US20200220789A1 - Learning device interaction rules - Google Patents

Abstract

Devices and methods are disclosed for establishing interaction among electronic devices of an environment. The device has a transmitter, receiver, memory for storing interaction rules, and a processor for learning the interaction rules in association with the transmitter, receiver, and other devices of the environment. The device also includes components for performing the device specific functions and a state sensor for determining the logical or physical state of the device. Methods involve observing at one or more devices change of state activity among the plurality of devices through receiving a change of state message that is transmitted to the one or more devices, A set of rules are learned at the one or more devices based upon observing the change of state activity. The learned set of rules are then applied at the one or more devices to automatically control changes of state of devices within the plurality of devices.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS
• The present application claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/175,465, filed on Jun. 18, 2002 and entitled LEARNING DEVICE INTERACTION RULES.
TECHNICAL FIELD
• The present invention relates to interaction among electronic devices of an environment. More specifically, the present invention relates to establishing interaction rules for communication and coordination among the electronic devices.
BACKGROUND
• Electronic devices such as household appliances, audio-video equipment, computers, and telephones operate within a given environment such as the home of a user. However, these devices function independently of one another. The user must initiate actions on the devices to cause the devices to change to a particular state of operation to thereby perform a function desired by the user.
• Often, the state of one or more of the electronic devices is related to the state of one or more other electronic devices within the same environment. For example, a user may be watching television (TV) when the telephone rings. The user wishes to answer the call, but to effectively communicate with the caller, the user must mute the television so that sound from the TV does not interfere with the telephone conversation. Every time a telephone call is to be answered while the user watches TV, the user must again repeat the muting process. For each call, once the user hangs up the phone, the TV must be manually unmuted so that the user can once again listen to the TV program being watched.
• The TV-telephone scenario discussed above is only one example. There is an undeterminable number of scenarios and devices involved within a given environment. In each scenario, the devices do not communicate with one another and do not coordinate activities, and as a result the user is overly burdened. The number of electronic devices for a household is continually increasing, and the resulting burden on the user to manually coordinate states of the devices for given scenarios is increasing as well.
• To address this problem, devices can be configured with communication abilities so that they can communicate with one another when one or more devices experience a user driven state change. However, to establish coordination among the devices so that automatic responses to state changes may occur, interaction rules must exist that dictate the communication and coordination. Because every environment may have a unique grouping of devices and the desired response may differ from one user to the next, it is infeasible to pre-establish the interaction rules for each device of the environment. Furthermore, it adds to the burdens on the user if the user must manually program the interaction rules for each device.
• Therefore, there is a need for automatically establishing interaction rules for the electronic devices within an environment that dictate the communication and coordination of activity among the devices to reduce the burden placed on the user.
SUMMARY
• Embodiments of the present invention establish interaction rules through observation of user interaction with the devices of the environment. A device may establish its own rules by observing changes of state of itself in relation to changes of state of other devices. Utilizing a defined protocol, the devices may communicate in response to the user interacting with one or more devices to establish rules. Once the rules are learned, the devices can operate in accordance with the interaction rules to automatically change states upon the user initiating an activity at a device within the environment. By automatically establishing the interaction rules, the user is not required to manually program the rules, and the burden on the user is reduced.
• The devices within the environment utilize a transmitter and receiver that enable communication with other devices through a particular transport. Wireless transports such as infrared or radio frequency as well as wired connections and many other transports are available for use by the devices of a particular environment. The devices also have memory that is used to store the interactions rules that the device learns and a processor for employing the logic necessary to establish the rules through observation of changes of state of devices in the environment.
• A particular device includes its function-specific components, such as a television including its display screen, speakers, and associated circuitry. In addition, the device includes at least one state sensor such as a logical sensor that either operates as a logical component executed by the processor or a logical component independent of but in communication with the processor. The state sensor may be a physical sensor such as a transducer that relays signals back to the processor regarding the physical state of a device.
• The processor of the device implements logic to establish the interaction rules. The logical operations of the processor are embodied in methods. The methods specify how a particular device or group of devices learn rules of interaction. One embodiment of a method involves observing at one or more devices change of state activity among the plurality of devices through receiving a change of state message that is transmitted to the one or more devices. A set of rules are learned at the one or more devices based upon observing the change of state activity. The learned set of rules are then applied at the one or more devices to automatically control changes of state of devices within the plurality of devices.
• One exemplary embodiment involves detecting a change of state at a first device. In response to detecting the change of state, the first device broadcasts a change of state message to the plurality of devices, and the message includes an indication of the change of state and an identification of the first device. The plurality of devices receive the change of state message. A second device detects a change of state subsequent to receiving the change of state message and creates a rule that includes the detected change of state of the second device associated with the change of state of the first device received in the change of state message.
• Another exemplary embodiment involves detecting a change of state at a first device. In response to detecting the change of state at the first device, the first device monitors for a change of state message from one or more of the plurality of devices. A second device detects a change of state at a second device subsequent to detecting the change of state at the first device. In response to detecting the change of state at the second device, a change of state message is broadcast to the plurality of devices, and the message includes an indication of the change of state and an identification of the second device. As a result of monitoring at the first device, the change of state message is received, and the first devices creates a rule that includes the detected change of state of the first device associated with the change of state of the second device received in the change of state message.
• An additional exemplary embodiment involves sending a request from a first device to a second device, and the request specifies that the second device provide rules to the first device. The second device receives the request from the first device and in response to receiving the request, the second device retrieves the rules from memory and transmits the rules to the first device. The first device receives the transmission of the rules and stores the rules in memory.
• The various aspects of the present invention may be more clearly understood and appreciated from a review of the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments and by reference to the drawings and claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of a device environment.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the major components of an embodiment of an interactive device.
• FIG. 3 is an exemplary operational flow of an interactive device communicating with other devices of the environment.
• FIG. 4 is an exemplary operational flow of communication between interactive devices involving a message broadcast to all devices of the environment.
• FIG. 5 is an exemplary operational flow of communication between interactive devices involving a message directed to a specific device of the environment.
• FIG. 6 is an exemplary operational flow of communication between interactive devices involving a request and a response to the request.
• FIG. 7 is an exemplary operational flow of rule acquisition of an interactive device.
• FIG. 8 is an exemplary operational flow of rule acquisition of an interactive device involving learning by a device receiving a state change after a state change of another device.
• FIG. 9 is an exemplary operational flow of rule acquisition of an interactive device involving learning by a device receiving a state change before a state change of another device.
• FIG. 10 is an exemplary operational flow of rule acquisition of an interactive device involving a request for rules to a device and a subsequent response.
• FIG. 11 is an exemplary operational flow of content control among interactive devices.
• FIG. 12 is an exemplary operational flow of media rights sharing among interactive devices.
• FIG. 13 is a diagram of a device environment that illustrates the complexity that occurs in relation to interactivity among an increasing number of devices.
• FIG. 14 is a diagram of a device environment including an embodiment of an aggregator that also illustrates the major components of the aggregator.
• FIG. 15 is a diagram of an embodiment of an aggregator illustrating the components for translating among multiple communication transports.
• FIG. 16 is an exemplary operational flow of device interaction involving an aggregator.
• FIG. 17 is an exemplary operational flow of device interaction involving an aggregator that learns interaction rules and translates among multiple communication transports.
• FIG. 18 is a diagram of a device environment interacting with notification devices interfaced with a user.
• FIG. 19 is an exemplary operational flow of interaction from a device environment to a remote notification device through a remote communication transport.
