US20210060255A1 - Auto-Injector Apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

An auto-injector apparatus includes a flexible container containing a liquid medicant, a needle communicated with a container, a housing with a container being received in the housing, pump disposed in the housing and positioned to engage the flexible container and expel the medicant from the container through the needle upon relative movement between the pump and the container, and a main drive spring operably associated with the needle to extend the needle from a first needle position wherein the needle completely received in the housing to a second needle position wherein the needle protrudes from the using. The pump may be a roller.

Description

• This application claims priority from United Kingdom Patent Application No. 0821492.6 for “Integrated Auto-Injector Cartridge” filed on Nov. 25, 2008.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
• The present invention relates generally to auto-injector apparatus for injecting medicants into a patient.
2. Description of the Prior Art
• To aid convenience in injecting drugs it is desirable to simplify the process by inserting the needle into the delivery site, delivering the drug and subsequently sheathing the needle with minimal user input. The prior art has included a number of auto-injector devices for performing this process. Most prior art auto-injectors use ease based syringes or cartridges as the primary packaging for the drug or medicant.
• There is a continuing need for improved auto-injector apparatus that are simple and reliable in their use and economical in their manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• In one aspect an auto-injector apparatus includes a flexible container containing a liquid medicant, a needle communicated with the flexible container, a housing with the container being received in the housing, a pump disposed in the housing and positioned to engage the flexible container and expel the medicant from the container through the needle upon relative movement between the pump and the container, and a main drive spring operably associated with the needle to extend the needle from a first needle position wherein the needle is completely received in the housing to the second needle position wherein the needle protrudes from the housing. The pump may include a roller.
• In a second aspect a method of auto-injecting a liquid medicant into a patient includes placing a proximal end of an auto-injector apparatus against the patient's body, releasing a main spring, driving a needle proximally within the apparatus with the main drive spring so that the needle extends out of the proximal end of the apparatus thereby inserting the needle in the patient's body, and creating relative motion between a pump and a flexible medicant container within the apparatus and thereby forcing the medicant out of the flexible container through the needle into the patient's body. The pump may include a roller.
• In another aspect an auto-injector apparatus includes a flexible container containing a liquid medicant, a needle communicated with the container, and a roller positioned to engage the flexible container and expel the medicant from the container upon relative movement in a displacement direction between the roller and the container, wherein the flexible container has a width transverse to the displacement direction and the width varies along the displacement direction.
• Numerous objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, upon a reading of the following disclosure when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIGS. 1A-1D comprise a schematic series of figures illustrating the manufacture and the use of an embodiment of the auto-injector apparatus.
• FIG. 1A illustrates the manufacture of the embodiment ofFIGS. 1A-1D.
• FIG. 1B illustrates the embodiment ofFIGS. 1A-1D ready for use.
• FIG. 1C illustrates an intermediate step in the use of the embodiment ofFIGS. 1A-1D wherein the needle has been uncovered as it would during insertion into a patient's body.
• FIG. 1D illustrates a further stage in the use of the embodiment ofFIGS. 1A-1D wherein a coil strip spring has rolled over the flexible cartridge to inject the medicant.
• FIGS. 2A-2G comprise a sequential series of illustrations of the steps of usage of an auto-injector apparatus having an injector device using replaceable cartridges.
• FIG. 2A shows the device after usage and ready for reloading.
• FIG. 2B shows the device opened for removal of the spent cartridge.
• FIG. 2C shows a replacement cartridge in place within the device.
• FIG. 2D shows the device closed and ready for use.
• FIG. 2E shows the device as it would appear with its proximal end engaged against the patient's body and with a trigger on its distal end depressed.
• FIG. 2F illustrates the device with the needle extended from the device as it would appear during insertion into the patient's body and injection of the medicant.
• FIG. 2G shows the device with the needle withdrawn and back in the same condition asFIG. 2A.
• FIG. 3 is an end view of an embodiment of a replaceable cartridge for an auto-injector apparatus.
• FIG. 4 is a right side elevation view of the apparatus ofFIG. 3.
• FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the apparatus ofFIG. 3.
• FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the apparatus ofFIG. 3.
• FIG. 7 is a perspective exploded view of the apparatus ofFIG. 3.
• FIGS. 8A-8B comprise a sequential series of perspective views showing the operation of the apparatus ofFIG. 3.
• FIG. 8A shows a perspective view of the apparatus ofFIG. 3 ready for use.
• FIG. 8B shows a perspective view of the apparatus ofFIG. 3 wherein a needle protection frame is shown in a collapsed position with the needle extended therefrom for insertion into the patient and injection of a medicant.
• FIGS. 9A-9C comprise a perspective end view of the needle protection frame and needle hub of the apparatus ofFIG. 3 illustrating the manner in which a releasable interlock on the needle hub is released upon closure of the lid of the device.
• FIG. 9A shows the interlock in a locked position prior to closure of the lid of the device.
• FIG. 9B illustrates with downward vertical arrows the application of downward force as would occur by two pins (not shown) of the lid upon closure.
• FIG. 9C shows the collapsed position of the needle protection frame with the frame arms sliding through the needle hub.
• FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of an auto-injector apparatus for use with replaceable cartridges.
• FIGS. 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 and 23 comprise a sequential series of perspective views of the apparatus ofFIG. 10 showing a series of steps in the use of the apparatus.
• FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the apparatus ofFIG. 10 in a first position prior to opening of the device and prior to loading a cartridge in the device.
• FIG. 12 is a plan view of the apparatus ofFIG. 11.
• FIG. 12A-A is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 12 taken along line A-A.
• FIG. 12B-B is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 12 taken along line B-B.
• FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the apparatus ofFIG. 10 in a second position wherein the lid has been opened and prior to placement of a cartridge in the device.
• FIG. 14 is a plan view of the apparatus ofFIG. 13.
• FIG. 14A-A is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 14 taken along line A-A.
• FIG. 14B-B is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 14 taken along line B-B.
• FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the apparatus ofFIG. 10 in a third position with a cartridge having been placed within the device.
• FIG. 16 is a plan view of the apparatus ofFIG. 15.
• FIG. 16A-A is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 16 taken along line A-A.
• FIG. 16B-B is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 16 taken along line B-B.
• FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the apparatus ofFIG. 10 in a fourth position with the cartridge in place and with the lid closed.
• FIG. 18 is a plan view of the apparatus ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 18A-A is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 18 taken along line A-A.
• FIG. 18B-B is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 18 taken along line B-B.
• FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the apparatus ofFIG. 10 in a fifth position wherein the needle is protruding from the device as it would upon insertion into a patient's body, but prior to injection of the medicant into the patient.
• FIG. 20 is a plan view of the apparatus ofFIG. 19.
• FIG. 20A-A is an elevation section view the apparatus ofFIG. 20 taken along line A-A.
• FIG. 20B-B is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 20 taken along line B-B.
• FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the apparatus ofFIG. 10 in a sixth position after the medicant has been injected into the patient. It is noted thatFIG. 21 appears the same asFIG. 19, but the positions of the internal components have changed.
• FIG. 22 is a plan view of the device ofFIG. 21.
• FIG. 22A-A is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 22 taken along line A-A.
• FIG. 22B-B is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 22 taken along line B-B.
• FIG. 23 is a perspective view of embodiment ofFIG. 10 in a seventh position wherein the needle has been withdrawn back into the device.
• FIG. 24 is a plan view of the device ofFIG. 23.
• FIG. 24A-A elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 24 taken along line A-A.
• FIG. 24B-B is an elevation section view of the apparatus ofFIG. 24 taken along line B-B.
• FIG. 25 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of auto-injector apparatus designed for a single use.
• FIGS. 26A-26H illustrate several variations on the size and shape of the flexible drug container.FIG. 26A shows a container of relatively low volume.FIG. 26B shows a container of relatively high volume.FIG. 26C shows dual parallel containers which allow two drugs to be mixed during injection.FIG. 26D shows dual containers in series which allow two drug components to be mixed during injection.FIGS. 26E-H show several variations of a profiled container which affects the rate of delivery of medicant.
• FIG. 27 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an injection apparatus having a longitudinally fixed roller.
• FIG. 28 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of an injection apparatus having a longitudinally fixed roller.
• FIG. 29 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of an injection apparatus having a longitudinally fixed roller.
• FIG. 30 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of an injection apparatus having a longitudinally fixed roller.
• FIGS. 31A and 31B schematically show two positions of an alternative pump apparatus including an inflatable balloon pump.
• FIGS. 32A and 32B schematically show two positions of an alternative pump apparatus including a pair of magnets on opposite sides of the flexible container.
• FIGS. 33A and 33B schematically show two positions of an alternative pump apparatus including an electromagnet and a magnetically attracted mass.
• FIGS. 34A and 34B schematically show two positions of an alternative pump apparatus including a source of fluid pressure communicated with the interior of the flexible container.
• FIG. 35 is a plan view of a cartridge contained in secondary packaging.
• FIG. 36 is a side view of the packaging ofFIG. 35.
• FIG. 37 is a section view taken along line37-37 ofFIG. 35.
• FIG. 38 is a plan view of a cartridge in another embodiment of secondary packaging.
• FIG. 39 shows the packaging ofFIG. 38 with a cover peeled back.
• FIG. 40 is a side view of the packaging ofFIG. 39.
• FIG. 41 is a plan view of a single use injector device contained in secondary packaging.
• FIG. 42 is a plan view of a single use device having a transparent window covered by a pull strip.
• FIG. 43 shows the device ofFIG. 42 after the pull strip has been pulled to expose the cartridge through the transparent window.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTSThe Embodiment of FIGS.1A-1D
• FIGS. 1A-1D schematically illustrate one embodiment of an auto-injector apparatus.
• FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a step in the assembly of an auto-injector apparatus10, a more complete assembly of which is shown inFIG. 1B. InFIG. 1A, aneedle sub-assembly12 is laid in place upon a flat portion of aflexible substrate14.
• Theflexible substrate14 begins as a flat flexible sheet of material which may for example be a polymer material and may include a laminated metal layer as further described below. Adrug containment volume16, which may also be referred to as aflexible container16, has been formed in a blister manner into the flat flexible sheet. Also formed into the sheet are anecked down passage18, amanifold portion20, and ableed vent22.
• InFIG. 1B, thesubstrate14 has been folded over about afold line24 and the flat portions of the flexible substrate have been sealed together where they engage. Also, thenecked down passage18, which may also be referred to asneck18, has been sealed to isolateneedle26 and close thedrug containment volume16 at its proximal end.
• It is noted that in this description, the term “proximal” is used to refer to the end of the apparatus that is closest to or engaged with the patient when the apparatus is in use to inject the medicant into the patient's body. Thus thesharp end28 of theneedle26 is referred to as the proximal end ofneedle26. Similarly, the proximal end of the apparatus10 is indicated at30. Accordingly the distal end of the apparatus10 is indicated at32.
• After thesubstrate14 has been folded over and the flat portions and theneck18 have been sealed, thedrug containment volume16 is filled with a drug or medicant which is placed through thetop end34 of the still opendrug containment volume16, then the top end is closed or sealed as indicated at36 inFIG. 1B.
• Then, the volume of thedrug containment volume16 is compressed slightly to expel residual air through thebleed feature22 after which aneck38 of thebleed feature22 is sealed to completely seal thedrug containment volume16.
• Then the back side of thesubstrate14 adjacent thedrug containment volume16 is bonded to an unrolledcoil spring strip40 also, sometimes, referred to as aTensator spring40.
• FIGS. 1C and 1D schematically illustrate two steps in the use of the apparatus10. InFIG. 1C, the actuation of the apparatus10 has begun, and thedrug containment volume16 andneedle sub-assembly12 includingneedle26 have moved axially forward in a proximal direction forcing theneedle26 to protrude through thefront42 of thesubstrate material14 with excess material bunching as indicated at44 near the root of theneedle26. It will be understood that this, step in the actuation, and the proximal movement of the drug containment volume andneedle sub-assembly12 is accomplished by means of an actuating mechanism which is not shown inFIGS. 1A-1D.
• InFIG. 1D, thecoil spring strip40 has been released and has rolled forward proximally into its natural coiled state. As the loop of thecoil spring strip40 rolls forward, it compresses the flexibledrug containment volume16 and expresses the drug contained therein through thepassage18 and through theneedle26 into the patient. The loop may be described as an integral roller portion41 of thecoil spring strip40.
• Several features are provided by the integrated assembly of the apparatus10 shown inFIGS. 1A-1D.
• The apparatus10 provides drug containment in the flexible container defined by thedrag containment volume16 and the surroundingflexible substrate14.
