US2960990A - One level dishwasher - Google Patents

Description

ONE LEVELnI-SHWASHER 6Sheetssheet 1 Filed Jan. 26, 1956 TYVE'Z-Z]DZ ,E JOHN PAUL C/ONES Eon/A 6'- Ev/7' dy Nov. 22, 1960 .L P, JONES ErAL 2,960,990

ONE LEVEL nIsHwAsHER Filed Jan. 26. 1956 6 Sheets--Sheeil 2 @FEW/DFE c/OH/v /7/104 dof/f5 [0W/m0 C. LEV/r Nov. 22, 1960 J. P. JoNEs Erm.

oNE LEVEL nIsrmAsHER 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 FileAd Jan. 26, 1956 -.zzf E' r1 Z2: F E JOHN Pnl/1. JONES Nov. 22, 1960 J. P. JONES E TAL ONE; LEVEL DIsHwAsHER 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Nov. 22, 1960 P. JONES Erm.

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6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 26, 1956 ELE/.8

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Nov. 22, 1960 J. P. .JONES ETAL 2,960,990

ONE LEVEL DISHWASHER Filed Jan. 26, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 @Nil LEVEL DISHWASHER .ohn Paul iones, Benton Harbor. and Edward C. Levit, St. Joseph, Mich., assignors to Whirlpool Corporation, a corporation of Deiaware Filed Jian. 26, 1956, Ser. No. 561,507

7 Claims. {Cl. 134-95) This invention relates generally to the art of cleaning and washing houseware such as dishes and more particularly relates to improved methods and apparatus for cleaning dishes.

lt is an object of the present invention to provide' a washing system capable of washing all surfaces of household ware, primarily by direct impingement of iluid jets, not dependent on deflected or run-olf water for some surfaces of the ware.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a drying system which dries the houseware at cooler temperatures than heretofore available and without reqniring that the air used for'drying be taken from or delivered to the living area or room in which the drying system is located.

Another object of the present invention is to provide dishwashing apparatus which eliminates the neecssity of initially conditioning the dishes for treatment in the machine by scraping or by manual prerinsing.

Yet another object of the presentl invention is to provide dishwashing apparatus which is easier to load.

A still further object of the present invention listo provide an improved method of distributing. liquid throughout the treatment zone of a dishwasher to obtain improved liquid distribution to all surfaces of Ware racked in the machine.

Another object of the present invention is to provide liquid distributing means which will impinge jets of liquid against ware racked in the machine from opposite directions.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a form of a dishwashing machine wherein reaction spray arms are simultaneously rotated and pivotally oscillated thereby to produce a changing pattern of liquid distribution.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved form of dish rack.

Many other features, advantages and additional objects of the present invention will become manifest to those versed in the art upon making reference to the detailed description which follows and the accompanying sheets of drawings in which a preferred structural embodiment of a dshwashing apparatus capable of carryingout the methods herein disclosed is shown by way of illustrative example.

On the drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a dishwasher according to the present invention combined with a kitchen sink, parts of the apparatus having been removed for the sake of clarity of disclosure and parts being shown in cross-section;

Figure 2 is an end elevational View showing additional details of construction of the dishwashing apparatus of the present invention and illustrating parts of the structure in cross-section as viewed on line lI-ll of Figure l;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary rear elevational View with parts broken away and with parts shown in cross-section illustrating additional details of construction of the drying system of the present invention;

States atene() 0 7 `spacmg relationship between thetrackway surfaces 38,

gll Patented Non, 22, 1950 Figure 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken substantially on line IV-IV of Figure l;

Figure 5 is a view generally similar to Figure 1 but showing an alternative form of rack structure and showing another embodiment of dishwasher incorporating the principles of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a somewhat diagrammatic view of a dishwasher incorporating the principles of the present invention and showing speciiically means for simultaneously rotating and pivotally oscillating a reaction spray arm mechanism;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the oscillating mechanism shown in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a plan view of the reaction spray arms of Figure 5;

Figure 9 is an elevational View with parts removed Ishowing a two-way valve arrangement for the dishwasher ofthe present invention;

Figure l0 is a top plan view of the dish rackmemvbodied in the View of Figure 5;

Figure l1 is a cross-sectional view taken generally on line XI-Xl of Figure 8; and

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view taken generally on line XII-XII of Figure 8.