• FIG. 20 is an exemplary operational flow of interaction from a remote notification device to a device environment through a remote communication transport.
• FIG. 21 is a diagram of an embodiment of a device for providing a display of information about a device environment.
• FIG. 22 is an exemplary screenshot of the device ofFIG. 21 that illustrates a device menu and a learn mode menu.
• FIG. 23 is an exemplary screenshot of the device ofFIG. 21 that illustrates a learn mode allowing the user to select function representations on the screen to associate functions of devices.
• FIG. 24 is an exemplary screenshot of the device ofFIG. 21 that illustrates a learn mode allowing the user to select functions on devices that are to be associated.
• FIG. 25 is an exemplary screenshot of the device ofFIG. 21 that illustrates a rule display mode for visually conveying the stored rules to a user.
• FIG. 26 is an exemplary operational flow of a learn mode where the user selects functions on the devices that are to be associated.
• FIG. 27 is an exemplary operational flow of a device information display mode.
• FIG. 28 is an exemplary operational flow of a learn mode where the user selects function representations on a display screen to associate functions of devices.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• Interaction among devices of an environment permit the devices to perform automatic changes of state without requiring the user to individually control each device. Through recognition of patterns of user behavior, interactive devices can associate the various user driven events from one device to the next to effectively create interaction rules. Application of these interaction rules allow the devices to implement the state changes automatically through communication of events between the devices.
• A device environment is shown inFIG. 1 and is representative of a small area such as within a single household. However, a device environment may expand beyond a single area through networking of devices among various areas. Thissimplified device environment100 shows three devices for exemplary purposes, but any number of devices may be present within a givenenvironment100. The devices of theenvironment100 are devices that customarily appear within the particular type of environment. For example, in a household the devices would include but not be limited to typical household devices such as a television, VCR, DVD, stereo, toaster, microwave oven, stove, oven, washing machine, dryer, and telephone. These devices are adapted to become interactive as is discussed below.
• Each device communicates with the other devices of theenvironment100 in this example. Afirst device102 communicates with asecond device104 through abi-directional communication path108. Thefirst device102 communicates with athird device106 through abi-directional communication path110, and thesecond device104 communicates with thethird device106 through abi-directional communication path112. The communication paths may be wired, wireless, or optical connections and may utilize any of the well-known physical transmission methods for communicating among devices in a relatively small relationship to one another.
• The communication method used between two devices makes up a communication transport. For example, two devices may utilize the Bluetooth transport, standard infrared transport where line of sight is maintained, a UHF or VHF transport, and/or many others. Networked areas forming an environment can utilize LAN technology such as Ethernet, WAN technology such as frame relay, and the Internet. Multiple transports may be present in any single environment. As discussed below with reference toFIGS. 15 and 17, a particular device such as an aggregator may be equipped to translate messages from one communication transport to another. Aggregators are discussed generally and in more detail below.
• The details of thedevices102,104, and106 are shown in more detail inFIG. 2. Aninteractive device200 includes aprocessor206 that communicates with various resources through adata bus214. Theprocessor206 may execute software stored in amemory208 or may utilize hardwired digital logic to perform logical operations discussed below to bring about the device interaction. Theprocessor206 communicates with thememory208 to apply interaction rules that govern the communications. Interaction rules specify when a particular communication should occur, the recipients of the communication, and the information to be conveyed through the communication.Memory208 may include electronic storage such as RAM and ROM, and/or magnetic or optical storage as well.
• Theprocessor206 communicates with atransmitter212 and areceiver210 to physically communicate with the other devices of the environment. The transmitter and receiver pairs discussed herein for the various embodiments may be separate or incorporated as a transceiver. When an interaction rule specifies that a communication fromdevice200 should occur, theprocessor206 controls thetransmitter212 to cause it to send a message. The message may take various forms discussed below depending upon the intended recipients. Thereceiver210 receives messages directed to thedevice200. The communications among devices may be configured so that each device to receive a message has identification data included in the message so that theprocessor206 determines whether a message is relevant to thedevice200 based on whether particular identification data is present.
• Alternatively, other schemes may be used to communicate wherein a physical parameter of thereceiver210 controls whether adevice200 receives the message as one intended for it to be received. Examples of such physical parameters include the particular frequency at which a signal is transmitted, a particular time slot during which the message is transmitted, or the particular type of communication transport being used. The transmitter and receiver may be of various forms such as a modem, an Ethernet network card, a wireless transmitter and receiver, and/or any combination of the various forms.
• Theprocessor206 also interacts with the intended functionality of thedevice200. Thedevice200 includescomponents202 that provide the unique function of thedevice200. If thedevice200 is atelevision214, then thecomponents202 include the circuitry necessary to provide the television function. One skilled in the art will recognize that theprocessor206 can be separate and distinct from the processing capabilities of thecomponents202 or alternatively, may be wholly or in-part incorporated into the processing capabilities of thecomponents202. Thecomponents202 of many devices have digital logic such as an on-board processor of atelevision214,CD player216,stereo system218,dryer220, ortelephone222.
• Theprocessor206 can control the operations of the components to cause state changes of thedevice200. For example, theprocessor206 can cause the channel to change on the television or cause the oven to preheat to a particular temperature. Thus, theprocessor206 can reference interaction rules stored inmemory208 in relation to communications received throughreceiver210 to determine whether a state change is necessary or can receive state change instructions throughreceiver210 and implement the requested state change.
• Additionally, thedevice200 includes asensor204 for providing state change information to theprocessor206 about thedevice200. Thesensor204 may be either a physical sensor such as a transducer for detecting motion or a thermocouple for detecting temperature, or thesensor204 may be a logical sensor. The logical sensor may be a programmed function ofprocessor206 or the processor ofcomponents202 or may be hardwired logic. A logical sensor may be separate and distinct from theprocessor206 and/or the digital logic ofcomponents202 and communicate through thebus214, or it may be incorporated wholly or in part in either theprocessor206 of the processor of thecomponents202. Thelogical sensor204 acts as an interface to the digital logic of thecomponents202 for detecting the logical state of a component, such as a particular input that is active on a stereo, or a particular channel being displayed on a television.
• Theprocessor206 receives input from thesensor204 to determine a current state of thecomponents202 and thereby determine when a change of state of thedevice200 occurs. As discussed below, changes of state are used to learn interaction rules and implement the rules once they have been learned. Implementing interaction rules involves controlling changes of state atdevice200 and/or transmitting change of state information aboutdevice200 to other devices or transmitting change of state instructions to other devices.
• FIG. 3 shows the basic operational flow of theprocessor206 for implementing device interaction to send a communication fromdevice200. A state change is detected at thedevice200 as described above at detectoperation302 by thesensor204. The state change may be a user driven event, such as a user turning the power on for the television, or an automatically occurring event such as an oven reaching a preheat temperature.
• After detecting the change of state, theprocessor206 references the rules of device interaction stored in thememory208 to determine whether a communication is necessary, who should receive the communication, and the particular information to include atrule operation304. Theprocessor206 performs a look-up of the state change that has been detected to find the interaction rule that is appropriate. Theprocessor206 then communicates according to the appropriate interaction rule by sending a message throughtransmitter212 at communicateoperation306.
• FIG. 4 shows an operational flow of a specific type of communication where adevice200 publishes its state change to all devices via a broadcast so that all devices receive the message. A broadcast to all devices is useful when devices are attempting to learn interaction rules by observing state change events occurring within thedevice environment100 during a small interval of time.
• The operational flow begins at detectoperation402 where theprocessor206 realizes thatsensor204 has detected a change of state atdevice200. Theprocessor206 then determines that a broadcast is appropriate at determineoperation404. Theprocessor206 may make this determination by referencing the rules of interaction to determine whether a broadcast is indicated. If learn modes are provided for the devices, as discussed below, then theprocessor206 may recognize that it is operating within a learn mode where broadcasts of state change are required.
• Once it is determined that a broadcast to all devices is appropriate, theprocessor206 causes the broadcast to occur by triggering thetransmitter212 to send the message to all devices of the environment atbroadcast operation406. As discussed above, messages may be addressed to specific devices by manipulation of a transmission frequency, a time slot of the transmission, or by including recipient identification data in the transmission. The message contains an identification of thedevice200 and the particular state change that has been detected.
