US20190391658A1 - Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Forgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture - Google Patents

Abstract

An electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface: detects, on the touch-sensitive surface, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold. In response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, the device generates a tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts different from the first number, the device forgoes generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/608,926, filed Jan. 29, 2015, which is continuation of PCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069479, filed on Nov. 11, 2013, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,239, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/747,278, filed Dec. 29, 2012, which applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
• This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,092, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting Object within a Group of Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,125, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Navigating User Interface Hierarchies;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,156, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Manipulating Framed Graphical Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,179, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Scrolling Nested Regions;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,171, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Additional Information in Response to a User Contact;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,191, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,211, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Facilitating User Interaction with Controls in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,284, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Tactile Feedback for Operations Performed in a User Interface;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,287, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Providing Feedback for Changing Activation States of a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,363, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,367, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving a User Interface Object Based on an Intensity of a Press Input;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,265, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning between Display States in Response to a Gesture;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,373, filed on Mar. 12, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Managing Activation of a Control Based on Contact Intensity;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,412, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying Content Associated with a Corresponding Affordance;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,413, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Selecting User Interface Objects;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,414, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Moving and Dropping a User Interface Object;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,416, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Determining Whether to Scroll or Select Content;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/778,418, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Switching between User Interfaces,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
• This application is also related to the following: U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/645,033, filed on May 9, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/665,603, filed on Jun. 28, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices;” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/681,098, filed on Aug. 8, 2012, entitled “Adaptive Haptic Feedback for Electronic Devices,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELD
• This relates generally to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces, including but not limited to electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces that detect inputs for manipulating user interfaces.
BACKGROUND
• The use of touch-sensitive surfaces as input devices for computers and other electronic computing devices has increased significantly in recent years. Exemplary touch-sensitive surfaces include touch pads and touch screen displays. Such surfaces are widely used to manipulate user interface objects on a display.
• Exemplary manipulations include adjusting the position and/or size of one or more user interface objects or activating buttons or opening files/applications represented by user interface objects, as well as associating metadata with one or more user interface objects or otherwise manipulating user interfaces. Exemplary user interface objects include digital images, video, text, icons, control elements such as buttons and other graphics. A user will, in some circumstances, need to perform such manipulations on user interface objects in a file management program (e.g., Finder from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), an image management application (e.g., Aperture or iPhoto from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a digital content (e.g., videos and music) management application (e.g., iTunes from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a drawing application, a presentation application (e.g., Keynote from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a word processing application (e.g., Pages from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a website creation application (e.g., iWeb from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), a disk authoring application (e.g., iDVD from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.), or a spreadsheet application (e.g., Numbers from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.).
• But existing methods for performing these manipulations are cumbersome and inefficient. In addition, existing methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices.
SUMMARY
• Accordingly, there is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for manipulating user interfaces. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
• The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for electronic devices with touch-sensitive surfaces are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed devices. In some embodiments, the device is a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the device is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the device has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch screen display”). In some embodiments, the device has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, website creating, disk authoring, spreadsheet making, game playing, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.
• There is a need for electronic devices with more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface.
• In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying, on the display, a plurality of user interface objects, where each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions. The method further includes, detecting movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of a focus selector over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects. The method further includes, in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
• In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display one or more user interface objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive user contacts; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of a plurality of user interface objects on the display unit, where each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions; and detect movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of a focus selector over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, generate tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generate tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
• Thus, electronic devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a subdivision of a user interface object, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a subdivision of a user interface object.
• There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object, for example, to more efficiently differentiate feedback corresponding to a selection event from feedback corresponding to an activation event. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
• In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface, where the contact corresponds to a focus selector on the display. The method further includes: detecting a gesture based on input from the contact. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a respective user interface object without activating the respective user interface object, generating a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, generating a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to activation of the respective user interface object, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
• In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display one or more user interface objects; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive user contacts; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of one or more user interface objects on the display unit; detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit, where the contact corresponds to a focus selector on the display unit; and detect a gesture based on input from the contact. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a respective user interface object without activating the respective user interface object, generating a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, generating a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to activation of the respective user interface object, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
• Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object.
• There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
• In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes displaying an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region on the display, where the control region includes a plurality of affordances for performing operations on content in the content region and the content region displays content that includes one or more affordances integrated into the content. The method further includes detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The method further includes detecting a gesture that includes movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of a focus selector on the display across the application window. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a first affordance in the control region, generating a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the control region; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a second affordance in the content region, generating a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the content region, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
• In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured display an application window; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive user contacts; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: enable display of an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region on the display, where: the control region includes a plurality of affordances for performing operations on content in the content region; and the content region displays content that includes one or more affordances integrated into the content. The processing unit is further configured to detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is further configured to detect a gesture that includes movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to movement of a focus selector on the display across the application window. The processor unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a first affordance in the control region, generate a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the control region; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a second affordance in the content region, generate a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the content region, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
• Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object.
• There is a need for electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for adjusting a tactile output level. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
• In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: detecting a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface; in response to detecting the first plurality of inputs, providing tactile feedback in accordance with a tactile output level of the device; and receiving a request to adjust a volume level of the device by a respective amount. The method further includes, in response to the request to adjust the volume level: adjusting the volume level by the respective amount from a first non-zero volume level to a second non-zero volume level; and adjusting the tactile output level of the device in accordance with the respective amount.
• In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display information; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive contacts; a tactile feedback unit configured to provide tactile feedback; an audio unit configured to produce an audio signal and an audio control signal in accordance with at least a volume level; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, the tactile feedback unit, and the audio unit. The processing unit is configured to: detect a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface unit; in response to detecting the first plurality of inputs, provide tactile via the tactile feedback unit feedback in accordance with a tactile output level of the device; and receive a request to adjust a volume level of the device by a respective amount. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to the request to adjust the volume level: adjust the volume level by the respective amount; and adjust the tactile output level of the device in accordance with the respective amount.
• Thus, electronic devices with displays and touch-sensitive surfaces are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for adjusting a tactile output level.
• There is a need for electronic devices with more efficient methods and interfaces for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts (e.g., a single contact gesture) and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts (e.g., a multi-contact gesture). Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for tactile output generation. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
• In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, where the device includes one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold. The method further includes, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, generating a tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts different from the first number, forgoing generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface.
• In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display unit configured to display a graphical user interface; a touch-sensitive surface unit configured to receive contacts; one or more sensor units configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit; a tactile output unit configured to generate a tactile output; and a processing unit coupled to the display unit, the touch-sensitive surface unit, the one or more sensor units, and the tactile output unit. The processing unit is configured to detect, on the touch-sensitive surface unit, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold. The processing unit is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, generate a tactile output via the tactile output unit on the touch-sensitive surface unit; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts different from the first number, forgo generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit.
• Thus, electronic devices with displays, touch-sensitive surfaces, and one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface are provided with more efficient methods and interfaces for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts.
• In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs; the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions which when executed by an electronic device with a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, cause the device to perform the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a display, a touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface; and means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, includes means for performing the operations of any of the methods referred to in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
• FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 5A-5M illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 6A-6C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 8A-8E illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 8F-8H illustrate exemplary waveforms of movement profiles for generating tactile outputs in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 11E-11G illustrate exemplary waveforms of movement profiles for generating tactile outputs in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 14A-14I illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 15A-15C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 17A-17F illustrate exemplary user interfaces for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 19 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
• The methods, devices and GUIs described herein provide visual and/or haptic feedback that makes manipulation of user interface objects more efficient and intuitive for a user. For example, in a system where the clicking action of a trackpad is decoupled from the contact intensity (e.g., contact force, contact pressure, or a substitute therefore) that is needed to reach an activation threshold, the device can generate different tactile outputs (e.g., “different clicks”) for different activation events (e.g., so that clicks that accomplish a particular result are differentiated from clicks that do not produce any result or that accomplish a different result from the particular result). Additionally, tactile outputs can be generated in response to other events that are not related to increasing intensity of a contact, such as generating a tactile output (e.g., a “detent”) when a user interface object is moved to a particular position, boundary or orientation, or when an event occurs at the device.