As shown on the drawings The dishwashing methods-and apparatus disclosed herein are suitable for application in the form of different models such as built-in dishwashers, free standing dishwashers or portable dishwashers, however, for purposes of illustrating the principles of the present invention, the dishwashing apparatus is disclosed in combination with asink cabinet 10 having asplashboard 11 and a counter vtop 12 adjacent asink tub 13 draining into aWaste disposal unit 14 connected by means of a suitableV drain 'conduit 16 having therein a trap 17 to adrain outlet 18. The sink is supplied with hot and cold running water v'through afaucet 19, the discharge of which is controlled -by ahot water valve 20 and acold water valve 21. It will be understood that thevalves 20 and 21 control the supply of water from the usual domestic supply.

Mounted inside of thesink cabinet 10 and underneath thecounter top 12 is a dishwasher indicated generally by thereference numeral 22. The dishwasher 212 comprises av housing orcasing 23 forming a generally rectangular washing compartment or treatment zone indicated generally by thereference numeral 24. More specifically, thecasing 23 includesside Walls 26, 26, atop wall 27, arear wall 28 and afront opening 29 which is adapted .to register with a suitable open area provided in thesink cabinet 10 in the front wall thereof.

Adoor 30 is provided to close the opening 29, thereby to provide a front Wall for the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24. A hinge connection indicated at 3i and including a hinge pin 32 fastens thedoor 39 along the lower edge thereof to thecasing 23 of thedishwasher 22. Thedoor 39 moves from a fully closed position into a generally horizontally disposed open position, the open position of thedoor 30 being clearly illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawing.

Each of theend walls 26, 26 of thecasing 23 is provided with atrack member 33, thetracks 33, 33 lying in opposed coplanar relation and facing inwardly of the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24 to provide a guide means for movably supporting a large, single level basket-type dish rack indicated at 34.

The dish rack 3f has a plurality ofrollers 36 which engage therespective track members 33, 33. Additionally, thedish rack 34 has one or more sets of wheels or rollers 37 engaging atrackway surface 38 formed on opposite ends of theinner wall surface 39 of the door 3G. The

38 and thetrack members 33, 33 as well as the spacing relationships between the wheels orrollers 36 and 37 are such that thedish rack 34 will be fully supported whenever it is moved out of the washing compartment or-treatrnent zone 24 and :'nto an accessible loading position as shown in Figure 2. Because thedish rack 34 has only a single level, all ware may be conveniently placedtherein without stacking. Thetrackway surfaces 38 terminate instop portions 40 which prevent. overtravel of thedish rack 34 with respect to the, door 3Q.

Thecasing 23 has. a bottom wall member 41Y which forms the bottom of the'washing compartment ortreatment zone 24. Additionally, there is provided abottom wall member 42. forming the bottom of a sump. 43V which operates as a tub sump for the dishwasher .22. Thesump 43 preferably includes an immersion-type heater 44 for imparting thermal energyto the. liquid solutions which accumulate in thesump 43.

Thesump 43 provides a supply for a chamber 46 leading to a combinat'on drain pumpy anddisposal unit 47 driven by a motor 48 through apulley belt 49.

The pump-disposal unit 47 reduces any solid waste which may be rinsed from the dishes and pumps such material together with soiled liquid out of the dishwasher through awaste pipe conduit 50 communicating with the condu't i6 leading to theoutlet 18.

The-chamber 46 has anoutlet 51 which is screened as at 52 and which communicates with the eye of a centrifugal pump 5.3 by means of aconduit connection 54.

Thepump 53 is driven by themotor 56 and liquid discharged by thepump 53 is delivered to anoutlet conduit 57 having branch conduits indicated at 58, 59 and 60, respectjvely.