• The properties of the material selected for thesubstrate14 which forms the flexible barrier around thedrug containment volume16 may be selected as appropriate.
• The folded substrate material about theneedle sub-assembly12 as seen inFIG. 1D provides needle sterility until the point of use of the apparatus10.
• The frangible seal provided atneck18 provides a dry needle in storage.
• Thebleed feature22 provides a means of air removal during filling.
• The potential is provided for having two of the drug compartments16 formed in thesubstrate14 which provides a lyophilized powder option, as is for example further discussed below with regard toFIG. 26D.
• The apparatus10 allows for flexible fill volumes by selection of the size of thedrug containment volume16 formed in thesubstrate14.
• The use of a roller to express the drug from theflexible volume16 allows full delivery of contents from thevolume16 through theneedle26.
• The apparatus10 is compact in size and relatively low in cost.
• The apparatus10 aids convenience in injecting drugs by simplifying the drug injection process by inserting the needle into the delivery site, delivering the drug and subsequently sheathing the needle with minimal user input.
• As best seen inFIG. 1A, theneedle sub-assembly12 includes aneedle hub46 which as shown inFIG. 1B is structurally connected to theflexible container16 via the folded layers of thesubstrate14 and is fluidly connected to the interior ofcontainer16 thepassage18 and themanifold portion20 which communicate with a opening (not shown) in theneedle hub46 which in turn communicates with theneedle26.
• Theneedle26 is attached to theneedle hub46 and extends proximally from theneedle hub46. A needle protection frame48 is connected to theneedle hub46. The frame48 includes first and second transversely spacedframe arms50 and52 which are supported from thoneedle hub46 on opposite sides of theneedle26 and extend proximally beyond theproximal end28 ofneedle26. Laterally inward extendingsupports54 and56 are defined on the proximal ends ofarms50 and52, respectively, to aid in supporting the folded oversubstrate14 as seen inFIG. 1B. Thearms50 and52 held thefront42 ofsubstrate material14 away fromproximal end28 ofneedle26.
• When thecontainer16,needle hub46 andneedle26 move proximally forward from the position ofFIG. 1B to the position ofFIG. 1C relative to the front42laminated substrate14, theframe arms50 and52 fold up in an accordion like manner as shown inFIG. 1C to allow the relative movement betweenneedle26 and thefront42 of the laminate14. Theneedle hub46 and theneedle26 may be described as being displaceable relative to the frame48 in a proximal direction to insert theneedle26 into a patient.
• Those portions of thelaminated material14 folded over theneedle26 between thearms50 and52 as seen inFIG. 1B may be referred to as a flexible needle pouch58 connected to the frame48 and covering theneedle26 to maintain theneedle26 in a sterile condition prior to use. As illustrated, the pouch58 is collapsible so that theneedle26 can protrude through the pouch58 upon proximal displacement of theneedle hub46 andneedle26 relative to the frame48.
• The two sheets of thesubstrate14 forming theneedle pouch68 can be described as a sheet offlexible material14 folded atfold24 into two sheet portions joined together along at least two sides as indicated at60 and62, the twosides60 and62 extending generally parallel to theneedle26 which may be described as being transverse to thefold24.
• Theflexible container16 may be described as being made up of first and second layers of theflexible substrate material14 joined together to define acontainer space16 therebetween, the first and second layers of thesubstrate14 further defining thepassages18 and20 communicating thecontainer space16 with theneedle hub46.
• As previously noted, the necked downportion18 of the passage is temporarily closed to provide a frangible seal temporarily closing thepassage18 to isolate theneedle26 from medicant in thevolume16. That frangible seal is formed by joining portions of the first and second layers of thesubstrate14 so that they are lightly sealed together across thepassage18 thus blocking thepassage18 until the pressure within thecontainer16 is sufficient to break that seal across the neck downportion18 by causing the two layers to peel away from each other.
• Theflexible container16 may also be described as comprising first and second layers of theflexible substrate14, which may be described as aflexible film14, joined together around at least part of a containment perimeter so that the interior volume ofcontainer16 is a containment space defined between unjoined portions of the first and second layers of thesubstrate14. As is apparent inFIGS. 1B and 1C, the container orcontainment space16 is an elongated space having alength64 extending generally parallel to a proximal/distal axis66 of thecontainer16, and having awidth68 transverse to and less than thelength64, so that thecontainment space16 has twolengthwise sides63 and66 parallel tolength64, adistal side70 and aproximal side72. The first and second layers of thesubstrate material14 are joined together on at least the twolengthwise sides63 and65 and thedistal side70, and the two layers ofsubstrate14 are further joined together to define thepassages18 and20 communicating theproximal side72 of thecontainment space16 with the needle hub48.
• Thecoil spring strip40 may be described as adrive spring40 having its integral roller portion41 which rolls over theflexible container16 after theneedle26 is extended to the position shown inFIGS. 1C and 1D.
The Embodiment of the Multi-Use Apparatus of FIGS.2-24
• FIGS. 2A-2G comprise a sequential series of illustrations showing the manner of usage of a multi-use auto-injector apparatus which is generally designated by the numeral100. Theapparatus100 includes ahousing102 having alid104 which may be opened as indicated inFIGS. 2B and 2C to allow removal and replacement of acartridge assembly106.
The Cartridge Assembly
• The details of construction of thecartridge assembly106 are seen inFIGS. 3-9.FIG. 3 is a proximal end view of thecartridge assembly106.FIG. 4 is a right side elevation view of thecartridge assembly106.FIG. 5 is a bottom view of thecartridge assembly108.FIG. 6 is a top plan view of thecartridge assembly106.FIG. 7 is a perspective exploded view showing the components of thecartridge assembly106.FIGS. 8A and 8B show the cartridge assembly in two different operating positions.
• Thecartridge assembly106 includes aflexible container108 that as schematically illustrated inFIG. 7 includes aliquid medicant110. As best seen inFIG. 7, theflexible container108 comprises first andsecond layers112 and114 of flexible film joined together. As shown inFIG. 6, thelayers112 and114 of film are joined together around at least a part of a containment perimeter defined by twolengthwise sides116 and118, adistal side120 and aproximal side122. The interior offlexible container108 may be described as a containment space which is defined between unjoined portions of the first andsecond layers112 and114. That containment space is an elongated space having alength124 extending generally parallel to a proximal/distal axis128 of thecontainer108, and having awidth130 transverse to and less than thelength124, so that the containment space withincontainer108 has the twolengthwise sides116 and118 mentioned plus thedistal side120 and theproximal side122.
• The first andsecond layers112 and114 are joined together along the twolengthwise sides116 and118 in the areas as indicated at132 and134, and along thedistal side122 in the area as indicated at136.
• The upper layer offilm112 has amanifold portion138 formed therein as best seen inFIG. 7. Themanifold portion138 is shaped so as to closely fit over a distal portion of a central hub portion146 of aneedle hub140. Theneedle hub140 includes the central hub portion146 and upper and lower hub clamps148 and150. The upper and lower hub clamp portions148 and150 have slots such as176 therein for receiving positioning ribs such as178 of central hub146 therein. The upper and lower clamp portions148 and150 are held together by flexible arras such as180 having laterally inward extending protrusions such as182 which snap fit below ledges such as184 on the lower clamp part150.
• As generally indicated by the dottedline142 inFIG. 6, apassage142 communicates the interior of thecontainer108 with themanifold portion138 and thus with theneedle hub140. After the container space within theflexible container108 has been filled with themedicant110, thepassage142 is temporarily sealed by afrangible seal143 which is formed by pressing the first andsecond layers112 and114 of flexible film together and lightly sealing the two together across thepassage142 so as to temporarily seal the medicant within theflexible container108. As is further described below, during use of the apparatus106 a roller will roll across theflexible container108 from itsdistal end120 toward itsproximal end122 and the pressure within theflexible container108 will break theseal143 by causing thelayers112 and114 to peel apart within the area of thepassage142 thus allowing the liquid medicant to flow from thecontainer108 through thepassage142 and through the central hub portion146 ofneedle hub140 to aneedle144.
• Thehub140 andneedle144 are part of aneedle subassembly152 which further includes aneedle protection frame154 connected to theneedle hub140 and including a frameproximal end156 extending proximally beyond aproximal end158 ofneedle144. As is apparent in viewingFIGS. 8A and 8B, theneedle hub140 andneedle144 are displaceable relative to theframe154 in a proximal direction to insert theneedle144 into a patient.
• Theneedle protection frame154 includes first and second transversely spacedframe arms158 and160 supported from theneedle hub140 on opposite sides of theneedle144 and extending proximally beyond theproximal end158 ofneedle144.
• Theframe154 further includes afront bar162 made up of upper and lower front clamp halves164 and166, spanning between the proximal ends of theframe arras158 and160 to protect theproximal end158 of theneedle144 when theneedle144 is in an initial position corresponding toFIGS. 4-6 andFIG. 8A. The upper and lower front clamp portions164 and166 are held together by flexible arms such as185 on the upper clamp portion having laterally inward extendingprotrusion188. As best seen inFIG. 3, the front bar clamp portions have recesses defined therein which form anopening168 through thefront bar162 through which theneedle144 passes when the needle moves proximally relative theframe154 to insert the needle into a patient. Such proximal movement is illustrated in the position ofFIG. 8B wherein theneedle144 has passed through theopening168.
• The upper hub clamp148 ofneedle hub140 includes first and secondcylindrical openings169 and171 defined therethrough within which are slidably received thecylindrical arms158 and160, respectively.
• As best seen in comparingFIGS. 8A and 8B, theframe arms158 and160 slide through theopenings169 and171 ofneedle hub140 when theneedle hub140 andneedle144 are displaced proximally relative to theframe154 to insert theneedle144 into a patient.
• Theneedle sub-assembly152 preferably includes aflexible needle pouch170 connected to or supported from theframe154 and covering theneedle144 to maintain theneedle144 in a sterile condition prior to use. Theneedle pouch170 is collapsible so that theneedle144 can protrude through thepouch170 upon proximal displacement of theneedle hub140 andneedle144 relative to theframe154 as illustrated inFIG. 8B. Theflexible needle pouch170 is preferably formed from two sheets of flexible film in a manner similar to that described for formation of theflexible container108 from the twosheets112 and114. Theneedle pouch170 has anopening172 at a distal end portion that is similar in size and shape to the opening ormanifold portion138 described above, which opening172 closely fits over aproximal portion174 of the central hub146.Needle pouch170 may be formed from a sheet of flexible material folded at afold line186 into two sheet portions joined together along at least two sides transverse to the fold.
• Thesheets112 and114 are preferably joined together by welding of the sheet material. The welding may be accomplished by application of heat, by application of radio frequency energy, by application of ultrasonic energy, by friction welding, or any other suitable welding technique. Alternatively the sheets can be joined by solvent bonding or the use of any other suitable adhesive. The central hub146 is preferably formed of plastic and is preferably joined to theflexible container108 and to theneedle pouch170 by welding of the flexible material to the central hub146.
• In any of the embodiments disclosed herein wherein two separate sheets are joined together, such assheets112 and114, an equivalent structure may be provided by folding a single sheet. Similarly, in any of the embodiments disclosed herein wherein a single sheet is folded to form two overlying layers, an equivalent structure may be provided by two separate sheets joined together.
• Also, instead of using aneedle pouch170 constructed from two sheets or a folded sheet of flexible material, a formed cylindrical rubber or plastic sheath or nipple may be used and directly attached toneedle hub140.
• FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate the operation of areleasable lock188 operably associated with theframe arms158 and160 and theneedle hub140. Thereleasable lock188 can lock theneedle protection frame154 in the locked position as shown inFIG. 9A wherein theframe arms158 and160 are prevented from sliding distally relative to theneedle hub140, and an unlocked position as illustrated inFIGS. 9B and 9C, wherein theneedle protection frame154 is allowed to slide distally relative to theneedle hub140. Thereleasable lock188 includes resilient locking arms190 and192 which in their unbiased position as shown inFIG. 9A are received in notches such as indicated at194 in the distal ends of thearms158 and160. When the flexible arms190 and192 are received in thenotches194 they prevent thearms158 and160 from sliding distally through theneedle hub140.
• Referring back to the series ofFIGS. 2A-2G, when thelid104 is returned to a closed position as shown inFIG. 2D a pair of pins (not shown) on the underside of thelid194 engage the flexible arms190 and192 and push them downward as indicated byarrows196 and198 inFIG. 9B so as to permit thearms158 and160 to slide distally as shown inFIG. 9C.
• The flexible materials making up the first andsecond layers112 and114 of film which are used to make theflexible container108 may be selected based upon numerous desirable properties for theflexible container108. For example, theflexible container108 may be constructed from a transparent or translucent material so that an extent to which thecontainer108 is filled with medicant can be observed by the user. Also, the materials from which thecontainer108 is manufactured may be selected based upon their properties as oxygen and moisture barriers for protection and shelf life of the medicant contained in thecontainer108. One preferred such material which will be opaque and will provide very high barrier properties is a flexible metallic material which includes an aluminum lamination. Other metallic films, layers or foils could also be used. For example a metallic layer could be vacuum deposited upon an underlying flexible substrate.
• Numerous examples of possible flexible materials from which the first andsecond layers112 and114 of film may be selected are set forth in the following Table I along with some approximate properties of these materials as oxygen and moisture barriers. In each case the product is described as a lamination of three materials.

