US20230030657A1

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: US20230030657A1
Application number: US17/938,995
Authority: US
Inventors: Thai Lam; Peni-Taito Payne; Peter Chou; Jeffrey Han
Original assignee: AT&T Intellectual Property I LP
Current assignee: AT&T Intellectual Property I LP
Priority date: 2021-07-29
Filing date: 2022-09-07
Publication date: 2023-02-02
Also published as: US11470154B1

Abstract

Aspects of the disclosure may include, for example, determining, by a first processing system, that first data is unavailable within a first storage device of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determining, based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage device of a second processing system, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system, obtaining, based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, and transmitting, based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, the first data to a communication device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/388,071 filed on Jul. 29, 2021. All sections of the aforementioned application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject disclosure relates to apparatuses and methods for reducing latency in a conveyance of data in networks.

BACKGROUND

As the world becomes increasingly connected through vast communication systems and networks and via various communication devices, additional opportunities are generated to provision data (e.g., media content) to users. All other conditions being assumed equal, storage of data at an edge layer/location/device that is proximal to a user generally reduces the amount of time that is needed to provision the data to the user (relative to a scenario where the data is maintained/stored at a central location—e.g., a central server). However, given finite storage capacities, as the amount of data that is potentially accessible by the user within a system or network increases, storage at an edge device is inadequate/insufficient—e.g., as the amount of data that is available increases, the probability increases that the data will not be available at the edge device. To fulfill a request for the data from a user (or associated user equipment), the request may need to be sent (e.g., forwarded) from the edge device to a central location, thereby increasing the amount of load/traffic in an upstream direction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG.1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary, non-limiting embodiment of a communications network in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG.2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a system functioning within the communication network ofFIG.1 in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG.2B depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG.3 is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG.4 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG.5 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a mobile network platform in accordance with various aspects described herein.

FIG.6 is a block diagram of an example, non-limiting embodiment of a communication device in accordance with various aspects described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrative embodiments for conveying data within a communication network or system, whereby proximity to an edge location of the network/system is taken into consideration for reducing latency. Other embodiments are described in the subject disclosure.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include, in whole or in part, a first device that obtains a first request for a content item, determines, based on the obtaining of the first request, whether first data associated with the content item is available at the first device, resulting in a first determination, transmits the first data to a communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is available at the first device, obtains the first data from at least one of a second device and a third device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device, wherein the first device and the second device are included in a first tier of a hierarchical arrangement of devices, wherein the third device is included in a second tier of the hierarchical arrangement of devices, and wherein the second tier is different from the first tier, and transmits, based on the obtaining of the first data from the at least one of a second device and a third device, the first data to the communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include, in whole or in part, a first processing system including a first processor that determines that first data associated with a requested content item is unavailable within a first storage location of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determines, based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage location of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor, obtains, based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage location of the second processing system, and transmits, based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage location of the second processing system, the first data to a user equipment.

One or more aspects of the subject disclosure include, in whole or in part, determining, by a first processing system including a first processor, that first data is unavailable within a first storage device of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determining, by the first processing system and based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage device of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor, obtaining, by the first processing system and based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, and transmitting, by the first processing system and based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, the first data to a communication device.

Referring now toFIG.1, a block diagram is shown illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of asystem100 in accordance with various aspects described herein. For example,system100 can facilitate in whole or in part a first device that obtains a first request for a content item, determines, based on the obtaining of the first request, whether first data associated with the content item is available at the first device, resulting in a first determination, transmits the first data to a communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is available at the first device, obtains the first data from at least one of a second device and a third device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device, wherein the first device and the second device are included in a first tier of a hierarchical arrangement of devices, wherein the third device is included in a second tier of the hierarchical arrangement of devices, and wherein the second tier is different from the first tier, and transmits, based on the obtaining of the first data from the at least one of a second device and a third device, the first data to the communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device.System100 can facilitate in whole or in part a first processing system including a first processor that determines that first data associated with a requested content item is unavailable within a first storage location of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determines, based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage location of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor, obtains, based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage location of the second processing system, and transmits, based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage location of the second processing system, the first data to a user equipment.System100 can facilitate in whole or in part determining, by a first processing system including a first processor, that first data is unavailable within a first storage device of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determining, by the first processing system and based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage device of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor, obtaining, by the first processing system and based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, and transmitting, by the first processing system and based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, the first data to a communication device.

In particular, inFIG.1 acommunications network125 is presented for providingbroadband access110 to a plurality ofdata terminals114 viaaccess terminal112,wireless access120 to a plurality ofmobile devices124 andvehicle126 via base station oraccess point122,voice access130 to a plurality oftelephony devices134, viaswitching device132 and/ormedia access140 to a plurality of audio/video display devices144 viamedia terminal142. In addition,communication network125 is coupled to one ormore content sources175 of audio, video, graphics, text and/or other media. Whilebroadband access110,wireless access120,voice access130 andmedia access140 are shown separately, one or more of these forms of access can be combined to provide multiple access services to a single client device (e.g.,mobile devices124 can receive media content viamedia terminal142,data terminal114 can be provided voice access viaswitching device132, and so on).

Thecommunications network125 includes a plurality of network elements (NE)150,152,154,156, etc. for facilitating thebroadband access110,wireless access120,voice access130,media access140 and/or the distribution of content fromcontent sources175. Thecommunications network125 can include a circuit switched or packet switched network, a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network, Internet protocol (IP) network, a cable network, a passive or active optical network, a 4G, 5G, or higher generation wireless access network, WIMAX network, UltraWideband network, personal area network or other wireless access network, a broadcast satellite network and/or other communications network.

In various embodiments, theaccess terminal112 can include a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), cable modem termination system (CMTS), optical line terminal (OLT) and/or other access terminal. Thedata terminals114 can include personal computers, laptop computers, netbook computers, tablets or other computing devices along with digital subscriber line (DSL) modems, data over coax service interface specification (DOCSIS) modems or other cable modems, a wireless modem such as a 4G, 5G, or higher generation modem, an optical modem and/or other access devices.

In various embodiments, the base station oraccess point122 can include a 4G, 5G, or higher generation base station, an access point that operates via an 802.11 standard such as 802.11n, 802.11ac or other wireless access terminal. Themobile devices124 can include mobile phones, e-readers, tablets, phablets, wireless modems, and/or other mobile computing devices.