Thebranch conduit 58 is controlled by an electrically operated control valve 61 and delivers fluid to a rotatablereaction spray arm 62 having a plurality of longitudinally spaced nozzles 63 arranged to direct jets of fluid generally upwardly through the washing co-mpartment ortreatment zone 24. Additionally, at the ends of thereaction spray arm 62 there are provided angularlyinclined spray nozzles 64, thereby enlarging the scope of coverage in the jet pattern developed by thereaction spray arm 62. T hereaction spray arm 62 gives a hard-hitting full coverage spray over all ware in thedish rack 34 as thereaction spray arm 62 rotates by reaction of the jets emanating Vfrom thenozzles 63 and 64.

The conduit '59 is controlled by an electrically' operatedvalve 66 and conducts fluid to a rotatable reaction spray arm 67 having a plurality of longitudinally spaced nozzles 68 and angularlyinclined end nozzles 69. It wfll be understood that thenozzles 68 and 69 are suitably inclined so that the reaction spray arm 67 will be rotated upon forcing iluid under pressure out of thenozzles 68 and 69.

It will be further noted upon referring to Figure 1 that thereaction spray arms 62 and 67 are in overlapping relation. Thus, most of the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24 receives double coverage if both of thearms 62 and 67 are simultaneously rotated.

Theconduit 60 is controlled by an electrically operated valve 7i?. The liquid ilow through theconduit 60 Vis divided into twoseparate branch ducts 71 and 72 (Figure 2), theduct 71 leading to a manifold 73 extending across the front portion of the machine between theend walls 26, 26, and theduct 72 leading to a manifold 74 extending across the rear portion of the machine between theend walls 26, 26.

Along the entire length of each manifold 73 `and 74, there are prov'ded longitudinally spacednozzles 76 which direct jets of iluid generally downwardly towards the opposite corner of the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24. A typical arrangement is indicated in detail in Figure 4 wherein the jet is shown emanating from the upper right-hand corner of the washing compartment (using the orientation of Fgure 2)`down towards the lower left-hand corner of the washing compartment.

In order to avoid interference with thedoor 30, thetop wall 27 of thecasing 23 may be relieved or odset as at 77 to accommodate the manifold '73.

In order to charge the washing compartment or treatment zone with a supply of washing solution or liquid for washing and rinsing the ware placed Vtherefn, an improved dispensing and mixing system is employed which is characterized by a mechanism operable by a single valve actuator to dispense a measured amount of additive material such as a detergent while closing the system aga'nst flow, and thereafter, closing the reservoir of additive material and opening the system to flow of additive material and primary material, such as water, whereby the materials are mixed.

For example, as shown in Figure 2, a supply of detergent is carried in areservoir 78 and is discharged to an outlet 79 communcating with the interior of the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24. The dispensing and mixing mechanism which controls the regulation of the discharge of detergent is indicated generally by thereference numeral 80.

The dispensingunit 80 has afresh water inlet 8,1 which takes the form of a funnel 82 in register with a d`scharge conduit 83. In compliance with sanitation requirements, an anti-backup gap or break is provided in the line between theconduit 8,3 and thefunnel 8,2. lt will be understood that theconduit 83 is connected to a suitable source of domestic supply,rwhereby hot and cold water may be fed through the dispens'ng -unit 80.

Although the construction of the dispensingunit 80, per se, does not form a part of the present invention, it may be noted that the mechanism within the interior thereof may include a double headpisto-n valve disposed for axial movement within a measurlng chamber enclosed within thecylindrical housing 84 and axially movable by a pivoted lever mechanism identified at 86.

The interior of the dispensingunit 80 further includes a two-way valve which controls communication of the outlet 79 with the mixing chamber inside of thehousing 84 and which also controls the communication of thereservoir 78 with the mixing chamber. That valve is connected to anactuator 87 regulated by anelectric solenoid motor 88. It will be understood that the flow of water through theconduit 83 can also be controlled by an electrically operated valve indicated at 89.

Briey described, the operation of the dispensing unit is as follows. Theleverage mechanism 86 is adjusted to vary selectively the volume of the mixing chamber whereupon thesolenoid motor 88 is energized to admit detergent from theVreservoir 78 into the measuring chamber. Thesolenoid motor 89 is deenergized to close theconduit 83 and cut off the supply of water through the inlet funnel 82.