• 	TABLE I
  		Oxygen Barrier	Moisture Barrier
  	Total	(1 ml. volume)	(1 ml. volume)

  	Thickness	(g/m2/		(g/m2/
  Product	μm	day)	ppm	day)	ppm

  PP/20μ EVOH/PP	160	1.86	1897	0.2	204
  PP/40μ EVOH/PP	160	1.93	1969	0.1	102
  PP/PET•SIOx/PP	112	0.5	510	0.5	510
  PP/23μ PCTFE/PP	100	0.23	235	120	122400
  PP/51μ PCTFE/PP	100	0.11	112	55	56100
  PP/PET•SIOx/PP (Super)	112	0.001	1	0.001	1
  Lacquer/Aluminum/PP	110	0	0	0	0

• The abbreviations for the products in the first column of Table I refer to the following materials:
• • 1. PP is polypropylene.
  • 2. PCTFE is polychlorotrifluoroethylene. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene is a fluoropolymer that has the best water barrier properties of all suggested polymers. It is also known under the trademark ALCAR®, which is a product of Honeywell.
  • 3. EVOH is ethylene vinyl alcohol. Ethylene vinyl alcohol is a polymer that has outstanding oxygen barrier properties, but is prone to moisture transmission and therefore must be all protected by outer layers.
  • 4. SIOx is silicium oxide. It is a very thin glass layer coated onto a PET film. The coating process can be achieved in many different ways.
• The use of a transparent or translucent drug containment film may be suitable for drugs that have low dissolved oxygen and low loss of moisture stability requirements. It has the advantage that visual inspection of the drug at time of manufacture and by the patient before injection is possible. The disadvantage is potential susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation. Many of the polymers listed in Table I may be obtained in a sufficiently transparent form that the level of the liquid medicant in the container can be visualized, although they may not be fully transparent.
• For drugs that have higher dissolved oxygen and low loss of moisture stability requirements, an opaque containment film including a foil layer within the film, such as aluminum foil, may be desirable. Such a configuration has the advantage of less susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation. It has the disadvantage that visual inspection of the drug at time of manufacture and by the patient before injection may not be possible.
External Packaging:
• Another option is to utilize a transparent flexible drug containment film which is sealed inside metal foil secondary packaging. This option is suitable for drugs that have high dissolved oxygen and low loss of moisture stability requirements. It has the advantage that visual inspection of the drug at the time of manufacture and by the patient before the injection is possible, and that it is less susceptible to ultraviolet. This solution may also be suitable for drugs that have very high stability requirements, i.e. if the secondary packaging is sealed under nitrogen or contains an oxygen absorbing material. Such an embodiment is shown for example inFIGS. 35-37 wherein thecartridge106 is shown in place within afoil package700. Thepackage700 is made from abottom layer702 and atop layer704 sealed together around their periphery.Top layer704 is raised as best seen inFIGS. 36 and 37 to create aninterior space710 for storage of thecartridge106.Notches706 and708 are preformed in thepackage700 so that it may be torn apart across the width of the package so that thecartridge106 may be removed for use. Thepackage700 is preferably made of a metal foil material which will be impermeable to moisture and air. As noted theinterior710 of the package may be sealed under nitrogen or contain an oxygen absorbing material. Theflexible container108 will be made of transparent material so that when it is manufactured, and when it is removed frompackage700 for use, it may be visually inspected to insure that it is filled with medicant and that the medicant is dear and contains no particulates.
• Another form of external packaging is shown inFIGS. 38-40. In this case thecartridge106 is contained in anopaque package720, which again is preferably constructed from a metal foil material such as aluminum.Package720 is made from a bottom layer722 and atop layer724 joined around their periphery to define an interior726. Awindow728 is defined intop layer724 and is initially covered by apeelable strip730 as shown inFIG. 38. As shown inFIGS. 39 and 40 thestrip730 is peeled back so that thecartridge106 is visible and can be removed from the packaging. Alternatively the entire top layer can be designed to be peeled back from the bottom layer.
• Both of thepackaging embodiments700 and720 just described are intended for packaging of cartridges for use in multi-use injector devices as further described below. Other external packaging arrangements for single use injector devices are described below with regard toFIGS. 41-43.
Container Shapes:
• The shape and dimensions of theflexible container108 may be selected based upon various considerations. Several alternatives are shown inFIGS. 26A-26H, and it will be understood that due to the design flexibility provided by the use of molding the flexible film to construct theflexible container108, any desired shape can be readily formed and utilized with theapparatus100.
• For example,FIGS. 26A and 26B show how the volume of liquid medicant contained in theflexible container108 may be readily changed simply by forming thecontainer108 to have a smaller volume. Thecontainer108 in the embodiment ofFIG. 26B has a volume approximately ten times that of thecontainer108 in the embodiment ofFIG. 26A.
• The embodiment ofFIG. 26C includes twoflexible containers108′ and108″ in a parallel relationship, both of which are communicated with theneedle hub140 through frangible seals such as thefrangible seal143 described above, thus permitting the mixing of two liquid drugs during the injection process.
• The embodiment ofFIG. 26D includes twoflexible containers108′ and108″ in series. Thefirst container108′ is separated from thesecond container108″ by a firstfrangible seal143′. Thesecond container108″ is separated from theneedle hub140 by a secondfrangible seal143″. Thefirst container108′ is filled with a liquid drug component and thesecond container108″ is filled with a dry drug component. As theroller210 rolls forward it first pressurizesfirst container108′ to burst firstfrangible seal143′ so that liquid component flows into thesecond container108′ and begins to mix with the dry drug component. As theroller210 continues to roll forward the secondfrangible seal143″ bursts and the mixed liquid and dry drug component are expelled through the needle.
• The embodiments ofFIGS. 26E-26H show profiledcontainers108 which affect the flow rate of delivery of drug from thecontainer108 as the mechanism rolls a roller across the container to squeeze the medicant out of the container.
• In the embodiments ofFIGS. 26E-26H theroller210 is positioned to engage theflexible container108 and expel the medicant from the container upon relative movement between theroller210 andcontainer108 in adisplacement direction211 shown inFIG. 26E.Displacement direction211 is a longitudinal direction parallel to theaxis128 ofcartridge106. Theroller210 has arotational axis213 transverse to thatdisplacement direction211.
• In the embodiment shown inFIG. 26E theflexible container108 has awidth130 transverse to thedisplacement direction211, thewidth130 varying along the displacement direction. Theroller210 first engages the container at a first position shown in solid lines androller210 moves in the displacement direction toward a second position shown in dotted lines. In the embodiment ofFIGS. 26E and 26G, thewidth130 of thecontainer108 at the second engagement position ofroller210 shown in dashed lines is less than the width of the container at the first engagement position, so that the speed of injection of medicant decreases during relative movement of theroller210 between the first and second engagement positions. This assumes that theroller210 moves at a constant speed indirection211. In the embodiments ofFIGS. 26E and 26G thewidth130 of the container continuously decreases from the first engagement position to the second position.
• Conversely, in the embodiment ofFIG. 26F, the width of thecontainer108 at the second engagement position of theroller210 shown in dashed lines is greater than the width of the container at the first engagement position of the roller shown in solid lines, so that a speed of injection of medicant increases during the relative movement of theroller210 between the first and second engagement positions.
• Finally, as shown inFIG. 26H, thewidth130 of thecontainer108 can vary in multiple aspects. In the embodiment ofFIG. 26H, thewidth130 first decreases, then increases, which provides an alternating injection speed which first decreases and then increases.
• It will be appreciated that the profile of the flexible container can be designed so as to provide any desired changing injection speed profile.
The Multi-Use Dispensing Device
• The details of construction of those portions of theapparatus100 other than thecartridge assembly106 are best shown inFIGS. 10-24. It will be understood that the multi-use apparatus ofFIGS. 10-24 and the single use apparatus ofFIG. 25 are shown in schematic form in order to illustrate and describe the major internal working components of the device. Further details of theapparatus100 are explained below with regard to external features of theapparatus100 which are better shown in the series ofFIGS. 2A-2G.
• The basic components of theapparatus100 are most easily understood by viewing the exploded view ofFIG. 10. Thehousing102, which may be referred to as a main housing body has ahousing interior202 and anopening204. Thelid104 is pivotally attached to themain housing body102 and is moveable between a closed position as shown inFIG. 11 closing theopening204 and an open position as shown inFIG. 13 wherein thehousing interior202 is accessible through theopening204.
• Theapparatus100 includes acontainer carriage206 which is reciprocably disposed in thehousing body102. As is illustrated and further described with regard toFIGS. 15 and 16 below, thecartridge assembly106 including theflexible container108 will be received in thecarriage206 so that thecarriage206, thecontainer108 and theneedle144 are moveable together within thehousing102 between a first carriage position illustrated inFIGS. 18, 18A-A and18B-B and a second carriage position illustrated inFIGS. 20, 20A-A and20B-B, corresponding to first and second positions of theneedle144, respectively.
• Aneedle return chassis208 cooperates with thecontainer carriage206 and is also reciprocably disposed in thehousing102 to aid in withdrawing the needle from its extended position as inFIG. 21 to a retracted safety position as illustrated inFIGS. 23, 24, 24A-A and24B-B.
• Aroller210 includes axles such as212 extending from each end thereof which extend through roller tracks orslots214 and216 defined in thecontainer carriage206 so as to guide theroller210 as it rolls in a proximal direction relative to thecontainer carriage206 to expel medicant from thecontainer108 as will be further described below.