• The devices of the environment receive the message at receiveoperation408. In this exemplary embodiment shown, the devices make a determination as to whether a reply is necessary at determineoperation410. Such a determination may be made by the devices by referencing their own interaction rules or determining that a learn mode is being implemented and a reply is necessary because they have also detected their own state change recently. When a reply is necessary, the one or more devices of the environment send a reply message addressed to thedevice200 atsend operation412, and thedevice200 receives the message throughreceiver210 at receiveoperation414.
• FIG. 5 shows an operational flow where a message is directed to a specific device of the environment from thedevice200. Theprocessor206 recognizes that thesensor204 has detected a change of state of thedevice200 at detectoperation502. Theprocessor206 then determines from the interaction rules that a second device is associated with the state change at determineoperation504. The second device may be a subscriber, which is a device that has noticed through a learning operation that it is related to thefirst device200 through a particular state change event and that the first device should provide it an indication when the particular state change event occurs. Once it has been determined who should receive a message, theprocessor206 triggers thetransmitter212 to direct a message to the second device atsend operation506, and the message includes a notification of the state change of thefirst device200.
• Theprocessor206 may employ additional logic when directing the message to the second device. Theprocessor206 may detect from the interaction rules inmemory208 whether the second device should change state in response to the detected change of state of thefirst device200 atquery operation508. If so, then theprocessor206 includes an instruction in the message to the second device at message operation510 that specifies the change of state that should be automatically performed by the second device.
• FIG. 6 shows an operational flow where a request is made and a response is thereafter provided. At detectoperation602, theprocessor206 recognizes that thesensor204 has detected a change of state of thedevice200. Theprocessor206 then determines that a second device is associated with the state of change at determineoperation604. In this case, theprocessor206 recognizes that a request to the second device is necessary, such as by reference to the interaction rules or due to some other reason such as a particular learn mode being implemented.
• Theprocessor206 triggers thetransmitter212 to direct a request message to the second device atsend operation606. The request message can specify that the second device is to respond by transmitting particular data that the second device currently possesses in memory to thedevice200. The second device receives the request message at receiveoperation608. The second device prepares a response by obtaining the required information from its memory, sensor, or components. Such information includes interaction rules, its current state, its current capabilities, or those who have subscribed to it for state change events. Once the information is obtained, the second device sends the response including the information to thefirst device200 atsend operation612.
• FIG. 7 is an operational flow of a learning process of thedevice200. Thedevice200 may learn interaction rules that it obeys by observing activity in the environment in relation to its own state changes. Because the device may automatically learn interaction rules rather than requiring that they be manually programmed, a burden on the user is lessened. The operational flow begins by observing the environment to detect a state change message atobservation operation702. The state change message may originate from another device of the environment and is received through thetransmitter210. State changes of thedevice200 that is learning the rule are also detected through itssensor204.
• After detecting state change messages, theprocessor206 learns the rule at learnoperation704 by associating together state changes that have occurred over a small interval of time. For example, a user may turn on one device and then shortly thereafter manipulate another device, and these two state changes are observed and associated as a rule. Particular methods of learning are discussed in more detail below with reference toFIGS. 8 and 9. Theprocessor206 stores the rule in thememory208 where it can be referenced for subsequent determinations of whether state changes should occur automatically. The rules are applied from thememory208 atapplication operation706.
• FIG. 8 shows the logical operations where the device whose state changes later in time learns the interaction rule. The operations begin at detectoperation802 where a first device detects a change of state through its state sensor. The first device determines that a broadcast is appropriate and sends the broadcast of the state change to all devices of the environment atbroadcast operation804. All devices receive the broadcast at receiveoperation806.
• After receiving the broadcast, each device of the environment monitors for its own state change. A second device that received the broadcast detects its state change at detectoperation808 within a predetermined period of time from when the broadcast was received. The second device then creates the interaction rule by associating the state change of the first device with the state change of the second device atrule operation810. The rule is stored in the memory of the second device so that the processor can apply the rule thereafter.
• Atapplication operation812, the second device receives the state change message from the first device and then applies the interaction rule that has been learned to automatically change its state accordingly. The second device applies the interaction rule by looking up the state change of the first device in its memory to see if there is an association with any state changes of the second device. The previously learned rule specifies the state change of the second device, and the second device automatically changes state without requiring the user to manually request the change.
• As an example of this method of learning, the user may turn on the VCR which sends a broadcast of the state change. The user shortly thereafter tunes the TV tochannel 3 to watch the VCR signal. The TV has received the broadcast from the VCR prior to the user tuning tochannel 3, and therefore, the TV associates the tuning to channel 3 with the VCR being powered on to learn the interaction rule. Thereafter, when the user turns on the VCR, the TV automatically tunes tochannel 3.
• FIG. 9 shows an alternative method of learning where the first device to have a change of state learns the interaction rule. The logical operations begin at detectoperation902 where a first device detects its own change of state. In response to the change of state, the first device then begins monitoring for incoming state change messages atmonitor operation904. Subsequently, a second device receives a change of state at detectoperation906 and broadcasts the change of state message to all devices atbroadcast operation908. The broadcast is effectively a request that any device previously experiencing a state change add the second device to its subscriber list.
• While monitoring, the first device receives the change of state message from the second device at receiveoperation910. Because this message was received within a predetermined amount of time from when the first device detected its own change of state, the first device creates an interaction rule atrule operation912. The first device creates the interaction rule by adding the second device and state change to its subscriber list that is associated with its state change. Subsequently, the first device detects its state change at detectoperation914 and then directs a message to the second device atmessage operation916 in accordance with the interaction rule learned by the first device.
• The message to the second device provides notification that the second device should perform a particular state change. Once the message is received at the second device, the message is interpreted, and the second device automatically performs the appropriate state change with no input from the user atstate operation918. As an example of this method of learning, the user turns on the VCR which begins to monitor for a state change broadcast. The user tunes the television tochannel 3 shortly thereafter, and the television broadcasts the state change. The VCR receives the broadcast and associates the TV tochannel 3 state change with its power on state change. After the rule is created and when the user powers on the VCR, the VCR executes the rule by sending a message with instruction to the TV. The TV implements the instruction to automatically tune tochannel 3.
• FIG. 10 shows another alternative learning method. For this method, it is assumed that a device already has one or more interaction rules. The logical operations begin atsend operation1002 where a first device sends a request to a second device. The request is for the interaction rules stored by the second device. The rules of the second device may be relevant to the first device for various reasons such as because the first device is involved in the interaction rules of the second device or because the first device is acting as an aggregator that controls interaction of the environment. The details of the aggregator are discussed in more detail below.
• After the first device has sent the request, the second device receives the request at receiveoperation1004. The second device then retrieves its interaction rules from memory atrule operation1006. The second device then sends a reply message to the first device atsend operation1008 that includes the interaction rules of the second device. The first device receives the reply message with the rules at receiveoperation1010 and stores the rules in memory atrule operation1012. Thereafter, the first device can apply the rules stored in memory to control state changes upon user driven events atapplication operation1014.
• Device interaction also permits additional functionality among the devices of an environment such as the control of media content to be played within the environment and the control of device settings dependent upon the particular media being played.FIG. 11 shows the logical operations of device interaction involving a device, such as an aggregator, that is in charge of the content control and/or content settings for a device environment. For example, a user may set up a parental control at one device, and the one device then becomes the instigator of content control for other media playback devices of the environment. Also, where digital rights are required for playback, the instigator of content control may manage those digital rights to prevent unauthorized playback.
• The logical operations begin atcontent operation1102 where a first device is attempting to play media. Here, the first device obtains content information included within the media, such as recognizing the title of a CD or DVD that is about to be played. Obtaining the content information applies for devices that support multiple media formats, such as a DVD player obtaining content information from DVDs or audio CDs during playback. Then, atquery operation1104, the first device detects whether it has its own content rules. If so, then the first device detects whether the content is playable by comparing the content information to the associated content rules. At least two checks may be done at this point, one for content ratings and one for content rights. Content ratings are limits on the ratings of media that can be played, such as no content worse than a PG rated movie or no content with a particular type such as excessive adult language. Content rights are digital rights for playback authorization that prevent copyright or license infringement.