Upon deenergization of thesolenoid motor 88, thedetergent hopper 78 is closed and the outlet 79 is placed in communication with the measuring chamber. Energization of thesolenoid motor 89 permits the tlow of inlet water through the dispensing unit whereupon the supply of water will Hush the detergent out of the measuring chamber and into thewashing compartment 24 through the outlet 79.

In the preferred embodiment herein illustrated, theinlet conduit 83 is connected to aheater tank 89 which is provided to insure an adequate supply of heated washing and rinsing fluid.

In accordance with the principles of the present invention, sequential control means are provided vfor automatically operating the machine through a series of washing and rinsing periods. Thus, Vit will be apparent to those versed in the art that all of the electrically operated control devices including the electrically operatedvalves 61, 66, 70 and 89 as well as the electrically operatedmotors 48, 56 and 88 may be selectively energized for predetermined periods of time and in accordance with presettable control cycles. Thus, a program schedule is obtainable whereby various combinations of spray patterns can be provided. It is desirable, for example, to operate the lowerreaction spray arms 62 and 67 while theupper manifold sprays 73 and 74 are shut oi and vice versa. Furthermore, optimum washability is obtained when the top and bottom sprays are used alternately. Moreover, inal rinsing in accordance with the principles of the present invention is best done with the topmanifold sprays 73 and 74 so that any remaining residue will be washed downwardly towards thesump 43.

In normal operation, thedoor 30 is opened and thedish rack 34 is pulled outwardly of thecmpartment 24. The houseware may be placed in thedish rack 34 without scraping or without any preliminary conditioning. By presetting the sequential control means, water from the .heater tank 89 is added to thesump 43.

With all of the ware in thedish rack 34 positioned in the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24 and thedoor 30 in closed position, the hot water is directed in jet fashion on the dishware alternately from the top and bottom sprays, thereby washing solid materials down to the chamber 46. The solid materials are disposed of by thepump disposal unit 47 and iiltered water is supplied by thepump 53 for recirculation through the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24.

After this prerinsing period, thedisposal pump unit 47 drains the chamber 46 to completely dispose of all solids and waste water through thedrain outlet 18.

Upon initiation of the main washing period, a suitable amount of detergent is added from thereservoir 78 by the dispensingunit 80. It will be understood that the soiled washing solution will be disposed of as described above by the combinationpump disposal unit 47.

The drying system of thedishwasher 22 consists of an outlet 90 (Figures l and 3) from the compartment ortreatment zone 24 at which ablower 91 is mounted to draw vapor-laden air from thewashing compartment 24 and force it through a conduit indicated generally at 92 and back into theinlet 93 of the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24.

More specifically, theconduit 92 may include a condenser unit indicated generally at 95 where moisture is removed and then delivered to aheat exchanger 94 where the temperature of the air is raised before being forced into the washing compartment ortreatment zone 24 through theinlet 93.

It will be understood that thecondenser 95 conveniently comprises a condenser-type heat exchanger wherein a small flow of cold water is effected through the conduit connections indicated at 96 and 97, respectively, (Figure 3). The coolant and condensate can be conveyed to the Waste line by conventional plumbing means which are not specically illustrated herein.

Theheat exchanger 94 constitutes ahollow enclosure 98 in which is situatedheating elements 99 to eiect an exchange of thermal energy to the air passing through theenclosure 98.

Although separateelectric motors 48 and 56 are disclosed herein, it will be appreciated that thepump 53 and the combinationpump disposal unit 47 could be driven by a single motor taking the form of a reversible electric motor arranged to drive one of the components in one direction of rotation and the other component in the opposite direction. Suitable one-way clutches well Vknown in the art could be applied so that each driven component would be driven during operation of the motor in a given direction.

By virtue of the arrangement described above, it will be appreciated that the machine of the present invention will afford improved washability regardless of how the ware is racked in thedish rack 34 and that the distribution of water over the surfaces of the ware will be independent of the deection of the water such as is 6 frequently the case in machines utilizing more than one level of rack loading.