In various embodiments, theswitching device132 can include a private branch exchange or central office switch, a media services gateway, VoIP gateway or other gateway device and/or other switching device. Thetelephony devices134 can include traditional telephones (with or without a terminal adapter), VoIP telephones and/or other telephony devices.

In various embodiments, themedia terminal142 can include a cable head-end or other TV head-end, a satellite receiver, gateway orother media terminal142. Thedisplay devices144 can include televisions with or without a set top box, personal computers and/or other display devices.

In various embodiments, thecontent sources175 include broadcast television and radio sources, video on demand platforms and streaming video and audio services platforms, one or more content data networks, data servers, web servers and other content servers, and/or other sources of media.

In various embodiments, thecommunications network125 can include wired, optical and/or wireless links and the

network elements

150,152,154,156, etc. can include service switching points, signal transfer points, service control points, network gateways, media distribution hubs, servers, firewalls, routers, edge devices, switches and other network nodes for routing and controlling communications traffic over wired, optical and wireless links as part of the Internet and other public networks as well as one or more private networks, for managing subscriber access, for billing and network management and for supporting other network functions.

FIG.2A is a block diagram illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of asystem200athat may function within, or may be operatively overlaid upon, thecommunication network100 ofFIG.1 in accordance with various aspects described herein. For reasons that will become clearer in the description that follows, aspects of thesystem200amay facilitate peering between devices, enabling an effective increase in data (such as content—e.g., videos, movies, music, text, documents, etc.) that can be stored (e.g., cached) at child or edge devices.

As shown inFIG.2A, thesystem200amay include a first child communication device202a-1 and a second child communication device202a-2. Each of the child communication devices202a-1 and202a-2 may include a memory, a cache, or other storage, that may be allocated for use by one or more applications (apps), data, etc. For example, the first child communication device202a-1 may include a first proxy app206a-1, a first proxy app storage210a-1, and a first cache app214a-1. Similarly, the second child communication device202a-2 may include a second proxy app206a-2, a second proxy app storage210a-2, and a second cache app214a-2.

While the child devices202a-1 and202a-2 and the parent devices226a-1 and226a-2 effectively establish a two-tier hierarchy, the number of tiers or levels that may be included in a given embodiment/instance of thesystem200amay be a function of the amount of data that may be accommodated by thesystem200a,the storage capacities associated with the various devices, etc. Thus, in some embodiments, additional tiers or levels may be included, such as for example in relation to grandparent devices, great-grandparent devices, etc. Furthermore, the number of communication devices included in a given tier may be different from what is shown inFIG.2A. For example, in some embodiments the child tier may include a different count of devices (e.g., may include more than two devices) from what is shown inFIG.2A.

Assuming that each device on a given level/tier has the same amount of storage capacity (Q), the total amount of storage capacity on the tier will be equal to N×Q, where N is the number of devices on the tier. Stated slightly differently, the additional amount of storage capacity on a tier is increased by (N-1)×Q relative to a scenario where a single device (N=1) is utilized. Of course, one skilled in the art will appreciate that it is not necessarily the case that all devices on a given tier will include the same amount of storage capacity; e.g., a first device may have a first amount of capacity and a second device may have a second amount of capacity that is different from the first amount.

In operation, thesystem200amay accommodate/facilitate a provisioning of data to a communication device, such as for example a user equipment (UE)234a.For example, theUE234amay generate and transmit a request for a content item (e.g., a video) that may be provided to one or more of the child devices202a-1 and202a-2. For example, and assuming that theUE234acorresponds to a mobile device, the first child202a-1 may obtain (e.g., receive) the request from theUE234abased on a first distance between theUE234aand the first child202a-1 being less than a second distance between theUE234aand the second child202a-2. Distance is one example of a parameter that may be taken into consideration; other parameters (such as for example: respective loads/traffic accommodated by the child devices202a-1 and202a-2, capabilities of theUE234a,priority levels of access or permissions granted to theUE234a,etc.) may be taken into account in terms of the child device that theUE234ais communicatively coupled to for purposes of providing various communication services to theUE234a.

Based on the first child202a-1 obtaining the request for the content item from theUE234a(in this example), the first proxy app206a-1 may determine whether the content item is available from (e.g., is included within) the first proxy app storage210a-1. If the content item is determined to be available from the first proxy app storage210a-1, the first proxy app206a-1 may obtain the content item from the first proxy app storage210a-1 and provide the same to theUE234ato satisfy/fulfill the request.

Continuing this example, if the content item is determined to be unavailable from the first proxy app storage210a-1, a determination may be made whether the content item is available from the first cache app214a-1. If the content item is determined to be available from the first cache app214a-1, the first proxy app206a-1 may obtain the content item from the first cache app214a-1 and provide the same to theUE234ato satisfy/fulfill the request.

Continuing the foregoing example, if the content item is determined to be unavailable from the first cache app214a-1, a determination may be made whether the content item is available from the second cache app214a-2 (or the second proxy app storage210a-2). If the content item is determined to be available from the second cache app214a-2 (or the second proxy app storage210a-2), the first proxy app206a-1 may obtain the content item from the second cache app214a-2 (or the second proxy app storage210a-2) and provide the same to theUE234ato satisfy/fulfill the request.

Continuing this example, if the content item is determined to be unavailable from the second cache app214a-2/second proxy app storage210a-2, a determination may be made whether the content item is available from the first parent226a-1. If the content item is determined to be available from the first parent226a-1, the first proxy app206a-1 may obtain the content item from the first parent226a-1 and provide the same to theUE234ato satisfy/fulfill the request. Otherwise, if the content item is determined to be unavailable from the first parent226a-1, the request might not be able to be fulfilled.

In some embodiments, one or more schemes or algorithms may be utilized to facilitate one or more of the determinations set forth above. For example, in some embodiments a mapping, indexing, and/or hashing scheme/algorithm may be used to identify one or more locations where a content item (or one or more portions or segments thereof) may be stored. In this regard, multiple ones of the determinations may be combined or collapsed into a single determination, which can be useful for purposes of reducing latency in fulfilling a request for a content item.