• Aroller cam218 has anopening220 through which theaxle212 extends. Thecam218 is mounted on the outside of theslot214.Cam218 includes a mountingpin219 which extends through abore222 in aspool224 attached to amain drive spring228. Themain drive spring226 is a coil spring strip which has afirst end228 fixed to themain housing body102, and asecond end portion230 which coils around thespool224 as themain drive spring226 contracts to its relaxed position. Thecoil strip spring226 may provide a substantially constant spring force, and thus may be referred to as a constant force spring. When themain drive spring226 is uncoiled or extended as shown inFIG. 10 it stores potential energy which is utilized to drive thecontainer carriage206 proximally to insert theneedle144 into a patient's body and to subsequently drive theroller210 proximally through thecontainer carriage206 to roll over theflexible container108 to expel the medicant therefrom. Themain drive spring226 may be described as being operably associated with thecontainer carriage206, and thus with theneedle144 attached to thecontainer108 carried in thecontainer carriage206, so as to extend theneedle144 from a first needle position as shown for example inFIG. 18A-A wherein theneedle144 is completely received in thehousing102, to a second needle position as shown for example inFIG. 20A-A wherein theneedle144 protrudes from thehousing102.
• Themain drive spring226 may also be described as being operably associated with theroller210 to roll theroller210 over theflexible container108 after theneedle144 is extended to its second needle position. As is further explained below with regard toFIGS. 31-34, theroller210 may be more generally described as apump210, and other alternative pump structures may be used in other embodiments.
• Theroller cam218 may be further described as a roller interlock between theroller210 and thecontainer carriage206 to prevent theroller210 from rolling over theflexible container108 until after themain drive spring226 moves theneedle144 to its second needle position.
• As will be further described below with regard toFIG. 14A-A, when thelid104 is opened theroller cam218 is forced downwardly against the distal end of thecontainer carriage206 by aramp232 on theouter body102. Thus theroller cam218 will prevent theroller210 from rolling proximally relative to thecontainer carriage206 until after thecontainer carriage206 has moved proximally to its second container carriage position as shown for example inFIG. 20A-A.
• Aretraction spring234 has afirst end236 connected to apost238 on theneedle return chassis208 and asecond end240 connected to apost242 fixed to the bottom floor of themain housing body102. As is further explained below theretraction spring234 will, at an appropriate time, pull theneedle return chassis208 and thecontainer carriage206 and thecontainer108 and theneedle144 back in a distal direction to withdraw theneedle144 after the medicant has been expelled from theflexible container108.
• Theapparatus100 further includes a cocking linkage244 connecting thelid104 to themain drive spring226 and theretraction spring234 so that opening of thelid104 extends themain drive spring226 and theretraction spring234. The cocking linkage244 includes a number ofcomponents including gears246 and248 integrally formed on the distal end of thelid104, amain drive rack250, adrive gear252, and aspring rack254. Thedrive gear252 includes integrally attached smaller gear253 and larger gear255. Thedrive gear252 is mounted on anaxle257 extending laterally from thecontainer carriage206. Thus thedrive gear252 moves laterally with thecontainer carriage206 within themain housing102. In the position illustrated inFIG. 10, the small gear253 is engaged with the gear teeth of themain drive rack250, and the larger gear255 is engaged with the gear teeth of thespring rack254. As is further described below, upon actuation of atrigger270 thespring rack254 is shifted laterally relative to drivegear252 out of engagement with the gear teeth of larger gear255.
• Turning now toFIGS. 11-24 various operating positions of theapparatus100 are illustrated.
• When theapparatus100 is in the position represented byFIGS. 11, 12, 12A-A and12B-B, theapparatus100 is in an unprimed state after a previous injection. For ease of illustration, inviews12A-A and12B-B nocartridge106 is shown within the housing, although there would typically be a spent cartridge in place after use of theapparatus100.
• In this position theneedle return chassis208 has moved distally until it abuts adistal end209 of thehousing102. That movement is accomplished by theneedle return spring234. Thecontainer carriage206 is also in its distalmost position to which it was carried by engagement of lateral tabs such as256 and258 (seeFIG. 10) defined onneedle return chassis208 with vertical tabs such as260 extending downward fromcontainer carriage206. In the position ofcontainer carriage206 shown inFIG. 12A-A themain drive spring234, which for ease of illustration is not shown inFIGS. 12A-A or12B-B, is in a partially extended position to which it has been carried by contraction of thereturn spring234. As shown inFIG. 12B-B theroller210 is in a proximalmost position relative tocontainer carriage206 to which position theroller210 rolled during the prior actuation of theapparatus100.
• Moving now from the position ofFIGS. 11 and 12 to the position ofFIGS. 13 and 14, when the user opens theapparatus100 by lifting thelid104 from thebody102 themain drive rack250 is driven forward or proximally thus forcing theneedle return chassis208 forward due to engagement of across bar262 ofmain drive rack250 with a downward extendingfoot264 ofneedle return chassis208. This extends theneedle retraction spring234. Afirst trigger266 shown schematically inFIG. 14A-A will engage theneedle return chassis208 to prevent thechassis208 from moving rearwardly or distally after theretraction spring234 has been stretched to full extension as shown inFIG. 14A-A.
• Furthermore, in the position ofFIG. 14A-A theroller210 has been forced to its distalmost position wherein theroller cam218 has engaged theramp232 and has moved downward to hold theroller210 in its distalmost position relative to thecontainer carriage206. When theroller210 is forced distally this also serves to extend themain drive spring226. These movements have been accomplished by the cocking linkage244 upon opening of thelid104 in the following manner. As thelid104 pivots upwardly away from themain housing body102 thegears246 and248 which are meshed with the teeth of themain drive rack250 force themain drive rack250 to move proximally within thehousing102. As themain drive rack250 moves in a proximal direction, it rotates thedrive gear252 which is rotatably mounted on axle257 (seeFIG. 10) ofcontainer carriage206. As thedrive gear252 rotates, its larger gear member is in engagement with thespring rack254 which drives thespring rack264 in the opposite direction from themain drive rack250. Thus thespring rack254 moves in a distal direction and itsdistal end268 is engaged with thecoil portion230 ofmain drive spring22$ and moves thecoil portion230 distally thus unwinding and stretching or extending themain drive spring226.
• Asecond trigger270 schematically illustrated inFIG. 14B-B prevents thecontainer carriage206 from moving forward or proximally.
• With theapparatus100 in the open position as shown inFIG. 13, acartridge assembly106 can be placed therein as illustrated inFIG. 15.
• Then as shown inFIGS. 17 and 18, thelid104 is closed and theapparatus100 is now primed and ready for use. As shown in.FIGS. 18A-A and18B-B, closing thelid104 returns themain drive rack250 to its distalmost position leaving theneedle return chassis208 in its cocked or primed position. As previously noted the needle return chassis is held in position byfirst trigger266.
• Next, aproximal end272 of theapparatus100 is held against the patient's body andsecond trigger270 is fired manually to shift thespring rack254 sideways thus demeshing thespring rack264 from thedrive gear252. This releases thecontainer carriage206 so that thecontainer carriage206 is driven forward or proximally by themain drive spring226. Thecontainer carriage206 carries with it thecontainer108 and theneedle hub140 andneedle144. Theneedle144 is driven forward or proximally to the position shown inFIGS. 19 and 20. During that movement, theneedle protection frame154 ofcartridge assembly106 has remained fixed relative to thehousing102 while theneedle hub140 slides proximally over thearms158 and160 to a position like that shown inFIG. 8B.
• Thus as theapparatus100 moves from its position as illustrated byFIGS. 17 and 18 to its position as illustrated byFIGS. 19 and 20, theneedle hub140 andneedle protection frame154 move relatively between their positions as shown inFIG. 8A to their position as shown inFIG. 8B.
• It is noted that inFIG. 20, theroller210 still has not moved forward within thecontainer carriage206, because theroller cam218 has held theroller210 in place.
• As thecontainer carriage206 moves forward theroller cam218 reaches the end stop on a ramp219 (seeFIG. 10) on theouter body102 which forces theroller cam218 upward thus releasing theroller210 and allowing theroller210 to move proximally along thetracks214 and216 thus rolling over theflexible container108 to expel the medicant therefrom. Theroller210 moves from its position as shown inFIG. 20B-B to its position as shown inFIG. 22B-B. Theroller210 is driven forward or proximally relative to thecontainer carriage206 by the further contraction of themain drive spring226. When theroller210 reaches its forwardmost position as shown inFIG. 22B it tripstrigger266 thus releasing theneedle return chassis208 which is then drawn backward or distally due to contraction of theretraction spring234 thus pulling theneedle return chassis208 and thecontainer carriage206 along with thecartridge assembly106 and theneedle144 back to their starting positions as shown inFIGS. 23 and 24 wherein theneedle144 is once again withdrawn to a safety position within thehousing202.
• During that return motion, themain drive spring226 is partially extended when thecontainer carriage206 pulls hack theroller210 from the position shown inFIG. 22B-B to the position shown inFIG. 24B-B. Theapparatus100 inFIGS. 23 and 24 is now back in the same position at which it began inFIGS. 11 and 12.
• Thefirst trigger266 may be described as aninterlock266 operably associated with theneedle return chassis208 and thecontainer carriage206. Theinterlock266 releases theneedle return chassis208 after theroller210 expels the medicant from thecontainer108 so that theretraction spring234 can withdraw theneedle return chassis208, thecontainer carriage206, thecontainer108 and theneedle144 to a safety position wherein theneedle144 is fully received back in the housing.
• Thus, theapparatus100 is in condition to again be opened and have thecartridge assembly106 replaced. Thus theapparatus100 is a multi-use apparatus which can be used any number of times by replacing thecartridge106 after use.
• When thecartridge106 is placed in thecontainer carriage206 twoopenings274 and276 (seeFIG. 5) in theneedle hub140 receive twoposts278 and280 (seeFIG. 10) extending upward from thecontainer carriage206. Awall282 ofcontainer carriage206 engages a wall284 (seeFIG. 5) ofneedle hub140. When thecartridge106 is in place in theapparatus100 thefront bar162 ofcartridge106 is closely received inrecesses105 and107 ofhousing body102 andlid104, respectively, as shown inFIGS. 15 and 17.
• Then when thecontainer carriage206 moves forward in later stages of operation it immediately moves theneedle hub140 forward while theneedle protection frame154 remains fixed in place relative to thehousing102.
Interlock Requirements
• The following Table II describes the required interlocks through one complete injection cycle forapparatus100. In Table II theflexible container108 is referred to as a sachet.

