US20240268519A1 - Footwear Sole Assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A footwear sole assembly with upper and lower layers, where the upper layer has a firmer durometer than the lower layer. Upon a user's heel strike, the difference in resilience between the upper and lower layers causes the upper layer to compress the lower layer. Sidewalls in the upper layer are urged toward each other on the heel strike, providing cradling support for the user's heel. The rigidness of the sidewalls of the upper layer also encourages the foot to propel through the stride, especially with the addition of a rolling element along the side of the footwear.

Description

PRIORITY
• This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/484,655, filed on Feb. 13, 2023, which is incorporated by reference.
FIELD OF INVENTION
• This invention is in the field of orthopedic footwear sole assemblies used to improve stride stability of the user.
BACKGROUND
• The ground contact of a foot during a stride involves the steps of: (1) heel contact; (2) forefoot loading; (3) midstance; and (4) propulsion. At heel contact, the foot absorbs shock and may pronate or supinate to maintain contact with the ground. Pronation is when the foot turns inward and supination is when the foot turns outward.
• Prior art footwear assemblies provide for a softer or cushioned upper sole element, with a rigid lower sole element or outsole which absorbs and disperses the impact of a heel strike. While a softer upper sole element may provide a more comfortable feel for the user, the softness comes at the cost of lesser stability.
• Prior art footwear, in particular sandal type footwear, is often constructed with a single density foam with a single durometer, where the density of the foam is soft for providing a cushioned feel for the user's feet. However, the softness of the foam and associated flexibility does not provide support for the foot, preventing use as orthopedic footwear.
• Orthotic stabilizers are known to provide additional support for the foot within footwear. Often such stabilizers are additional elements that must be inserted into existing footwear, and often require a counter and full shoe upper to keep them in position.
• In U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,154, the inventors disclose an improved footwear outsole to provide stability for the foot during stride, providing guidance from heel strike to toe off, and preventing pronation and supination. However, the inventors recognize that their prior invention does not meet the need for foot support in footwear that does not include significant heel support. The prior invention also does not provide cushioning for the heel.
• It is the purpose of the present invention to provide an orthotic sole assembly for incorporation in footwear to cushion the heel and to stabilize the foot during the stride.
• An object of the present invention is to retain the advantages of walking with a rolling action while at the same time providing enhanced cushioning and support at heel strike. It is important that the footwear of the invention differs as little as possible in external appearance from traditional shoes. In particular, an object of the invention is to enable a controlled dynamic, rolling gait.
• Another objective of the invention is to provide greater foot support for footwear which has little or no heel counter or wall such as sandals.
SUMMARY
• A sole assembly for footwear, with an upper layer and a lower layer, where the upper layer has a firmer durometer than the lower layer. The material of the upper layer is harder or more resilient than the material of the lower layer. The hardness ratio of the two materials can be selected as desired and adapted according to need. It can thereby be ensured that the shoe behaves according to known principles such that walking or running, with a balance of cushioning and stability, takes place naturally. Moreover, stable forward propulsion is promoted in this way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these elements may be constructed from conventional materials such as molded elastomers.
• The bottom surface of the upper layer presents a concave face toward a convex top of the lower layer. The footbed of the upper layer is thin in the center of the heel region and thickens toward the medial and lateral sides. The change in thickness in the upper layer provides support to the foot at the heel during heel strike, by creating a cantilever.
• The upper layer provides a cantilever built into lower concave surface, with cushioning of the lower layer below the heel to absorb shock of impact. Unlike existing footwear, the cushioning of a softer durometer is not adjacent to the user's heel, but rather in the convex lower layer. The lower layer provides a cushion for the more rigid upper layer, specifically where the rigid upper layer presents a thin section directly under the heel. The combination of a concave profile of the upper layer in the heel area with a convex profile in the softer lower layer ensures greater walking stability with enhanced cushioning.