• Additionally, in a system where a trackpad or touch-screen display is sensitive to a range of contact intensity that includes more than one or two specific intensity values (e.g., more than a simple on/off, binary intensity determination), the user interface can provide responses (e.g., visual or tactile cues) that are indicative of the intensity of the contact within the range. In some implementations, a pre-activation-threshold response and/or a post-activation-threshold response to an input are displayed as continuous animations. As one example of such a response, a preview of an operation is displayed in response to detecting an increase in contact intensity that is still below an activation threshold for performing the operation. As another example of such a response, an animation associated with an operation continues even after the activation threshold for the operation has been reached. Both of these examples provide a user with a continuous response to the force or pressure of a user's contact, which provides a user with visual and/or haptic feedback that is richer and more intuitive. More specifically, such continuous force responses give the user the experience of being able to press lightly to preview an operation and/or press deeply to push “past” or “through” a predefined user interface state corresponding to the operation.
• Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, multiple contact intensity thresholds can be monitored by the device and different functions can be mapped to different contact intensity thresholds. This serves to increase the available “gesture space” providing easy access to advanced features for users who know that increasing the intensity of a contact at or beyond a second “deep press” intensity threshold will cause the device to perform a different operation from an operation that would be performed if the intensity of the contact is between a first “activation” intensity threshold and the second “deep press” intensity threshold. An advantage of assigning additional functionality to a second “deep press” intensity threshold while maintaining familiar functionality at a first “activation” intensity threshold is that inexperienced users who are, in some circumstances, confused by the additional functionality can use the familiar functionality by just applying an intensity up to the first “activation” intensity threshold, whereas more experienced users can take advantage of the additional functionality by applying an intensity at the second “deep press” intensity threshold.
• Additionally, for a device with a touch-sensitive surface that is sensitive to a range of contact intensity, the device can provide additional functionality by allowing users to perform complex operations with a single continuous contact. For example, when selecting a group of objects, a user can move a continuous contact around the touch-sensitive surface and can press while dragging (e.g., applying an intensity greater than a “deep press” intensity threshold) to add additional elements to a selection. In this way, a user can intuitively interact with a user interface where pressing harder with a contact causes objects in the user interface to be “stickier.”
• A number of different approaches to providing an intuitive user interface on a device where a clicking action is decoupled from the force that is needed to reach an activation threshold and/or the device is sensitive to a wide range of contact intensities are described below. Using one or more of these approaches (optionally in conjunction with each other) helps to provide a user interface that intuitively provides users with additional information and functionality, thereby reducing the user's cognitive burden and improving the human-machine interface. Such improvements in the human-machine interface enable users to use the device faster and more efficiently. For battery-operated devices, these improvements conserve power and increase the time between battery charges. For ease of explanation, systems, methods and user interfaces for including illustrative examples of some of these approaches are described below, as follows:
• • methods and user interfaces described below improve upon this visual feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating that the user has scrolled over or selected a particular subdivision (e.g., individual words, letters or spaces) of the larger user interface object (e.g., a block of text)In particular,FIGS. 5A-5M illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object.FIGS. 6A-6C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The user interfaces inFIGS. 5A-5M are used to illustrate the processes inFIGS. 6A-6C.by providing different tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over a respective user interface object than when the user subsequently activates the respective user interface object. In particular,FIGS. 8A-8E illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object.FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object. The user interfaces inFIGS. 8A-8E are used to illustrate the processes inFIG. 9.Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that display application windows having separate regions for displaying content-independent affordances such as control affordances. The embodiments described below provide improved methods and user interfaces for generating feedback to a user navigating a complex user interface environment by providing different tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over an affordance displayed in a control region and an affordance displayed in a content region of an application window. In particular,FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object.FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating a method of providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The user interfaces inFIGS. 11A-11D are used to illustrate the processes inFIGS. 12A-12B.
  • Many electronic devices change output levels of sensory properties of the device in response to the enablement of a setting or mode of the device. However, there are sometimes a large number of sensory properties to adjust and adjusting output levels of these sensory properties separately can be confusing and difficult for users. The embodiments below provide a more convenient and intuitive user interface by adjusting a tactile output level of a device in tandem with an adjustment of a volume level of the device. In particular,FIGS. 14A-14I illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level.FIGS. 15A-15C are flow diagrams illustrating a method of adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level. The user interfaces inFIGS. 14A-14I are used to illustrate the processes inFIGS. 15A-15C.
  • Many electronic devices provide a form of confirmation to a user in response to an event being triggered by a user action. For example, when a user clicks on an affordance (e.g., an icon button) corresponding to respective content (e.g., an electronic document, an image, or a video), an audio output is provided via a speaker to the user to confirm that the user is clicking on the affordance. However, this confirmation or feedback can be distracting or confusing to a user when it occurs in response to inputs that do not correspond to the feedback. The embodiments described below provide a more convenient and intuitive interface by generating a tactile output in response to detecting a gesture that includes a first number of contacts (e.g., one contact) and forging generating the tactile output if the gesture includes a second number of contacts (e.g., two or more contacts). In particular,FIGS. 17A-17F illustrate exemplary user interfaces for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts.FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts. The user interfaces inFIGS. 17A-17F are used to illustrate the processes inFIG. 18.
EXEMPLARY DEVICES
• Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
• It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact.
• The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
• As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.
• Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touch pads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad).
• In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a joystick.
• The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
• The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.
• Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating portablemultifunction device100 with touch-sensitive displays112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display112 is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes known as or called a touch-sensitive display system.Device100 includes memory102 (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums),memory controller122, one or more processing units (CPU's)120, peripherals interface118,RF circuitry108,audio circuitry110,speaker111,microphone113, input/output (I/O) subsystem106, other input or control devices116, andexternal port124.Device100 optionally includes one or moreoptical sensors164.Device100 optionally includes one ormore intensity sensors165 for detecting intensity of contacts on device100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system112 of device100).Device100 optionally includes one or moretactile output generators167 for generating tactile outputs on device100 (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system112 ofdevice100 ortouchpad355 of device300). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses orsignal lines103.
• As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure).
• As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.
• It should be appreciated thatdevice100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and thatdevice100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown inFIG. 1A are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.
• Memory102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access tomemory102 by other components ofdevice100, such asCPU120 and theperipherals interface118, is, optionally, controlled bymemory controller122.
• Peripherals interface118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device toCPU120 andmemory102. The one ormore processors120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored inmemory102 to perform various functions fordevice100 and to process data.
• In some embodiments, peripherals interface118,CPU120, andmemory controller122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such aschip104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.
• RF (radio frequency)circuitry108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals.RF circuitry108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals.RF circuitry108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth.RF circuitry108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSDPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
• Audio circuitry110,speaker111, andmicrophone113 provide an audio interface between a user anddevice100.Audio circuitry110 receives audio data fromperipherals interface118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal tospeaker111.Speaker111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone113 from sound waves.Audio circuitry110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted tomemory102 and/orRF circuitry108 byperipherals interface118. In some embodiments,audio circuitry110 also includes a headset jack (e.g.,212,FIG. 2). The headset jack provides an interface betweenaudio circuitry110 and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone).
• I/O subsystem106 couples input/output peripherals ondevice100, such astouch screen112 and other input control devices116, toperipherals interface118. I/O subsystem106 optionally includesdisplay controller156,optical sensor controller158,intensity sensor controller159,haptic feedback controller161 and one ormore input controllers160 for other input or control devices. The one ormore input controllers160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices116. The other input control devices116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)160 are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,208,FIG. 2) optionally include an up/down button for volume control ofspeaker111 and/ormicrophone113. The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,206,FIG. 2).
• Touch-sensitive display112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user.Display controller156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/totouch screen112.Touch screen112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user-interface objects.
• Touch screen112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact.Touch screen112 and display controller156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) ontouch screen112 and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed ontouch screen112. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact betweentouch screen112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user.
• Touch screen112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments.Touch screen112 anddisplay controller156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact withtouch screen112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Ca.
• Touch screen112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact withtouch screen112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.
• In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen,device100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate fromtouch screen112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
• Device100 also includespower system162 for powering the various components.Power system162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.
• Device100 optionally also includes one or moreoptical sensors164.FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled tooptical sensor controller158 in I/O subsystem106.Optical sensor164 optionally includes charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors.Optical sensor164 receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module143 (also called a camera module),optical sensor164 optionally captures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back ofdevice100, oppositetouch screen display112 on the front of the device, so that the touch screen display is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user's image is, optionally, obtained for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display.
• Device100 optionally also includes one or morecontact intensity sensors165.FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled tointensity sensor controller159 in I/O subsystem106.Contact intensity sensor165 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface).Contact intensity sensor165 receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system112). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back ofdevice100, oppositetouch screen display112 which is located on the front ofdevice100.
