FIELD OF THE DISCLOSUREThe present disclosure relates to integrated circuit (IC) modules for electronic devices, and more particularly to double-sided IC modules for radio frequency (RF) applications.
BACKGROUNDMany electronic devices include multiple components, including integrated circuit (IC) modules. Such components are often mounted to circuit boards in order to provide various functionalities. Traditional IC modules include a substrate on which multiple IC components (e.g., semiconductor dice) are mounted. As electronic devices have become smaller, demand for more compact IC modules has increased.
One solution to forming compact electronic devices has been to form double-sided IC modules. A double-sided IC module mounts IC components to both of a top side and a bottom side of the module's substrate. However, electronic devices continue to drive further reductions in IC module size.
SUMMARYThe present disclosure relates to a double-sided integrated circuit (IC) module having an exposed semiconductor die. The double-sided IC module includes a module substrate with a top side and a bottom side. Electronic components are mounted to each of the top side and the bottom side. Generally, the electronic components are encapsulated by a mold compound. In an exemplary aspect, a portion of the mold compound on the bottom side is removed, exposing a semiconductor die surface of at least one of the electronic components.
Exposing the semiconductor die reduces an overall thickness of the double-sided IC module. In addition, exposing the semiconductor die can provide additional advantages, such as by providing a surface to which a heat exchange device can be coupled (e.g., to transfer heat away from the semiconductor die). In other examples, electrical, magnetic, or other connections can be formed between the semiconductor die and other electronic components through the exposed surface.
In an exemplary aspect, a radio frequency (RF) module is provided. The RF module includes a module substrate defining a top side and a bottom side. A plurality of electronic components is coupled to the top side and a semiconductor die coupled to the bottom side. The RF module also includes a first mold compound coupled to the semiconductor die and exposing a surface of the semiconductor die.
Another exemplary aspect relates to a method for assembling a RF module. The method includes the operations of coupling an electronic component to a top side of a module substrate and coupling a semiconductor die to a bottom side of the module substrate. The method also includes encapsulating the semiconductor die in a mold compound such that the mold compound at least partially surrounds the semiconductor die and removing a portion of the mold compound to expose a surface of the semiconductor die.
Another exemplary aspect relates to an electronic device. The electronic device includes a circuit board on which a plurality of electronic components is mounted and an IC module coupled to the circuit board. The IC module includes a module substrate having a top side and a bottom side adjacent the circuit board. The IC module also includes a first electronic component coupled to the top side and a second electronic component coupled to the bottom side. The IC module also includes a mold compound at least partially surrounding the second electronic component and exposing a surface of the second electronic component.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the present disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in association with the accompanying drawing figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURESThe accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 illustrates an electronic device, which includes an integrated circuit (IC) module coupled to a circuit board.
FIG. 2 illustrates the electronic device ofFIG. 1 having a portion of the first mold compound on a bottom side of the IC module removed, exposing a semiconductor die surface of at least one bottom electronic component.
FIG. 3A illustrates an exemplary bottom view of the IC module ofFIG. 2 prior to encapsulating the bottom electronic components in the first mold compound.
FIG. 3B illustrates another exemplary bottom view of the IC module ofFIG. 2 with the bottom electronic components encapsulated in the first mold compound.
FIG. 3C illustrates another exemplary bottom view of the IC module ofFIG. 2 after a portion of the first mold compound is removed to expose the semiconductor die surface.
FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary electronic device as inFIG. 2, having a device mounted to the exposed semiconductor die surface.
FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary electronic device as inFIG. 2, having another device mounted to the exposed semiconductor die surface.
FIG. 4C illustrates an exemplary electronic device as inFIG. 2, having another device mounted to the exposed semiconductor die surface.
FIG. 4D illustrates an exemplary electronic device as inFIG. 2, having a connection formed between the exposed semiconductor die surface and the circuit board.
FIG. 4E illustrates an exemplary electronic device as inFIG. 2, having another connection formed between the exposed semiconductor die surface and the circuit board.
