US2065507A - Concrete pile - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 29, 1936. E. c. ALEXANDER CONCRETE PILE Filed May 18, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Now.

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Dec. 29, 1936. E. c. ALEXANDER CONCRETE PILE Filed May 18, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .[21 J2 2 13 J6 il if 22 67 r' J5 Jg J2 )57k M750/ef yam@ @s Patented Dec. 29V, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CONCRETE PILE Application May 18, 1935, Serial No. 22,140

6 Claims.

The present invention relates to concrete piles, and is particularly concerned with the provision of concrete piles for use in places where long concrete piles cannot be used for lack of head space or where equipment is not available for driving piles of long length or where the terrain is of such nature that it would be impossible to determine how long the pile should be to sustain a predetermined load until the pile has been driven.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of an improved concrete pile which is sectional so that it may be used in locations where the ground is of such nature that it is impossible or not desirable to determine in advance exactly how long the pile should be to sustain a predetermined load so that the pile may be driven and sections added until it is ascertained that the pile has been driven to suicient depth to sustain the load which is to be carried thereby.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved sectional concrete pile which may be installed where equipment is not available for driving piles of long length or where there is not suiiicient Vhead room to install a pile of longer length than the sections.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved sectional concrete pile in which provision is made for the ends of the sections to withstand the impact which is transmitted from the top pile to the lower sections without breakage or spalling at the ends of the sections, and in which provision is made for securing a uniform bearing between the ends of sections, in spite of the irregularities due to ordinary methods of manufacture of concrete piles.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a plurality of forms of connection between concrete pile-sections of the class described which are adapted to maintain the concrete piles in alignment during the driving and afterwards, and which are adapted to transmit the impact or force from one section to another without breakage during the driving operation.

Another object is the provision of a plurality of modified forms of sectional concrete piles and/or connections between sectional concrete piles, each of which has peculiar advantages which may be utilized in special installations, depending upon the conditions present during the driving of the concrete piles or the material available for construction of the piles.

I desire it to be understood that all of the simpler forms ofthe invention need not include vall of the features which possess additional ad -vantages .and .which areembodied in the `more two adjacent sections, constructed according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the plane of the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows, showing the details of construction of the coupling;

Fig. 4 is an exploded view, showing an elevation of two sections of piling constructed according to Fig. 2, with the parts of the joint separated;

Fig. 5 is an end elevational view of the female part of the joint of a section of concrete piling, shown at the right in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view, similar to Fig. 2, of another modied form of coupling for sectional concrete piling;

Fig. 7 is a sectional View taken on the plane of theline 1--1 of Fig. 6, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 8 is an end elevational view of the female part of the coupler of Fig. 6, viewed from the left of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 2, showing another modification;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken on the plane of the line Ill-l0 of Fig. 9, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken on the plane of the line I l-II of Fig. 9, looking in the direction oi the arrows.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 5, 2U' indicates in its entirety the complete piling, consisting of a plurality of sections, each of which is indicated by the numerals 2| to 26. The breaks shown in the drawings may indicate either the fact that the section is much longer or that any number of additional sections may be inserted.

The piling sections may be made of any suitable cross-section, and I contemplate the use of all of the standard column sections, depending upon the conditions encountered. Therefore, the substantially square piling section shown in Figs. 3 and 5 is merely exemplary of one of the forms which the piling may take, and it may be constructed `in any ,convenient shape. y It is, howl ever, economical and convenient to construct the piling with flat sides in substantially rectangular section, and desirable that the corners should be beveled as shown, in order to eliminate breakage.

The sections may consist of three types, such as, for example, the point section 2|, thehead section 26, andintermediate sections 23 to 25. The point section 2| differs from the others in that it is provided with only one part of the joint, such as, for example, the female part, and is provided at the opposite end with the point formation 2l. Thehead section 26 differs from theintermediate sections 23 to 25 in that it is provided only at one end with a coupler part, such as the male coupler formation in Fig. 1, while the opposite end is plane and adapted to be used for the driving end. Each of theintermediate sections 23 to 25 is provided with the different coupler formations on opposite ends, one being the female coupler and the other the male coupler.

