US3067898A - Parenteral solution equipment - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 11, 1962 R. c. REIMANN 3,0

PARENTERAL SOLUTION EQUIPMENT Filed May 18, 1959 INVENTORI A TTORNEVS.

Patented Dec. 11 1962 3,067,898 PARENTERAL SOLUTION EQUIPMENT Robert C. Reimann, Morton Grove., 111., assignor to Baxter Laboratories, Inc., Morton Grove, 111., a corporation of Delaware Filed May 18, 1959, Ser. No. 814,089 2 Claims. (Cl. 215-37) ously.; These are uniformly provided in glass bottles having an internal volume of a liter, or-some ctraction thereof. Usually, the container is sized to house 250 mL, 500 ml.,- or a liter of solution. As is wellknown, these solutions are dispensed with the bottle suspended in a mouth-downward position, the closureof the container: or

bottle being coupled to the patient by means of an elongated tube designated an administration set;

Inasmuch as these fluids are to be introduced into the patients body 'and most generally directly into the blood stream, it is imperative that they beaseptic. chance of contamination cannot be tolerated, since the bloodstream provides a fertile area for the propagation of any microorganisms. It is a general practice in hospitals. to store the solutions for future use. Many cases of parenteral solutions may be on hand at any one time, and since it cannot be known definitely when a given solution is going to be used, it isimperative that the bottle be absolutely sealed against the entry of any contamination: .A problem has existed in the past in that the closures for the glass bottles have not met this need. A solution to this problem is provided by this invention. More specifically, it is an object of the invention to provide a novel closure for a parenteral solution bottle. Another object is to provide a novel resilient plug or stopper' to be lodged in the neck of the parenteral solution bottle and in which the plug cooperates with the bottle and an overlying cap member to maintain the bottle interior in a sterile condition. Other objects and advan tages of this invention can be seen as this specification proceeds.

This invention will be explained in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a resilient plug or stopper embodying the teachings of this invention;

Even the FIG. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a away to demonstrate the relationship of the various com ponents thereof.

In the illustration given, thenumeral 10 designates gen-. erally a stopper or plug employed to close the top opening of a glass parenteral solution bottle 11 (seen only in FIGS. 1 and 2). I

As seen in the drawings, thestopper 10 includes a generally cylindrical body equipped with anannular flange 12 adjacent one end thereof. Theflange 12 is provided integral with the body of thestopper 10, and the entire unit may be constructed of a resilient material such as rubber.

- Thestopper 10 is equipped with a pair ofpassageways 13 and 14 extending therethrough in a direction parallel with the axis of the stopper body. Thepassage 13 provides a mounting for anair tube 15 which extends inwardly and downwardly of the bottle 11 to a point adjacent the inner bottom. -When the bottle -11 is suspended in a mouth-downward condition, air enters theair tube 15 to replace liquid that flows out ofpassageway 14 into a length of tubing (not shown). The bottle 11 (as seen in FIGS. 2 and 6) isequipped with a-com-posite'closure designated generally by thenumeral 16. Theclosure 16 includes, in addition to stopper 10, a resilientthin sealing disc 17 andxacomposite cap 18. Thecap 18 includes an inner cap member '19, anoutercap member 20, and arigid closure disc 21. v i 1 The inner andouter cap members 19 and 20, respectively, are generally cup-shaped and at their open ends are rolled into clamping relation with ahead 22 on bottle 11, and as is designated by the numeral 22a in FIG. 2. In this condition, thecap 18 exerts a compressive force against'the top ofstopper 10, causing it to be firmly supported within the neck opening of bottle 11 and with theannular flange 12 mounted on the lip 11a of bottle 11.

As can be best seen in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the stopper '10 is equipped with a centraldepressed portion 23. The central depressed portion is provided by equipping the stopper 10'with acircular rib 24 onits top surface. Therib 24 has a straight or vertical side 24a and'an inwardly and downwardly-inclined inner side 2412 (designated only in FIG. 4). The inner and outer sides of the bead meet at their upper ends at an obtuse angle and provide, in effect, a rib having a sharp edge adapted tocooperate with the remaining part of theclosure 16 to achieve a line type seal. 7

Theflange 12 extends laterally outward a distance greater than the vertical side 24a ofrib 24, the configuration of these elements as seen in FIG. 4 providing what amounts to a stepped flange.