FIG. 4F illustrates an exemplary electronic device as inFIG. 2, having variations in its components.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThe embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” or extending “onto” another element, it can be directly on or extend directly onto the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or extending “directly onto” another element, there are no intervening elements present. Likewise, it will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being “over” or extending “over” another element, it can be directly over or extend directly over the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly over” or extending “directly over” another element, there are no intervening elements present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
Relative terms such as “below” or “above” or “upper” or “lower” or “horizontal” or “vertical” may be used herein to describe a relationship of one element, layer, or region to another element, layer, or region as illustrated in the Figures. It will be understood that these terms and those discussed above are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including” when used herein specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The present disclosure relates to a double-sided integrated circuit (IC) module having an exposed semiconductor die. The double-sided IC module includes a module substrate with a top side and a bottom side. Electronic components are mounted to each of the top side and the bottom side. Generally, the electronic components are encapsulated by a mold compound. In an exemplary aspect, a portion of the mold compound on the bottom side is removed, exposing a semiconductor die surface of at least one of the electronic components.
Exposing the semiconductor die reduces an overall thickness of the double-sided IC module. In addition, exposing the semiconductor die can provide additional advantages, such as by providing a surface to which a heat exchange device can be coupled (e.g., to transfer heat away from the semiconductor die). In other examples, electrical, magnetic, or other connections can be formed between the semiconductor die and other electronic components through the exposed surface.
In this regard,FIG. 1 illustrates anelectronic device10, which includes anIC module12 coupled to acircuit board14. For the purpose of this illustration, theIC module12 is a shielded double-sided IC module, which includes amodule substrate16, a first topelectronic component18, a second topelectronic component20, a third topelectronic component22, a first bottomelectronic component24, and a second bottomelectronic component26. Each of the bottomelectronic components24,26 is encapsulated by afirst mold compound28, and each of the topelectronic components18,20,22 is encapsulated by asecond mold compound30. As depicted, a shieldingstructure32 can at least partially surround theIC module12, andmodule contacts34 couple theIC module12 to thecircuit board14.
In further detail, the first bottomelectronic component24, the second bottomelectronic component26, and themodule contacts34 are attached to abottom side36 of themodule substrate16. In different applications, theIC module12 may include fewer or more bottomelectronic components24,26. Each of the bottomelectronic components24,26 may be a flip-chip die, a wire-bonding die, a surface mounted device (SMD), an inductor, or other active or passive component. In an exemplary aspect, at least one of the bottomelectronic components24,26 includes a semiconductor die.
Themodule contacts34 are conductive and may be solder bumps or copper pillars forming an electrical connection with the circuit board14 (e.g., connecting the topelectronic components18,20,22 and/or the bottomelectronic components24,26 to other devices mounted on the circuit board14). Each of themodule contacts34 can be used for grounded signals or non-grounded signals, and at least some of themodule contacts34 may be electrically isolated fromother module contacts34. Thefirst mold compound28 resides over thebottom side36 of themodule substrate16 and encapsulates the first bottomelectronic component24 and the second bottomelectronic component26. Eachmodule contact34 is taller than the bottomelectronic components24,26 and exposed through thefirst mold compound28. Thefirst mold compound28 may be an organic epoxy resin or similar material. In an exemplary aspect, thefirst mold compound28 is a 20 micron (μm) top cut material.
The first topelectronic component18 and the second topelectronic component20 are attached to atop side38 of themodule substrate16. In different applications, theIC module12 may include fewer or more topelectronic components18,20. Each of the first topelectronic component18 and the second topelectronic component20 may be a flip-chip die, a wire-bonding die, a SMD, an inductor, or other active or passive component. Thesecond mold compound30 resides over thetop side38 of themodule substrate16 and encapsulates the first topelectronic component18 and the second topelectronic component20. Thesecond mold compound30 may be formed from a same or different material as thefirst mold compound28.
