US2771091A - Drill pipe float valve - Google Patents

Description

1956 R. c. BAKER ET AL DRILL PIPE FLOAT VALVE Filed Feb. 23, 1954 REUBEN C. BA/(EQ,

044 45 M. .BKIGAN,

INVENTORS.

BY WWW .4 rrbeA/EY.

United States Patent ce DRILL PIPE FLOAT VALVE Reuben C. Baker, Coalinga, and Thomas M. Ragan, Downey, Califi, assignors to Baker Oil Tools, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California Application February 23, 1954, Serial No. 411,991

7 Claims. (Cl. 137-542) The present invention relates to subsurface well apparatus, and more particularly to valve devices which are to be incorporated in strings of drill pipe for the purpose of preventing upward flow of fluid therethrough.

Drill pipe float valves are incorporated in strings of drill pipe that are to be disposed in well bores, to occomplish several desirable objectives. Inasmuch as this type of valve closes in an upward direction and opens to permit downward flow of fluid therethrough, it is instrumental in floating the drill pipe string in the hole as the string is being lowered therewithin. As a result of this floating action, the derrick and rig equipment is relieved of a substantial portion of the weight of the drill pipe string. In addition, the drill pipe float valve reduces the danger of the drill bit at the lower end of the string of pipe plugging, and also eliminates the annoyance of fluid rapidly filling the drill pipe and overflowing at the top of the hole, wetting the surface equipment, the working area, and the personnel. By preventing upward flow of fluid through the drill pipe, bowouts or other damage is minimized or prevented entirely in the event the drilling string should part.

Since the valve normally opens fully in a downward direction, it allows full and unimpeded pumping of drilling mud and similar drilling fluid down through the drill pipe and out of the drill bit, carrying the cuttings upwardly around the drill pipe to the top of the hole. Such downward pumping of fluid through the drill pipe float valve has heretofore been attended with erosive wear on the parts, which reduces the eflectiveness of the valve and its life.

An object of the present invention is to provide a drill pipe float valve possessing a greatly increased life.

Another object of the invention is to provide a drill pipe float valve embodying a non-metallic sealing element which is easier to install, is less likely to be damaged during installation, and which provides a more positive seal holding the valve closed while the drill pipe is being lowered through the fluid in the well bore, or in the event fluid tends to flow upwardly through the drill pipe. I

This invention possesses many other advantages, and has other objects which may be made more clearly apparent from a consideration of a form in which it may be embodied. This form is shovm in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification. It will now be described in detail, for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention; but it is to be understood that such detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a string of drill pipe, with a float valve mechanism embodied therein, the valve being shown in closed position;-

Fig. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal section through the valve mechanism, removed from the string of drill pipe, with the valve shown in an open'position;

2,711,091 Patented Nov. 20, 1956 Fig. 3 is a cross-section taken along theline 33 on Fig. 2.

As disclosed, a valve mechanism A is incorporated within a string of drill pipe B extending to the top of the hole, and through which drilling fluid is pumped in a downward direction as the drill pipe is rotated, to rotate a dril bit C on its lower end. The valve device can be incorporated at any convenient point along the length of the drill pipe. As shown, it is mounted within a relatively short drill collar or sub 10 ordinarily placed at the lower end of the drill pipe string B and immediately above the drill bit C. The drill collar may have an enlargedbore 11 providing a cylindrical wall and a lowertransverse shoulder 12. It may also have a lower threaded pin 13 threadedly secured within the upper threaded box 14 of the drill bit C, or of a sub, which is, in turn, attached to the drill bit. The upper end of the drill collar or pipe 10 is constituted as a threadedbox 15 threadedly secured to thelower pin end 16 of an adjoining drill pipe ordrill collar section 17.

The lowertransverse shoulder 12 and thelower end 18 of thepin 16 of the upper drill pipe section form a pair of opposed longitudinally spaced stops for confining the valve body orcage 19 of the valve mechanism A. This body, or cage has an outside diameter slightly less than the diameter of the cylindrical wall of the enlarged drill pipe bore 11, whereas the length of thevalve body 19 may be slightly less than the longitudinal distance between the lowertransverse shoulder 12 and thelower pin end 18 of the upperdrill pipe section 17.

The valve body orcage 19 may consist of an uppercylindrical portion 20 and a lowercylindrical portion 21 interconnected by a plurality, such as a pair, of circumferentially spaced, longitudinal bars orribs 22. Theupper cage portion 20 is provided with a pair of oppositely directedside seals 23 which may be in the form of cup-shaped packings whosebase portions 24 are received withincircumferential grooves 25 in the valve body, thelip portions 26 of the packing or sealing members being engageable with the cylindrical wall of the enlargedbore portion 11 of the drill pipe and facing away from each other. It is evident that the upperseal ring member 23 precludes downward flow of fluid between thevalve body 19 and the drill pipe section 10, whereas thelower packing member 23 precludes upward flow of fluid between thevalve body 19 and the drill collar or pipe section 10.