• Device100 optionally also includes one ormore proximity sensors166.FIG. 1A showsproximity sensor166 coupled toperipherals interface118. Alternately,proximity sensor166 is coupled to inputcontroller160 in I/O subsystem106. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disablestouch screen112 when the multifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).
• Device100 optionally also includes one or moretactile output generators167.FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled tohaptic feedback controller161 in I/O subsystem106.Tactile output generator167 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device).Contact intensity sensor165 receives tactile feedback generation instructions fromhaptic feedback module133 and generates tactile outputs ondevice100 that are capable of being sensed by a user ofdevice100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system112) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device100). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back ofdevice100, oppositetouch screen display112 which is located on the front ofdevice100.
• Device100 optionally also includes one ormore accelerometers168.FIG. 1A showsaccelerometer168 coupled toperipherals interface118. Alternately,accelerometer168 is, optionally, coupled to aninput controller160 in I/O subsystem106. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers.Device100 optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) ofdevice100.
• In some embodiments, the software components stored inmemory102 includeoperating system126, communication module (or set of instructions)128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions)130, graphics module (or set of instructions)132, text input module (or set of instructions)134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)135, and applications (or sets of instructions)136. Furthermore, in someembodiments memory102 stores device/globalinternal state157, as shown inFIGS. 1A and 3. Device/globalinternal state157 includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions oftouch screen display112; sensor state, including information obtained from the device's various sensors and input control devices116; and location information concerning the device's location and/or attitude.
• Operating system126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.
• Communication module128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or moreexternal ports124 and also includes various software components for handling data received byRF circuitry108 and/orexternal port124. External port124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the30-pin connector used on iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.
• Contact/motion module130 optionally detects contact with touch screen112 (in conjunction with display controller156) and other touch sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact) determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module130 anddisplay controller156 detect contact on a touchpad.
• In some embodiments, contact/motion module130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device100). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined thresholds values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter).
• Contact/motion module130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns and intensities. Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event.
• Graphics module132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics ontouch screen112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.
• In some embodiments,graphics module132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code.Graphics module132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to displaycontroller156.
• Haptic feedback module133 includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations ondevice100 in response to user interactions withdevice100.
• Text input module134, which is, optionally, a component ofgraphics module132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g.,contacts137,e-mail140,IM141,browser147, and any other application that needs text input).
• GPS module135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone138 for use in location-based dialing, tocamera143 as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
• Applications136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
• contacts module137 (sometimes called an address book or contact list);
• telephone module138;
• video conferencing module139;
• e-mail client module140;
• instant messaging (IM)module141;
• workout support module142;
• camera module143 for still and/or video images;
• image management module144;
• browser module147;
• calendar module148;
• widget modules149, which optionally include one or more of: weather widget149-1, stocks widget149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget149-4, dictionary widget149-5, and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets149-6;
• widget creator module150 for making user-created widgets149-6;
• search module151;
• video andmusic player module152, which is, optionally, made up of a video player module and a music player module;
• notes module153;
• map module154; and/or
• online video module155.
• Examples ofother applications136 that are, optionally, stored inmemory102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156,contact module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,contacts module137 are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in applicationinternal state192 ofcontacts module137 inmemory102 or memory370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications bytelephone138,video conference139,e-mail140, orIM141; and so forth.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,audio circuitry110,speaker111,microphone113,touch screen112,display controller156,contact module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,telephone module138 are, optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers inaddress book137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,audio circuitry110,speaker111,microphone113,touch screen112,display controller156,optical sensor164,optical sensor controller158,contact module130,graphics module132,text input module134,contact list137, andtelephone module138,videoconferencing module139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156,contact module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,e-mail client module140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction withimage management module144,e-mail client module140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken withcamera module143.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156,contact module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134, theinstant messaging module141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156,contact module130,graphics module132,text input module134,GPS module135,map module154, and music player module146,workout support module142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156, optical sensor(s)164,optical sensor controller158,contact module130,graphics module132, andimage management module144,camera module143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them intomemory102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video frommemory102.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156,contact module130,graphics module132,text input module134, andcamera module143,image management module144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display system controller156,contact module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,browser module147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display system controller156,contact module130,graphics module132,text input module134,e-mail client module140, andbrowser module147,calendar module148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display system controller156,contact module130,graphics module132,text input module134, andbrowser module147,widget modules149 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget149-1, stocks widget149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget149-4, and dictionary widget149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display system controller156,contact module130,graphics module132,text input module134, andbrowser module147, thewidget creator module150 are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display system controller156,contact module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,search module151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files inmemory102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display system controller156,contact module130,graphics module132,audio circuitry110,speaker111,RF circuitry108, andbrowser module147, video andmusic player module152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., ontouch screen112 or on an external, connected display via external port124). In some embodiments,device100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156,contact module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134, notesmodule153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display system controller156,contact module130,graphics module132,text input module134,GPS module135, andbrowser module147,map module154 are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display system controller156,contact module130,graphics module132,audio circuitry110,speaker111,RF circuitry108,text input module134,e-mail client module140, andbrowser module147,online video module155 includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments,instant messaging module141, rather thane-mail client module140, is used to send a link to a particular online video.
• Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments,memory102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore,memory102 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
• In some embodiments,device100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation ofdevice100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) ondevice100 is, optionally, reduced.
• The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigatesdevice100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed ondevice100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.
• FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory102 (inFIGS. 1A) or370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter170 (e.g., in operating system126) and a respective application136-1 (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications137-151,155,380-390).
• Event sorter170 receives event information and determines the application136-1 andapplication view191 of application136-1 to which to deliver the event information.Event sorter170 includes event monitor171 andevent dispatcher module174. In some embodiments, application136-1 includes applicationinternal state192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touchsensitive display112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/globalinternal state157 is used byevent sorter170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and applicationinternal state192 is used byevent sorter170 to determineapplication views191 to which to deliver event information.
• In some embodiments, applicationinternal state192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.
• Event monitor171 receives event information fromperipherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem106 or a sensor, such asproximity sensor166, accelerometer(s)168, and/or microphone113 (through audio circuitry110). Information that peripherals interface118 receives from I/O subsystem106 includes information from touch-sensitive display112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
• In some embodiments, event monitor171 sends requests to the peripherals interface118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface118 transmits event information. In other embodiments,peripheral interface118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
• In some embodiments,event sorter170 also includes a hitview determination module172 and/or an active eventrecognizer determination module173.
• Hitview determination module172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touchsensitive display112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
• Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
• Hitview determination module172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hitview determination module172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
• Active eventrecognizer determination module173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active eventrecognizer determination module173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active eventrecognizer determination module173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.
• Event dispatcher module174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer180). In embodiments including active eventrecognizer determination module173,event dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active eventrecognizer determination module173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respectiveevent receiver module182.
• In some embodiments,operating system126 includesevent sorter170. Alternatively, application136-1 includesevent sorter170. In yet other embodiments,event sorter170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored inmemory102, such as contact/motion module130.
• In some embodiments, application136-1 includes a plurality ofevent handlers190 and one or more application views191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Eachapplication view191 of the application136-1 includes one ormore event recognizers180. Typically, arespective application view191 includes a plurality ofevent recognizers180. In other embodiments, one or more ofevent recognizers180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, arespective event handler190 includes one or more of:data updater176,object updater177,GUI updater178, and/orevent data179 received fromevent sorter170.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or callsdata updater176,object updater177 orGUI updater178 to update the applicationinternal state192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views191 includes one or morerespective event handlers190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more ofdata updater176,object updater177, andGUI updater178 are included in arespective application view191.
• Arespective event recognizer180 receives event information (e.g., event data179) fromevent sorter170, and identifies an event from the event information.Event recognizer180 includesevent receiver182 andevent comparator184. In some embodiments,event recognizer180 also includes at least a subset of:metadata183, and event delivery instructions188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).
• Event receiver182 receives event information fromevent sorter170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
• Event comparator184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments,event comparator184 includesevent definitions186.Event definitions186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associatedevent handlers190.
• In some embodiments, event definition187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments,event comparator184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display112,event comparator184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with arespective event handler190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine whichevent handler190 should be activated. For example,event comparator184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.
• In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
• When arespective event recognizer180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events inevent definitions186, therespective event recognizer180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
• In some embodiments, arespective event recognizer180 includesmetadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments,metadata183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments,metadata183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
• In some embodiments, arespective event recognizer180 activatesevent handler190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, arespective event recognizer180 delivers event information associated with the event toevent handler190. Activating anevent handler190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments,event recognizer180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, andevent handler190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
• In some embodiments,event delivery instructions188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.