• The present invention also puts a rolling element into the sole assembly of footwear. The sole assembly can be designed such that it contains this rolling element in an integrated way. The rolling element extends along at least a portion of the side of the footwear, and presents a curve directed downward, starting at the heel area and ending in the midfoot area. The rolling element is made at least partially of an elastic material, for example an elastomer such as rubber or polyurethane. The rolling element provides enhanced heel-to-toe motion during a stride, from heel strike to toe off.
• The material of the rolling element is harder or more resilient than the material of the lower layer, and is preferably integrated with the upper layer at the heel. The hardness ratio of the two materials can be selected as desired and adapted according to need. It can thereby be ensured that the footwear behaves according to the known principle such that the walking or running with a rolling action takes place naturally. Moreover the rolling of the stride is promoted in this way.
• The rolling element can be on both sides of the sole assembly. Unlike the rolling element in U.S. Pat. No. 8,474,154, because the present invention includes a thinner upper layer at the heel strike area, the rolling element is not present through the center of the upper layer. The rolling element enables the required rolling action of the foot during the stride.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG.1 is a rear cross-section view of a heel portion of a preferred embodiment of the sole assembly.
• FIG.2 is a rear cross-section view of a preferred embodiment showing force vectors applied to the sole assembly at the beginning of a heel strike.
• FIG.3 is a rear cross-section view of a preferred embodiment showing the effect of a heel strike applied to the sole assembly.
• FIG.4 is a side cross-section view along line B-B ofFIG.7.
• FIG.5 is a cross-section view along line A-A ofFIG.7, showing the rolling element.
• FIG.6 is a top cross-section view of the sole assembly, showing an alternate embodiment with a rolling element.
• FIG.7 is a perspective view of the sole assembly.
• FIG.8 is an exploded cross-section view of the sole assembly, showing the relative placement of a user's foot, with the bones of the foot shown for context.
• FIG.9 is an exploded cross-section view of the heel area of the sole assembly.
• FIG.10 is a cross-section view of the heel area of the shoe assembly during heel strike.
• FIG.11 is a cross-section view of the heel area of the sole assembly after heel strike.
• The attached drawings are for illustrative purposes only, and are provided in order to aid an understanding of the invention. The figures are not intended to convey a limitation or definition of the claimed invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• The invention is asole assembly10 consisting of two layers of material with different durometers, anupper layer30 and alower layer20
• Upper layer30 has anupper surface31 capable of receiving the heel of a user's foot, and withside walls35, forms anarea300 for receiving a user's heel.Area300 is shaped similar to footwear heel areas as is known in the art.Lower surface32 is concave for engaging theupper surface21 oflower layer20. At theheel strike area70 ofupper layer30, the cross section presents a taperedcenter33 betweenupper surface31 andlower surface32.
• Lower layer20 has a convexupper surface21. The center ofupper surface21 forms a raisedcenter24.Lower layer20 may rest upon an outsole, or may itself comprise the outsole.Lower layer20 is composed of a resilient material capable of compression upon pressure, and returning to its original shape upon the release of pressure. Examples of such material include rubber, foam, and other pliable materials, including those containing air pockets or cells.
• Upper layer30 has a firmer durometer thanlower layer20. The firmer durometer of the upper layer allows for offloading of pressures evenly upon the lower layer. Upper layer presents “U” cross section, where the sides of the upper layer cradle the heel, and provide medial-lateral support for the foot. The medial-lateral support of the upper layer prevents both pronation and supination, keeping the foot in a neutral position.
• Upon heel strike during a user's stride, the pressure of the user's heel forcesupper layer30 towardlower layer20. In particular,center33 is urged toward raisedcenter24.FIG.2 shows the anticipated force vectors at heel strike.Lower layer20, being of a softer durometer thanupper layer30, will compress more thanupper layer30. Aslower layer20, and specifically raisedcenter24, compresses, taperedcenter33 moves downward, as shown by vectors Y and Z. The downward movement of taperedcenter33 causesside walls35 ofupper layer30 to move inward toward the user's heel, as shown by vector X, providing lateral support for the user's heel. The movement ofside walls35 is caused by the firmer durometer ofupper layer30 acting as twin levers, with imaginary fulcrums located atpoints37 ofupper layer30.