Thevalve cage 19 has a comparatively large bore orpassage 27 therethrough for the flow of fluid. The upper portion of this passage is cylindrical, having a generally frusto-conical stop orvalve seat portion 28 which converges in an upward direction, this frusto-conical portion being engageable by a correspondinglytapered surface 29 of a valve head or stop 30. This head member is suitably secured to avalve stem 31 depending there from, as by casting thehead 30 on the upper end of thevalve stem 31, the latter being provided with aperipheral groove 32 into which the cast metal can flow,

to form a circumferential flange or rib 33 within the stem groove. Thestem 31 extends downwardly from the head or stop 30, being freely slidable through anelongate valve guide 34 which extends through thehub portion 35 of aspider 36, the latter being secured to the It is to be noted that the upper and lowercylindrical portions 20, 21 of thebody 19, its longitudinal ribs orbars 22, theradial ribs 37 and thehub 35 are all integral with one another. Thevalve guide 34 is a separate memher that is, nevertheless, firmly secured to thevalve body 19. As shown, the guide 34- has anupper flange 38 resting upon the upper portion of thehub 35, this flange being held firmly against the upper portion of the hub by threading anut 39 on the lower end of the guide which is tightened to snugly engage the lower end of thehub 35. It is apparent that theupper guide flange 38 prevents downward movement of theguide 34 with respect to thevalve cage 19, whereas thenut 39 prevents upward movement of the guide with respect to thehub 35 andvalve cage 19.

The head can engage the companion seat or stop 28 on the valve cage and prevent upward flow of fluid through the valve device. this sealing engagement of the valve head with its companion seat to prevent upward leakage of fluid through the device. Actually, such upward leakage of fluid is prevented by a non-metallic valve element ordisc 40 which surrounds thevalve stem 31 and bears against theunderside 41 of thevalve head 39. This non-metallic valve element has an outer downwardly facinglip portion 42 adapted to sealingly engage a generallycylindrical seat 43 which extends downwardly from thetapered stop portion 28 of the valve cage. This last-mentionedseat 43 has a diameter which is slightly greater than theperiphery 44 of the valve head, and, if desired, may actually be formed with a slight taper inclined in an upward and inward direction toward the axis of the valve device. Thenon-metallic valve disc 40 may be made of rubber or rubber-like material, fluid pressure from below the element urging the dependinglip 42 radially outward into firm sealing engagement with the companion generallycylindrical seat 43.

Therubber valve disc 40 is held against the valve head by a suitablemetallic retainer disc 45 surrounding thevalve stem 31 and having a diameter that is substantially smaller than the diameter of thevalve head periphery 44, to allow fluid to be directed outwardly against thelip 42 of the sealing element. Thisseparate retainer disc 45 is urged in an upward direction to hold the rubber valve element 4%) against thehead 30 by ahelical spring 46 encompassing thevalve stem 31, the lower end of the spring bearing against theupper guide flange 38, and the upper end of the spring bearing against theretainer disc 45. The upper end of the spring is prevented from moving laterally of the disc by virtue of an encompassing dependingskirt 47 forming part of theretainer disc 45.

Thespring 46 not only holds the non-metallic sealing element in proper relation against thevalve head 30, but it also urges thevalve head 30,stem 31,rubber sealing element 40, and retainer disc in an upward direction as a unit, to place thehead 30 in contact with itscompanion stop 28 and thesealing disc 40 in sealing engagement with itsseat 43.

For the purpose of facilitating assembly of the valve mechanism, thehub 35 has alongitudinal slot 48 therethrough slightly wider than the diameter of thestem 31. In assembling the parts, thesealing element 40 is first slipped over thestem 31, followed by theretainer disc 45. Thespring 46 is then placed over the stem, with its upper end disposed within thedisc skirt 47. Theguide 34 is then placed over thestem 31 with its upper portion within the lower portion of thespring 46. The spring exerts a comparatively light force, which enables theguide 34 to be moved upwardly along thestem 31 to fully compress the spring. Thereafter, the parts are placed laterally in thecage 19 between thelongitudinal ribs 22, with thevalve head 30 adjacent itscompanion stop 28 and with the lower end of theguide 34 above the upper end of thehub 35. The portion of thevalve stem 31 projecting from the lower end of the guide can then be However, reliance is not placed upon inserted laterally through thehub slot 48, theguide 34 then being shifted down into thehub 35, with itsupper flange 38 engaging the upper end of the hub. The out 39 is then threaded on the lower end of the guide and tightened against the lower end of thehub 35. With the parts in this position, thespring 46 is effective to urge thevalve head 30,stem 31, sealing element 49, andretainer disc 45 in an upward direction, to engage thevalve head 30 with itscompanion stop 28 and place thenon-metallic element 40 in sealing relation to the generallycylindrical seat 43.

