US2850007A - Biopsy device - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 2, 1958 R. c. LINGLEY BIOPSY DEVICE Filed May 51, 1956 \llllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllllllllllll m /70 4. 1 s v. o a

ATTORNEY.

BIOPSY DEVICE Robert C. 'Lingley, Waltham, Mass assignor to American Cyanamid Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Maine Application May 31, 1956, Serial No. 588,528

11 Claims. (Cl. 128-2) The present invention relates to biopsy instruments and to the parts thereof.

For a biopsy, it is necessary to secure enough tissue from the suspected area to meet the requirements of the examination. Where that area is located at a depth, it is often difiicult to secure tissue from it, at least in adequate supply, and the principal objective of this invention is to furnish an instrument enabling tissue, whether hard or soft, to be effectively sampled even at substantial depths.

This generally stated objective is attained, in accordance With the invention, with a biopsy instrument comprising a needle consisting of a cannula having one end adapted for entry into the tissue and a hub attached to its other end. A member is slidable and rotatable in the needle and has a tissue cutting portion at one end in the form of a helix and a portion at its other end which has a screw feed part detachably engageable with a complemental part on the needle hub.

With such a device, when the needle is advanced into tissue in the suspected area independently of its member, it receives and partially severs a mass of tissue. With the screw feed parts engaged, the member is then rotated to advance positively its helical cutting portion into the contained mass to the desired extent to cut it into a spirally disposed specimen of such small cross sectional dimensions that rupture proximate the extremity of the helical cutting portion is ensured when the needle and member are Withdrawn as a unit. It is thus assured that the retained specimen will furnish an adequate supply of tissue for biopsy purposes.

In the accompanying drawings, there is shown an illustrative embodiment of the invention from which these and other of its objectives, novel features, and advantages will be readily appreciated.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view of a biopsy instrument, showing, in

,plan view, the screw feed part with which the needle .is provided and with an obturator in place,

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view thereof with said part partly broken away,

Fig. 3 is a view of the obturator,

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the needle inserted in tissue with the obturator blocking the cannula bore,

Fig. 5 is a similar .view with the needle advanced relative to the obturator to receive Within it tissue .from a suspected area, .and

Fig. 6 illustrates the advance of a helical cutting member in accordance with the invention into the contained mass of tissue.

At 10, there is generally indicated a needle, shown as having itscannula 11 beveled at one end as at 12 to provide a tissue piercing point and having at its other end ahub 13 provided with abore 14 with which the bore of thecannula 11 is in axial communication.

A generally indicatedobturator 15, see Fig. 3, has itsstem 16 dimensioned to be a close fit in thecannula 11 but to be slidable and rotatable with respect thereto.

Patented Sept. 2, 1958 "Ice The obturator is conventional and is of sufficient length sothat itsbeveled end 17 will lie flush with the cannula "tissue within it. Theneedle 10 is then advanced into the suspected area to receive within it a plugor mass of tissue that must be severed. Usually before such advance, a tissue retaining member, generally indicated at 22, is inserted into theneedle 10 in substitution of theobturator 15.

In order that such received tissue will remain in theneedle 10 as it is withdrawn, thetissue retaining member 22 is shown as having ahelical portion 23 at one end and a portion 24 at its other end dimensioned to enter the hub bore 14, and including afinger grip 25. Thehelical cutting portion 23 is shown as a spiral diinensio-ned to be a close fit in theneedle 10 and as having its free extremity in the form of a transversely disposed cutting edge 26.

As illustrative of complemental screw feed parts by which thetissue retaining member 22 may be positively advanced to a determined extent, the portion 24 of thetissue retaining member 22 is shown as having threads 27 and these may he engaged by thepart 28 with which theresilient arm 25%, attached to thehub 13, is provided and which normally holds said screw feed parts disengaged. When, however, thearm 29 is manually depressed to effect the engagement of the parts, thetissue retaining member 22 may be rotated to positively advance itscutting portion 23 relative to theneedle 10 into the mass of contained tissue to cut that mass into a spirally dispose-d specimen of cross sectional dimension that will rupture readily adjacent the extremity of the helical cutting portion when the device is withdrawn. In practice, the pitch of the threads 27 is the same as that of thehelical cutting portion 23.

In order that the parts may be detachably locked together, thehub 13 is shown as having a. longitudinally disposed T-shaped channel 30 adapted to receive the head 31 of aslide 32 carried by. thearm 29 in a slot 33.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that biopsy devices, in accordance with the invention, are well adapted to meet the important requirements of ensuring the positive removal of a specimen tissue, either hard or soft, from suspected internal areas, that will prove adequate for examination purposes.