All of the sections are preferably provided with a pair of inwardly extending apertures 28 located at one side and spaced from each other, the apertures be-ing substantially cylindrical and of a size suitable to slidably receive theshank 29 of the eye bolt or liftingring 30. When the lifting rings have their shanks placed in these apertures and suitable lifting devices are connected to the rings, the transverse pull on the rings causes theshanks 29 to bind in the apertures or bores 28, whereby the shanks are held in the bores in such a manner that the rings may be used for lifting the sections. Of course, the lifting rings may be removed entirely when there is no longer need for them, and the apertures may be used, if desired, for supporting other dev1ces.

The piling is preferably provided with suitable reinforcement, such as, for example, the longitudinally extending rods 3|, one of which is located adjacent each of the corners of the section, but suiciently spaced from the outer surface to be permanently embedded and protected by the concrete. The horizontal reinforcement may consist of the rods orwires 32 which are bent to substantially rectangular formations, but otherwise may proceed in the form of a helix so that the wire orrod 32 is in one complete integral length for any section of the piling. It may be secured to each of the rods 3| by welding or tie wires at all or predetermined points of contact between the wires 3| or 32.

In the point section 2| the point 2'! comprises a substantially pyramidal formation which is actually the frustum of a pyramid, since theextreme end 33 of the point may be flat. The reinforcing rods 3| are bent inward at 34 and extend substantially parallel to the surface of the frustum.

The peripherally extendingrods 32 are also formed into rectangles of smaller shape to correspond to the shape of thepoint 21. Theend surfaces 35, 36 of the pile sections 2|, 23 and other sections are preferably made substantially flat or plane so as to provide a pair of surfaces which will fit each other as nearly as possible to transmit the force from one section to the other. Due, however, to irregularities in the surfaces caused by ordinary methods of manufacture, and due to the inherent roughness of ordinary concrete articles, I prefer to use a packing 3'| between these piles during the driving operation.

The arrangement of the parts of the coupling with respect to the concrete is, of course, such as to permit room for this packing, which may require approximately one quarter of an inch space or more. The packing 3l may consist of a sheet of resilient rubber, ber, wood, or any other suitable material, the rubber being preferred on account of its capability of engaging irregular surfaces and conforming to them. In cases where unusually long piles are driven, the packing may be made of the harder rubber.

The packing has a. centrally located aperture 38 for passing the coupler, and it is similar in shape, that is, substantially rectangular, with beveled corners, as shown in the section of the pile in Fig. 3.

With respect to the coupling shown in Figs. 1 to 5, the male coupler may consist of ametal tube 39 of a smaller diameter than the pile so that it may be embedded therein and so that it may still leavesuicient surface 35, 36 at the ends of the piles for transmitting the force. Thismetal pipe 39 of steel or other suitable material has one end embedded in thesection 23, and the other end projecting from thesection 23, approximately half the tube projecting and half embedded.

The projecting part, however, is also preferably lled with concrete at 40 and, if desired, a furthe-r packing may be located at 4| in the lower end of thetube 42, which comprises the female coupling member, located in the section 2|.Tube 42 may be only slightly longer than the projecting part of thetube 39, but is hollow and is adapted to receive thetube 39 with a close sliding t. In some embodiments of the invention considerable play may be permitted between these two tubular steel members, but in other embodiments it may be desirable to have a close frictional fit, or they may be tapered slightly so as to have a driving t which would prevent any lateral movement at the connection. The iinishecll piling would then look like that shown in Fig.

Referring to Fig. 6, this is a modification which employs the same structure of piling reinforcement and packing, but is provided with a different form of coupling. In this case we may assume that the same sections are used, for example section 2| andsection 22, andsection 22 is provided With atubular steel member 43, which has its projecting end threaded as at 44. An ordinary metal tube may be threaded and utilized to form themember 45 for threading on the member 44, in which case the female coupling member would consist of one integral tube.