• If the content is not playable, then the first device stops playback atstop operation1112. If the content is playable, then two options may occur depending upon whether the first device is configured to obey content rules from a device environment in addition to its own content rules. For example, the first device for media playback may be portable and may easily be taken to other device environments that impose more stringent restrictions on media content than the first device imposes on itself. Atquery operation1107, the first devices detects whether it is configured to obey content rules of the environment in addition to its own content rules. If the first device is configured to obey only its own content rules, then the first device begins normal playback of the media atplayback operation1108. The first device may reference content rules at this point atsettings operation1110 to determine whether the content being played back has an associated preferred setting or setting limitation. For example, a user may have configured a rule that a particular movie is to be played back at a preferred volume setting or that the volume for playback cannot exceed a particular setting. The first device implements the preferred setting or limitation during playback.
• If the first device is configured to obey its own content rules as well as the content rules of any environment where it is placed, then after determining that the media content is playable according to its own rules, operational flow transitions fromquery operation1107 to sendoperation1114. Additionally, ifquery operation1104 detects that the first device does not have an applicable content rule, then operational flow transitions directly to sendoperation1114.
• At sendoperation1114, the first device transmits a message having the content information previously obtained to a second device that maintains content rules for the current environment where the first device is located. The second device receives the message with the content information and compares the content information to the stored content rules atrule operation1116. The comparison to the content rules again involves content ratings and/or rights, settings, and/or setting limitations. The details of this comparison are also shown inFIG. 11.
• The comparison begins atquery operation1126 where the second device detects whether the content is playable in relation to the content rules. The content rules may specify a maximum rating and/or whether digital rights exist for the content being played. Other limitations may also be specified in the content rules for comparison to the content information, such as a limitation on adult language present in the content that is indicated by the content information. If the content is not playable, then the comparison indicates that a stop instruction should be sent atstop operation1130. If the content is playable, then the comparison indicates that a play instruction should be sent along with any associated settings or setting limitations atplayback operation1128.
• Once the comparison is complete, the second device directs a message to the first device atsend operation1118, and the message instructs the first device according to the stop instruction or playback instruction resulting from the previous comparison to the content rules. The first device receives the message and interprets the instruction at receiveoperation1120. The first device then implements the received instruction to either stop playing the media content or begin playback with any specified settings or limitations atimplementation operation1122.
• As an option, the first device may then create a content rule that associates the instruction with the content information atrule operation1124 if the first device does not already have a local content rule. By creating the rule at the first device, the first device will atquery operation1104 detect that a content rule exists on subsequent attempts to play the same content. The first device will then handle its own content control without requiring communication with the second device.
• The second device may obtain content rules through various methods. For example, the second device may receive a message from a third device at receiveoperation1132, and the message specifies a content rule. A user may have selected a content rule at the third device for media playback, and the third device then provides the rule to the second device as an automatic function or in response to a request for content rules from the second device. The second device creates the content rule by storing it in memory atrule operation1134.
• During playback, the first device periodically repeats the comparison to environmental content rules atrule operation1125, as was initially done atrule operation1116. Thisoperation1126 is done periodically because if the first device is portable it may change locations after the start of playback. In that case, if the playback was initially permissible but later becomes impermissible because the first device enters a more restrictive device environment, then playback stops as indicated atstop operation1130.
• FIG. 12 shows logical operations demonstrating the borrowing of media rights of a content rule from a device, such as an aggregator, that maintains the content rules. The logical operations begin by a first device sending a request to borrow media rights to a second device that maintains the media rights atsend operation1202. For example, the first device may be an MP3 player and the request is for permission to play a particular song or volume of songs.
• The second device receives the request and determines if the media rights to the content exist at receiveoperation1204. If so, and they are not flagged as borrowed, then the second device sends the media rights to the first device to allow the first device to play the content atsend operation1206. The media rights are then flagged as borrowed at the second device atflag operation1208. Subsequently, when a third device requests authorization for media playback from the second device for the same content atsend operation1210, the second device then checks the media rights attest operation1212 and detects the flag. The second device then sends a stop instruction to the third device atsend operation1214 to prevent the third device from playing the content because the first device already has rights to it.
• These logical operations could also be adapted to provide a count for the media rights so that more than one device can access the media rights for playback of content if multiple rights are owned for the content. Each time the media rights are borrowed by a device, the count of media rights is decremented. Once the count reaches zero, stop instructions are sent to the devices subsequently attempting playback. Furthermore, there can be a similar device exchange to unflag the digital rights or increment the count to restore capability of other devices to subsequently borrow the digital rights to media content.
• The device interactions discussed above including general interaction to bring about states changes, interactive learning of interaction rules, and interactive content control become increasingly complicated as the number of devices in the environment increase. As shown inFIG. 13, when the number of devices of anenvironment1300 grows to six, the number of bi-directional communication paths grows to fifteen to ensure that every device can communicate directly with every other device. Each device uses five bi-directional paths (afirst device1302 usespaths1314,1316,1318,1320, and1322; asecond device1304 usespaths1314,1324,1326,1328, and1330; a third device1306 usespaths1316,1324,1332,1334, and1336; afourth device1308 usespaths1318,1326,1332,1338, and1340; afifth device1310 usespaths1320,1328,1334,1338, and1342; and asixth device1312 usespaths1322,1330,1336,1340, and1342).
• The complexity in coordinating the communications and interactions in such acrowded environment1300 may result in inadequate bandwidth for the communication channels, cross-talk between the channels, and incompatible transports between devices. Furthermore, unintended rules may be learned because one or more of the devices may be unrelated to the others. For example, one person may answer the telephone shortly before another person starts the clothing dryer. There was no intended relationship but the phone or the dryer may associate the two state changes as an interaction rule, which the users never intended.
• Anaggregator1402 as shown inFIG. 14 may be introduced into acrowded environment1400 to alleviate one or more of the concerns. As shown inFIG. 14, anaggregator1402 can be used to reduce the number of bi-directional communications paths. For the six device environment, the aggregator has reduced the number of paths down to six (device1414 usespath1426,device1416 usespath1428,device1418 usespath1430,device1420 usespath1432,device1422 usespath1434, anddevice1424 uses path1436). Theaggregator1402 acts as a conduit of communication from one device to another, and may also be configured to control or otherwise manage functions of a single device.
• Theaggregator1402 uses atransmitter1408 andreceiver1406 capable of communicating with the multiple devices. Thetransmitter1408 andreceiver1406 may be configured to receive from all devices using various techniques known in the art. For example, frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing, optical multiplexing, and other multiplexing techniques may be used for aparticular environment1400 so that multiple devices can communicate with theaggregator1402.
• Theaggregator1402 also has aprocessor1404 and amemory1410. Theprocessor1404 communicates with thetransmitter1408,receiver1406, andmemory1410 through abus1412. Theaggregator1402 may be incorporated into a particular device of the environment as well so that the aggregator includes the additional device features such as components and a state sensor discussed in relation toFIG. 2. The logical operations of an aggregator such as shown inFIG. 14 are discussed below.
• Theprocessor1404 of the aggregator may be configured to perform various advanced functions for the device environment. Theprocessor1404 may be configured to perform periodic review of interaction rules to edit rules that are inappropriate for various reasons. For example,memory1410 may contain a list of impermissible associations that theprocessor1404 may refer to when reviewing interaction rules. If an impermissible association is found the, communication link that causes the problem may be excised from the rule. Additionally, theprocessor1404 may be configured to entirely remove interaction rules that are inappropriate.
• Theprocessor1404 may also be configured to support complex interaction rules. For example, devices may be separated into classes so that actions of one device may only affect devices within the same class. Theprocessor1404 may reference such class rules inmemory1410 to filter out faulty rules that might otherwise be learned, such as those where devices of different classes are involved. Furthermore, theprocessor1404 may be configured to develop rules based on conditional logic or interactive logic, and perform multiple activities of a rule in series or in parallel.