What I therefore claim and desire to secure by 'Letters Patent is:

1. A biopsy device comprising a needle including ;a

hub and cannula-having one end pointed for entry into tissue and the other end attached'to said .hub, and a member slidable and rotatable'in said cannula and'hub and including a helical cutting-portion at one end and a-second portion at the other end, said'hub and said second'portion including'complemental, disengageable, screw ='feed parts,

2. A biopsy device comprising a needle including a hub and cannula having one end pointed for entry into tissue and the other end attached to said hub, and a member slidable and rotatable in said cannula and hub and including a helical cutting portion at one end and a second portion at the other end, said hub and said second portion including complemental, disengageable, screw feed parts, said needle, when advanced into tissue independently of said needle and said member being movable relative to one another so that either may be first advanced into tissue and the other then advanced with respect thereto, said screw feed parts, when engaged, ensuring that on rotation of said member, its advance is positive, the combined action of the advancement of said needle and member being that of effecting the cutting of a mass of tissue into a spiral specimen whose cross seeitonal dimension ensures rupture of the retained specimen proximate to the extremity of the helical cutting portion when said device is withdrawn, the pitch of the helical cutting portion being the same as that established by said screw feed parts.

3. A biopsy device comprising a needle including a hub and a cannula having one end pointed for entry into tissue and the other end attached to said hub and a member slidable and rotatable in said cannula and hub and including a helical cutting portion at one end and a second portion at the other end, said hub and said second portion including complemental screw feed parts, the screw feed part carried by said hub including a resilient supporting arm normally holding it from an operative position with respect to the screw feed part of the member, said needle and said member being movable relative to one another so that either may be first advanced into tissue and the other then advanced with respect thereto, said screw feed parts, when engaged, ensuring that on rotation of said member, its advance is positive, the combined action of the advancement of said needle and member being that of effecting the cutting of a mass of tissue into a spirally disposed specimen whose cross sectional dimensions ensure rupture of the retained specimen proximate to the extremity of the helical cutting portion when said device is withdrawn.

4. A biopsy device comprising a needle including a hub and a cannula having one end pointed for entry into tissue and the other end attached to said hub and a member slidable and rotatable in said cannula and hub and including a helical cutting portion at one end and a second portion at the other end, said hub and said second portion including complemental screw feed parts, the screw feed part carried by said hub including a resilient supporting arm normally holding it from an operative position with respect to the screw feed part of the member and means on said hub engageable with said arm to lock said hub part in said operative position, said needle and said member being movable relative to one another so that either may be first advanced into tissue and the other then advanced with respect thereto, said screw feed parts, when engaged, ensuring that on rotation of said member, its advance is positive, the combined action of the advancement of said needle and member being that of effecting the cutting of a mass of tissue into a spirally disposed specimen whose cross sectional dimensions ensure rupture of the retained specimen proximate the end of the retained helical cutting portion when said device is withdrawn.

5. A biopsy device comprising a needle including a hub and a cannula having one end pointed for entry into tissue and the other end attached to said hub and a member slidable and rotatable in said cannula and hub and including a helical cutting portion at one end and a threaded portion at the other end, a thread engaging part carried by said hub for movement into and out of engagement with the said threaded portion to establish a connection, said needle and said member being movable relative to one another so that either may be first advanced into tissue and the other then advanced with respect thereto, said screw feed parts, when engaged, ensuring that on rotation of said member, its advance is positive, the combined action of the advancement of said needle and member being that of effecting the cutting of a mass of tissue into a spirally disposed specimen whose cross sectional dimensions ensure rupture of the retained specimen proximate the end of the cutting portion when said device is withdrawn.

6. A biopsy needle for use with a tissue severing member provided at one end with one part of a screw feed, said needle comprising a cannula having one end for entry into tissue and a hub on the other end of said cannula, said hub and said cannula slidably and rotatably receiving said member, and a eomplemental screw feed part carried by said hub for engagement with the member part thereof.

7. A biopsy needle for use with a tissue severing member provided at one end with a threaded portion, said needle comprising a cannula having one end for entry into tissue, and a hub on the other end of said cannula, said hub and said cannula slidably and rotatably receiving said member, a resilient arm on said hub, and a part carried by said arm for engagement with said threaded portion.

8. A biopsy needle for use with a tissue severing member provided at one end with a threaded portion, said needle comprising a cannula having one end for entry into tissue and a hub on the other end of said cannula, said hub and said cannula slidably and rotatably receiving said member, a resilient arm on said hub, and a part carried by said arm for engagement with said threaded portion and means for detachably locking said arm in engagement.

9. A tissue severing member to be slidably and r0 tatably received within a biopsy needle whose hub has a screw feed part, said member including at one end a helical tissue entering portion and at the other end a complemental screw feed part.

10. A tissue severing member to be slidably and rotatably received within a biopsy needle whose hub has a screw feed part, said member including at one end a helical tissue entering portion and at the other end a threaded part.

11. A tissue severing member to be slidably and rotatably received within a biopsy needle whose hub has a screw feed part, said member including at one end a helix whose free end has a transverse cutting edge and the other end has a complemental screw feed part.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

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