I prefer, however, to use astandard coupling 45, and therefore provide an auxiliary metal tube orsleeve 46, which fits on the outside of thecoupler 45 land permits it to be disposed at a greater distance inside the end of the section 2|.Member 46 may be a drive fit onmember 45 or may be soldered or welded or otherwise suitably secured thereto. Both themembers 43 and 45 are preferably provided with some means for preventing their rotation and for anchoring them in the concrete.

For this purpose, either or both may be provided with the transverse ridges and bores 41, through which arod 48 may be driven, having both of its ends projecting into the concrete outside the tube and extending through the concrete in the tube.Other rods 49 may be similar in structure and arranged transversely to the first-mentionedrod 48. One, two, three, or 75 any suitable? number Vof rodsfmay be used to increasethe anchorage as desired.

These same rods mightbe used in thecoupling 45, if the coupling were long enough .to give sufficient threaded engagement with themember 43, after inserting the rods,v but I prefer to use longitudinally extendingrods 50, a plurality of which are welded as at 5| to the outside of the coupling.

Member 55 may also. be used in the form of .a pipe capwhich will close the end and keep the concrete from extending Vupinto the threaded bore of the cap.

Another mode ofV anchoring these members is to make cuts into the body thereof and bend out anchoring formations from the bodies of the tubes r43, 45. In this case, as in the others, thetube 43 .is filled. with concrete to its end, butthev coupling 45 is hollow.

Referring to Figs. 9 to 1'1, this is another modification in which thetubular member 52 is a drive fit into thetubular member 53. In this case, additional reinforcement has been provided around thecoupling members 52, 53 in the form of themembers 54, 55, which consist of rods bent to the form shown. Therods 54, 55 are located immediately inside of therods 32, at points spaced from the corner rods 3|, and the rods 54 extend longitudinally of the pile for approximately the` length of the portion of thetube 52, which is embedded. Rods 54 then extend diagonally downward to the point or apex 5G, after which they are bent diagonally downwardly and toward the right, as shown in Fig, 9, so that the end may again extend parallel to thetube 52.

These rods 54 may be Welded or otherwise secured together and to the reinforcingrods 32. This reinforcement will prevent any tendency of the end of the pile to spread due to the forces exerted upon it, and will reinforce the pile suitably for withstanding greater blows or impacts during the driving of the pile and during the placing of onecoupling member 52 in theother coupling 53. In any of these devices the male coupling may be uppermost or the female coupling may be uppermost. Y

It will thus be observed that I have invented an improved concrete piling in which the piles are made in sections so that it is not necessary to determine the complete length of the pile before driving. The present piling may be installed where there is not sufficient head room for longer piling, and it may be installed Where the equipment is not suitable for driving longer piling. Furthermore, it will be of great advantage in turn where it is impossible to determine in advance how long the piling should be, and additional sections may be added until the piling is considered sufliciently firm to support the weight desired.

While I have illustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention, many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I do not Wish to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to avail myself of all changes within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In a sectional concrete piling, the combination of one section of concrete piling comprising a unitary precast concrete member of substantially rectangular cross section formed of concreteand provided with metallic reinforcing rods, vsaid section having one end formed with a.cylindrical depression therein, and said depression'being lined with av metallic tube, av second .reinforced concrete piling section of similar shape, having its. end formed with a tubular concrete filled extension covered with a metal member extending into the sai-d latter section and anchored therein, said concrete piling sections having adjacent flat bearing surfaces on their ends, and a sheet of resilient rubber of substantially uniform thickness for evenly distributing the bearing load and thrust from one piling section to the other, said metallic tubular parts having a. close frictional t with each other whereby the piling sections may be Vfitted and securedltogether as a substantially unitary member.Y