In some embodiments, data (e.g., data associated with one or more content items) may be provided (e.g., pushed) to theUE234ain the absence of an explicit or affirmative request from theUE234afor the data. For example, based on a log or record of consumed media, a schedule of a user associated with theUE234a,a log of purchases made by the user or theUE234a,and/or based on other factors or considerations, data may be provided to theUE234awithout a request from the user or theUE234afor the data. Thus, the use of the request set forth in the foregoing example should be viewed as illustrative/exemplary of one scenario how thesystem200amay be used in practice (whereby the requested content item is pulled by theUE234afrom, e.g., the first child202a-1), as opposed to a limitation upon the use of thesystem200a.

As the foregoing description demonstrates, an attempt may first be made to obtain data locally before extending/reaching out to other devices or apps (e.g., remote devices or apps) for the data. All other conditions being assumed equal, a local access of data may reduce the amount of time needed to fulfill a request for the data, which may enhance the quality of service (QoS) and/or the quality of experience (QoE).

In many instances, the capacity of memory or other storage may be different at a local level relative to a remote level. For example, the first proxy app storage210a-1 may have a first level of storage/capacity that is different from (e.g., is less than) a second level of storage/capacity available at the first cache app214a-1, and the first parent226a-1 may have a third level of storage/capacity that is different from (e.g., is greater than) the second level of storage/capacity available at the first cache app214a-1.

The use of the proxy apps (e.g., the first proxy app206a-1 and the second proxy app206a-2) and the cache apps (e.g., the first cache app214a-1 and the second cache app214a-2) may enhance/increase the amount of capacity that is available on the child-tier, relative to the use of a single child device (e.g., the first child202a-1). In this respect, and from the perspective of the first child202a-1, access to data stored in the second cache app214a-2 may be faster than access to that same data stored in the first parent226a-1. More generally, access to data stored within a given tier may be faster than access to that same data stored in a different tier.

In some embodiments, data that is determined to be accessed frequently (e.g., accessed in an amount that is greater than a threshold) may be stored locally (e.g., within a proxy app storage, such as the first proxy app storage210a-1); other data that is accessed less frequently may be stored at a more remote location (e.g., at a parent, such as the first parent226a-1). Frequency of access may be determined/identified dynamically, which is to say that first data may be accessed more frequently than second data at a first point in time and less frequently than the second data at a second point in time that is different from (e.g., is subsequent to) the first point in time. In practical terms, popular items of data (e.g., content items, such as videos, music, etc.) may be stored locally or proximal to an edge of a network to reduce the time it takes to provision the data to multiple communication devices (e.g., multiple UEs). In this respect, an efficiency of network resources may be enhanced (e.g., maximized), while reducing (e.g., minimizing) upstream network traffic and reducing the amount of capacity required at higher layers/tiers that are more remote from the communication devices that consume or otherwise utilize the data.

As referred to above, in some embodiments data associated with a requested item may be segmented or partitioned into multiple portions. Segmentation may provide for a number of features, inclusive of load balancing/sharing between devices (e.g., servers), facilitating priority or levels of service or access, facilitating troubleshooting, testing, or maintenance activities, increasing reliability or tolerance to faults, etc. In some embodiments, a second segment may be prefetched into a local storage (e.g., the first proxy app storage210a-1) while a first segment is provisioned to a UE (e.g., theUE234a), which is to say that the second segment may be obtained prior to the second segment being needed by the UE. In this example, the second segment may be prefetched based on a determination that a probability that the second segment will be needed by the UE is high (e.g., is greater than a threshold). The amount or extent of prefetching may be selected to facilitate a smooth presentation (e.g., a smooth playback) at the UE, while at the same time taking into consideration any network penalty or overhead associated with the prefetching in the first instance. In some embodiments, the amount or extent of prefetching may be based on a subscription or tier of service, which is to say that an amount or extent of prefetching may be distinguished or differentiated as between users or devices.

Referring now toFIG.2B, an illustrative embodiment of amethod200bin accordance with various aspects described herein is depicted. Themethod200bmay be facilitated (e.g., executed) by one or more systems, devices, and/or components, such as for example the systems, devices, and components set forth herein. In some embodiments, themethod200bmay be executed to provision data within a network (e.g., amongst devices of the network) and/or to provide the data to a communication device (e.g., a UE).

Inblock204b,a request for data may be obtained from the communication device. For example, the request for data may be based on a selection of a content item at, e.g., the communication device. The selection may be made from a menu, an electronic programming guide (EPG), an interactive programming guide (IPG), or the like. In some instances, the request may be generated based on search criteria (e.g., a search term/query), where the search criteria may serve to identify the data. In some embodiments, the request may identify the data based on the use of an address, a link, a uniform resource locator (URL), or the like.

Inblock208b,the location of the data may be identified. For example, and to the extent that the request ofblock204bis associated with a URL, block208bmay include hashing the URL to direct the request to an appropriate location or device. The hashing may be performed by one or more applications (apps), such as for example a proxy app (seeFIG.2A: proxy app206a-1 and proxy app206a-2). The hashing may resolve the URL (or associated domain name) to a particular storage location corresponding to the requested data.

In some embodiments, and to the extent that the data is accessible from multiple locations, block208bmay include a selection of one or more locations for obtaining the data. To the extent that multiple locations are available for selection, one or more factors or considerations (such as, for example, obtaining a reduction in latency) may be taken into account as part of the selection. In this regard, and all other conditions being assumed equal, the location identified/selected as part ofblock208bmay be a local location relative to a remote location in order to reduce latency in fulfilling the request.

Inblock212b,the data may be obtained from the location(s) identified as part ofblock208b.

Inblock216b,the data that is obtained may be stored. The storage of the data as part ofblock216bmay facilitate future requests for the data, which is to say thatblock212bmight not need to be executed as part of future executions/iterations of themethod200b.

Inblock220b,the data may be provided (e.g., transmitted) to the communication device. The provisioning of the data as part ofblock220bmay fulfill the request ofblock204b.As part ofblock220b,a log of the provisioning of the data to the communication device may be generated or recorded, which may be used as part of a billing process or algorithm.