• TABLE II
  								Full
  Device			Interlock	Skin		Lid	No	sachet	Device
  State	Sachet	Failure Mode	Required	Contact	Trigger	closed	Sachet	in place	Fires

  Device	None	None	None	1	0	1	0	0	No
  closed-
  Dug
  delivered
  Device	None	Device Fires, lid snaps	Device	1	1	0	0	0	No
  open-		shut. High impact on	cannot fire
  Primed		end stops without	with lid
  		sachet to dampen	open
  		forces.
  Device	None	Device mechanism	Device	1	1	1	0	0	No
  primed-		damaged hitting end	cannot fire
  Closed		stops hard if fired.	without a
  		Mechanism abuse	sachet in
  		possible (biro type	position
  		playing)
  Device	Full	Device Fires, lid snaps	Device	1	1	0	1	1	No
  open-		shut, Drug delivered	cannot fire
  Primed		without body contact	with lid
  			open
  Device	Full	Device fires when not	Device will	1	1	1	1	1	Yes
  primed-		in contact with skin,	only fire
  Closed		dose lost	with skin
  			contact
  Device	Used	None	None	1	0	1	1	0	No
  closed-
  Drug
  delivered
  Device	Used	Device mechanism	Device	1	1	0	1	0	No
  open-		damaged hitting end	cannot fire
  Primed		stops hard if fired.	with lid
  		Used needle	open
  		fires again
  Device	Used	Used needle fires a	Sachet	1	1	1	1	0	No
  primed-		second time	locked
  Closed			after use