• As an example of conditional logic being employed, a rule may specify that a phone ringing means the volume should be decreased for several different devices but only if they are actively playing content. Then when the phone hangs up, the volume should be increased but only for those devices whose volume was decreased by the phone ringing. An example of interactive logic provides that the front porch lights should be turned on at 6 p.m. and off at 12 a.m. everyday.
• An example of serial execution of interaction rules with multiple activities provides that when a light on a computer desk is turned on, the computer is then turned on, and after that the monitor is turned on followed by the computer speakers being turned on. An example of parallel execution of interaction rules with multiple activities provides that when a person is exiting a room, all devices of the room are powered off simultaneously.
• FIG. 15 illustrates an embodiment of anaggregator1502 that is additionally configured to translate among different communication transports of thedevice environment1500.Device1518 may communicate throughsignals1524 of a first communication transport whiledevice1522 communicates throughsignals1522 of a second communication transport. For example, the first communication transport may be Ethernet while the second communication transport is fiber optical. The communication transports may differ in the physical mode of transferring signals (e.g., Ethernet versus fiber optical) and/or in the logical mode (a first data encoding scheme versus a second).
• Theaggregator1502 includes a first transmitter1508 andreceiver1506, separate or combined as a transceiver, for communicating across the first communication transport. The aggregator may also include asecond transmitter1512 andreceiver1510, separate or combined as a transceiver, for communicating across the second communication transport where the second communication transport differs in the physical mode of transport. Aprocessor1504 communicates withmemory1514 and the two transmitter-receiver pairs through abus1516. Although two transmitter-receiver pairs are shown for two communication transports, one skilled in the art will recognize that any number of transmitter-receiver pairs and communication transports may be utilized, including only one, depending upon the different number of physical transports to support within the device environment.
• Theprocessor1504 detects from the messages being received where communications should be directed. This includes determining whether the messages should be translated to a new communication transport when sending the message to the intended device. Theprocessor1504 may perform the same logical operations of the processor ofaggregator1402 with the addition of translation operations from one transport to another where necessary.
• FIG. 16 shows the basic logical operations of an aggregator. The logical operations begin when a first device transmits a message to the aggregator atsend operation1602. The first device may send a message to the aggregator that is intended as a broadcast to all devices, as a message directed to a specific device, or as a message intended solely for the aggregator. The aggregator receives the message at receiveoperation1604.
• The aggregator then references interaction rules that it maintains in memory in relation to the message it has received atrule operation1606. For example, the environment may be configured so that the devices maintain no interaction rules other than to direct a message for every state change to the aggregator and rely solely on the interaction rules of the aggregator to bring about subsequent activity in the environment. The environment may alternatively be configured where the devices maintain interaction rules and provide instruction to the aggregator with each message, so that the aggregator acts upon the instruction to bring about subsequent activity.
• After the aggregator has received the message and referred to the interaction rules in relation to the message, the aggregator communicates with devices of the environment in accordance with the interaction rules and any received instruction from the first device atcommunication operation1608. For example, the aggregator may possess the interaction rule that when the VCR is on, the TV should be tuned tochannel 3. When the aggregator receives a power on message from the VCR, the aggregator then sends an instruction to the TV to tune tochannel 3. Alternatively, the power on message may instruct the aggregator to send an instruction to the TV to tune inchannel 3.
• FIG. 17 shows the logical operations of an embodiment of an aggregator, such as theaggregator1502 ofFIG. 15. The logical operations begin at detectoperation1702 where the first device detects its own state change. The first device then sends a message to the aggregator atsend operation1704. The aggregator receives the message atreceiver operation1706 and references its interaction rules atrule operation1708 in relation to the received message indicating the state change.
• The aggregator tests whether to switch communication transports atquery operation1710 by referencing its interaction rules. The interaction rules specify how to communicate with each device. The aggregator learns the one or more devices to communicate with in response to the message from the first device by either looking up the state change of the first device in the interaction rules to find associations or by interpreting an instruction from the first device included in the message. After determining the proper device to communicate with, the aggregator can look up the device in memory to determine which communication transport to employ.
• Once the aggregator has determined which transport to use for the next communication, the message from the first device or a new message from the aggregator is prepared by translating to the second communication transport appropriate for the next communication at translateoperation1712. Where only the logical mode of communication transport differs, a second communication transport may not be needed. Furthermore, the aggregator may act as a conduit where no change in the physical or logical mode of transport should occur. As an example of where a change in transport does occur, the aggregator may receive a message from the VCR via infrared airwave signals and then prepare a message to the TV to be sent via a fiber optical connection. The aggregator sends the message to the second device atsend operation1714. The second message may instruct the second device that the first device has changed state if the second device has its own interaction rules, or the message may provide a specific instruction to the second device.
• After receiving the message, the second device implements any instruction or automatic state change dictated by its own interaction rules. The second device may respond to the aggregator if necessary atsend operation1716. The return message may be an indication to the aggregator of the state change that the second device has performed or may be a reply to a request from the aggregator such as for current state, capabilities, or rules. The aggregator again references its interaction rules atrule operation1718 to determine the next action after receiving the message from the second device. The aggregator then communicates with other devices of the environment as necessary at communicateoperation1720.
• The logical operations for the aggregator learning the interaction rules being applied are also shown inFIG. 17. Several possibilities exist for learning rules at the aggregator. A user interface discussed below may be provided so that a user enters interaction rules atuser operation1722. The aggregator may observe closely occurring state change broadcasts that are associated as interaction rules atobservation operation1724, as was discussed above for learning with individual devices. The aggregator may request that a particular device forward its interaction rules to the aggregator where they can be stored and implemented atrequest operation1726.
• After receiving the interaction rule in one of the various ways, the aggregator stores the interaction rule atrule operation1728. When state change messages are received at the aggregator and the aggregator references the interaction rules such as atrule operation1708, the aggregator compares information in the message to the stored rules atcomparison operation1730. Through the comparison, the aggregator determines the appropriate action to take to complete communication to other devices.
• Device interaction within the device environment allows the burden on the user to be lessened while the user is present within or absent from the environment. However, under certain scenarios the user is absent but needs to remain in contact with the device environment. For example, the user may need to know when the oven is finished cooking so the user can return home, or the user may need to delay the oven from automatically preheating at a certain time because the user will be late. Therefore, for these scenarios the device environment needs to communicate remotely with the user.
• FIG. 18 shows one illustrative case of device communication where the messages extend beyond a closely defined area, such as a single room or household, to an external or broader area. The external area includes any destination reachable via a communications network. Thus, in this illustrative case, the device environment is not defined by proximity but by explicit definition by the user. Such explicit definition may be provided by the user in many ways, such as through a listing stored in memory that describes the devices and their address where they may be accessed through communication networks including the Internet, wireless communication network, and landline telephone network. Thus, as used herein, device environment should be understood to include both environments defined by proximity as well as explicitly defined environments.
• Additionally,FIG. 18 shows an illustrative case of device communication where notification messages are passed between a notification device that is interfaced with the user and devices of the environment not otherwise interfaced with the same user. Thus, messages may be passed to the user from devices of the environment and from the user to the devices without the user interacting directly with those devices that send or receive the message. Such notification devices may be external, as discussed above, in that they are not part of the device environment through proximity but by explicit definition by the user, or the notification devices may be in close proximity and be included in the device environment on that basis.
• Adevice1802 such as an aggregator for sending notifications to the notification device of the user and/or for communicating to both devices defined by proximity and external devices is present in theenvironment1800. Thedevice1802 includes at least onetransmitter1814 andreceiver1812 for communicating with proximity baseddevices1818 in theenvironment1800 over acommunication transport1820. Thedevice1802 of includes amemory1806 that stores interaction rules and aprocessor1804 for executing the functions of thedevice1802. Theprocessor1804 communicates through thebus1816. Thememory1806 may also store translation rules in the embodiment where communication with notification devices is supported.