While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respective processes are shown and described as a series of blocks inFIG.2B, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from what is depicted and described herein. Moreover, not all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods described herein.

Aspects of this disclosure, inclusive of aspects of thesystem200aand themethod200b,may be incorporated as part of one or more practical applications. For example, aspects of this disclosure may be used to provision data (potentially associated with one or more content items, such as one or more videos) to one or more communication devices. Aspects of this disclosure may be used to reduce the latency associated with the provisioning of the data. Such a reduction in latency may be especially important in relation to environments or applications that facilitate time-sensitive communications, such as streaming video and streaming audio, where excess delay (e.g., delay in an amount above a threshold) may substantially degrade the quality of the user experience (e.g., may lead to buffering related delays). In this regard, aspects of this disclosure represent substantial improvements relative to conventional technologies.

Aspects of this disclosure may be used to provision data associated with content items to one or more communication devices. Such data may include one or more advertisements. In some embodiments, one or more advertisements may be selected based on a capability associated with a communication device, based on one or more user profiles, based on a log or record of consumed media, based on a log of purchase or commercial transactions, network loads or traffic, and/or based on other factors or considerations.

In some embodiments, data may be stored at one or more locations and/or at one or more devices. In some embodiments, data may be stored at/within a cache to streamline the time it takes to obtain/access and provide the data to a communication device (e.g., a UE). Assuming that a capacity of a storage device (e.g., a cache) is limited, aspects of this disclosure may include overwriting first data with second (e.g., more recently obtained or accessed) data.

Referring now toFIG.3, a block diagram300 is shown illustrating an example, non-limiting embodiment of a virtualized communication network in accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular a virtualized communication network is presented that can be used to implement some or all of the subsystems and functions ofsystem100, the subsystems and functions ofsystem200a,andmethod200bpresented inFIGS.1,2A, and2B. For example,virtualized communication network300 can facilitate in whole or in part a first device that obtains a first request for a content item, determines, based on the obtaining of the first request, whether first data associated with the content item is available at the first device, resulting in a first determination, transmits the first data to a communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is available at the first device, obtains the first data from at least one of a second device and a third device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device, wherein the first device and the second device are included in a first tier of a hierarchical arrangement of devices, wherein the third device is included in a second tier of the hierarchical arrangement of devices, and wherein the second tier is different from the first tier, and transmits, based on the obtaining of the first data from the at least one of a second device and a third device, the first data to the communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device.Virtualized communication network300 can facilitate in whole or in part a first processing system including a first processor that determines that first data associated with a requested content item is unavailable within a first storage location of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determines, based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage location of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor, obtains, based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage location of the second processing system, and transmits, based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage location of the second processing system, the first data to a user equipment.Virtualized communication network300 can facilitate in whole or in part determining, by a first processing system including a first processor, that first data is unavailable within a first storage device of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determining, by the first processing system and based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage device of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor, obtaining, by the first processing system and based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, and transmitting, by the first processing system and based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, the first data to a communication device.

In particular, a cloud networking architecture is shown that leverages cloud technologies and supports rapid innovation and scalability via atransport layer350, a virtualizednetwork function cloud325 and/or one or more cloud computing environments375. In various embodiments, this cloud networking architecture is an open architecture that leverages application programming interfaces (APIs); reduces complexity from services and operations; supports more nimble business models; and rapidly and seamlessly scales to meet evolving customer requirements including traffic growth, diversity of traffic types, and diversity of performance and reliability expectations.

In contrast to traditional network elements—which are typically integrated to perform a single function, the virtualized communication network employs virtual network elements (VNEs)330,332,334, etc. that perform some or all of the functions of

network elements

150,152,154,156, etc. For example, the network architecture can provide a substrate of networking capability, often called Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI) or simply infrastructure that is capable of being directed with software and Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocols to perform a broad variety of network functions and services. This infrastructure can include several types of substrates. The most typical type of substrate being servers that support Network Function Virtualization (NFV), followed by packet forwarding capabilities based on generic computing resources, with specialized network technologies brought to bear when general purpose processors or general purpose integrated circuit devices offered by merchants (referred to herein as merchant silicon) are not appropriate. In this case, communication services can be implemented as cloud-centric workloads.

As an example, a traditional network element150 (shown inFIG.1), such as an edge router can be implemented via aVNE330 composed of NFV software modules, merchant silicon, and associated controllers. The software can be written so that increasing workload consumes incremental resources from a common resource pool, and moreover so that it's elastic: so the resources are only consumed when needed. In a similar fashion, other network elements such as other routers, switches, edge caches, and middle-boxes are instantiated from the common resource pool. Such sharing of infrastructure across a broad set of uses makes planning and growing infrastructure easier to manage.

In an embodiment, thetransport layer350 includes fiber, cable, wired and/or wireless transport elements, network elements and interfaces to providebroadband access110,wireless access120,voice access130,media access140 and/or access tocontent sources175 for distribution of content to any or all of the access technologies. In particular, in some cases a network element needs to be positioned at a specific place, and this allows for less sharing of common infrastructure. Other times, the network elements have specific physical layer adapters that cannot be abstracted or virtualized, and might require special DSP code and analog front-ends (AFEs) that do not lend themselves to implementation as

VNEs

330,332 or334. These network elements can be included intransport layer350.

The virtualizednetwork function cloud325 interfaces with thetransport layer350 to provide the

VNEs

330,332,334, etc. to provide specific NFVs. In particular, the virtualizednetwork function cloud325 leverages cloud operations, applications, and architectures to support networking workloads. The

virtualized network elements

330,332 and334 can employ network function software that provides either a one-for-one mapping of traditional network element function or alternately some combination of network functions designed for cloud computing. For example,

VNEs

330,332 and334 can include route reflectors, domain name system (DNS) servers, and dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) servers, system architecture evolution (SAE) and/or mobility management entity (MME) gateways, broadband network gateways, IP edge routers for IP-VPN, Ethernet and other services, load balancers, distributers and other network elements. Because these elements don't typically need to forward large amounts of traffic, their workload can be distributed across a number of servers—each of which adds a portion of the capability, and overall which creates an elastic function with higher availability than its former monolithic version. These

virtual network elements

330,332,334, etc. can be instantiated and managed using an orchestration approach similar to those used in cloud compute services.

