US2463951A - Refrigeration expansion valve - Google Patents

Description

Filed May 25; 1945 INVENTOR.

MATTORNEY Patented Mar. 8, 1949 v REFRIGERATION EXPANSION VALVE Franklyn Y. Carter, Dearborn, Mich., assignor to Detroit Lubricator Company, Detroit, Mich., a

corporation of Michigan Application May 25, 1945, Serial No. 595,853

5 Claims. 1

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in thermostatic expansion valves for controlling the flow of refrigerant medium to the evaporator of a refrigerating apparatus.

An object of the invention is to provide a valve by which the superheat of the refrigerant medium withdrawn from the evaporator will be maintained substantially constant. 7 Another object is to provide means for throttling the valve in accordance with temperature and pressure of the refrigerant medium at the outlet of the evaporator in order to maintain the evaporator completely refrigerated.

Other and further objects will be apparent from the following description.

In the accompanying drawing, to be taken as a part of this specification, there is fully and clearly illustrated a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which drawing,

The figure is a diagrammatic View of a refrigerating apparatus having the valve of this invention operatively connected therein and shown in longitudinal central section.

Referring to the drawing by characters of reference, the numeral I designates a refrigerant medium compressor driven by anelectric motor 2 and discharging into acondenser 3 having its outlet feeding into a receiver 4. From the receiver 4 a refrigerant liquid line or conduit 5 connects to the inlet 6 of a thermostatic expansion valve I having itsoutlet 8 connected by a conduit 9 to the inlet of an evaporator ID. The outlet of the evaporator I is connected by the usual suction line or conduit II to the inlet of the compressor I. In the suction line II there is a pressure chamber I2 having an inlet I3 adjacent the evaporator I0 and connected thereto and having an outlet I4 for flow from the chamber I2 to the compressor I. Thecompressor motor 2 may be controlled in any well known manner as, for example, by a pressure switch, not shown, responsive to pressure of the refrigerant medium in the suction line I I.

The expansion valve I has a valve casing I in which there is a passageway I6 connecting the inlet 6 to theoutlet 8. In the passageway I5 there is a valve seat member II providing a valve port and with which a valve member I8 cooperates to control flow of refrigerant medium through the passageway I6. The valve member I8 is positioned on the inlet side of the seat member I1 and has an operating or thrust rod I9 extending longitudinally through the seat member I1. Rigid with the valve casing I5 and preferably alt integrally therewith there is a housing mem- 2 ber which contains the pressure chamber I2. The casing I5 andhousing member 20 have a common dividingwall 2| which separates the passageway I6 from the chamber I2 and through which there is anaperture 22. The rod I9 extends through theaperture 22 into the chamber I2 and is provided with a packing disc 23 located in the passageway I6 and closing theaperture 22. The

wall 24 of thehousing member 20 opposite theaperture 22 has an opening 25 therethrough alined with the seat member II. The opening 25 is closed by a pressureresponsive member 26 such -tion 33 which seats on the leg 32.

as a metal bellows having one endsealed to thewall 24 around the opening 25 as at 21 and having its other end sealed as at 28 to a head orend wall member 29. Themember 29 is preferably in the form of a cup which extends through thebellows 26 and the opening 25 into the chamber I2. Interconnecting theresponsive member 26 and the valve operating rod I9 there is a temperatureresponsive member 30 which is a U-shaped bimetal strip having its legs positioned horizontally or transverse to the thrust rod I9. One of thelegs 3! is secured as by solder or the like to the base of theend wall 29. The other leg 32 has an aperture therethrough alined with theaperture 22 and through which the rod I9 extends. The rod I9 is secured to the leg 32 by a headed por- Surrounding thebellows 26 there is acap member 34 which forms part of thehousing member 2|] and is secured to thewall 24 as by screw threaded engagement therewith. Expansion or outward movement of theresponsive member 26 by pressure in the chamber I2 is opposed by ahelical coil spring 35 positioned within the cup-shaped end wall 29 and seating at its lower end against the bottom or base of the cup. Thespring 35 is held under compression by anadjustment screw 35 which is adjustably screw threaded as at 31 through the end wall of thecap member 34. Leakage of the air around thescrew 36 and into thespring containing chamber 38 within the cap member 34is prevented by packingmaterial 39 thereby eliminating the collection of frost on thespring 35 and pressureresponsive member 26.