• InFIG.3, the compression oflower layer20 is shown, with vector W indicating the stored compression energy directed upward. InFIG.3,lower layer20 is shown compressed.Upper layer30 is shown inFIG.3 in a lower position than inFIGS.1 and2, andside walls35 are shown inward from their resting position.
• Providing the thinnest part of the upper layer over the thickest part of the lower layer allows the taperedcenter33 to press down into raisedcenter24, while the firm durometer ofupper layer30 causes both sides to pivot around points37, thereby causing theside walls35 to move inward and cradle the heel while the foot is on the ground.
• The lateral support for the user's heel caused by the inward movement ofside walls35 provides greater stability for the user's stride, during the moment in the stride where a larger portion of the user's weight is supported by the foot.
• The compression of thelower layer20 upon heel strike creates stored energy due to a resistance of the lower layer against said compression. As the user's stride progresses toward toe lift, and pressure on the heel area decreases, the stored energy inlower layer20 helps push against the user's heel, providing a bounce or propulsion effect.
• The more rigid upper layer provides stability to the user's foot, and the lower layer absorbs impact forces and provides cushioning during a step or stride. The upper layer extends over the sides of the shoe upper, as well as downward, partially wrapping the lower layer for added stability. Thanks to a continuous profile of the upper layer over the entire width of the shoe, greater walking stability can be ensured. The curve of the upper layer's lower surface, from heel to toe, promotes a rolling effect. The rigidity of the upper layer, sometimes enhanced by way ofcontrol plate90, minimizes flexion of the forefoot, promoting greater propulsion at toe-off. The combination of these characteristics provides the foot with a proper guidance system throughout the gait cycle.
• In one embodiment, rollingelement61 is provided along the medial or lateral side of the sole assembly, as shown inFIG.5, above the outsole. Rollingelement61 is preferably shaped with a convex curve extending downward toward the outsole along the length of the footwear, angling downward from the heel area. Rollingelement61 preferably is formed of the same material asupper layer30. It is important for the rollingelement61 to be of a more resilient material than the lower layer. The lower surface of rollingelement61 should be convex to enable the required rolling action.
• The combination of rollingelement61 with the stored compression energy withinlower layer20 provides a greater propulsive effect than without rollingelement61.
• As shown inFIG.6, asecond rolling element62 is preferably placed on the opposite side of the footwear, mirroring rollingelement61, and allowing for a balanced effect.
• In an alternate embodiment,rigid support90 extends from the heel of the sole assembly toward the ball of the foot area of the sole assembly.Rigid support90 includesopening91 at the heel strike area, allowing for a comfortable feel for the user's heel, while still providing for compression oflower layer20.Rigid support90 provides longitudinal support for the sole assembly, preventing the softness of the sole assembly from lessening the stability of the footwear, and helps transfer some of the rotational forces of rollingelement61 to be absorbed intolower layer20 and diffuse the load forces of the user's stride.
• Rigid support90 also provides torsional stability and reduces flexion in toe off of the user's stride.Rigid support90 may also provide therapeutic relief for the following conditions: forefoot neuropathy, hallux ridgus, metatarsalgia, and plantar fasciitis.
• The unique design benefits the foot, ankle, knee, hip and lower back by promoting forward motion and providing rearfoot guidance, support, and stability under the foot. In particular, the design promotes stability for a user's stride in three phases of the stride.
• At heel strike, the design is uniquely suited to help both pronation and supination via the harder durometer footbed which dynamically cradles the rearfoot and subtly cradling the heel during the normal gate cycle. No other footwear has this design element or provides the functionality. The unique convex design of the harder durometer upper footbed, engages at heel strike, when compressed against the softer lower layer, and promotes forward motion. While at the same time, the softer lower half of the outsole provides shock absorption.
• At midstance, the firmer top layer footbed cradles the rearfoot and adds torsional stability through the midfoot, providing better balance by guiding the foot forward in a neutral position to keep the foot, ankle, knees and hips in alignment.
• At toe off, the harder footbed stiffens the forefoot, providing stability and reducing forefoot flexion.
• While certain novel features of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (9)