The embodiment of Figure 5 is generally similar to the dishwasher already described and, accordingly, like reference numerals are applied wherever possible. In this form of the invention, however, a rotatablereaction spray arm 62a is provided having a plurality of longitudinally spacednozzles 63a arranged to direct jets of fluid generally upwardly through the washing compartment or treatment zone 24a.

A second reaction spray arm is indicated at 67a and has a plurality of longitudinally spacednozzles 68a. The axes of rotation of thereaction spray arms 62a and 67a are spaced less than the total length and more than onehali the length of the reaction spray arms and, accordingly, thespray arms 62 and 67 are in overlapping relation. Moreover, thespray arms 62a and 67a are disposed in coplanar relation so that the respective oppositely extending arm portions of each spray arm coverl a common center area. Accordingly, it is desirable that some form of synchronizing means be provided to mechanically synchronize the rotative movements of thespray arms 62a and 67a. For example, as shown in Figure 5, thespray arm 62a is provided with a bevel gear and thespray arm 67a is provided with a bevel gear 101. Suitable pinion means such as are indicated at 102 interconnect the gears 100 and 101, thereby insuring synchronized movement of thespray arms 62a and 67a.

In Figure S, the synchronizing means are illustrated as comprising a pair of pulleys 100a and 101:1 interconnected by anendless belt 102a.

Referring now specifically to Figures 5 and l0, it will be noted that there is provided adish rack 104 which conveniently comprises a rubber-coated Wire form means providing a lower rack wall having ailat center section 106 and two side sections indicated at 107 and 108, vrespectively. Theside section 107 is corrugated to provide a plurality of closely spaced angularlyinclined portions 109 each separated by a vertically extending shoulder 110.

Theside section 108 also has a plurality of angularly inclined portions 111 respectively separated by vertically extending shoulder portions 112.

A plurality ofwire loops 113 are mounted in upstanding vertical disposition in thesection 107. It will be noted that each loop has an offset leg 114 abutting against an angularlyinclined portion 109 and an upright leg 116 which lies generally superjacent a corresponding vertical shoulder 110. A plurality ofloops 117 are assembled in thesection 108 of therack 104, however, theloops 117 are somewhat higher or longer than theloops 113. Each of theloops 117 also includesbottom leg portions 118 abutting against the angularly inclined portions 111 and upstanding legs 119 which are vertically positioned above the vertically disposed shoulder portions 112. Theloops 113 and 117 can conveniently comprise generally U-shaped members having curved bight portions at the upper end thereof and generally parallel dependent legs, such as are indicated at 116 and 119.

Thecenter section 106 is provided with a plurality ofloops 120. All of theloops 113, 117 and 120 partition the rack area into a plurality of dish compartments. As shown in Figure l0, a portion of thecenter section 106 on therack 104 has a mesh Wall indicated at 121 forming a door for an enclosure bounded by mesh side walls indicated at 122, thereby to form a silverware compartment in the rack.

rl'he section indicated at 107 of the rack will accommodate all sizes of plates, saucers, and dessert dishes. lt will be noted that the lowermost portion of each angularlyinclined portion 109 is disposed towards the center of therack 104. Accordingly, all of the dishes in thesection 107 will face the center of the rack and Will lbe supported at th-ree point contact with the wires 7 ofthe wire form means, thereby facilitating removal cf all food particles from the dishware.

Y The rack V1.04isalso Provided with side .wall portions ndcat'ed'at'lZB which encircle the rack area. Suitable roller; means, as indicated at 124 are attached to the ra'ckl04. Therollers 124 engage atrack 33a carried by .theend walls 26, 26 of thecasing 23 and also engage the trackway Surface 3S formed on opposite ends of the inner wall surface 3 9 of the door 430. i

The section indicated at 1G45`onthe rack 104 will accommodate all sizes of cups and glasses. These cupshaped receptacles are supported at an `angle to allow draining of the water or other liquid impinged thereupon and since they are located in the center section of the rack, it will be noted that they are superjacent the area of overlap indicated as lying between the points A, B (Figure 8). Thus, the cups and glasses will be washed bypliquid from both sprayarms 62a and 67a.