Thestopper 10, as is best seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, has the upper end ofpassage 14 outwardly tapered as at 14a. Thestopper 10 is also equipped with a cut-out or notched portion 25 (best seen in FIG. 4) which has an inner straight wall 25a extending generally parallel with a line connecting the centers of thecircular passages 13 and 14. The cut-outportion 25 may be employed for aligning the closure preparatory to mounting theair tube 15 in passage Each of thecap members 19 and 20 is apertured in the central base thereof as at 19a and 20a, respectively. The

inner cap member 19, in addition to being apertured' as at 19a in the central portion of the base of the cup-shaped configuration, is additionally notched as at 191; (seen only in FIG. 6). The provision of the notched or cut-out portion 1911 provides access to the edge ofrubber disc 17 for pulling it out from under its position of securement between the inner cap member 19 and the top surface ofstopper 10. Cooperating with the notched portion 19b in presenting a portion of thedisc 17 for finger grasping, is the stepped, laterally-extendingflange 12, all of which can be readily appreciated from a consideration of FIG. 6.

As also can be seen in FIG. 6, theouter cap member 20 is equipped with a tab portion 20b which occupies a portion of the central base cut-out 20a. Theouter cap member 20 is weakened as at 26 along the base and side wall so that upward and outward movement of tab 20b severs theouter cap 20 and permits its removal from the bottle 11. Thereafter, themetal disc 21 may be lifted off of the inner cap member 19 to provide the exposure of therubber disc 17.

Eachcap member 19 and 20 is provided with a substantially flat base portion outward of the central apertured portion, which cooperates in urging thedisc 17 against the upper edge of therib 24, and providing thereby a gas-tight seal.

In the operation. of the apparatus just described, the stopper is first equipped with air tube by a suitable machine which employs the cut-outportion 25 as the means for orienting thestopper 10 in proper position for the insertion of theair tube 15 intopassage 13. Thereafter, a bottle suitably charged with a parenteral: liquid is positioned to receive the air tube-equipped stopper 10: After thestopper 10 has been. lodged within the neck of the bottle 11, the rubber disc. 17 is placed over the stopper, The assembled structure. isiremoved "to avacuum-inducing machine where: the unit is subjected to a vacuum. of. the order of Hg; Thereafter, the. remainder of? theclosure 18, consisting of.cap members 19 and 20 andaluminum disc 21, is applied. In its initial condition, thecap 18 has the inner andouter cap members 19 and 20 nested, with themetal disc 21 maintained therebetween. The side walls of the inner and outer cap members" 19 and. 20, respectively, are flanged outwardly as shown in dotted line in. FIG. 2 and designated 18a. This permits ready hoppering of thecomposite cap 18 onto the-bottle. The next operation rolls the skirt of thecap 18 into the form shown in solid line in FIG. 2-thereby' sealing the bottle interior in a less-than-atmospheric condition.

After the bottle and its closure have been provided in the form seen in FIGS. 2 and 6, the bottle. isremoved to a sterilizing area, which ordinarily includes an autoclave capable of developing internal temperatures of the order of 230-250 F. Ordinarily, a bottle is subjected to 12 p.s.i. (g.) steam for about 30 minutes.

As a result of the evacuatingstep, theflexible disc 17 is drawn downwardly against the toplsurface of thestopper 10 and partially into thepassageways 13 and 14. The vacuum step, therefore, produces a. dimpling of theflexible disc 17 and results in a series of folds radiating outwardly from the dimples in thedisc 17 These dimples occur over the twopassages 13 and 14.