As shown inFIG. 1, atop surface40 of theIC module12 is defined by a top surface of the second mold compound30 (e.g., a surface opposite the module substrate16). Aside surface42 of theIC module12 is defined by a side surface of thesecond mold compound30, a side surface of themodule substrate16, and a side surface of thefirst mold compound28. The shielding structure32 (e.g., shield layer) entirely covers thetop surface40 of theIC module12 and entirely or almost entirely covers theside surface42 of theIC module12. The shieldingstructure32 does not cover a bottom side of theIC module12, which couples to thecircuit board14. Herein and hereafter, entirely covering a surface refers to covering at least 99% of the surface, while almost entirely covering a surface refers to covering at least 90% of the surface.
The shieldingstructure32 can include a single layer of material, or it can include multiple layers of the same or different materials. For example, an interior layer (e.g., covering thetop surface40 and theside surface42 of the IC module12) may be formed of copper, aluminum, silver, gold, or other conductive materials with a thickness between 3 μm and 16 μm. An exterior layer may reside over the interior layer, and may be formed of nickel with a thickness between 1 μm and 3 μm.
Further, themodule substrate16 may be a laminate having a number oflayers44. Theselayers44 of themodule substrate16 may include prepreg material. Themodule substrate16 can also includeconductive elements46 and viastructures48, which may be formed of an appropriate conductive material. Generally, theconductive elements46 and the viastructures48 form electrical connections between one or more of theelectronic components18,20,22,24,26 and thecircuit board14.
In an exemplary aspect, shown inFIG. 2, a portion of thefirst mold compound28 on a bottom side of theIC module12 is removed, exposing asemiconductor die surface50,52 of at least one of the bottomelectronic components24,26. In some cases, the exposed semiconductor diesurface50,52 is a bottom surface of the bottomelectronic component24,26 facing opposite themodule substrate16. Thus abottom surface54 of theIC module12 is defined by the semiconductor die surface(s)50,52 and a bottom surface of thefirst mold compound28. In some examples, one of the semiconductor die surfaces50,52 is exposed (e.g., the semiconductor diesurface50,52 further below the module substrate16), while in other examples two or more semiconductor diesurfaces50,52 are exposed.
In detail, theIC module12 may be a radio frequency (RF) module, providing processing, signal conditioning, controls, and/or similar functions for RF signals of theelectronic device10. Accordingly, the topelectronic components18,20,22 and bottomelectronic components24,26 of theRF module12 may be configured for RF operation. Each of theelectronic components18,20,22,24,26 and themodule contacts34 are mounted to themodule substrate16 through an appropriate technique. For example, the first topelectronic component18 and the third topelectronic component22 are each a SMD which is mounted by solder, reflow, an adhesive, or similar technique. The second topelectronic component20, the first bottomelectronic component24, and the second bottomelectronic component26 are each a semiconductor die (e.g., a flip-chip die or a wire-bonding die) mounted to themodule substrate16 through a set of solder bumps56 or similar conductive elements (e.g., through a reflow process). It should be understood that the mounting of theelectronic components18,20,22,24,26 is shown for illustrative purposes, and each component may be mounted differently in different applications.
Thefirst mold compound28 is applied over thebottom side36 of themodule substrate16 to encapsulate each bottomelectronic component24,26 as depicted inFIG. 1, and removed to expose at least one semiconductor diesurface50,52 as depicted inFIG. 2. Thefirst mold compound28 may be applied by various procedures, such as sheet molding, overmolding, compression molding, transfer molding, dam fill encapsulation, or screen print encapsulation. In an exemplary aspect, if there is space between thebottom side36 of themodule substrate16 and a bottomelectronic component24,26, thefirst mold compound28 fills the space. A curing process hardens thefirst mold compound28.
Similarly, thesecond mold compound30 is applied over thetop side38 of themodule substrate16 to encapsulate each topelectronic component18,20,22. Thesecond mold compound30 may be the same or a different material as thefirst mold compound28, and may be applied through the same or a different technique. In some cases, both thefirst mold compound28 and thesecond mold compound30 are applied in a same process, and in other cases thefirst mold compound28 and thesecond mold compound30 are applied in separate processes.