I claim:

1. A sole assembly for footwear comprising:

an upper layer comprised of a first resilient material of a first durometer, the upper layer having side walls and a center, where the center is in an area capable of receiving a heel of a user's foot, where the side walls have a first thickness and the center has a second thickness, and where the first thickness is greater than the second thickness;

a lower layer comprised of a second resilient material of a second durometer, the second durometer being lower than the first durometer, the lower layer having a raised center in the heel area of the footwear;

where the raised center of the lower layer is located beneath the center of the upper layer; and

where upon heel strike of a stride, the heel strike causes downward pressure to be applied to the center of the upper layer, said pressure compresses the raised center of the lower layer, causing the side walls of the upper layer to move inward toward the center of the upper layer.

2. The sole assembly for footwear ofclaim 1, where the upper layer further comprises

a rolling element formed of the first durometer, the rolling element presenting an elongated curve, with a convex face directed toward the lower layer, the elongated curve extending along a length of the footwear, with a first end at the heel area, and a second end at a midfoot area of the footwear

3. The sole assembly for footwear ofclaim 1, further comprising:

a rigid support extending from a heel area of the footwear toward a toe area of the footwear, the rigid support having an opening around the center of the upper layer.

4. A sole assembly for footwear comprising:

an upper layer comprised of a first resilient material of a first durometer, the upper layer having side walls and a center, where a thickness of the upper layer tapers down from a first thickness of the side walls to a second thickness of the center;

a lower layer comprised of a second resilient material of a second durometer, the second durometer being lower than the first durometer, the lower layer having a raised center;

where the raised center of the lower layer is located beneath the center of the upper layer and both the raised center and the center of the upper layer are located in a heel area of the footwear; and where upon heel strike of a stride, the heel strike causes downward pressure to be applied to the center of the upper layer, said pressure compresses the raised center of the lower layer, causing the side walls of the upper layer to move inward toward the center of the upper layer.

5. The sole assembly for footwear ofclaim 4, further comprising

a rigid support extending from a heel area of the footwear toward a toe area of the footwear, the rigid support having an opening around the center of the upper layer.

6. The sole assembly for footwear ofclaim 4, the upper layer further comprising

an elongated rolling element integrated into a side wall, the elongated rolling element having a first end at the heel area of the footwear, and a second end at a midfoot are of the footwear, where the rolling element presents a convex face directed toward the lower layer.

7. A sole assembly for footwear comprising

a lower layer with a bottom surface extending across the heel area of footwear on an outsole, and a convex upper surface, the lower layer having a first durometer;

an upper layer with a concave bottom surface resting upon the convex upper surface of the lower layer, and a concave upper surface capable of receiving a user's heel, the upper layer having a second durometer, where the second durometer is greater than the first durometer;

the upper layer further comprising an elongated side extending from the heel area toward a toe area of the footwear, the elongated side having a convex bottom forming a rolling element tapering at the heel and toe areas; and

where the elongated side is integrated with the lateral side walls.

8. The sole assembly for footwear ofclaim 7, further comprising

a rigid support extending from a heel area of the footwear toward a toe area of the footwear, the rigid support having an opening around the center of the upper layer.

9. The sole assembly for footwear ofclaim 7, the upper layer further comprising

an elongated rolling element integrated into a side wall, the elongated rolling element having a first end at the heel area of the footwear, and a second end at a midfoot are of the footwear, where the rolling element presents a convex face directed toward the lower layer.

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