• Thedevice1802 of this embodiment also includes at least onetransmitter1810 andreceiver1808 that communicate through aremote communications transport1828 to external devices. Theremote communications transport1828 may take various forms such as aconventional telephone network1822 including acentral office1826. The remote communications medium may additionally or alternatively involve awireless network1824 for mobile telephones or for pagers.
• Communication can be established between thedevice1802 and a remotely locatedtelephone1830,computer1832, orwireless communication device1834 such as a mobile phone or pager which is explicitly defined inmemory1806 as being part of the device environment. Thedevice1802 can relay information between itself or other proximity based devices of theenvironment1800 and the remotely located communication devices.
• In the embodiment where notification devices are supported, the user can remain in contact with thedevice environment1800 by communicating through the notification devices that are either external, such as devices1830-1834, or are proximity based, such asdevice1836. For example, thedevice1802 may send short messages to amobile phone1834 or to a proximity basedportable communication device1836 if the user is in proximity. Thedevice1802 may provide machine speech or text that can be interpreted by the user as a notification of a state of the environment. Similarly, the user may send machine tones, speech, or text back to thedevice1802 that can be interpreted by thedevice1802 as an instruction for the environment.
• For example, to implement the notification process theprocessor1804 may recognize a set of voice commands, tones, or text and translate those into instructions for various devices by referencing translation rules to interpret the instruction. Theprocessor1804 may then reference interaction rules to communicate the instruction to the appropriate device based on identification received in the message from the remote device. Likewise, theprocessor1804 may choose from a set of machine voice commands, tones, or text to communicate messages from the environment back to the user when the interaction rules indicate that the remote device should be contacted.
• FIG. 19 shows the logical operations for communication from the device environment to the notification device1830-1834 or1836. The logical operations begin at detectoperation1902 where a first device of the environment detects its own state change. The first device itself or a dedicated device for remote communications such as an aggregator may then reference rules for interaction to determine whether a notification communication is necessary based on the state change atrule operation1904. For example, if the previously discussed content control device detects that unacceptable content playback is being attempted, a notification may be provided to thenotification device1836 or1830-1834.
• The interaction rules may provide a hierarchy of communication with notification devices, or for other non-notification devices as well, so that a particular state change may require that communications cycle through a list of devices until a response is received or the list is exhausted. At detectoperation1914, the appropriate device of the environment determines from the interaction rules the order of communication that should occur. For example, a particular state change may require that a page be left with the user followed by a call to a mobile phone if there is no response to the page within a certain amount of time.
• The logical operations ofFIG. 19 assume that the notification device is an external device that is explicitly defined by the user. Thus, after determining the one or more notification devices to contact, the device of the environment references translation rules atrule operation1906 to determine how to convey the message to the remotely located notification device that should be contacted. The translation rules are typically specified by the user directly atinput operation1916. Through a user interface, the user can specify the hierarchy and the particular translation rules to use. For example, the user can specify that a pager is contacted by dialing a specific telephone number over the ordinary telephone network, and that a text message should be left upon an answer. Rules may also include constraints such as the range of time when a particular notification device should be contacted.
• The device of the environment executes the interaction rule and translation rule to communicate remotely to a second device (i.e., a notification device) atcommunication operation1908. As one exemplary option where a hierarchy is employed, the device tests whether the second device has responded atquery operation1910. If so, then the logical operations return to await the next state change requiring remote communications. If not, then the device of the environment communicates remotely to a third device (i.e., a different notification device) as specified in the hierarchy atcommunication operation1912 again with reference to the interaction and translation rules. Cycling through the devices of the hierarchy continues untilquery operation1910 detects a response or the list is exhausted.
• Another exemplary option is to communicate with one or more notification devices without regard to a hierarchy. After the device of the environment has provided a communication to the second notification device, then a communication is automatically provided to the third notification device atcommunication operation1912. This continues for as many remote devices as specified in the interaction rules.
• FIG. 20 shows the logical operations for communications from the notification device back to the device environment. At sendoperation2002, the notification device directs a message to a first device of the environment that completes notification communications. For example, where the notification device is external to the proximity defined device environment, the first device may maintain a connection to a telephone line, and the user dials the number for the line to contact the first device. The first device answers the call and awaits data signals from the remote notification device. The remote notification device then provides the message by the user speaking or using dialing tones.
• The first device receives the message at receiveoperation2004 and translates the message for transport to a second device of the environment at translateoperation2006. The first device may translate the message by referencing translation rules to convert the message into a form usable by the second device and by referencing interaction rules to determine that the second device should be contacted. For example, according to the translation rules, an initial “1” tone from the remote device may indicate that the oven should be contacted, and a subsequent “2” tone from the remote device may indicate that the oven should cancel any automatic preheating for the day.
• Thus, translateoperation2006 involves determining the second device to communicate with through detecting an ID of the second device from the message of the remote device atID operation2020. In the example above, the ID of the oven is an initial “1” tone. The first device receives the “1” tone and references a “1” tone in the interaction rules to determine that a message should be sent to the oven. The first device receives the “2” tone and, knowing that the message is for the oven, references a “2” tone for the oven in the translation rules to determine that a cancel preheat message to the oven is necessary. The message is communicated from the first device to the second device atcommunication operation2008.
• The second device receives the message and implements the instruction atimplementation operation2010. For the example above, the oven receives a message instructing it to cancel its pre-programmed preheat operation for the day, and it cancels the preheat operation accordingly. As an exemplary option to the logical operations, the second device may then send a message back to the first device confirming it has implemented the instruction atsend operation2012.
• Thefirst device2014 receives the message from the second device at receiveoperation2014, and then thefirst device2014 translates the confirmation to a message that can be sent to the notification device at translateoperation2016 in the instance where the notification device is external. For example, thefirst device2014 may determine from the translation rules that it should send a pattern of tones to the telephone used to place the call to signal to the user that the oven canceled the preheat operation. Thefirst device2014 then communicates the message to the remote notification device over the remote communication transport atcommunication operation2018 to complete the notification communications.
• The user may be provided a user interface to interact directly with devices of the environment such as the aggregator. As discussed above, the user may program interaction rules, translation rules, and hierarchies for remote communication through the user interface. Additionally, the user may review information about the device environment through the user interface, such as current states of devices and existing interaction rules and translation rules of the environment.
• FIG. 21 shows the major components of anexemplary device2102 establishing a user interface for the device environment. Theuser interface2102 may be a separate device or may be incorporated into a device of the environment such as an aggregator. Theuser interface2102 includes aprocessor2104 for implementing logical operations of the user interface. Theprocessor2104 communicates with amemory2106 and adisplay adapter2108 through abus2110. Theprocessor2104 references the rules stored for the environment in thememory2106 to provide information to the user on adisplay screen2112 driven by thedisplay adapter2108.
• Theuser interface2102 may provide several mechanisms for receiving user input. As shown, atouchscreen2112 is provided so that the user can make selections and enter information by touching thescreen2112 that displays selectable items such as text or icons. One skilled in the art will recognize that other user input devices are equally suitable, such as but not limited to a keyboard and mouse.
• Several exemplary screenshots of the user interface are shown inFIGS. 22-25. The screenshots demonstrate a graphical user interface that is icon based. However, other forms of a user interface onscreen2112 are also suitable, such as a text-based user interface. Furthermore, many variations on the graphical user interface shown are possible.
• FIG. 22 shows ascreenshot2200 that contains icons that form representations of the devices present within the environment. As shown, six devices are present within the environment and thescreenshot2200 includes a television representation2202, aVCR representation2204, amicrowave representation2206, a stove/oven representation2208, awasher representation2210, and adryer representation2212. Also included in thescreenshot2200 are arule button2214, a firstlearn mode button2216, and a secondlearn mode button2218.