By removing a portion of thefirst mold compound28 to expose at least one semiconductor diesurface50,52, a height H of themodule contacts34 can be reduced. In addition, an overall thickness T of theIC module12 is reduced. In an exemplary aspect, a thickness of each bottomelectronic component24,26 is between 40 μm and 150 μm thick, and a thickness of the first mold compound28 (e.g., a distance between thebottom surface54 of theIC module12 and thebottom side36 of the module substrate16) is between 80 μm and 200 μm. In addition, the height H of themodule contacts34 is between 100 and 300 μm prior to attachment to thecircuit board14.
The process of exposing the semiconductor diesurface50,52 is further illustrated inFIGS. 3A-3C. In addition, exposing the semiconductor diesurface50,52 can provide additional advantages, such as by providing a surface for coupling a device to the bottomelectronic component24,26 or by facilitating connections between the bottomelectronic component24,26 and thecircuit board14, as discussed further with respect toFIGS. 4A-4E. It should be understood that variations in components of theIC module12 are contemplated, as depicted inFIG. 4F.
FIGS. 3A-3C provide exemplary steps that illustrate a process to fabricate theIC module12 shown inFIG. 2 having the exposed semiconductor diesurface50,52. Although the exemplary steps are illustrated in a series, the exemplary steps are not necessarily order dependent. Some steps may be done in a different order than that presented. Further, processes within the scope of this disclosure may include fewer or more steps than those illustrated inFIGS. 3A-3C.FIG. 3A illustrates an exemplary bottom view of theIC module12 ofFIG. 2 prior to encapsulating the bottomelectronic components24,26 in thefirst mold compound28.FIG. 3B illustrates another exemplary bottom view of theIC module12 ofFIG. 2 with the bottomelectronic components24,26 encapsulated in thefirst mold compound28.FIG. 3C illustrates another exemplary bottom view of theIC module12 ofFIG. 2 after a portion of themold compound28 is removed to expose the semiconductor diesurface50,52.
The first bottomelectronic component24, the second bottomelectronic component26, and themodule contacts34 are attached at thebottom side36 of themodule substrate16 as depicted inFIG. 3A. In different applications, there may be more or fewer bottomelectronic components24,26 or more orfewer module contacts34 attached to themodule substrate16. Somemodule contacts34 may be used for grounded signals, and may be electrically isolated fromother module contacts34 which are used for non-grounded signals. Herein, themodule contacts34 are taller than the first bottomelectronic component24 and the second bottomelectronic component26.
After the first bottomelectronic component24, the second bottomelectronic component26, and themodule contacts34 are attached, thefirst mold compound28 is applied to theIC module12 as depicted inFIG. 3B. Thefirst mold compound28 resides over thebottom side36 of themodule substrate16 to encapsulate each bottomelectronic component24,26 and eachmodule contact34. In some examples, the bottomelectronic components24,26 and themodule contacts34 are entirely encapsulated, and in other embodiments, themodule contacts34 are only partially encapsulated. As described above, thefirst mold compound28 may be applied by various procedures. In an exemplary aspect, thefirst mold compound28 is overmolded. A curing process hardens thefirst mold compound28.
After thefirst mold compound28 is applied and cured, a portion of thefirst mold compound28 is removed to expose the at least one semiconductor diesurface50,52 of the bottomelectronic components24,26 as depicted inFIG. 3C. The removal of the portion of thefirst mold compound28 may be done with a mechanical grinding process, a chemical removal process, a laser ablation, or other appropriate technique. After the removal process, thebottom surface54 of theIC module12 is defined by the semiconductor die surface(s)50,52 and a bottom surface of thefirst mold compound28. In some applications, thebottom surface54 is a common plane at and around the semiconductor die surface(s)50,52.