The cloud computing environments375 can interface with the virtualizednetwork function cloud325 via APIs that expose functional capabilities of the

VNEs

330,332,334, etc. to provide the flexible and expanded capabilities to the virtualizednetwork function cloud325. In particular, network workloads may have applications distributed across the virtualizednetwork function cloud325 and cloud computing environment375 and in the commercial cloud, or might simply orchestrate workloads supported entirely in NFV infrastructure from these third party locations.

Turning now toFIG.4, there is illustrated a block diagram of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects described herein. In order to provide additional context for various embodiments of the embodiments described herein,FIG.4 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of asuitable computing environment400 in which the various embodiments of the subject disclosure can be implemented. In particular, computingenvironment400 can be used in the implementation of

network elements

150,152,154,156,access terminal112, base station oraccess point122, switchingdevice132,media terminal142, and/or

VNEs

Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

As used herein, a processing circuit includes one or more processors as well as other application specific circuits such as an application specific integrated circuit, digital logic circuit, state machine, programmable gate array or other circuit that processes input signals or data and that produces output signals or data in response thereto. It should be noted that while any functions and features described herein in association with the operation of a processor could likewise be performed by a processing circuit.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be also practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which can comprise computer-readable storage media and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data or unstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can comprise, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM),flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and comprises any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media comprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference again toFIG.4, the example environment can comprise acomputer402, thecomputer402 comprising aprocessing unit404, asystem memory406 and asystem bus408. Thesystem bus408 couples system components including, but not limited to, thesystem memory406 to theprocessing unit404. Theprocessing unit404 can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit404.

Thesystem bus408 can be any of several types of bus structure that can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. Thesystem memory406 comprisesROM410 andRAM412. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within thecomputer402, such as during startup. TheRAM412 can also comprise a high-speed RAM such as static RAM for caching data.

Thecomputer402 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD)414 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), whichinternal HDD414 can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD)416, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette418) and anoptical disk drive420, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk422 or, to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as the DVD). TheHDD414,magnetic FDD416 andoptical disk drive420 can be connected to thesystem bus408 by a harddisk drive interface424, a magneticdisk drive interface426 and anoptical drive interface428, respectively. The harddisk drive interface424 for external drive implementations comprises at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For thecomputer402, the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable storage media above refers to a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storage media which are readable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and the like, can also be used in the example operating environment, and further, that any such storage media can contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods described herein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives andRAM412, comprising anoperating system430, one ormore application programs432,other program modules434 andprogram data436. All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also be cached in theRAM412. The systems and methods described herein can be implemented utilizing various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

A user can enter commands and information into thecomputer402 through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., akeyboard438 and a pointing device, such as amouse440. Other input devices (not shown) can comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to theprocessing unit404 through aninput device interface442 that can be coupled to thesystem bus408, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an IR interface, etc.

Amonitor444 or other type of display device can be also connected to thesystem bus408 via an interface, such as avideo adapter446. It will also be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, amonitor444 can also be any display device (e.g., another computer having a display, a smart phone, a tablet computer, etc.) for receiving display information associated withcomputer402 via any communication means, including via the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to themonitor444, a computer typically comprises other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

Thecomputer402 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer(s)448. The remote computer(s)448 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically comprises many or all of the elements described relative to thecomputer402, although, for purposes of brevity, only a remote memory/storage device450 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted comprise wired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN)452 and/or larger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN)454. Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which can connect to a global communications network, e.g., the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, thecomputer402 can be connected to theLAN452 through a wired and/or wireless communication network interface oradapter456. Theadapter456 can facilitate wired or wireless communication to theLAN452, which can also comprise a wireless AP disposed thereon for communicating with theadapter456.

When used in a WAN networking environment, thecomputer402 can comprise amodem458 or can be connected to a communications server on theWAN454 or has other means for establishing communications over theWAN454, such as by way of the Internet. Themodem458, which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to thesystem bus408 via theinput device interface442. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to thecomputer402 or portions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device450. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are example and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used.

Thecomputer402 can be operable to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand, restroom), and telephone. This can comprise Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bed in a hotel room or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, ag, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wired Ethernet networks used in many offices.

Turning now toFIG.5, an embodiment500 of amobile network platform510 is shown that is an example of

network elements

150,152,154,156, and/or

VNEs

330,332,334, etc. For example,platform510 can facilitate in whole or in part a first device that obtains a first request for a content item, determines, based on the obtaining of the first request, whether first data associated with the content item is available at the first device, resulting in a first determination, transmits the first data to a communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is available at the first device, obtains the first data from at least one of a second device and a third device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device, wherein the first device and the second device are included in a first tier of a hierarchical arrangement of devices, wherein the third device is included in a second tier of the hierarchical arrangement of devices, and wherein the second tier is different from the first tier, and transmits, based on the obtaining of the first data from the at least one of a second device and a third device, the first data to the communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device.Platform510 can facilitate in whole or in part a first processing system including a first processor that determines that first data associated with a requested content item is unavailable within a first storage location of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determines, based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage location of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor, obtains, based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage location of the second processing system, and transmits, based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage location of the second processing system, the first data to a user equipment.Platform510 can facilitate in whole or in part determining, by a first processing system including a first processor, that first data is unavailable within a first storage device of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, determining, by the first processing system and based on the first determination, that the first data is available within a second storage device of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a second determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor, obtaining, by the first processing system and based on the second determination, the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, and transmitting, by the first processing system and based on the obtaining of the first data from the second storage device of the second processing system, the first data to a communication device.