The assembled valve mechanism A, with theseals 23 in place, is then slipped into thecylindrical bore 11 in the drill pipe member 10 and the latter threaded into the string of drill pipe at the desired location, theside seals 23 preventing leakage in both longitudinal directions between thevalve body 19 and the inner wall of the drill pipe member or collar 10. During lowering of the string of drill pipe through the fluid in the well bore, such fluid is capable of passing upwardly through thevalve body 19, since thevalve head 30 is engaging itscompanion stop 28 and thelip 42 of the valve sealing element 49 is disposed fully within its companion substantiallycylindrical seat 43. The fluid under pressure urges the seal outwardly into firm sealing engagement with the cylindrical wall, the upper portion of this seal being prevented from being moved upwardly beyond thehead 39 by the head itself, whoseperiphery 44 makes a fairly close fit with the generallycylindrical seat 43.

In the event fluid is to be pumped down through the string of drill pipe, the valve device does not interfere with this action, since thespring 46 is preferably comparatively light, exerting just sufficient force to insure the upward engagement of the head 34) andvalve seal element 40 with thestop 28 andseat 43, respectively. A comparatively low volumetric rate of flow in a downward direction will shift the valve elements downwardly to a fully open position, thevalve element 40 being disposed downwardly away from itscompanion seat 43, which is also true of thelarger portion 44 of thevalve head 30. Fluid can pass downwardly around thevalve head 30 and theseal 40, flowing through the arcuate spaces between thelongitudinal ribs 22, as well as theradial ribs 37, down into the drill pipe and drill bit passages therebelow. The flow of fluid may urge thelip 42 of the sealing element 4% inwardly to some extent, but such inward deflection can occur readily in view of the reduced diameter of theretainer disc 45 as compared to the diameter of thevalve disc 40 and of thevalve head periphery 44.

In the event downward pumping of fluid is discontinued, thevalve spring 46 reshifts thevalve head 30,valve sealing element 40, andretainer disc 45 back into the position disclosed in Fig. l, in which the valve is again closed.

Should upward flow of fluid tend to occur, thelip 42 of the sealingelement 40 engages thecylindrical seat 43, to prevent such flow of fluid around the periphery of thevalve element 40 and thevalve head 30. Similarly, the pressureis also acting upon the main body portion of thevalve element 40, urging it firmly against thelower surface 41 of thevalve head 30 to prevent leakage between thevalve stem 31 and thevalve element 40, and between the upper surface of thevalve element 40 and thelower surface 41 of thevalve head 30.

The valve mechanism disclosed and described has been found to have a longer effective life than similar devices heretofore employed in drill pipe strings. Thevalve seal 40 is very simple to install in place in the manner described above, such installation occurring without the necessity for deforming or stretching the rubber or similar material from which the valve seal is made. Accordingly, there is a lessened likelihood of damaging this seal during installation, so that it remains efiective for positively preventing fluid passage in an upward direction through the string of drill pipe. In addition, theseal element 40 engages a generallycylindrical seat 43 to positively preiinq a 7' vent leakage therearound, the seal element being reinforced by thehead 30, this head being backed up by its engagement with the taperedstop surface 28 formed on thevalve cage 19.

. The inventors claim:

1. In a drill pipe float valve: a valve body having a transverse stop portion and a substantially cylindrical valve seat below said stop portion, said body also having an inner hub below said cylindrical seat; a guide in said hub and having a flange engaging the upper end of said hub; a member threaded on said guide and engaging the lower end of said hub; a valve stem slidable in said guide: a valve head on said stem movable upwardly into engagement with said stop portion, said head having a peripheral portion within and closely adjacent said seat when said head engages said stop portion; a non-metallic sealing disc bearing against a donwardly facing surface of said valve head and having a downwardly facing lip portion to sealingly engage said seat; a retainer member engaging the underside of said disc; said disc and retainer member being movable downwardly relative to said valve head away from said surface; and a spring encircling said stern and bearing against said guide and retainer member to engage said disc with said head surface and urge said head and disc upwardly to engage said head with said stop portion and said lip with said seat.

2. In a drill pipe float valve: a valve body having a valve seat and an inner hub below said valve seat; a guide in said hub and having a flange engaging the upper end of said hub; a member threaded on said guide and engaging the lower end of said hub; a valve stem slidable in said guide; valve means on said stem movable upwardly into engagement with said seat; and a spring engaging said flange and said valve means to urge the latter upwardly into engagement with said seat.