• Thedevice trigger270 must only become unlocked when skin contact is made with the needle end of thedevice100.
• The ‘no sachet’ interlock and ‘used sachet’ interlock could become one feature if there was a permanently displaceable component on thecontainer carriage208 that interacted with the ‘no sachet’ interlock.
• The ‘lid closed’ interlock must be well recessed to prevent activation by any means other than thelid104 being closed in place. This may include multiple contact points.
Fixed Roller Embodiments of FIGS.27-30FIG.27
• In the embodiments ofFIGS. 1-24 described above, during the relative movement between the roller and the flexible container wherein the medicant is expelled from the flexible container, the flexible container has been held in a fixed position relative to the housing and the roller has moved longitudinally relative to the housing to roll over the flexible container to expel the medicant. It is also possible to achieve the same relative motion between the roller and the flexible container by holding the roller in a fixed position relative to the housing while moving the flexible container in a longitudinal direction relative to the housing. Several such arrangements are schematically illustrated inFIGS. 27-30.
• FIG. 27 schematically shows aninjection apparatus300 including acartridge302 carried in acontainer carriage304. Thecontainer carriage304 functions in a manner similar to thecontainer carriage206 described above and is powered by a main drive spring (not shown) which may be a coil strip main drive spring similar to drivespring226 described above. Thecarriage304 and the drive spring are received in a housing (not shown) similar tohousing102 described above.
• Thecartridge302 includes aneedle hub306 having aneedle308 extending proximally therefrom. A roller310 having first and second coaxial spaced roller portions312 and314 is longitudinally fixed relative to the housing so that the roller310 rotates relative to the housing but does not move longitudinally relative to the housing. Theneedle308 extends between the roller portions312 and314. The roller portions312 and314 engage first and secondflexible containers320 and322 which are communicated at their distal ends withneedle hub306 and thus withneedle308.
• As thecontainer carriage304 begins moving in thedirection316 relative to the housing and relative to the longitudinally fixed rollers310, theneedle308 will pierce a flexible needleprotective sleeve318 and will be inserted into a patient's body. Further movement of thecontainer carriage304 moves the first and secondflexible container compartments320 and322 past the fixed rollers312 and314 so that the rollers squeeze the medicant contained in theflexible containers320 and322 out through theneedle hub306 and through theneedle308 into the patient's body.
• With the embodiment ofFIG. 27, as thecontainer carriage304 moves forward theneedle308 will continue to be inserted deeper into the patient's body while the medicant is simultaneously being expelled through theneedle308 into the patient's body. Thus some portion of the needle insertion and the drug injection can occur simultaneously.
• In all applicable respects other than the geometry of the arrangement, the details of construction of theflexible containers320 and322, theneedle hub306 and other components of theapparatus300 will be similar to those of theapparatus100 described in detail above.
FIG.28
• FIG. 28 schematically illustrates an embodiment somewhat similar to that ofFIG. 27, except in the embodiment ofFIG. 28, a secondary carriage is provided to first partially insert the needle into the patient's body.
• Thus inFIG. 28 anapparatus400 is shown including a cartridge402 carried in acontainer carriage404 which is in turn carried in asecondary carriage424. Theapparatus400 includesneedle hub408,needle408, roller410 with roller portions412 and414,sheath418 andflexible containers420 and422 all similar to the analogous components described above with regard toFIG. 27. The roller portions412 and414 are longitudinally fixed to thesecondary carriage424.
• Thesecondary carriage424 carries thecontainer carriage404 and accompanying components to initially insert theneedle408 into the patient's body. Then further motion of thecontainer carriage404 relative to thesecondary carriage424 moves first and secondflexible container compartments420 and422 past first and second roller portions412 and414 of roller410 in thedirection416 to expel the medicant from thecontainer portions420 and422 and into the patient.
• The motion ofcontainer carriage404 relative tosecondary carriage424, and the motion ofsecondary carriage424 relative to the housing (not shown) may be driven by any suitable spring or other power source, such as coil strip springs like226 or helical springs like234.
FIG.29
• FIG. 29 schematically illustrates another embodiment of the fixed roller apparatus which is generally designated by the numeral500.
• Theapparatus500 similar to the apparatus800 ofFIG. 27, includes a U-shape or dual chamberflexible container502 having first andsecond container portions504 and506. Abottom portion508 of the U-shapeflexible container502 may include a needle hub similar to theneedle hub306 and similar to theneedle hub140 described above.
• Aneedle509 extends proximally from theneedle hub508. Proximal ends510 and512 of theflexible container portions504 and506 are attached to apull bar514.Intermediate portions516 and518 of the first andsecond container portions504 and506 are wrapped around first and second roller portions520 and522 of roller524. The roller524 is fixedly attached to the apparatus housing (not shown) so as to rotate relative to the housing without moving longitudinally relative to the housing.
• A main drive spring (not shown) attached to thepull bar514 pulls thepull bar514 in a distal direction as indicated byarrow526. This causes the portions of theflexible containers504 and506 located above the roller524 to be pulled distally while the portions of theflexible containers504 and506 located below the roller524 move proximally in the direction indicated byarrow528.
• As those lower portions of the flexible container move proximally, they pull forward theneedle hub508 and the attachedneedle509 moving them proximally so as to insert theneedle509 in the patient and to expel medicant from thecontainer portions504 and506 through theneedle509 into the patient. Thecontainer portions504 and506 may initially be only partially filled so that the initial forward motion ofneedle509 to insert the needle into the patient's body may occur before the drug begins to be expelled through the needle.
• With the embodiment ofFIG. 29 the initial proximal movement of theneedle509 serves to collapse aneedle protection sheath530 and insert theneedle509 into the patient, and continued proximal movement of theneedle509 will further insert theneedle509 into the patient while medicant is simultaneously expelled from theflexible container portions504 and506 through theneedle509 into the patient.
FIG.30
• FIG. 30 schematically illustrates a further embodiment identified by the numeral600 which is similar to the embodiment ofFIG. 29 except that it adds asecondary carriage602. Other components are numbered the same as inFIG. 29.
• Thesecondary carriage602 provides an initial proximal movement indirection528 of the entireflexible container502 and associated structures ofFIG. 29, to an initial position which will insert theneedle509 into the patient. Then a main drive spring (not shown) initiates the motion of thepull bar514 in thedirection526 relative to thesecondary carriage602 and the main housing to further inject theneedle509 and expel the medicant from theflexible container502.
• In general, with regard to all of the embodiments described above, the roller can be said to engage its associated flexible container and expel the medicant from the container through the needle upon relative movement between the roller and the container. In each case the roller has a rotational axis and the relative movement between the roller and the container is a relative longitudinal movement in a longitudinal direction transverse to the rotational axis.
• In some embodiments such as those ofFIGS. 10-25, the flexible container is longitudinally fixed relative to the housing during the injection process, and the roller moves longitudinally relative to the container and the housing. In other embodiments such asFIGS. 27-30, the roller is longitudinally fixed relative to the housing during the injection process, and the container moves longitudinally relative to the roller and the housing.
Single Use Embodiment of FIG.25
• FIG. 26 is a schematic perspective exploded view of a single use embodiment of the auto-injector apparatus.FIG. 25 is similar in many aspects toFIG. 10, and those components ofFIG. 26 identical to the components ofFIG. 10 are identified with the same numerals as used inFIG. 10, and those components which have been modified are indicated with a prime suffix. Thus the apparatus ofFIG. 26 is referred to as theapparatus100′. The housing includes amain housing body102′ and alid104′, however the lid is not designed for repeated opening and closing. Instead, thelid104′ is designed to be permanently attached to themain housing body102′ so that thehousing102′,104′ comprises a dosed single use housing having an interior202 which is inaccessible by a user without damage to the housing.
• Thesingle use apparatus100′ may utilize thesame container carriage206,roller210,roller cam218,main drive spring226,return chassis208, andretraction spring234 as were described above with regard to themulti-use apparatus100.
• The primary deletions from theapparatus100 ofFIG. 10 include the cocking linkage244 and itsgears246 and248, themain drive rack250, thedrive gear252, and the spring rack251, all of which have been eliminated because there is no need for opening of the housing or reloading of the housing with a cartridge.
• Although not shown inFIG. 25, thesingle use apparatus100′ will use thesame cartridge assembly106 as described above, which will be carried in thecontainer carriage206 in the same manner as described above with regard to theapparatus100. The difference is that asingle cartridge102 will be placed within theapparatus100′ prior to sealing thelid104′ on themain housing body102′, and there is no replacement of that cartridge after use. Thus when theapparatus100 is assembled, acartridge106 is placed within thecartridge carrier206. Theroller210,roller cam218,main drive spring226,container carriage206,return chassis208 andretraction spring234 are all placed in positions analogous to those shown inFIGS. 17, 18, 18A-A and18B-B. Thetriggers266 and270 as shown inFIG. 18A-A are in place.
External Packaging for Single Use Embodiment
• FIGS. 41 and 42-43 show two different types of external packaging that can be used with the singleuse injector device100′.