In one or more embodiments, themobile network platform510 can generate and receive signals transmitted and received by base stations or access points such as base station oraccess point122. Generally,mobile network platform510 can comprise components, e.g., nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or disparate platforms, that facilitate both packet-switched (PS) (e.g., internet protocol (IP), frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit-switched (CS) traffic (e.g., voice and data), as well as control generation for networked wireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example,mobile network platform510 can be included in telecommunications carrier networks, and can be considered carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein.Mobile network platform510 comprises CS gateway node(s)512 which can interface CS traffic received from legacy networks like telephony network(s)540 (e.g., public switched telephone network (PSTN), or public land mobile network (PLMN)) or a signaling system #7 (SS7)network560. CS gateway node(s)512 can authorize and authenticate traffic (e.g., voice) arising from such networks. Additionally, CS gateway node(s)512 can access mobility, or roaming, data generated throughSS7 network560; for instance, mobility data stored in a visited location register (VLR), which can reside inmemory530. Moreover, CS gateway node(s)512 interfaces CS-based traffic and signaling and PS gateway node(s)518. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS gateway node(s)512 can be realized at least in part in gateway GPRS support node(s) (GGSN). It should be appreciated that functionality and specific operation of CS gateway node(s)512, PS gateway node(s)518, and serving node(s)516, is provided and dictated by radio technology(ies) utilized bymobile network platform510 for telecommunication over aradio access network520 with other devices, such as aradiotelephone575.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic and signaling, PS gateway node(s)518 can authorize and authenticate PS-based data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions can comprise traffic, or content(s), exchanged with networks external to themobile network platform510, like wide area network(s) (WANs)550, enterprise network(s)570, and service network(s)580, which can be embodied in local area network(s) (LANs), can also be interfaced withmobile network platform510 through PS gateway node(s)518. It is to be noted thatWANs550 and enterprise network(s)570 can embody, at least in part, a service network(s) like IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Based on radio technology layer(s) available in technology resource(s) orradio access network520, PS gateway node(s)518 can generate packet data protocol contexts when a data session is established; other data structures that facilitate routing of packetized data also can be generated. To that end, in an aspect, PS gateway node(s)518 can comprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in 3GPP UMTS network(s) (not shown)) which can facilitate packetized communication with disparate wireless network(s), such as Wi-Fi networks.

In embodiment500,mobile network platform510 also comprises serving node(s)516 that, based upon available radio technology layer(s) within technology resource(s) in theradio access network520, convey the various packetized flows of data streams received through PS gateway node(s)518. It is to be noted that for technology resource(s) that rely primarily on CS communication, server node(s) can deliver traffic without reliance on PS gateway node(s)518; for example, server node(s) can embody at least in part a mobile switching center. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, serving node(s)516 can be embodied in serving GPRS support node(s) (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, server(s)514 inmobile network platform510 can execute numerous applications that can generate multiple disparate packetized data streams or flows, and manage (e.g., schedule, queue, format . . . ) such flows. Such application(s) can comprise add-on features to standard services (for example, provisioning, billing, customer support . . . ) provided bymobile network platform510. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that are part of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gateway node(s)518 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a data session, and to serving node(s)516 for communication thereafter. In addition to application server, server(s)514 can comprise utility server(s), a utility server can comprise a provisioning server, an operations and maintenance server, a security server that can implement at least in part a certificate authority and firewalls as well as other security mechanisms, and the like. In an aspect, security server(s) secure communication served throughmobile network platform510 to ensure network's operation and data integrity in addition to authorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway node(s)512 and PS gateway node(s)518 can enact. Moreover, provisioning server(s) can provision services from external network(s) like networks operated by a disparate service provider; for instance,WAN550 or Global Positioning System (GPS) network(s) (not shown). Provisioning server(s) can also provision coverage through networks associated to mobile network platform510 (e.g., deployed and operated by the same service provider), such as the distributed antennas networks shown inFIG.1(s) that enhance wireless service coverage by providing more network coverage.

It is to be noted that server(s)514 can comprise one or more processors configured to confer at least in part the functionality ofmobile network platform510. To that end, the one or more processor can execute code instructions stored inmemory530, for example. It is should be appreciated that server(s)514 can comprise a content manager, which operates in substantially the same manner as described hereinbefore.

In example embodiment500,memory530 can store information related to operation ofmobile network platform510. Other operational information can comprise provisioning information of mobile devices served throughmobile network platform510, subscriber databases; application intelligence, pricing schemes, e.g., promotional rates, flat-rate programs, couponing campaigns; technical specification(s) consistent with telecommunication protocols for operation of disparate radio, or wireless, technology layers; and so forth.Memory530 can also store information from at least one of telephony network(s)540,WAN550,SS7 network560, or enterprise network(s)570. In an aspect,memory530 can be, for example, accessed as part of a data store component or as a remotely connected memory store.

In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter,FIG.5, and the following discussion, are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented. While the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on a computer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination with other program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.

Thecommunication device600 can comprise a wireline and/or wireless transceiver602 (herein transceiver602), a user interface (UI)604, apower supply614, alocation receiver616, amotion sensor618, an orientation sensor620, and acontroller606 for managing operations thereof. Thetransceiver602 can support short-range or long-range wireless access technologies such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, WiFi, DECT, or cellular communication technologies, just to mention a few (Bluetooth® and ZigBee® are trademarks registered by the Bluetooth® Special Interest Group and the ZigBee® Alliance, respectively). Cellular technologies can include, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE, EV/DO, WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wireless communication technologies as they arise. Thetransceiver602 can also be adapted to support circuit-switched wireline access technologies (such as PSTN), packet-switched wireline access technologies (such as TCP/IP, VoIP, etc.), and combinations thereof.

TheUI604 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad608 with a navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or a navigation disk for manipulating operations of thecommunication device600. Thekeypad608 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of thecommunication device600 or an independent device operably coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USB cable) or a wireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth®. Thekeypad608 can represent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and/or a QWERTY keypad with alphanumeric keys. TheUI604 can further include adisplay610 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable display technology for conveying images to an end user of thecommunication device600. In an embodiment where thedisplay610 is touch-sensitive, a portion or all of thekeypad608 can be presented by way of thedisplay610 with navigation features.

Thedisplay610 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a user interface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, thecommunication device600 can be adapted to present a user interface having graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by a user with a touch of a finger. Thedisplay610 can be equipped with capacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technology to detect how much surface area of a user's finger has been placed on a portion of the touch screen display. This sensing information can be used to control the manipulation of the GUI elements or other functions of the user interface. Thedisplay610 can be an integral part of the housing assembly of thecommunication device600 or an independent device communicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a cable) or a wireless interface.