3. In a drill pipe float valve: a hollow valve body having an axis, a transverse stop portion sloping longitudinally and inwardly towards said axis, and a valve seat below said stop portion having a longitudinally extending internal seating surface; a guide on said body below said seat; a valve stem slidable in said guide; a valve head complementing said stop portion carried on said stern movable upwardly within said seat into engagement with said stop portion, said head having a peripheral portion within and closely adjacent said seating surface when said head engages said stop portion; a non-metallic sealing disc bearing againgst a downwardly facing surface of said valve head and having a downwardly facing lip portion adapted to be disposed within said seating surface to sealingly engage said seating surface; a retainer member engaging the underside of said disc; said disc and retainer member being slidably mounted and movable downwardly along said valve stem and relative to said valve head away from said downwardly facing surface; and a spring encircling said stern and bearing against said guide and retainer member to urge and hold said retainer member yieldably against said disc, said disc against said head surface, and to urge said head and disc upwardly to engage said head with said stop portion and said lip with said seating surface.

4. In a drill pipe float valve: a hollow valve body having a transverse substantially frusto-conical stop portion and a valve seat below said stop portion having a longitudinaly extending internal seating surface; a valve member having a substantially conical surface movable upwardly into engagement with said stop portion and having a peripheral portion disposed within and closely adjacent said seating surface when engaged with said stop portion; a non-metallic sealing disc bearing against a downwardly facing surface of said valve member and having a downwardly facing lip portion adapted to be disposed within said seating surface to sealingly engage said seating surface, said disc being movable downwardly relative to said member away from said downwardly facing surface; and means engaging said disc to urge and hold it upwardly against said valve member surface and to urge said valve member and disc toward said stop portion and seat.

5. In a drill pipe float valve: a hollow valve body having an axis, a transverse stop portion and a valve seat belowsaid stop portion having a longitudinally extending'internal seating surface; a valve member movable upwardly into engagement with said stop portion and having a peripheral portion disposed within and closely adjacent said seating surface when engaged with said stop portion; said stop portion and valve member having complementary mutually engagable surfaces sloping longitudinally and inwardly towards said axis; a non-metallic sealing disc bearing against a downwardly facing surface of said valve member and having a downwardly facing lip portion adapted to be disposed within said seating surface to sealingly engage said seating surface, said disc being movable downwardly relative to said member away from said downwardly facing surface; and spring means bearing upon said disc and acting between said disc and body to engage said disc with said valve member surface and urge said valve member and disc yieldably upwardly to engage said member with said stop portion and said lip with said seating surface.

6. In a drill pipe float valve: a hollow valve body having an axis, a transverse stop portion sloping longitudinally and inwardly towards said axis and a valve seat below said stop portion having a longitudinally extending internal seating surface; a guide on said body below said seat; a valve stem slidable in said guide; a valve head on said stem having a surface complementing that of said stop portion movable upwardly within said seat into engagement with said stop portion, said head having a peripheral portion within and closely adjacent said seating surface when said head engages said stop portion; a non-metallic sealing disc bearing against a downwardly facing surface of said valve head and having a downwardly facing lip portion adapted to be disposed within .said seating surface to sealingly engage said seating surface; a retainer member engaging the underside of said disc; said disc and retainer member being biased and movable downwardly by gravity relative to said valve head away from said downwardly facing surface; and a spring encircling said stem and bearing against said guide and retainer member to engage said disc with said head surface and urge said head and disc yieldably upwardly against the force of gravity to engage said head with said stop portion and said lip with said seating surface.

7. In a drill pipe float valve: a hollow valve body having an axis, a stop portion inclined in a longitudinal and inward direction and a valve seat below said stop portion having a longitudinally extending internal seating surface; a guide on said body below said seat; a valve stem slidable in said guide; a valv head on said stem having an upper frusto-conical surface conforming to the inclination of said stop portion and movable upwardly into engagement with said stop portion, said head having a peripheral portion within and closely adjacent said seating surface when said head engages said stop portion; a non-metallic sealing disc slidably embracing said stem and bearing against a downwardly facing surface of said valve head and having a downwardly facing lip portion adapted to be disposed within said seating surface to sealingly engage said seating surface; a retainer member slidably embracing said stern and engaging the underside of said disc; said disc and retainer member being movable downwardly relative to said valve head away from said downwardly facing surface; and a spring encircling said stem and bearing against said guide and retainer member to engage said disc with said head surface and urge said head and disc upwardly to engage said head with said stop portion and said lip with said seating surface.

(References on following page) UNITED STATES PATENTS Hatchet Aug. 20, 1935 Deakins Feb. 28, 1939 Fortune Jan. 2, 1940 Adkins Mar. 5, 1940 Anderson Sept. 14, 1943 Osburn May 8, 19 56 FOREIGN PATENTS France of 1925 Great Britain of 1928

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