• In some embodiments,data updater176 creates and updates data used in application136-1. For example,data updater176 updates the telephone number used incontacts module137, or stores a video file used in video player module145. In some embodiments, objectupdater177 creates and updates objects used in application136-1. For example, objectupdater176 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object.GUI updater178 updates the GUI. For example,GUI updater178 prepares display information and sends it tographics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.
• In some embodiments, event handler(s)190 includes or has access todata updater176,object updater177, andGUI updater178. In some embodiments,data updater176,object updater177, andGUI updater178 are included in a single module of a respective application136-1 orapplication view191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.
• It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operatemultifunction devices100 with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
• FIG. 2 illustrates aportable multifunction device100 having atouch screen112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)200. In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers202 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses203 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact withdevice100. In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.
• Device100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” ormenu button204. As described previously,menu button204 is, optionally, used to navigate to anyapplication136 in a set of applications that are, optionally executed ondevice100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed ontouch screen112.
• In one embodiment,device100 includestouch screen112,menu button204,push button206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)208, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)card slot210, head setjack212, and docking/chargingexternal port124.Push button206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment,device100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions throughmicrophone113.Device100 also, optionally, includes one or morecontact intensity sensors165 for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch screen112 and/or one or moretactile output generators167 for generating tactile outputs for a user ofdevice100.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.Device300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller).Device300 typically includes one or more processing units (CPU's)310, one or more network orother communications interfaces360,memory370, and one ormore communication buses320 for interconnecting these components.Communication buses320 optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components.Device300 includes input/output (I/O)interface330 comprisingdisplay340, which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface330 also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)350 andtouchpad355,tactile output generator357 for generating tactile outputs on device300 (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)167 described above with reference toFIG. 1A), sensors359 (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)165 described above with reference toFIG. 1A).Memory370 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices.Memory370 optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)310. In some embodiments,memory370 stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored inmemory102 of portable multifunction device100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore,memory370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present inmemory102 of portablemultifunction device100. For example,memory370 ofdevice300 optionallystores drawing module380,presentation module382,word processing module384,website creation module386,disk authoring module388, and/orspreadsheet module390, whilememory102 of portable multifunction device100 (FIG. 1A) optionally does not store these modules.
• Each of the above identified elements inFIG. 3 are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments,memory370 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore,memory370 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
• Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that is, optionally, implemented onportable multifunction device100.
• FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications onportable multifunction device100 in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented ondevice300. In some embodiments,user interface400 includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
• • Signal strength indicator(s)402 for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;
  • Time404;
  • Bluetooth indicator405;
  • Battery status indicator406;
  • Tray408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
    • Icon416 fortelephone module138, labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes anindicator414 of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;
    • Icon418 fore-mail client module140, labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes anindicator410 of the number of unread e-mails;
    • Icon420 forbrowser module147, labeled “Browser;” and
    • Icon422 for video andmusic player module152, also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.)module152, labeled “iPod;” and
  • Icons for other applications, such as:
    • Icon424 forIM module141, labeled “Text;”
    • Icon426 forcalendar module148, labeled “Calendar;”
    • Icon428 forimage management module144, labeled “Photos;”
    • Icon430 forcamera module143, labeled “Camera;”
    • Icon432 foronline video module155, labeled “Online Video”
    • Icon434 for stocks widget149-2, labeled “Stocks;”
    • Icon436 formap module154, labeled “Map;”
    • Icon438 for weather widget149-1, labeled “Weather;”
    • Icon440 for alarm clock widget149-4, labeled “Clock;”
    • Icon442 forworkout support module142, labeled “Workout Support;”
    • Icon444 fornotes module153, labeled “Notes;” and
    • Icon446 for a settings application or module, which provides access to settings fordevice100 and itsvarious applications136.
• It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated inFIG. 4A are merely exemplary. For example,icon422 for video andmusic player module152 are labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon.
• FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device300,FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface451 (e.g., a tablet ortouchpad355,FIG. 3) that is separate from the display450 (e.g., touch screen display112).Device300 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors357) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface451 and/or one or moretactile output generators359 for generating tactile outputs for a user ofdevice300.
• Although some of the examples which follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display112 (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown inFIG. 4B. In some embodiments the touch sensitive surface (e.g.,451 inFIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g.,452 inFIG. 4B) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,453 inFIG. 4B) on the display (e.g.,450). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,460 and462 inFIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., inFIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to468 and462 corresponds to470). In this way, user inputs (e.g.,contacts460 and462, and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,451 inFIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,450 inFIG. 4B) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein.
• Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
• As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,touchpad355 inFIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface451 inFIG. 4B) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch-screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system112 inFIG. 1A ortouch screen112 inFIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch-screen display, a detected contact on the touch-screen acts as a “focus selector,” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch-screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch-screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch-screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).
• The user interface figures described below include various intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to one or more intensity thresholds (e.g., a contact detection intensity threshold IT₀, a light press intensity threshold IT_L, a deep press intensity threshold IT_D, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds). This intensity diagram is typically not part of the displayed user interface, but is provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with an intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures.
• An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold IT_Lto an intensity between the light press intensity threshold IT_Land the deep press intensity threshold IT_Dis sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold IT_Dto an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold IT_Dis sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀and the light press intensity threshold IT_Lis sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold IT₀to an intensity below the contact intensity threshold IT₀is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments IT₀is zero. In some embodiments IT₀is greater than zero. In some illustrations a shaded circle or oval is used to represent intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some illustrations a circle or oval without shading is used represent a respective contact on the touch-sensitive surface without specifying the intensity of the respective contact.
• In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input).
• In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90% or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).
• For ease of explanation, the description of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.
USER INTERFACES AND ASSOCIATED PROCESSESConditionally Providing Tactile Feedback Corresponding to Subdivisions of a User Interface Object
• Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that display a plurality of user interface object at the same time. For example, a graphical user interface will, in some circumstances, simultaneously display any combination of multiple blocks of text, web browsers, menus, application windows, toolbars, status bars and the like, providing the user with a large number of potential inputs and functionalities. Moreover, many of these user interface objects will have a number of selectable or activatable user interface objects displayed therein, e.g., subdivisions of the larger user interface object. Given the complexity of a user interface environment that arises from displaying multiple user interface objects having a number of functional subdivisions displayed therein, there is a need to provide feedback that enables the user to more efficiently and conveniently navigate through the user interface environment.
• The embodiments described below provide improved methods and user interfaces for generating feedback to a user navigating a complex user interface. More specifically, these methods and user interfaces provide tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The tactile feedback allows the user to more efficiently discern between subdivisions of a user interface object, instead of or in addition to audible and/or visual feedback. For example, existing methods for selecting a sub-set of text within a larger block of text requires the user drag a focus selector over the text, causing a change in the visual appearance of individual words, letters and/or spaces selected. These approaches only provide visual confirmation that the desired sub-set of text has been selected prior to further manipulation (e.g., copying, editing, deleting, pasting or formatting). Advantageously, the methods and user interfaces described below improve upon this visual feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating that the user has scrolled over or selected a particular subdivision (e.g., individual words, letters or spaces) of the larger user interface object (e.g., a block of text).
• Moreover, the methods and user interfaces described below allow the tactile feedback to be conditional upon a particular action performed by the user. That is, the tactile outputs are, optionally, selectively quieted, as desired. For example, when scrolling over or selecting a large sub-set of text, the tactile output are, optionally, conditionally suppressed when the focus selector is moved rapidly over the text, when the user does not require a high level of feedback from the user interface, and then generated again when the focus selector is moved more slowly. In this fashion, the user is provided additional feedback when trying to determine the precise endpoint of the desired text, providing increased productivity and an overall more efficient user experience. Although exemplified by the selection of a sub-set of text, the methods and user interfaces described below are useful for improving a user's efficiency when working with any number of user interface objects and subdivisions thereof. For example, web browsers displaying multiple hyperlinks, directory menus displaying multiple folders, application icons and/or application icons, and spreadsheets containing multiple individual cells.
• FIGS. 5A-5L illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 6A-6C.