During the sterilization procedure, thedisc 17 is first drawn even more into thepassages 13 and 14 by virtue of the greater external pressure. When the sterilization procedure starts, the pressure inside the autoclave is upwards of 12 p.s.i. (g.) while the interior of. the bottle is still under vacuum. Only after the liquid contents of the bottle become heated sufficiently to generate steam, does the pressure differential disappear. However, at the end of the sterilization cycle, the reverse exists. The autoclave is quickly vented of its steam, returning its pressure to atmospheric, while the contents of the bottle cool at a slower rate. Thus, the interior of the bottle is under supraatmospheric pressure, while the exterior of the bottle is at atmospheric. This causes the dimples to disappear temporarily and, infact, a definite ballooningof theflexible disc 17 is caused, which applies a rather pronounced stress in thecap 18. It is during this period following sterilization and where the steam generated inside the bottle during sterilization has not yet condensed, that a crucial situation exists in so far as contamination is concerned. The folds present in thedisc 17 may provide avenues for the flow of contaminant-bearing fluid into the bottle 11. In particular, it is possible that pieces of metal, dirt, etc., could be drawn into the bottle 11 during the dissipation of the supra-atmospheric pressure therein following sterilization.

This is effectively overcome through the cooperation of thestopper 10 with the remaining portion of theclosure 16. The line-tight seal effected between therib 24 and the. flat inner portion of thecap 18 effectively clamps theflexible disc 17 in such a fashion as to prevent any undesirable fluid flow which might carry contaminants into the bottle 11. Here, itis to be realized that subsequent to the cooling step in the sterilization cycle, the principal seal against contamination is provided by the contact between theflexible disc 17 and the upper ends of the passages 13- and 14. During' the storage of the container following the sterilization cycle, the seal provided by therib 24 and theclosure 16 is thus a secondary seal;

The depressedcentral portion 23 ofstopper 10 also is advantageous. in minimizing the magnitude of the folds indisc 17, which necessarily result from the concurrent application of vacuum and clamping operation on the closure1'6. The inwardly-tapered wall 24b ofrib 24 effectively smooths out the ends of the fold so that a firm grip ondisc 17 can be applied through. the cooperation of the rib 24' and the inner bottom of the cap. 18.

While, inthe foregoing specification, a detailed description oftanernbodiment of" the invention has been set forth for the purposeof explanation, many variations in the details herein given willlbe apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

1 claim:

1. In combination, a parenteral solution bottle equipped with. an annular head about the neck: thereof with the upper edge of the neck defining a lip, a resilient plug mounted in saidneck and closing the same, said plug having'a pair of passages extending through it communicating the bottle interior with the atmosphere and defining openings in the plug outer end, said plug being equipped with an annular flange adjacent its outer end overlying the lip of said bottle, said plug also being equipped with a circular raised rib in its tops surface having a triangular shape in cross section. to provide a sharp upper edge; and a tapered inner wall to provide a plug with a generally dished top, said sharp upper edge overlying said lip, 21 flexible diaphragm overlying said. stopper and extending outwardly of said rib, a rigid cup-shaped member overlying said disc and rib and lockingly engaged with said head, a metal disc overlying said inner cap member, and an outer cap member overlying said metal disc and also lockingly engaged with said head, said inner and outer cap members being centrally apertured in the bases thereof, said outer cap member being equipped with tab means for rupturing the side wall thereof to permit removal of said outer cap member and metal. disc from said bottle.

2. 'In combination, a parenteral solution bottle equipped with an annular bead about the neck thereof, with the upper edge of the neck defining a lip, a resilient plug mounted in said. neck and closing the same, said plug having a pair of passages extending through it for communicating the bottle interior withv the atmosphere, said plug having inner and outer end. surfaces in which: said passages define openings, said plug being equipped with an integral annular flange. adjacent its outer end surface overlying said lip, said plug also being equipped with a circular raised rib in its outer end surface above said flange, said rib being defined by a. cylindrical wall inset from the periphery of said flange and an inwardly-sloping wall coacting with said cylindrical wall to form a sharp edge positioned over said lip, whereby said raised rib is formed having a triangular cross section and providing a generally dished top in said outer end surface With said passage openings pre-formed in said dished top and within said circular raised rib, a flexible diaphragm overlying said plug and extending outwardly of said rib, and a rigid cup-shaped member overlying said disc and rib and lockingly engaged with said bead to compress said disc and provide a seal between said disc and rib.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Falk Feb. 15, 1938 Cutter et al Feb. 13, 1940 Nesset Feb. 27, 1940 Campbell Mar. 25, 1941 Barton Aug. 27, 1957

Images