• Fromscreenshot2200, the user may make a selection of a device representation to learn information about the device such as its current state. The logical operations of viewing device information are discussed inFIG. 27. The selection may also be used to send an instruction to the device to immediately bring about a state change as may be done with an ordinary remote control. The user may select therule button2214 to view interaction or translation rules already stored and being executed for the environment. An example of viewing existing rules is discussed in more detail with reference toFIG. 25.
• The user may also make a selection of the firstlearn mode button2216 to program an interaction or translation rule by interacting with device representations and function representations for the device. The first learn mode is discussed in more detail with reference toFIG. 23 and the logical operations ofFIG. 28. Additionally, the user may make a selection of the secondlearn mode button2218 to program an interaction rule by interacting with the device itself. The second learn mode is discussed in more detail with reference toFIG. 24 and the logical operations ofFIG. 26.
• FIG. 23 shows ascreenshot2300 after a user has selected the TV representation2202 from theinitial screenshot2200. Thescreenshot2300 shows the device representation or icon2302 and the associated function representations or icons for the functions of the TV present in the environment. The function representations includechannel selection representation2304,volume selection representation2306,mute representation2308,power representation2312, and signalinput representation2310. The user makes a selection of a particular function representation to be associated in an interaction rule and then selects another function representation of the TV or another device to complete the rule.
• As described above, the user may select a power on representation for the VCR and then select thechannel selection representation2304 to indicate achannel 3 for the TV. The interaction rule is created as a result so that whenever the VCR is powered on, the TV automatically tunes tochannel 3. The interaction rule may be programmed to include additional associations as well, such as setting theTV volume representation2306 to a particular volume setting as well once the VCR is powered on. Likewise, rules may be specified for a single device, such as for example specifying that when the TV is turned on, the volume of the TV should automatically be set to a particular level.
• The logical operations for the first learn mode are shown inFIG. 28. The logical operations begin by the user interface displaying the device representations atdisplay operation2802. A user selection of a first device selection is selected atinput operation2804. The function representations of the first device are displayed on the screen for the first device atdisplay operation2806. A user selection of a function representation for the first device is received atinput operation2808.
• The device selections are redisplayed and the user selects a second device representation atinput operation2810. The function representations of the second device are displayed atdisplay operation2812. A user selection of a second device selection for the second device is received atinput operation2814. The function representation selected for the first device is associated with the function representation for the second device to create the interaction rule atrule operation2816.
• FIG. 24 shows ascreenshot2400 that is displayed after a user selects the secondlearn mode button2218. Thescreenshot2400 includes abutton2402 that is a choice to learn a first portion of the interaction rule. The user presses thebutton2402 and then selects the first function on the first device itself within the environment. In response to the first device providing a message about its resulting state change, the selected function is displayed infield2404.
• The user then presses thebutton2406 that is a choice to learn a second portion of the interaction rule. The user selects the second function on the second device itself, and in response to the second device providing a message about its state change, the selected function is displayed infield2408. The interaction rule is created by associating the function shown in thefirst display field2404 with the function shown in thesecond display field2408. In the example shown, the rule that results is if the VCR is powered on (a first received state change message), then the TV tunes to channel 3 (a second received state change message).
• The development of the rule may continue as well. The user may press thebutton2410 that is a choice to learn a third portion of the interaction rule. The user selects the third function on the third device itself, and in response to the third device providing a message about its state change, the selected function is displayed in filed2412. In the example shown, the rule that results is if the VCR is powered on, then the TV tunes tochannel 3 and then the VCR begins to play. Additionally, as discussed above in relation to advanced interaction rules of the aggregator, the user may specify viabuttons2414,2416 whether the execution of the multiple step interaction rule should be performed in parallel or serial fashion. If in parallel, then turning the VCR on causes messages to be simultaneously instructing the TV to tune tochannel 3 and the VCR to begin playing simultaneously. If in series, then the TV is instructed to turn on prior to the VCR being instructed to play.
• The logical operations of an example of the second learn mode are shown inFIG. 26. The logical operations begin atchoice operation2602 where the first choice is provided to the user for selection to initiate learning of the first portion of the interaction rule. The user selects the first choice, which is received atinput operation2604. The user then selects the first function on the first device itself atinput operation2606. A state change message from the first device is received at the device creating the rule at receiveoperation2608, and the message indicates the function the user selected. The function description is stored in memory.
• The second choice is provided to the user for selection to initiate learning of the second portion of the interaction rule atchoice operation2610. The user then selects the choice atinput operation2612 to initiate learning of the second portion of the interaction rule. The user then selects the second function representation on the second device atinput operation2614. A state change message is received from the second device at the device creating the rule at receiveoperation2616, and the message indicates the function the user selected. The function description is stored in memory. Once the two function descriptions are known by the device creating the rule, the first function description is associated with the second function description atrule operation2618 to create the reaction rule.
• FIG. 25 shows ascreenshot2500 that results from the user selecting therule button2214 and a selection of a device that is involved in the rule. For example, the user may select the TV representation2202 to view an interaction rule involving the TV present in the device environment. ATV representation2502 is displayed and is connected to afunction representation2504 that indicates that the TV is being tuned tochannel 3. AVCR representation2506 is displayed and is connected to afunction representation2508 that indicates that the VCR is being powered on.
• Aconnector2510 is shown connecting theVCR function representation2508 to theTV function representation2504. As shown, theconnector2510 is directional as an arrowhead points to theTV function representation2504 to indicate that the TV function results from the VCR function. The corresponding interaction rule provides the association of VCR on toTV channel 3 only to automatically control the TV in response to the VCR but not the other way around. Thus, when the TV is tuned to channel 3 by the user, the VCR does not automatically turn on because the interaction rule is learned as a directional association.
• Other interaction rules may involve a connector that is not directional so that the association is absolute rather than directional. For example, it may be preferred that the VCR automatically turn on when the TV is tuned tochannel 3 and that the TV automatically tune tochannel 3 when the VCR is turned on. Such an interaction rule would be absolute rather than directional, and theconnector2510 would lack an arrowhead or alternatively have arrowheads pointing in both directions. One skilled in the art will recognize that other visual connectors besides arrowheads and lines are suitable as well.
• To view information about a specific device in the environment, the user may select the device representation from thescreenshot2200 ofFIG. 22. A screenshot such as thescreenshot2300 ofFIG. 23 will be displayed. Along side each function representation, the value for that function may be displayed to inform the user of the current state of the device. For example, a 3 may appear next to thechannel representation2304 while a checkmark appears next to themute representation2308 to indicate that the TV is currently tuned tochannel 3 but is muted.
• The logical operations for obtaining information about a device through the device interface are shown inFIG. 27. The logical operations begin by displaying a choice of device representations atdisplay operation2702. A user selection of a device representation is received atinput operation2704 to select a first device. A message is then sent from the user interface, such as an aggregator, to the first device selected by the user atsend operation2706. The message includes a request for information, such as the current status, from the first device.
• The first device receives the request for information at receiveoperation2708. The first device then directs a reply back to the user interface atsend operation2710. The reply is a response to the request for information and includes the current status information of the first device. The user interface device receives the reply from the first device at receiveoperation2712, and then the user interface displays the current status information on the screen atdisplay operation2714.
• Various embodiments of devices and logical operations have been discussed above in relation to communications between devices, automatic and manual learning of interaction rules, content control, aggregator functions, remote communications, and a user interface. Although these embodiments of devices and logical operations may be combined into a robust system of device interaction, it should be noted that various devices and logical operations described above may exist in conjunction with or independently of others.
• Although the present invention has been described in connection with various exemplary embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that many modifications can be made thereto within the scope of the claims that follow. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the invention in any way be limited by the above description, but instead be determined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.