• FIGS. 5E-51 include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a first intensity threshold (e.g., light press intensity threshold “IT_L”) and a second threshold (e.g., deep press intensity threshold “IT_D”).FIGS. 5C, 5D, and 5K include velocity diagrams that show the current velocity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a first velocity threshold (e.g., a fast velocity threshold “VT_F”) and a second threshold (e.g., a slow velocity threshold VT_S″). In some embodiments, the second velocity threshold is higher than the first velocity threshold. These velocity diagrams are typically not part of the displayed user interface, but are provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures.
• FIG. 5A illustrates exemplary user interface8708 displaying text that includes multiple user interface objects (e.g., paragraphs) in accordance with some embodiments. InFIG. 5A, user interface8708 is displayed ondisplay450 of an electronic device that also includes touch-sensitive surface451 and one or more sensors for detecting intensity of contacts with touch-sensitive surface451. In some embodiments, touch-sensitive surface451 is a touch screen display that isoptionally display450 or a separate display. User interface8708 displays a plurality of user interface objects, including firstuser interface object8702 and seconduser interface object8704, where the firstuser interface object8702 and seconduser interface object8704 include a plurality of subdivisions. For example, firstuser interface object8702, e.g., the first paragraph displayed ondisplay450, includes a plurality of subdivisions (e.g., individual words), including first user interface object subdivision8702-1 (i.e., the word “Four”) and second user interface object subdivision8702-2 (i.e., the word “score”). InFIG. 5A, user interface8708 also displayscursor8706, controllable by the user through contacts on touch-sensitive surface451. For example, detection of movement of a contact on touch-sensitive surface451 corresponds to movement ofcursor8706 on user interface8708. Whileparagraphs8702 and8704 are described above as user interface objects with subdivisions, in some embodiments, the words (or sentences) of these paragraphs are considered to be user interface objects with subdivisions (e.g., the sentences are user interface objects with words as subdivisions, or the words are user interface objects with letters as subdivisions).
• In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451). In some embodiments, the device is portablemultifunction device100, the display is touch-sensitive display system112, and the touch-sensitive surface includestactile output generators167 on the display (FIG. 1A). For convenience of explanation, the embodiments described with reference toFIGS. 5A-5M andFIGS. 6A-6C will be discussed with reference to display450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface451, however analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system112 in response to detecting movement of the contacts described inFIGS. 5A-5M on the touch-sensitive display system112 while displaying the user interfaces shown inFIGS. 5A-5M on the touch-sensitive display system112; in such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective contact, a representative point corresponding to a contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system112, in place ofcursor8706.
• FIGS. 5A-5K illustrate thatcontact8710 andgesture8712 are detected on touch-sensitive surface451 (e.g., movement8712-aofcontact8710 from location8710-ainFIG. 5A to location8710-binFIG. 5B; movement8712-bofcontact8710 from location8710-binFIG. 5B to location8710-cinFIG. 5C; movement8712-bofcontact8710 from location8710-binFIG. 5B to location8710-cinFIG. 5D; movement8712-bofcontact8710 from location8710-binFIG. 5B to location8710-cinFIG. 5E; movement8712-bofcontact8710 from location8710-binFIG. 5B to location8710-cinFIG. 5F; movement8712-bofcontact8710 from location8710-binFIG. 5B to location8710-cinFIG. 5G; and/or movement8712-bofcontact8710 from location8710-binFIG. 5B to location8710-cinFIG. 5H.Contact8710 occurs at a position on touch-sensitive surface451 corresponding to an area ondisplay450 occupied by first user interface object8702 (e.g.,contact8710 corresponds to a focus selector on the display, such ascursor8706 which is at or near a location of user interface object8702).Gesture8712 includes movement ofcontact8710 on touch-sensitive surface451 that corresponds to movement of focus selector (e.g., a cursor8706) on display450 (e.g., as illustrated inFIGS. 5A-5F).
• FIG. 5B illustrates that continuation ofgesture8712 includes movement ofcontact8710 on touch-sensitive surface451 that corresponds to movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702 displayed on display450 (e.g., movement of thecursor8706 into a respective area of the display that is occupied by a first paragraph of text). In response to detecting movement ofcontact8710 on touch-sensitive surface451 that corresponds to movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702,tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond toboundary8703 of user interface object8702 (e.g., a beginning of paragraph8702).
• FIGS. 5B-5C illustrate an example where, in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met,tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond toboundary8703 of theuser interface object8702, as inFIG. 5B, and subdivision8702-2 (i.e., the word “score) ofuser interface object8702, as inFIG. 5C.FIGS. 5B and 5D illustrate an example where, in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met,tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond toboundary8703 of theuser interface object8702, as inFIG. 5B, without generating tactile outputs that correspond to subdivision8702-2 ofuser interface object8702, as inFIG. 5D.
• In some embodiments, as illustrated inFIGS. 5C-5D, the output criteria include a criterion that the focus selector has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold (e.g., “VT_F”) when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 5C, in response to detecting movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702, in accordance with a determination that an output criterion (e.g., thatcursor8706, or alternatively contact8710, has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold VT_F) has been met (e.g., becausecursor8706, or alternatively contact8710, has a velocity that is below VT_FinFIG. 5C),tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond to boundary8703 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5B) of theuser interface object8702 and subdivision8702-2 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5C). In contrast, as illustrated inFIG. 5D, in response to detecting movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702, in accordance with a determination that an output criterion (e.g., thatcursor8706, or alternatively contact8710, has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold VT_F) has not been met (e.g., becausecursor8706, or alternatively contact8710, has a velocity below VT_FinFIG. 5D),tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond to boundary8703 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5B) of the user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to subdivision8702-2 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5D).
• In some embodiments, as illustrated inFIGS. 5E-5F, the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”) when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 5E, in response to detecting movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702, in accordance with a determination that an output criterion (e.g., thatcontact8710 has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold “IT_D”) has not been met (e.g., becausecontact8710 has an intensity below IT_DinFIG. 5E),tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond toboundary8703 of the user interface object (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5B) without generating tactile outputs that correspond to subdivision8702-2. In contrast, as illustrated inFIG. 5F, in response to detecting movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702, in accordance with a determination that an output criterion (e.g., thatcontact8710 has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold “IT_D”) has been met (e.g., becausecontact8710 has an intensity above IT_DinFIG. 5F),tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond toboundary8703 of the user interface object8702 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5B) and subdivision8702-2 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5F).
• In some embodiments, as illustrated inFIGS. 5G-5H, the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”) when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 5G, in response to detecting movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702, in accordance with a determination that an output criterion (e.g., thatcontact8710 has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold IT_D) has been met (e.g., becausecontact8710 has an intensity below IT_DinFIG. 5G),tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond to boundary8703 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5B) of theuser interface object8702 and subdivision8702-2 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5G). In contrast, as illustrated inFIG. 5H, in response to detecting movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702, in accordance with a determination that an output criterion (e.g., thatcontact8710 has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold IT_D) has not been met (e.g., becausecontact8710 has an intensity above IT_DinFIG. 5H),tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond to boundary8703 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5B) of the user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to subdivision8702-2 (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5H).
• FIGS. 5I-5K illustrates an example, where firstuser interface object8702 and seconduser interface object8704 include a hierarchy of subdivisions, including a level corresponding to a first class of subdivisions and a level corresponding to a second class of subdivisions. For example, firstuser interface object8702, e.g., the first paragraph displayed ondisplay450, includes a first class of subdivisions (e.g., individual words), including first user interface object subdivision8702-1 (i.e., the word “Four”) and second user interface object subdivision8702-2 (i.e., the word “score”), and a second class of subdivisions (e.g., individual letters), including first user interface super-subdivision8702-1a(i.e., the letter “F”) and second user interface super-subdivision8702-1b(i.e., the letter “o”).
• FIGS. 5I-5K illustrate tactile outputs generated in response to detecting a continuation ofgesture8712 includes movement ofcontact8710 on touch-sensitive surface451 that corresponds to movement ofcursor8706 over firstuser interface object8702 and seconduser interface object8704 displayed on display450 (e.g., movement of the cursor into a respective area of the display that is occupied by a first paragraph of text followed by movement into a respective area of the display that is occupied by a second paragraph of text). In response to detecting movement ofcontact8710 on touch-sensitive surface451 that corresponds to movement ofcursor8706 overuser interface object8702,tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond toboundary8703 ofuser interface object8702, as shown inFIG. 5B.
