner.

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