The section indicated at 108 will accommodate deep dishes as well as all other sizes of dishware. The lowermost portion of the inclined portions 111 are towards the center of the rack so that all of the dishes will have point contact with the wire form means and will face towards the center of the rack.

The silverware stacked in the silverware compartment will also be exposed to the double washing effect resul*- ing from the overlap area A, B. This is particularly desirable because of the nesting eiect which results upon placing a large amount of silverware on themesh iioor 121. Referring now to Figures S, ll and l2, it will be noted that eachspray arm 62a and 67a provides a longitudinal row of nozzles. Thus, as seen in Figure 8, if the rotational axis of thespray arm 67a is considered to lie at C Va plurality ofnozzles 68a extend laterally from one side of the axis C corresponding to a side of thespray arm 67a indicated at D and a corresponding plurality ofnozzles 68a extend laterally on the other side of the axis C on a side indicated at E.

According to the principles of the present invention, all of thenozzles 63a are tilted or angularly offset. Referring to Figure ll, however, it will be noted that the nozzles on the side E are otset an amount equal to the angle F, while the nozzles on the side D are oifset by an amount equal to the angle G (Figure l2). it will be noted upon inspecting and comparing Figures 1l and l2 that the angles F and G are different, and angle G being greater than the angle F. In both instances, however, the oiset is in the samey direction. The difference between the angles F and G provides the reaction driving force vector, which reaction driving force results in the rotation of thespray arm 67a.

Furthermore, because all of thenozzles 67a in both sides D and E are oifset in the same direction, an improved liquid distribution will be effected. For example, referring to the right upper hand side of Figure 8, a representative dish is indicated at H and it will be noted that this dish is hit by liquid on both the front and back sides. This is due to the fact that the nozzles ororifices 68a are disposed on the same side of thespray arm 67a and as can be seen from the solid and dotted line positions of the arm, one extension such as the side D sprays one side of the dish H, while the other extension such as the side E sprays the other side of the dish.

If it is desired to simultaneously pivotally oscillate the reaction spray arms while rotating the same, the ernbodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 may be employed. For example, a dishwasher is indicated at G and provides atreatment zone 151 in which is positioned adish rack 152 superjacent one or morereaction spray arms 153. Water is supplied to thereaction spray arm 153 by a pump indicated schematically at P. The pump outlet is connected to a mountingtube 154 having bearing means 156 on the end thereof and discharging a moving stream of liquid at increased pressure and velocity into thehollow interior 157 of a motor casing 158' rotatably mounted on the bearing means 156. Asuitable bearing'means 159 is shown formed onthe themotor casing 158 to cooperate with the bearing means 156 and there is further provided an orifice 161B through which the fluid is dischargedV from the mountingtube 154. A reaction wheel 161 carried on ashaft 162 and journaled within the motor casing 15S is rotatably driven by the fluid stream impinging thereupon. Aworm 163 connected to theshaft 162 drives areduction gear 164 carried by ashaft 166 which is also journaled in themotor casing 158. Theshaft 166 carries aWorm 167 which engages agear 168 attached to ashaft 169 journaled in themotor casing 158 and extending outwardly thereof. Acrank arm 170 is connected on the end oftheV shaft 169 by means of fasteners indicated at 171. Alink member 172 fastened to thereaction spray arm 153 is pivotally connected as at 173 tjo thecrank arm 170; Thus, rotation of the reaction wheel 161 effects a mechanical `driving of the crank arm 17@ and an oscillationof thetube 153. The oscillation of thereaction spray arm 153 is illustrated in Figure 6 and is indicated by theangles 174 and 176; It will be noted that theangle 176 is greater than theangle 174 so that the displacement and dwell of theoscillating spray arm 153 is greater on one side than on the other. ln other words, the nozzles are offset in appropriate direction with respect to opposite Vsides ofthe rotational axis determined by the bearing means V156 and 159 so that the reaction from the nozzles indicated at N1 and N2 on opposite sides of thespray arm 153 will rotate not only thespray Yarm 153 but alsoYthe motor casing 158. Consequently, thespray arms 1,53: willl oscillate back and forth and will also be rotated togive a constantly changing pattern of liquid distribution.