• In some embodiments, illustrated inFIGS. 5I-5K, in accordance with a determination that first output criteria have been met, tactile output generators167 generate: tactile outputs8722-1aand8724-1athat correspond to respective boundaries of first user interface object8702 and second user interface object8704; and tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs8722-2aand8724-2a) that correspond to respective boundaries of first class subdivisions (e.g., individual words)8702-2 to8702-30 and8704-2 to8704-73, without generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions (e.g., individual letters), and in accordance with a determination that second output criteria have been met, (optionally, in addition to a determination that the first output criteria have been met) tactile output generators167 generate tactile outputs:8722-1aand8724-1athat correspond to respective boundaries of first user interface object8702 and second user interface object8704; tactile outputs8722-2aand8724-2athat correspond to respective boundaries of first class subdivisions (e.g., individual words)8702-2 to8702-30 and8704-2 to8704-73; and tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs8722-1band8724-1b) that correspond to respective boundaries of second class subdivisions (e.g., individual letters) including subdivisions8702-1bto8702-2dand8704-1bto8704-1c.In some embodiments, for a user interface object that is an application window with a block of text, the first and second subdivision levels include two or more of: paragraphs, sentences, words, and letters.
• In some embodiments where tactile outputs are generated for different types of boundaries (e.g., boundaries of user interface objects, boundaries of the first class of subdivisions and boundaries of the second class of subdivisions), the tactile outputs generated for a first type of boundary are different from the tactile outputs generated for a second type of boundary. For example, inFIGS. 5I-5K, the tactile outputs8722-1aand8724-1athat correspond to respective boundaries of firstuser interface object8702 and seconduser interface object8704 have a first magnitude and/or movement profile; the tactile outputs8722-2aand8724-2athat correspond to respective boundaries of first class subdivisions (e.g., individual words)8702-2 and8704-2 have a second magnitude and/or movement profile that is different from the first magnitude/movement profile. Similarly, tactile outputs8722-1band8724-1bthat correspond to respective boundaries of second class subdivisions (e.g., individual letters)8702-1band8704-1bhave a third magnitude and/or movement profile that is different from the first magnitude/movement profile and the second magnitude/movement profile. While the different types of boundaries are shown inFIGS. 5I-5K as being associated with tactile outputs with different magnitudes and/or movement profiles, in some embodiments, some or all of the different types of boundaries are associated with tactile outputs with the same or substantially similar magnitudes and/or movement profiles.
• FIG. 51 illustrates an example where the output criteria include criteria based on contact intensity. In some of these embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down very hard with the contact (e.g., with an intensity above a second intensity threshold “IT_D”), the device generates tactile outputs corresponding to the beginnings or ends of paragraphs or sentences, individual words, and individual letters. In contrast, when the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down slightly less hard with the contact (e.g., with an intensity below a second intensity threshold “IT_D” but above a first intensity threshold “IT_L”), the device generates tactile outputs corresponding to the beginnings or ends of paragraphs or sentences and individual words but not individual letters. In contrast, when the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact (e.g., with an intensity below a first intensity threshold “IT_L”), the device only generates tactile outputs corresponding to beginnings or endings of paragraphs or sentences.
• FIG. 5J illustrates an example where the output criteria include criteria based on contact intensity. In some of these embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down very hard with the contact (e.g., with an intensity above a second intensity threshold “IT_D”), the device only generates tactile outputs corresponding to beginnings or endings of paragraphs or sentences. In contrast, when the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down slightly less hard with the contact (e.g., with an intensity below a second intensity threshold “IT_D” but above a first intensity threshold “IT_L”), the device generates tactile outputs corresponding to the beginnings or ends of paragraphs or sentences and individual words but not individual letters. In contrast, when the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact (e.g., with an intensity below a first intensity threshold “IT_L”), the device generates tactile outputs corresponding to the beginnings or ends of paragraphs or sentences, individual words, and individual letters.
• FIG. 5K illustrates an example where the output criteria include criteria based on contact velocity, or optionally focus selector velocity. In some of these embodiments, when the contact, or optionally the focus selector, is moving very fast (e.g., at a velocity above a fast velocity threshold “VT_F”), the device only generates tactile outputs corresponding to beginnings or endings of paragraphs or sentences. In contrast, when the contact, or optionally the focus selector, is moving slightly slower (e.g. at a velocity below a fast velocity threshold “VT_F” but above a slow velocity threshold “VT_S”) the device generates tactile outputs corresponding to the beginnings or ends of paragraphs or sentences and individual words. In contrast, when the contact, or optionally the focus selector, is moving very slowly (e.g., at a velocity below a slow velocity threshold “VT_S”), the device generates tactile outputs corresponding to the beginnings or ends of paragraphs or sentences, individual words, and individual letters.
• FIG. 5L illustrates an example wheremovement8728 ofcontact8726 on touchsensitive surface451 corresponds to movement ofcursor8720 over subdivision8716-2 (e.g., a hyperlink) of user interface object8716 (e.g., an active web browser window), and in response to detecting movement ofcursor8720 over user interface object subdivision8716-2 displayed in activeuser interface object8716, where a determination that output criterion including that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface has been met (e.g., becauseuser interface object8716 is active),tactile output generators167 generatetactile outputs8714 that correspond to user interface object subdivision8716-2. In contrast, as illustrated inFIG. 5M, continuation ofgesture8728 on touchsensitive surface451 corresponds to movement ofcursor8720 over subdivision8718-2 (e.g., a hyperlink) of user interface object8718 (e.g., an inactive web browser window), and in response to detecting movement ofcursor8720 over user interface object subdivision8718-2 displayed in inactiveuser interface object8718, where a determination that output criterion including that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface has not been met (e.g., becauseuser interface object8718 is inactive), tactile outputs that correspond to user interface object subdivision8718-2 are not generated.
• In some embodiments, as illustrated inFIGS. 5L-5M, the plurality of user interface objects include application windows (e.g., web browsers, document windows, file menus, and other application windows) and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows. (e.g., hyperlinks, folders, controls, and document icons).
• In some embodiments, as illustrated inFIGS. 5A-5K, the plurality of user interface objects include blocks of text (e.g., paragraphs, sentences, or words) and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include smaller portions of the text (e.g., sentences, words, or letters). In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include paragraphs and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include individual sentences. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include paragraphs and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include individual words. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include paragraphs and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include individual letters. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include sentences and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include individual words. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include sentences and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include individual letters. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include words and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include individual letters.
• In some embodiments, as illustrated inFIGS. 5I-5K, a respective user interface object of the plurality of user interface objects includes a hierarchy of subdivisions, including a level corresponding to a first class of subdivisions and a level corresponding to a second class of subdivisions (e.g., for a user interface object that is an application window with a block of text, the first and second subdivision levels include two or more of: paragraphs, sentences, words, and letters). In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include paragraphs, a first class of subdivisions includes individual sentences, a second class of subdivisions includes individual words, and a third class of subdivisions includes individual letters. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include paragraphs, a first class of subdivisions includes individual sentences, a second class of subdivisions includes individual words. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include paragraphs, a first class of subdivisions includes individual sentences, a second class of subdivisions includes individual letters. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include paragraphs, a first class of subdivisions includes individual words, a second class of subdivisions includes individual letters. In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include sentences, a first class of subdivisions includes individual words, a second class of subdivisions includes individual letters.
• FIGS. 6A-6C are flow diagrams illustrating amethod8800 of providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a subdivision of a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments. Themethod8800 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device300,FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device100,FIG. 1A) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations inmethod8800 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
• As described below, themethod8800 provides an intuitive way to provide feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when detecting feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to detect feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
• In some embodiments, the device displays (8802) a plurality of user interface objects (e.g., firstuser interface object8702 and seconduser interface object8704 inFIGS. 5A-5K or firstuser interface object8716 and second user interface object87!6 inFIGS. 5L-5M) on a display (e.g.,display450 inFIGS. 5A-5K), where each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions (e.g., first user interface object subdivisions8702-1 and8702-2, and second user interface object subdivisions8704-1 and8704-2, inFIGS. 5A-5K or first user interface object subdivisions8716-1 and8716-2, and second user interface object subdivisions8718-1 and8718-2, inFIGS. 5L-5M).
• In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include (8804) application windows and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows (e.g., hyperlinks, folders, controls, document icons), as shown inFIGS. 5L-5M. In other embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are (8806) paragraphs and the subdivisions are words. In other embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are (8808) sentences and the subdivisions are words. In yet other embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are (8810) words and the subdivisions are letters (e.g., the device generates tactile-outputs for each letter if a focus selector is moving slowly over a sentence, but only at the beginning of each word if the focus selector is moving quickly).