Exposure of the semiconductor diesurface50,52 can provide additional advantages, such as by providing a surface for coupling a device to one or more of the bottomelectronic components24,26 as depicted inFIGS. 4A-4C. The exposed semiconductor diesurface50,52 can also facilitate connections between at least one of the bottomelectronic components24,26 and thecircuit board14, as depicted inFIGS. 4D and 4E. Variations in the components of theIC module12 are contemplated, such as depicted inFIG. 4F.
FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplaryelectronic device10 as inFIG. 2, having a device mounted to the exposed semiconductor diesurface50,52. In some examples, one or more of the bottomelectronic components24,26 may benefit from direct heat transfer, such as heat dissipation. In such examples, aheat exchanger58 may be coupled to the exposed semiconductor die surface(s)50,52 of the bottom electronic component(s)24,26. This can improve the performance of the bottom electronic component(s)24,26 and/or prevent damage to the bottom electronic component(s)24,26 during operation. Theheat exchanger58 may be mounted to the bottom electronic component(s)24,26 and/or thefirst mold compound28 through an adhesive material (e.g., a thermal adhesive) or another appropriate technique.
In other examples, one or more of the bottomelectronic components24,26 may include a sensor (e.g., a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and so on) or other device, as depicted inFIGS. 4B and 4C. In an exemplary aspect, a separate sensor substrate60 (e.g., a conductive material, an optical material, and so on) can be coupled to each bottomelectronic component24,26 including a sensor as depicted inFIG. 4B. In another aspect, thesensor substrate60 can be coupled to more than one bottomelectronic component24,26 as depicted inFIG. 4C. Thesensor substrate60 can facilitate operation of the sensor. In some examples, thesensor substrate60 may be omitted and the sensor in the bottomelectronic component24,26 can perform its operations directly.
FIG. 4D illustrates an exemplaryelectronic device10 as inFIG. 2, having a connection formed between the exposed semiconductor diesurface50,52 and thecircuit board14. In some examples, aconductive pad62 is coupled to the semiconductor diesurface50,52 and a correspondingconductive pad64 is coupled to thecircuit board14. Theconductive pad62 and/or the correspondingconductive pad64 can be an exposed or insulated trace, pad, coil, or another shape. Theconductive pad62 and the correspondingconductive pad64 can exchange signals and/or power through an indirect electromagnetic technique, such as inducing electrical signals through electrical, magnetic, capacitive, or inductive techniques. In some examples, theconductive pad62 can be included within the bottomelectronic component24,26 rather than coupled to the semiconductor diesurface50,52.
In other examples, a direct electrical connection may be formed between one or more of the bottomelectronic components24,26 and thecircuit board14 through the exposed semiconductor diesurface50,52 as illustrated inFIG. 4E. For example, one ormore conductors66 can be coupled between the semiconductor diesurface50,52 and thecircuit board14. Theconductors66 can be deposited on or coupled to each of the semiconductor diesurface50,52 and thecircuit board14 through soldering, an adhesive (e.g., a conductive adhesive), vapor deposition, printing, and similar techniques. Theconductors66 can facilitate an exchange of power and/or signals between the bottom electronic component(s)24,26 and one or more devices coupled to the circuit board14 (not shown).
Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.
For example,FIG. 4F illustrates an exemplaryelectronic device10 as inFIG. 2, having variations in its components. In particular, theIC module12 may includemodules contacts34a,34bhaving different shapes. For example, one or more of themodule contacts34amay have a substantially planar surface attached to thebottom side36 of themodule substrate16. In other examples, one or more of themodule contacts34bmay include a notched or otherwise irregular surface attached to thebottom side36 of themodule substrate16. As described above, themodule contacts34a,34bmay be solder bumps or copper pillars forming an electrical connection with thecircuit board14. The surfaces of themodule contacts34a,34battached to thebottom side36 of themodule substrate16 may be machined, molded, or otherwise formed as depicted inFIG. 4F. It should be understood that other variations and modifications of theIC module12 and its components are also contemplated herein.