TheUI604 can also include anaudio system612 that utilizes audio technology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard in proximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphone for hands free operation). Theaudio system612 can further include a microphone for receiving audible signals of an end user. Theaudio system612 can also be used for voice recognition applications. TheUI604 can further include animage sensor613 such as a charged coupled device (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

Thepower supply614 can utilize common power management technologies such as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulation technologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energy to the components of thecommunication device600 to facilitate long-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or in combination, the charging system can utilize external power sources such as DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port or other suitable tethering technologies.

Thelocation receiver616 can utilize location technology such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS for identifying a location of thecommunication device600 based on signals generated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used for facilitating location services such as navigation. Themotion sensor618 can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motion of thecommunication device600 in three-dimensional space. The orientation sensor620 can utilize orientation sensing technology such as a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device600 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations in degrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

Thecommunication device600 can use thetransceiver602 to also determine a proximity to a cellular, WiFi, Bluetooth®, or other wireless access points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time of flight (TOF) measurements. Thecontroller606 can utilize computing technologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits, and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash, ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executing computer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by the aforementioned components of thecommunication device600.

Other components not shown inFIG.6 can be used in one or more embodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, thecommunication device600 can include a slot for adding or removing an identity module such as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used for identifying subscriber services, executing programs, storing subscriber data, and so on.

The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, as used in the claims, unless otherwise clear by context, is for clarity only and doesn't otherwise indicate or imply any order in time. For instance, “a first determination,” “a second determination,” and “a third determination,” does not indicate or imply that the first determination is to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.

In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “data store,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can comprise both volatile and nonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, disk storage, and memory storage. Further, nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can comprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising, these and any other suitable types of memory.

Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, smartphone, watch, tablet computers, netbook computers, etc.), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network; however, some if not all aspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

In one or more embodiments, information regarding use of services can be generated including services being accessed, media consumption history, user preferences, and so forth. This information can be obtained by various methods including user input, detecting types of communications (e.g., video content vs. audio content), analysis of content streams, sampling, and so forth. The generating, obtaining and/or monitoring of this information can be responsive to an authorization provided by the user. In one or more embodiments, an analysis of data can be subject to authorization from user(s) associated with the data, such as an opt-in, an opt-out, acknowledgement requirements, notifications, selective authorization based on types of data, and so forth.

Some of the embodiments described herein can also employ artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate automating one or more features described herein. The embodiments (e.g., in connection with automatically identifying acquired cell sites that provide a maximum value/benefit after addition to an existing communication network) can employ various AI-based schemes for carrying out various embodiments thereof. Moreover, the classifier can be employed to determine a ranking or priority of each cell site of the acquired network. A classifier is a function that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, . . . , xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is, f(x)=confidence (class). Such classification can employ a probabilistic and/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysis utilities and costs) to determine or infer an action that a user desires to be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates by finding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, which the hypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from the non-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classification correct for testing data that is near, but not identical to training data. Other directed and undirected model classification approaches comprise, e.g., naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification models providing different patterns of independence can be employed. Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statistical regression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the embodiments can employ classifiers that are explicitly trained (e.g., via a generic training data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g., via observing UE behavior, operator preferences, historical information, receiving extrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured via a learning or training phase within a classifier constructor and feature selection module. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automatically learn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited to determining according to predetermined criteria which of the acquired cell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and/or which of the acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existing communication network coverage, etc.

As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, the terms “component,” “system” and the like are intended to refer to, or comprise, a computer-related entity or an entity related to an operational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, wherein the entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. As an example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, computer-executable instructions, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration and not limitation, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can comprise a processor therein to execute software or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality of the electronic components. While various components have been illustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as a single component, or a single component can be implemented as multiple components, without departing from example embodiments.

Further, the various embodiments can be implemented as a method, apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or computer-readable storage/communications media. For example, computer readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive). Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the various embodiments.

In addition, the words “example” and “exemplary” are used herein to mean serving as an instance or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as “example” or “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word example or exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form.

Moreover, terms such as “user equipment,” “mobile station,” “mobile,” subscriber station,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” “mobile device” (and/or terms representing similar terminology) can refer to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are utilized interchangeably herein and with reference to the related drawings.

Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer” and the like are employed interchangeably throughout, unless context warrants particular distinctions among the terms. It should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automated components supported through artificial intelligence (e.g., a capacity to make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms), which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.

As employed herein, the term “processor” can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors; single-processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as “data storage,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components or computer-readable storage media, described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.

What has been described above includes mere examples of various embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing these examples, but one of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed and/or claimed herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.

In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue” indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that the steps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used in conjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates the beginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by other activities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indication reflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/or may be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further, while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, other orderings are likewise possible provided that the principles of causality are maintained.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via one or more intervening items. Such items and intervening items include, but are not limited to, junctions, communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functional blocks, and/or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signal conveyed from a first item to a second item may be modified by one or more intervening items by modifying the form, nature or format of information in a signal, while one or more elements of the information in the signal are nevertheless conveyed in a manner than can be recognized by the second item. In a further example of indirect coupling, an action in a first item can cause a reaction on the second item, as a result of actions and/or reactions in one or more intervening items.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement which achieves the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the embodiments described or shown by the subject disclosure. The subject disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, can be used in the subject disclosure. For instance, one or more features from one or more embodiments can be combined with one or more features of one or more other embodiments. In one or more embodiments, features that are positively recited can also be negatively recited and excluded from the embodiment with or without replacement by another structural and/or functional feature. The steps or functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure can be performed in any order. The steps or functions described with respect to the embodiments of the subject disclosure can be performed alone or in combination with other steps or functions of the subject disclosure, as well as from other embodiments or from other steps that have not been described in the subject disclosure. Further, more than or less than all of the features described with respect to an embodiment can also be utilized.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A first device, comprising:

a processing system including a processor; and

a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processing system, facilitate performance of operations, the operations comprising:

determining, based on a first request for a content item, whether first data associated with the content item is available at the first device, resulting in a first determination, wherein the determining comprises identifying whether the first data is available in a first proxy application storage of the first device and, based on identifying that the first data is unavailable in the first proxy application storage, identifying whether the first data is available in a first cache application storage of the first device; and

obtaining the first data from at least one of a second device and a third device for transmission to a communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable in the first proxy application storage of the first device and also unavailable in the first cache application storage of the first device, wherein the first device and the second device are included in a first tier of a hierarchical arrangement of devices, wherein the third device is included in a second tier of the hierarchical arrangement of devices that is different from the first tier, and wherein the first proxy application storage is smaller than the first cache application storage and is reserved to store prefetched segments of content items and portions of content items that are determined to be accessed at a frequency that is greater than a threshold.