• In some embodiments, while the device displays the user interface objects, the device detects (8812) movement of a contact (e.g.,contact8710 inFIGS. 5A-5H orcontact8726 inFIGS. 5L-5M) on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451) that corresponds to movement of a focus selector (e.g.,cursor8706 inFIGS. 5A-5K orcursor8720 inFIGS. 5L-5M) over a respective user interface object (e.g., firstuser interface object8702 inFIGS. 5A-5K or firstuser interface object8716 inFIGS. 5L-5M) in the plurality of user interface objects.
• In some embodiments, in response (8814) to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, the device generates (8816) tactile outputs (e.g.,tactile outputs8714 inFIGS. 5B-5C) that correspond to a respective boundary (e.g., a tactile output corresponding toboundary8703 inFIG. 5B) of the respective user interface object and subdivisions (e.g., tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions8702-1 and8702-2 inFIG. 5C) of the respective user interface object (e.g.,user interface object8702 inFIGS. 5B-5C). In some embodiments, the output criteria are subdivision-tactile-output criteria (e.g., criteria that are used to determine whether or not to provide tactile output corresponding to subdivisions in a respective user interface object).
• In some embodiments, the output criteria include (8818) a criterion that the focus selector has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves quickly over a row of text, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of paragraphs but not for individual sentences, words, and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves slowly over the row of text, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of paragraphs, as well as for individual sentences, words and/or individual letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves quickly over a row of text, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of sentences but not for individual words and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves slowly over the row of text, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of sentences, as well as for individual words and/or letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves quickly over a row of text, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of words but not for individual letters, whereas if the focus selector moves slowly over the row of text, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of words and also for individual letters.
• In some embodiments, the output criteria include (8820) a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of paragraphs but not for individual sentences, words, and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of paragraphs, as well as for individual sentences, words and/or individual letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of sentences but not for individual words and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of sentences, as well as for individual words and/or letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of words but not for individual letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of words and also for individual letters.
• In some embodiments, the output criteria include (8822) a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of paragraphs but not for individual sentences, words, and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of paragraphs, as well as for individual sentences, words and/or individual letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of sentences but not for individual words and/or letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of sentences, as well as for individual words and/or letters. In some embodiments, if the focus selector moves over a row of text while the user is pressing down hard with the contact, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of words but not for individual letters, whereas if the focus selector moves over the row of text while the user is pressing down lightly with the contact, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of words and also for individual letters.
• In some embodiments, the output criteria include (8824) a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface. In some embodiments the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface. For example, if the focus selector moves over a row of text of a background window, tactile outputs are generated at the beginning of words but not for individual letters or no tactile outputs are generated, whereas if the focus selector moves over a row of text of the active window, tactile outputs are generated for the beginnings of words and, in some embodiments, also for individual letters. In some embodiments, as illustrated inFIGS. 5L-5M, tactile outputs are generated in response to detecting movement of the focus selector when the focus selector moves over elements in the active window but not when the focus selector moves over elements in an inactive window. For example, if there are a plurality of web browser pages that have hyperlinks open, and the focus selector moves over a plurality of hyperlinks, tactile outputs are generated for the hyperlinks in the active browser window, but tactile outputs are not generated for hyperlinks in the background browser window(s).
• In response (8814) to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, the device generates (8826) tactile outputs (e.g.,tactile outputs8714 inFIG. 5B) that correspond to the respective boundary (e.g.,boundary8703 inFIG. 5B) of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions (e.g., subdivisions8702-1 and8702-2 inFIG. 5D) of the respective user interface object (e.g.,user interface object8702 inFIGS. 5B and 5D). For example inFIGS. 5B and 5D, when the contact has a velocity above VT_F, the device generates a tactile output whencursor8706 moves over a boundary ofparagraph8702 but does not generate a tactile output whencursor8706 moves over a boundary of word8702-2. Similarly, inFIGS. 5B and 5E, when the contact has an intensity below IT_D, the device generates a tactile output whencursor8706 moves over a boundary ofparagraph8702 but does not generate a tactile output whencursor8706 moves over a boundary of word8702-2.
• In some embodiments, a respective user interface object of the plurality of user interface objects includes (8836) a hierarchy of subdivisions, including a level corresponding to a first class of subdivisions (e.g., first user interface object first class subdivisions8702-1 and8702-2 corresponding to words inparagraph8702 and second user interface object first class subdivisions8704-1 and8704-2 corresponding to words inparagraph8704 inFIGS. 5I-5K) and a level corresponding to a second class of subdivisions (e.g., first user interface object second class subdivisions8702-1a,8702-1b,8702-1cand8702-1d,corresponding to letters in words inparagraph8702 and second user interface object second class subdivisions8704-1a,8704-1band8704-1ccorresponding to letters in words inparagraph8704 inFIGS. 5I-5K). For example, for a user interface object that is an application window with a block of text, the first and second subdivision levels include two or more of: paragraphs, sentences, words, and letters.
• In some embodiments, in response (8814) to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that first output criteria have been met, the device generates (8838) tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs8722-1a,8722-2a,8724-1aand8724-2ainFIG. 5K) corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions (e.g., first class user interface object subdivisions8702-1,8702-2,8704-1 and8704-2 that correspond to words in paragraphs inFIGS. 5I-5K) without generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions (e.g., second class user interface object subdivisions8702-1b,8702-2b,and8704-1bthat correspond to letters in words inFIGS. 5I-5K).
• In some embodiments, in response (8814) to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that second output criteria have been met (optionally, in addition to a determination that the first output criteria have been met), the device generates (8840) tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs8722-1a,8722-2a,8724-1aand8724-2ainFIGS. 5I-5K) corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions (e.g., first class user interface object subdivisions8702-1,8702-2,8704-1 and8704-2 that correspond to words in paragraphs inFIGS. 5I-5K) and the device generates tactile outputs (e.g., tactile outputs8722-1b,8722-2b,8724-1band8724-2binFIGS. 5I-5K) corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions (e.g., second class user interface object subdivisions8702-1b,8702-2b,and8704-1bthat correspond to letters in words inFIGS. 5I-5K). For example, when the contact is moving very fast, the device only generates tactile outputs corresponding to ends of sentences, when the contact is moving slightly slower the device generates tactile outputs corresponding to the ends of words and sentences, and when the contact is moving very slowly, the device generates tactile outputs corresponding to the ends of words, sentences, and individual letters.
• It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations inFIGS. 6A-6C have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner tomethod8800 described above with respect toFIGS. 6A-6C. For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, velocity thresholds and focus selectors described above with reference tomethod8800 optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile outputs, intensity thresholds, velocity thresholds and focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.
• In accordance with some embodiments,FIG. 7 shows a functional block diagram of anelectronic device8900 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 7 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.
• As shown inFIG. 7, anelectronic device8900 includes adisplay unit8902 configured to display one or more user interface objects, a touch-sensitive surface unit8904 configured to receive user contacts, optionally one ormore sensor units8906 configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit8904; and aprocessing unit8908 coupled to thedisplay unit8902, the touch-sensitive surface unit8904 and the one ormore sensor units8906. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit8908 includes adisplay enabling unit8909, a detectingunit8910, and agenerating unit8912.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit8908 is configured to enable display (e.g., with the display enabling unit8909) of a plurality of user interface objects on thedisplay unit8902, where each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit8908 is further configured to detect movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of a focus selector over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects (e.g., with the detecting unit8910); and in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, theprocessing unit8908 is configured to generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit8912) that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, theprocessing unit8908 is configured to generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit8912) that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.
• In some embodiments, the output criteria include a criterion that the focus selector has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object.
• In some embodiments, the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object.
• In some embodiments, the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the focus selector moves over the respective user interface object.
• In some embodiments, the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface.
• In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects include application windows and the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows.
• In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are paragraphs, and the subdivisions are words.
• In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are sentences, and the subdivisions are words.
• In some embodiments, the plurality of user interface objects are words, and the subdivisions are letters.
• In some embodiments, a respective user interface object of the plurality of user interface objects includes a hierarchy of subdivisions, including a level corresponding to a first class of subdivisions and a level corresponding to a second class of subdivisions. In some of these embodiments, in response to detecting the movement of the contact: in accordance with a determination that first output criteria have been met, theprocessing unit8908 is configured to generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit8912) corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions without generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions; and in accordance with a determination that second output criteria have been met, theprocessing unit8908 is configured to generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit8912) corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions and generate tactile outputs (e.g., with the generating unit8912) corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions.