2. In a sectional concrete piling, the combinationof one' section of. concrete piling comprising a unitary precast concrete member of substantiallyrectangular cross section formed of concrete and provided with metallic reinforcing rods, said section having one end formed with a cylindrical depressionv therein, and said depression being lined with a metallic tube, a second reinforced concrete piling section of similar shape, having its end formed with a tubular concrete lled extension covered with a metal member extending into the said latter section and anchored therein, said 4concrete piling sections having adjacent flat bearing surfaces on their ends, anda Vsheet of resilient rubber of substantially uniform thickness for evenly distributing the bearing load and thrust from one piling section to the other, said metallic tubular parts having a close frictional fit with each other whereby the piling sections may be fitted and secured together as a substantially unitary member, said tubular parts being provided With transversely extending rods passing therethrough and imbedded in the concrete of said sections to firmly anchor said tubular parts in said sections.

3. In a sectional concrete piling, the combination of one section of concrete piling comprising a unitary precast concrete member of substantially rectangular cross section formed of concrete and provided with metallic reinforcing rods, said section having one end formed with a cylindrical depression therein, and said depression being lined with a metallic tube, a second reinforced concrete piling section of similar shape, having its end formed with a tubular concrete lled extension covered with a metal member extending into the said latter section and anchored therein, said concrete piling sections having adjacent flat bearing surfaces on their ends, and a sheet of resilient rubber of substantially uniform thickness for evenly distributing the bearing load and thrust from one piling section to the other, said metallic tubular parts having a close frictional t with each other whereby the piling sections may be tted and secured together as a substantially unitary member, said tubular parts being provided with complementary threaded formations whereby the one may be secured into the other to draw said piling sections into close contact with each other to compress the rubber packing therebetween.

4. In a sectional concrete piling, the combination of one section of concrete piling comprising a unitary precast concrete member of substantially rectangular cross section formed of concrete and provided with metallic reinforcing rods, said section having one endV formed with a cylindrical depression therein, and said depression being lined with a metallic tube, a second reinforced concrete piling section of similar shape, having its end formed with a tubular concrete filled extension covered with a metal member extending into the said latter section and anchored therein, said concrete piling sections having adjacent flat bearing surfaces on their ends, and means for evenly distributing the bearing load and transmitting the thrust from one piling section to the other, said metallic tubular parts having a close frictional fit with each other whereby the piling sections may be fitted and secured together as a substantially unitary member.

5. In a sectional concrete piling, the combination of one section of concrete piling comprising a unitary precast concrete member of substantially rectangular cross section formed of concrete and provided with metallic reinforcing rods,

said section having one end formed with a cylindrical depression therein, and said depression being lined with a metallic tube, a second reinforced concrete piling section of similar shape, having its end formed with a tubular concrete lled extension covered with a metal member extending into the said latter section and anchored therein, said concrete piling sections having adjacent flat bearing surfaces on their ends, and means for evenly distributing the bearing load and transmitting the thrust from one piling section to the other, said metallic tubular parts having a close frictional t with each other whereby the piling sections may be tted and secured together as a substantially unitary member, said piling sections each having a cage of reinforcing rods about said metallic tubes, said cage comprising rods extending longitudinally of said pile near said tube and diagonally toward a common apex in said pile beyond said tube.

6. In a sectional concrete piling, the combination of one section of concrete piling comprising a unitary precast concrete member of substantially rectangular cross section formed of concrete and provided with metallic reinforcing rods, said section having one end formed with a cylindrical depression therein, and said depression being lined with a metallic tube, a second reinforced concrete piling section of similar shape, having its end formed with a tubular concrete lled extension covered With a metal member extending into the said latter section and anchored therein, said concrete piling sections having adjacent ilat bearing surfaces on their ends, and means for evenly distributing the bearing load and transmitting the thrust from one piling section to the other, said metallic tubular parts having a close frictional fit with each other whereby the piling sections may be fitted and secured together as a substantially unitary member, said sections having pairs of parallel, spaced, inwardly extending bores located on the same side for receiving lifting members adapted to bind in said bores.

E. C. ALEXANDER.

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