• InFIG. 41 thedevice100′ is contained in an opaque, preferably metal foil,outer package740 which is constructed like thepackage700 described above with regard toFIG. 35.Package740 hasnotches742 and744 which allow the user to tear the package open to access thesingle use device100′. Thedevice100′ has atransparent window746 formed in the front thereof so that theflexible container108 of thecartridge106 contained therein may be viewed to confirm that thecontainer108 is filled with medicant prior to use of thedevice100′.
• FIGS. 42 and 43 show asingle use device760 similar to thedevice100′ ofFIG. 26, but with atransparent widow762 formed in the front thereof. Thewindow762 is initially blocked inFIG. 42 by anopaque pull strip764. Prior to use of theapparatus760, thestrip764 is pulled to a second position as shown inFIG. 43, thus exposing thecartridge106 to view through thetransparent window762. This allows the transparentflexible container108 of thecartridge106 to be viewed through thewindow762 to confirm that thecontainer108 is full of medicant prior to use of thedevice760, and to confirm that the medicant is clear and free of particulates. A second transparent window and pull strip is preferably provided on the other side of thedevice760 to allow a see through inspection of thecontainer108. The pull strips preferably are constructed as integral portions of a secondary package around theflexible container108, so that portions of the package are peeled back to expose thecontainer108 when the pull strips are pulled. The secondary container including the pull strips should block exposure of thecontainer108 to light passing through thewindow762 prior to pulling the pull strips.
Methods of Use
• The methods of use of the apparatus will now be described with regard toFIGS. 9-24 and the schematic views ofFIGS. 2A-2G.
• One example of a method of auto-injecting a liquid medicant into a patient may include:
• • (a) Placing aproximal end272 of an auto-injector apparatus100 or100′ against a patient'sbody101—the patient'sbody101 is only schematically illustrated and may for example be an arm or thigh of the patient such as typically used as an injection site;
  • (b) Releasing amain drive spring226 such as for example by manually releasingsecond trigger270 by depressing the same as indicated byarrow103 inFIG. 2E;
  • (c) Driving theneedle144 proximally within theapparatus100 or100′ with themain drive spring226 so that theneedle144 extends out of theproximal end272 of theapparatus100 or100′ thereby inserting theneedle144 in the patient'sbody101; and
  • (d) Creating relative motion betweenroller210 andflexible container108 by rolling theroller210 over theflexible medicant container108 within theapparatus100 or100′ with themain drive spring226 after or while theneedle144 is being inserted in the patient'sbody101 and thereby forcing the medicant out of themedicant container108 through theneedle144 into the patient'sbody101. During the relative motion between the roller and the flexible container to force the medicant out of the container, a frangible seal within the flexible medicant container is broken so that the medicant can flow from the container to the needle.
• After injecting the medicant into the patient's body, theneedle return chassis208 is released to retract theneedle144 back into theapparatus100 or100′ with theretraction spring234 as shown for example inFIG. 2G and inFIGS. 23, 24, 24A-A and24B-B.
• Those steps just described are applicable to both themulti-use apparatus100 ofFIGS. 10-24 and thesingle use apparatus100′ ofFIG. 25.
• For themulti-use apparatus100 ofFIGS. 10-24, the apparatus can further be reloaded by opening thelid104 of theapparatus100 to provide access to theinterior202. That opening action extends themain drive spring236 and theretraction spring234 so that thesprings236 and234 are in position to repeat the insertion of the needle and injection of the medicant into the patient. After opening the lid, the spentmedicant container106 including itsneedle144 is removed from theapparatus100 and a new medicant container andneedle assembly106 are placed in theapparatus100.
• The overall method of operation of themulti-use apparatus100 ofFIGS. 10-24 is schematically illustrated in the seven sequential positions set forth inFIGS. 2A-2G. It is noted that the seven steps represented byFIGS. 2A-2G correspond to the seven positions of theapparatus100 illustrated inFIGS. 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 and 23, respectively.
• Thus, inFIG. 2A,FIG. 11,FIG. 12,FIG. 12A-A andFIG. 12B-B, theapparatus100 begins in an unprimed state after the previous injection.
• InFIG. 2B,FIG. 13,FIG. 14,FIG. 14A-A andFIG. 14B-B thelid104 of theapparatus100 has been opened. This has reset themain drive spring226 and theretraction spring234, and has movedroller210,container carriage206 andneedle return chassis208 to the positions illustrated inFIGS. 14A-A and14B-B.
• InFIG. 2C,FIG. 15,FIG. 16,FIG. 16A-A andFIG. 16B-B anew cartridge assembly106 has been inserted into theapparatus100.
• InFIG. 2D,FIG. 17,FIG. 18,FIG. 18A-A andFIG. 18B-B thelid104 has been closed and theapparatus100 is primed and ready for use.
• InFIG. 2E,FIG. 19,FIG. 20,FIG. 20A-A andFIG. 20B-B thedistal end272 of theapparatus100 is held against the patient'sbody101 and thetrigger270 is fired manually by the user depressing the same with a thumb as indicated byarrow103. Thetrigger270 shifts thespring rack254 sideways thus demeshing it from thedrive gear252 which releases thecontainer carriage206 which is then driven forward by themain drive spring226 thus driving theneedle144 into the patient'sbody101.
• It is noted that inFIG. 2E theneedle144 is not shown, whereas theneedle144 is shown protruding from thehousing102 inFIGS. 19 and 20. It will be understood that as a result of actuating thetrigger270 as indicated inFIG. 2E theneedle144 will move forward and will protrude from theapparatus100 into the patient'sbody101 as shown for example inFIG. 2F.
• FIG. 2F,FIG. 21,FIG. 22,FIG. 22A-A andFIG. 22B-B illustrate the position of the various components of theapparatus100 after themain drive spring226 has driven theroller210 forward to expel the liquid medicant from the flexible container. When the roller reaches the end of its travel it tripstrigger266.
• FIG. 2G,FIG. 23,FIG. 24,FIG. 24A-A andFIG. 24B-B illustrate the position of the components aftertrigger266 has released theneedle return chassis208 so that theretraction spring234 draws theneedle return chassis208, thecontainer carriage206 and thecartridge assembly106 back within the housing thus withdrawing theneedle144 from the patient.
• In the arrangement just described with reference toFIGS. 2A-2G theproximal end272 was first pressed against the patient's body to arm the device, and then trigger270 was pressed to fire the device. Alternatively the various interlocks between the operating components can be arranged so that thetrigger270 must first be pressed to arm the device, and then whendistal end272 is pressed against the patient's body the device will automatically fire.
The Alternative Pump Embodiments of FIGS.31-34FIGS.31A-31B
• As previously noted, theroller210 may be generally described as apump210 disposed in the housing and positioned to engage theflexible container108 and expel the medicant from thecontainer108 through theneedle144. FIGS.31-34 schematically illustrate alternative pump arrangements which could be substituted for theroller pump210.
• InFIGS. 31A and 31B apump610 includes an inflatable balloon orbladder612 powered by compressed gas or expanding chemical reaction producing reaction gases fromgas source614 viaconduit616.
• InFIG. 31A theballoon pump610,612 is schematically shown in an uninflated position. InFIG. 31B thepump610,612 is schematically shown in an inflated position. As theballoon612 inflates within the housing, it acts against theflexible container108 thus compressing theflexible container108 to a compressed condition as shown inFIG. 31B which expels the medicant from thecontainer108 through thefrangible seal143 to theneedle hub140. The expandingballoon612 applies pressure to theflexible container108 thus squeezing theflexible container108 from its original condition shown inFIG. 31A to its compressed position shown inFIG. 31B.
FIGS.32A-32B
• Referring now toFIGS. 32A-32B, amagnetic pump620 includes a pair ofmagnets622 and624. The magnets at one end are pivotally connected at626. At the other end a mechanical blocking device schematically indicated at628 holds the magnets apart so as to define agap630 therebetween within which theflexible container108 is located. Upon removing themechanical blocker628, themagnet622 moves toward themagnet624 thus closing thegap630 and applying pressure to theflexible container108 to collapse theflexible container108 to a position such as schematically illustrated inFIG. 32B, thus expelling the medicant from theflexible container108. Themagnetic pump620 can be described as comprising a pair ofmagnets622 and624 on opposite sides of theflexible container108.
FIGS.33A-33B
• FIGS. 33A-33B schematically illustrate anelectromagnetic pump640 which includes anelectromagnet642 and a magneticallyattractive mass644 on opposite sides of theflexible container108. Theelectromagnet642 may be an electric coil type magnet which receives electrical power frombattery646 viawires648. The magneticallyattractive mass644 may be a steel plate. In the unactuated position ofFIG. 33A agap650 is defined betweenelectromagnet642 andsteel plate644, and theflexible container108 is located in thegap650.
• When current frombattery646 is applied to the coil ofelectromagnet642 thesteel plate644 is drawn towardelectromagnet642 thus closing thegap650 and compressing theflexible container108 to a condition like that schematically illustrated inFIG. 33B, thus squeezing the medicant out of theflexible container108 through thefrangible seal143 to theneedle hub140. Thesteel plate644 may ride onguideposts652 and654 extending upwardly from theelectromagnet642.
FIGS.34A-34B
• FIGS. 34A and 34B schematically illustrate an alternative pump apparatus660 wherein the pump comprises construction of theflexible container108 from a resilient material so the container can be pressurized to an expanded position as shown inFIG. 34A. When it is desired to expel the medicant from theflexible container108, thefrangible seal143 is breached by any suitable means, thus allowing the stretched walls ofcontainer108 to retract to the position ofFIG. 34B, thus forcing the medicant out ofcontainer108 and past breachedseal143 toneedle hub140.
• Thus it is seen that the apparatus and methods of the present invention readily achieve the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those inherent therein. While certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described for purposes of the present disclosure, numerous changes in the arrangement and construction of parts and steps may be made by those skilled in the art, which changes are encompassed within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (18)