The operation of the expansion valve is as follows. Theoimetal strip 30 contracts upon temperature decrease so that thelegs 3| and 32 draw toward each other which lifts the leg 32 in valve closing direction and toward theresponsive member 26. The movement of thestrip 30 upon temperature change and which is imparted to the valve member I8 is predetermined with respect to the movement of the pressureresponsive mem-I 3ber 28 upon pressure change in the chamber I2. The relation is such that the movement of thestrip 30 will compensate for the movement of theresponsive member 26 so that the valve member I8 will just come to closed position at the same superheat of the refrigerant medium in chamber thermostatic means in said chamber and opera- I2 for varying refrigerant medium pressures in the chamber I2. Thus if thespring 35 exerts a force such that a reduction of pressure in the chamber I2 below 40 pounds per square inch will Just open the valvemember I8 when the temperature in the chamber I2 or of thestrip 30 is say 59 F. which is a 5 superheat for methyl chloride, then when thespring 35 is adjusted for opening of the valve member I8 when the pressure in the chamber I 2 is say 20 pounds per square inch, the temperature in the chamber I2 at which thestrip 30 will have contracted to just close the valve member I8 will be 35 F. whichisa 5 superheat of the refrigerant medium. Assuming that the compressor I is in operation and has reduced the pressure in the chamber I2 to say 40 pounds per square inch and the admission of refrigerant medium to the evaporator I0 has reduced the temperature in the chamber I2 to 59 F., the valve member I8 will just be in closed position. Continued operation of the compressor I will reduce the pressure in the chamber I2 and evaporator I0 so-that thespring 35 will move the valve member I8 toward open position. This will admit refrigerant medium to the evaporator I0 which will reduce the temperature of the refrigerant gas drawn through the chamber I2 thereby causing thebimetal strip 30 to contract and move the valve member I8 toward closed position so as to prevent a decrease of superheat. The pressure in the chamber I2 will continue to decreas due to operation of the compressor I and the decreasing pressure will be counteracted by the contraction of thestrip 30 so that the refrigerant medium will be throttled by the valve member 58 and a substantially constant degree of superheat will be maintained in the chamber I2. Thereduction of pressure in the chamber I2 will continue until the cut-out point or desired low suction pressure in the conduit I I is reached at which themotor 2 will be stopped. During the off cycle when the compressor I is stopped, the pressure will build up in the chamber I2 and will close the valve member I8, even though the temperature in the chamber it will expand thebimetal strip 30 tending to move the valve member 88 toward open position. Therefore when the cut-in point of the compressor I is reached, the valve member I8 will be closed. When the compressor is again placed in operation the reduction of pressure in the chamber I2 will move the valve member I8 to open position but the reduction in temperature of the refrigerant medium gas in the chamber I2 will cause thebimetalstrip 30 to move the valve member I8 toward closed position as above described, thus maintaining a substantially constant superheat throughout the operat ing range.

What is claimed and is desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A thermostatic expansion valve for control ling flow to a refrigerant evaporator, comprising a valve casing having a passageway therethrough,

a valve member in and controlling flow through said passageway, a housing member rigid with tively connecting said responsive means to said thrust member for movement of said valve member toward closed position upon increase of pressure in said chamber, said thermostatic means acting upon temperature increase to move said valve member toward open position, and means cooperable with said responsive means to determine for a given temperature of said thermostatic means the pressure in said chamber at which said valve member will be closed.

2. A thermostatic expansion valve for controlling flow to a refrigerant evaporator, comprising a valve casing having a passageway therethrough, a valve member in and controlling flow through said passageway, a housing member rigid with said casing and having a chamber with an inlet and an outlet for flow therethrough of refrigerant medium from the evaporator, a thrust member operatively connected to said valve member and extending into said chamber, means responslve to pressure changes in said chamber, a bimetal member in said chamber and operatively connecting said responsive means to said thrust member for movement of said -valve member toward closed position upon increase of pressure in said chamber, said bimetal member having one end connected to said responsive means and having its other end connectedto said thrust member and acting upon temperature increase to move said valve member toward open posi-,

- tion, and means cooperable with said responsive means to determine for a given temperature of said bimetal member the pressure in said chamber at which said valvemember will be closed.

3. A thermostatic expansion valve for controlling flow to a refrigerant evaporator, comprising a valve casing having a passageway therethrough and containing a valve seat, a valve member cooperable with said seat; a housing member rigid with said casing and having a chamber with an inlet and an outlet for flow of refrigerant medium therethrough from the evaporator, said chamber and said passageway having a common wall with an aperture therethrough allned with said valve seat, a thrust member connected to said valve member and extending through said aperture into said chamber, said chamber having an opening in its wail opposite said aperture, a pressure responsive member sealing said wall opening and responsive to pressure changes in said chamber; a spring opposing movement of said responsive member by pressure in said chamber, and temperature responsive means in said chamber and operatively connecting said responsive member to said thrust member.

4. A thermostatic expansion Valve for controlling fiow to a refrigerant evaporator, comprising a valve casing having a passageway theresaid casing and having a chamber with 'an inlet through and containing a valve seat, a valve member cooperable with said seat, a housing member rigid with said casing and having a chamberv with an inlet and an outlet for flow of refrigerant medium therethrough from the evaporator, said chamber and said passageway having a commonwall with an aperture therethrough alined with said valve seat, a thrust 'member connected to said valve member and extending through said aperture; into said chamber, said chamber having an opening in its wall opposite said aperture, a pressure responsive member sealing said wall opening and responsive to pressure changes in said chamber, a spring opposing movement of said responsive member by pressure in said chamber, and a U- shaped bimetal member in said chamber and operatively connecting said responsive member to said thrust member, said bimetal member having one leg secured to said responsive member and having its other leg secured to said thrust member, said bimetal member being so constructed that its legs draw toward each other on temperature decrease to compensate for reduction of pressure in said chamber.

5. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator communicatively connected in circuit, and a thermostatic expansion valve comprising a valve casing having a passageway therethrough for flow of refrigerant medium from said condenser to said evaporator and having a valve seat, a valve member cooperable with said seat to control flow through said passageway, a housing member rigid with said valve casing and having a chamber with an inlet and an outlet for connection of said chamber in the suction line from said evaporator to said compressor, a valve operating member responsive to change of pressure in said chamber and operable upon reduction of pressure to move said valve member toward open position, a bimetal valve operating member in said chamber and operatively connecting said responsive member to said valve member and operable on temperature decrease in, said chamber to move said valve member toward closed position, and a spring acting on said responsive member and determining for a given tempera- FRANKLYN Y. CARTER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,120,159 Pollard Dec. 8, 1914 1,978,362 Fonseca Oct. 23, 1934 2291.898

Holmes Aug. 4, 1942

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