It maybe noted that the spray arm 153 'is pivotally carried as at 175 by themotor box 158 and that the spray pattern indicated in Figure 6 is diagrammatically illustrated only for purposesV of illustrationand depicts thespray arm 153 rotated through 90 so that the degree of pivotal oscillation may be conveniently illustrated.

In Figure 9 is shown an actual structural embodiment of a dishwasher Vincorporating the principles of the present invention and specifically embodying a two-way valve operated by an electric solenoid and operable to alternate the top and bottomV spray means. Thus, there is provided apump 53b driven by a motor 561) and liquid discharged by the pump 5317 is delivered to an outlet conduit 57b. Flow from the outlet conduit 57b to a branch conduit 58b leading to one of the reaction spray arms, 59h leading to the second reaction'spray arm and 6tb leading to the upper spray manifolds is controlled by a two-way valve indicated generally by the reference character V. As noted on Figure 9, the valve V has a single inlet I conencted to the conduit 57b and two outlets, outlet O1 beingconnected to theconduits 5315 and 59b leading to the reaction spray armsV and O being connected to the conduit tlb leading to the Upper spray manifolds.

VThe valve V is of the solenoid operated type so that flow from the conduit 57b may be alternately shifted betweenoutlets O1 and O2. 1n this connection, the movable portion of thevalve V is indicated at 251) connected through acoil spring 251 to the plunger 252to a solenoid motor including acoil 253. The solenoid is mounted on abracket 254 attached to the valve V by a plurality of fasteners indicated at F.

VIt will be understood that thesolenoid 253 is electrically connected to the circuitry controlled by the Vsequential control means of the dishwasher so that the alternate top and bottom spraying of the dishware may be effected in accordance with the programing schedule preset by the operator of the machine.

Although Various minor structural modifications might b'e'suggested by those versed in the art, it should be understood that-wewish to embody within theV scope of the patent warranted hereon all such modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of our contribution to the art.

We claim as our invention:

1. A dishwasher comprising means forming a generally rectangular washing compartment having rear, side, top and bottom walls and a front opening, a hinged door for closing said front opening movable from a closed position into a generally horizontally disposed open position, reaction spray arm means in the bottom of said compartment directing jets of uid in a path extending upwardly throughout said compartment, support means carrying said spray arm means for rotation including pivot means between said support means and said spray arm means, a pair of spray manifolds extending between said end walls at the front and rear edges of said top wall for directing jets of fluid in a path extending downwardly through said compartment, a basket movable into and out of the path of said liquid jets in said compartment, a delivery pump having conduit means connected to said spray arm means and to said spray manifold form a source of liquid, and motor means having a driving connection with said spray arm means to pivotally oscillate said spray arm means for moving the upwardly directed liquid jets in a changing pattern throughout said basket positioned in the path of said liquid jets in said compartment, said conduit means including valves to selectively project jets of liquid from said spray arm means and said manifolds in predetermined spray patterns.

2. A dishwasher as defined in claim l, and presettable sequential control means in control of said valves for automatically operating said machine through a series of washing and rinsing periods to alternately project jets of fluid from said spray arm means and said manifolds.

3. A dishwasher comprising means forming a generally rectangular washing compartment having rear, side, top, bottom and front walls, reaction spray arm means in the bottom of said compartment directing jets of fluid generally upwardly, support means carrying said spray arm means for rotation including pivot means between said support means and said spray arm means, a pair of spray manifolds extending between said end walls at the front and rear edges of said top wall for directing jets of fluid generally downwardly and motor means having a driving connection with said spray arm means to pivotally oscillate said spray arm means concurrently with rotation thereof, thereby to move said upwardly directed jets of uid in a changing pattern throughout said washing compartment.