What is claimed is:

1. An auto-injector apparatus, comprising:

a flexible container containing a liquid medicament;

a needle communicated with the container;

a housing comprising a housing body and an opening and a housing lid movably attached to the housing body, the lid being moveable between a closed position closing the opening and an open position wherein the opening is accessible, the container being received in the housing;

a pump disposed in the housing and positioned to engage the flexible container and expel the medicant from the container through the needle upon relative movement between the pump and the container;

and a main drive spring operably associated with the needle to extend the needle from a first needle position wherein the needle is completely received in the housing to a second needle position wherein the needle protrudes from the housing.

2. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising: a cocking linkage connecting the lid to the main drive spring and the retraction spring so that opening of the lid extends the main drive spring and the retraction spring.

3. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein: the flexible container and the needle are connected together as part of a replaceable cartridge assembly replaceably received in the housing; and the pump and the main drive spring are connected to the housing for multiple use with sequential replaceable cartridge assemblies.

4. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising: the housing having a transparent window therein through which the flexible container is visible; and an opaque secondary container in which the housing is sealed.

5. The apparatus ofclaim 4, further comprising: the housing having a transparent window therein through which the flexible container can be viewed; and a pull strip movable between a first position blocking the transparent window and a second position wherein the transparent window is unblocked so that the flexible container can be viewed prior to use.

6. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the pump comprises an inflatable balloon.

7. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the pump comprises a pair of magnets on opposite sides of the flexible container.

8. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the pump comprises an electro-magnet and a magnetically attracted mass on opposite sides of the flexible container.

9. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the pump comprises a source of fluid pressure communicated with the interior of the flexible container.

10. An auto-injector apparatus, comprising:

a housing having a proximal end and a distal end, the housing having a housing body and an opening and a housing lid movably attached to the housing body, the lid being moveable between a closed position closing the opening and an open position wherein the opening is accessible,

a container carriage reciprocably disposed in the housing, the container carriage including a cavity adapted to receive a medicant container, the container carriage being movable within the housing between first and second carriage positions;

a roller disposed in the housing and positioned to roll proximally through the cavity of the container carriage to expel medicant from the container;

and a main drive spring operably associated with the carriage to move the carriage proximally from its first position to its second position.

11. The apparatus ofclaim 10, further comprising: a cocking linkage connecting the lid to the main drive spring and the retraction spring so that opening of the lid extends the main drive spring and the retraction spring.

12. The apparatus ofclaim 10, wherein: the roller comprises an integral coil of the coiled spring strip.

13. An auto-injector apparatus, comprising: a flexible container containing a liquid medicant; a needle communicated with the container; a roller positioned to engage the flexible container and expel the medicant from the container upon relative movement in a displacement direction between the roller and the container, the roller having a rotational axis transverse to the displacement direction; and wherein the flexible container has a width transverse to the displacement direction, the width varying along the displacement direction.

14. The apparatus ofclaim 13, further comprising: a main drive operably associated with the roller to move the roller relative to the container from a first engagement position relative to the container to a second engagement position relative to the container.

15. The apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein: the width of the container at the second engagement position is greater than the width of the container at the first engagement position, so that a speed of injection of medicant increases during relative movement between the first and second engagement position.

16. The apparatus ofclaim 15, wherein: the width of the container continuously increases from the first engagement position to the second engagement position.

17. The apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein: the width of the container at the second engagement position is less than the width of the container at the first engagement position, so that a speed of injection of medicant decreases during relative movement between the first and second engagement positions.

18. The apparatus ofclaim 17, wherein: the width of the container continuously decreases from the first engagement position to the second engagement position.

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