2. The first device ofclaim 1, wherein the first proxy application storage is associated with a proxy application configured to process requests such as the first request, wherein the second device comprises a second proxy application storage and a second cache application storage, and wherein access by the first device to the second proxy application storage or the second cache application storage is faster than access by the first device to the third device.

3. The first device ofclaim 1, wherein the first request is based on a search query entered at the communication device.

4. The first device ofclaim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:

storing, based on the obtaining of the first data from the at least one of a second device and a third device, the first data at the first device.

5. The first device ofclaim 4, wherein the operations further comprise:

obtaining a second request for the content item subsequent to the storing of the first data at the first device; and

transmitting, based on the storing of the first data at the first device, the first data to fulfill the second request.

6. The first device ofclaim 5, wherein the obtaining of the second request comprises obtaining the second request from a second communication device that is different from the communication device.

7. The first device ofclaim 6, wherein the transmitting of the first data to fulfill the second request comprises transmitting the first data to the second communication device to fulfill the second request.

8. The first device ofclaim 6, wherein the transmitting of the first data to fulfill the second request comprises transmitting the first data to a third communication device to fulfill the second request, and wherein the third communication device is different from the communication device and is different from the second communication device.

9. The first device ofclaim 1, wherein at least one of the first device and the second device is a mobile device, wherein the third device is a server, and wherein the operations further comprise:

transmitting the first data to the communication device when the first determination indicates that the first data is available at the first device.

10. The first device ofclaim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:

determining, based on the first determination indicating that the first data is unavailable at the first device, whether the first data is available at the second device, resulting in a second determination,

wherein the obtaining of the first data from the at least one of a second device and a third device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device comprises obtaining the first data from the second device when the second determination indicates that the first data is available at the second device.

11. The first device ofclaim 10, wherein the obtaining of the first data from the at least one of a second device and a third device when the first determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the first device comprises obtaining the first data from the third device when the second determination indicates that the first data is unavailable at the second device.

12. The first device ofclaim 10, wherein the content item includes a video.

13. The first device ofclaim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:

prefetching second data associated with the content item;

storing, based on the prefetching of the second data, the second data in a cache of the first device;

accessing the second data from the cache; and

transmitting, based on the accessing of the second data from the cache, the second data to the communication device.

14. The first device ofclaim 13, wherein the second data comprises an advertisement.

15. The first device ofclaim 13, wherein the prefetching of the second data comprises obtaining the second data from the second device.

16. The first device ofclaim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:

identifying a uniform resource locator (URL) associated with the content item; and

applying a hash to the URL, resulting in a hashed URL,

wherein the first determination is based on the hashed URL.

17. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a first processing system including a first processor, facilitate performance of operations, the operations comprising:

determining that first data associated with a requested content item is unavailable within a first storage location of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, wherein the first storage location comprises a first proxy storage of the first processing system;

based on the first determination, determining that the first data is also unavailable within a second storage location of the first processing system, resulting in a second determination, wherein the second storage location comprises a first cache storage of the first processing system;

determining, based on the second determination, that the first data is available within a particular storage location of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a third determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor; and

obtaining, based on the third determination, the first data from the particular storage location of the second processing system, wherein the first proxy storage is smaller than the first cache storage and is reserved to store prefetched segments of content items and portions of content items that are determined to be accessed at a frequency that is greater than a threshold.

18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium ofclaim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:

determining that additional data associated with the requested content item is unavailable within the first proxy storage of the first processing system, resulting in a fourth determination;

based on the fourth determination, determining that the additional data is available within the first cache storage of the first processing system, resulting in a fifth determination;

obtaining, based on the fifth determination, the additional data from the first cache storage of the first processing system; and

transmitting, based on the obtaining of the additional data from the first cache storage of the first processing system, the additional data to a user equipment, wherein the first proxy storage is associated with a proxy application configured to process requests for content, wherein the particular storage location comprises a second proxy storage or a second cache storage, and wherein access by the first processing system to the particular storage location is faster than access by the first processing system to the third processing system.

19. A method, comprising:

determining, by a first processing system including a first processor, that first data is unavailable within a first storage device of the first processing system, resulting in a first determination, wherein the first storage device comprises a first proxy application storage;

based on the first determination, determining, by the first processing system, that the first data is also unavailable within a second storage device of the first processing system, resulting in a second determination, wherein the second storage device comprises a first cache application storage;

determining, by the first processing system and based on the second determination, that the first data is available within a particular storage device of a second processing system including a second processor, resulting in a third determination, wherein the first processing system and the second processing system are included in a first tier of a processing system hierarchy, and wherein the processing system hierarchy includes a second tier, the second tier including a third processing system including a third processor; and

obtaining, by the first processing system and based on the third determination, the first data from the particular storage device of the second processing system, wherein the first proxy application storage is smaller than the first cache application storage and is reserved to store prefetched segments of content items and portions of content items that are determined to be accessed at a frequency that is greater than a threshold.

20. The method ofclaim 19, further comprising:

storing, by the first processing system and based on the obtaining of the first data from the particular storage device of the second processing system, the first data in the first proxy application storage;

determining, by the first processing system, that additional data is unavailable within the first proxy application storage of the first processing system, resulting in a fourth determination;

based on the fourth determination, determining, by the first processing system, that the additional data is also unavailable within the first cache application storage of the first processing system, resulting in a fifth determination;

based on the fifth determination, determining, by the first processing system, that the additional data is also unavailable within the particular storage device of the second processing system, resulting in a sixth determination;

obtaining, by the first processing system and based on the sixth determination, the additional data from a certain storage device of the third processing system; and

storing, by the first processing system and based on the obtaining of the additional data from the certain storage device of the third processing system, the additional data in the first cache application storage, wherein the storing of the additional data in the first cache application storage comprises overwriting the first data in the first cache application storage with the additional data.