4. A dishwasher comprising means forming a generally rectangular Washing compartment having rear, side, top and bottom walls and a front opening, a hinged door for closing said front opening movable from a closed position into a generally horizontally disposed open position, reaction spray arm means in the bottom of said compartment directing jets of uid in a path extending upwardly throughout said compartment, support means carrying said spray arm means for rotation including pivot means between said support means and said spray arm means, a pair of spray manifolds extending between said end walls at the front and rear edges of said top wall for directing jets of uid in a path extending downwardly through said compartment, a basket movable into and out of the path of said liquid jets in said compartment, a delivery pump having conduit means connected to said spray arm means and to said spray manifold from a source of liquid, and motor means having a driving connection with said spray arm means to pivotally oscillate said spray arm means for moving the upwardly directed liquid jets in a changing pattern throughout said basket positioned in the path of said liquid jets in said compartment.

5. A dishwasher comprising means forming a generally rectangular washing compartment having rear, side, top, bottom and front walls, a mounting tube in the bottom of said compartment having bearing means on the end thereof and discharging-a moving stream of liquid at increased pressure and velocity, a motor casing rotatably mounted on said bearing means in said compartment, a reaction wheel journaled in said casing and rotatably driven by said moving stream of liquid, a crank arm linkage having a driven connection with said reaction wheel, a reaction spray arm pivotally carried by said motor casing having a longitudinal row of nozzles extending from opposite sides of the axis of rotation of said motor means, means operatively connecting said spray arm to said linkage to pivotally oscillate said spray arm through a displacement and dwell greater on one side than on the other, the elective angular placement of said nozzles on opposite sides of said axis being relatively offset a sufficient amount to produce a reactive force for rotating said spray arm and said motor casing, and means supplying fluid under pressure to said reaction spray arm to direct jets of fluid generally upwardly in a changing pattern throughout said washing compartment.

6. In a dishwasher, means forming a generally rectangular treatment zone, a dish rack in said zone for holding dishware and a pair of rotatable reaction spray arms below said rack having rows of nozzles for projecting jets of liquid through the treatment zone, each said spray arm comprising support means carrying said spray arm for rotation and including pivot means between said support means and said arm, motor means, and means operatively connecting said motor means to said pivot means to pivotally oscillate said spray arm through a displacement and dwell greater on one side than on the other, the effective angular placement of said nozzles on opposite sides of said axis being relatively olfset a suicient amount to produce a reactive force for rotating said spray arm concurrently with the oscillation thereof, said treatment zone having a sump formed at the bottom thereof, a combination drain pump and disposal unit in communication with said sump and taking suction thereon, said unit including an outlet means having a filter screen therein, a delivery pump having conduit means connected to said outlet means arranged to conduct filtered liquid to said spray arm, and a waste pipe conduit connected to said unit to receive and discharge residue to drain.

7. A dishwasher comprising means forming a generally rectangular washing compartment having real', side, top, bottom and front walls, reaction spray arm means in the bottom of said compartment directing jets of fluid generally upwardly, and a pair of spray manifolds extending between said end walls at the front and rear edges of said top wall for directing jets of iluid generally downwardly, said compartment having a sump formed at the bottom thereof, a combination drain pump and disposal unit in communication with said sump and taking suction thereon, said unit including an outlet means having a filter screen therein, a delivery pump having conduit means connected to said outlet means arranged to conduct filtered liquid to said spray arms and said manifolds, and a waste pipe conduit connected to said unit to receive and discharge residue to drain.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 603,342 Ott May 3, 1898 1,114,591 Delaney Oct. 20, 1914 1,156,612 Morrell Oct. 12, 1915 1,180,526 Partridge Apr. 25, 1916 1,298,725 Insinger Apr. 1, 1919 1,408,077 Clinton Feb. 28, 1922 1,447,304 Hauk Mar. 6, 1923 1,534,979 McGee Apr. 2l, 1925 1,621,830 Clarkson Mar. 22, 1927 2,307,363 Dunham Jan. 5, 1943 2,364,705 Geralds Dec. l2, 1944 (Other references on following page) 12 Karlstrom May 13, 1952 Sway Jan. 5, 1954 Meeker June 22, 1954Abresch 1 Feb. 14, 1956 Sebens May 15, 1956 Low June 2,6, 1956 s1 m 'ferm

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