Claims (20)

1. An aggregator device comprising a processor configured to:

receive a request for access to media content originating via an electronic device;

determine whether the electronic device is permitted to play the media content based on one or more content rules;

in response to determining the electronic device is permitted to play the media content based on the one or more content rules, transmit a message to the electronic device enabling playback of the media content; and

in response to determining the electronic device is not permitted to play the media content based on the one or more content rules, refrain from transmitting the message to the electronic device.

2. The aggregator device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more content rules comprise a number of devices that are permitted to simultaneously access the media content.

3. The aggregator device ofclaim 2, wherein the processor is configured to prevent the first electronic device from accessing the media content upon determining that a number of electronic devices currently accessing the media content is greater than or equal to a second number of electronic devices that are permitted simultaneous access to the media content.

4. The aggregator device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more content rules comprise media content access rights based upon a selectively changeable indication between a single owned access right and a multiple owned access right.

5. The aggregator device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more content rules comprise a content rating permitted for access by the electronic device.

6. The aggregator device ofclaim 1, wherein the processor is configured to revoke access to the media content based on the electronic device changing location.

7. The aggregator device ofclaim 1, wherein the media content comprises audio content.

8. The aggregator device ofclaim 1, wherein the processor is configured to send a message to the electronic device to prevent the electronic device from playing the media content in response to determining that electronic device is not permitted play the media content based on the one or more content rules.

9. The aggregator device ofclaim 1, wherein the electronic device comprises a speaker.

10. The aggregator device ofclaim 9, wherein the request for access to the media content is based on a voice command of a user of the electronic device.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a processor to:

receive a request for access to media content originating via an electronic device;

determine whether the electronic device is permitted to play the media content based on one or more content rules;

in response to determining the electronic device is permitted to play the media content based on the one or more content rules, transmit a message to the electronic device enabling playback of the media content; and

in response to determining the electronic device is not permitted to play the media content based on the one or more content rules, refrain from transmitting the message to the electronic device.

12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 11, wherein:

the one or more rules comprise a number of media rights to the media content; and

the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to determine whether the electronic device is permitted to play the media content based on whether a number of devices currently permitted access to the media content is less than or equal to the number of media rights.

13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 12, wherein, while the electronic device has access to the media content, the instructions, when executed, cause the processor enable simultaneous access to the media content for a plurality of electronic devices up to a maximum number of electronic devices specified by the one or more content rules.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 11, wherein, after the electronic device has been permitted access to the media content, the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to determine whether the electronic device is playing the media content.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the processor to:

receive a second request from a second electronic device for access to the media content; and

enable the second electronic device to access the media content based on determining the electronic device is not playing the media content.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 11, wherein the request for access to the media content is based on a voice command of a user of the electronic device.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium ofclaim 16, wherein the electronic device comprises a speaker.

18. An aggregator device, comprising:

a processor configured to:

receive a request for access to media content originating via an electronic device;

determine whether the electronic device is permitted to play the media content based on media rights associated with the media content; and

in response to determining the electronic device is permitted to play the media content based on the media rights, enable playback of the media content at the electronic device.

19. The aggregator device ofclaim 18, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the electronic device is permitted to play the media content based on the media rights by determining whether the media content is being played back by another electronic device.

20. The aggregator device ofclaim 19, wherein the processor is configured to prevent playback of the media content at the electronic device based on determining that the media content is being played back by the other electronic device when the media rights are indicative of a single electronic device playback right.

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