• The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect toFIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
• The operations described above with reference toFIGS. 6A-6C are, optionally, implemented by components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B orFIG. 7. For example,detection operation8812 anddetermination operations8816,8826,8838 and8840 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter170,event recognizer180, andevent handler190. Event monitor171 inevent sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display112, andevent dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to application136-1. Arespective event recognizer180 of application136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface or generation of a tactile output (e.g., corresponding to a boundary of a user interface object or subdivision thereof). When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer180 activates anevent handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176 or objectupdater177 to update the applicationinternal state192. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses arespective GUI updater178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B.
Providing Tactile Feedback When Interacting With a User Interface Object
• Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that display user interface objects that can be activated in response to a user input (e.g., by clicking or scrolling over the object). For example, a graphical user interface optionally displays an application window containing a button, hyperlink, document launch icon, application launch icon, menu or other selectable affordance associated with a particular action (e.g., launching an application, loading content associated with a hyperlink or manipulating an object within an application). Typically, a user accesses the activatable content by first selecting the appropriate user interface object (e.g., via moving a focus selector over the object) and secondly activating the user interface object (e.g., via “clicking” on the object). Given the complexity of a user interface environment containing multiple user interface objects associated with activatable content, there is a need to provide feedback that enables the user to more efficiently and conveniently navigate through the user interface environment.
• The embodiments described below provide improved methods and user interfaces for providing feedback to a user navigating a complex user interface environment. More specifically, these methods and user interfaces provide different tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over a respective user interface object than when the user subsequently activates the respective user interface object. The tactile feedback distinguishes between these two actions by providing physical cues that feel different to the user. In this fashion, the methods and user interfaces provided below allow the user to more efficiently and conveniently discern between these two actions by providing tactile feedback, instead of or in addition to audible and/or visual feedback. Some methods for distinguishing between the selection and activation of a user interface object rely on an audible or visual cue. However, there are many situations (e.g., at work, in a theatre and in various social situations) where the volume of an electronic device will be lowered or muted, rendering audible cues ineffective. Advantageously, the methods and user interfaces described below augment or replace audible feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating that a user interface object has been selected and/or activated.
• FIGS. 8A-8E illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIG. 9.FIGS. 8A-8D include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including an activation intensity threshold (e.g., light press intensity threshold “IT_L”). In some embodiments, operations similar to those described below with reference to IT_Lare performed with reference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”). These intensity diagrams are typically not part of the displayed user interface, but are provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures.FIGS. 8B-8D include waveform diagrams that show the amplitude (e.g., a high amplitude “AH” or low amplitude “AL”) and shape (e.g., square or sawtooth) of the waveform corresponding to tactile output generated on the touch-sensitive surface in response to a tactile output triggering event (e.g., selection or activation of a user interface object). These waveform diagrams are typically not part of the displayed user interface, but are provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures.
• FIG. 8A illustrates exemplary user interface9008 displaying one or more user interface objects9004. For example, user interface9008 displays web browser9002 (e.g., a user interface application window) that includes navigation button9004-1 (e.g., a user interface object with an activatable hyperlink) and cursor9006 (e.g., a focus selector). InFIG. 8A, user interface9008 is displayed ondisplay450 of an electronic device that also includes touch-sensitive surface451 and one or more sensors for detecting intensity of contacts with touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, touch-sensitive surface451 is a touch screen display that isoptionally display450 or a separate display.
• In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451). In some embodiments, the device is portablemultifunction device100, the display is touch-sensitive display system112, and the touch-sensitive surface includestactile output generators167 on the display (FIG. 1A). For convenience of explanation, the embodiments described with reference toFIGS. 8A-8H andFIG. 9 will be discussed with reference to display450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface451, however analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system112 in response to detecting movement of the contacts described inFIGS. 8A-8H on the touch-sensitive display system112 while displaying the user interfaces shown inFIGS. 8A-8H on the touch-sensitive display system112; in such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective contact, a representative point corresponding to a contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system112, in place ofcursor9006.
• FIGS. 8A-8E illustrate various embodiments wherecursor9006, controlled bycontact9010 on touch-sensitive surface451 andmovement9012 thereof, moves over (e.g., selects) and then clicks (e.g., activates)user navigation button9006. In response,tactile output generators167 provide different feedback (e.g.,tactile outputs9014,9018 and9022) to the user, identifying the actions as either selection or activation events. For example, depending on the type of action (e.g., selection or activation), the tactile outputs have a unique waveform (e.g.,square waveforms9016 and9024 or sawtooth waveform9020) or amplitude (e.g., a high amplitude “AH” or low amplitude “AL”) indicating to the user which action was performed through their sense of touch.
• FIGS. 8A-8E illustrate thatcontact9010, corresponding tocursor9002 displayed ondisplay450, and agesture including movement9012 of contact9010 (e.g., movement9012-aofcontact9010 from location9010-ainFIG. 8A to location9010-binFIG. 8B) or change in intensity of contact9010 (e.g., change in intensity ofcontact9010 from an intensity below IT_LinFIGS. 8A-8B to an intensity above IT_LinFIG. 8C-8D; and/or liftoff ofcontact9010 inFIG. 8C orFIG. 8D, as illustrated inFIG. 8E) are detected on touch-sensitive surface451.Contact9010 is detected at a position on touch-sensitive surface451 corresponding to an area ondisplay450 occupied by focus selector9006 (e.g.,contact9010 corresponds to a focus selector on the display, such ascursor9006 which is at or near a location of user interface object9002). In some embodiments, movement ofcontact9010 on touch-sensitive surface451 corresponds to movement of focus selector (e.g., a cursor9006) on display450 (e.g., as illustrated inFIGS. 8A-8B).
• FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate an example of a beginning of a gesture wherecursor9006 moves over navigation button9004-1, in accordance withmovement9012 ofcontact9010, corresponding tocursor9006 ondisplay450, on touch-sensitive surface451, without activating navigation button9004-1. InFIG. 8B, the device (e.g., via tactile output generators167) generates firsttactile outputs9014 having a signature corresponding to a scroll over event (e.g.,waveform9016 and/or high amplitude “AH”), because the focus selector scrolled over the user interface object without activating the user interface object.
• FIGS. 8B-8D illustrate various examples where the device detects a continuation of agesture including movement9012 ofcontact9010, or a second gesture initiated after the completion ofmovement9012, that includes an increase of intensity ofcontact9010 above an activation intensity threshold (e.g., light press intensity threshold “IT_L”). InFIGS. 8C-8D, the device (e.g., via tactile output generators167) generates secondtactile outputs9018 or9022 having a signature corresponding to an activation event (e.g.,waveform9020 and/or low amplitude “AL”). For example, after moving a cursor over an activatable user interface object (e.g., a hyperlink or navigation button associated therewith), causing the device to generate a first tactile feedback (e.g.,tactile output9014, as shown inFIG. 8B), the user pushes down with greater force on the touch-sensitive surface to activate the user interface object, and in response the device generates a second tactile feedback (e.g.,tactile output9018 inFIG. 8C ortactile output9022 inFIG. 8D) that feels different from the first tactile feedback (e.g.,tactile output9014 inFIG. 8B).
• FIGS. 8B and 8C illustrate an example where the second tactile output (e.g., tactile output9018) has a different movement profile (e.g., waveform9020), but substantially the same maximum amplitude (e.g., “AH”), as the first tactile output (e.g., tactile output9014). For example, the tactile feedback corresponding to activation of the user interface object feels different from, but is equally (or approximately) as strong as, the tactile feedback corresponding to selection of the user interface object. In contrast,FIGS. 8B and 8D illustrate an example where the second tactile output (e.g., tactile output9022) has substantially the same movement profile (e.g., waveform9024), but a different maximum amplitude (e.g. “AL”), as the first tactile output (e.g., tactile output9014). For example, the tactile feedback corresponding to activation of the user interface object feels similar to, but is noticeably stronger or weaker than, the tactile feedback corresponding to selection of the user interface object.
• FIGS. 8C-8E illustrate various examples where, in response to an increase of intensity ofcontact9010 above an activation intensity threshold (e.g., light press intensity threshold “IT_L”), wherecontact9010 corresponds to an area ondisplay450 occupied byfocus selector9006 located over user interface object9004-1, the user interface object is activated. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 8E, after the user pushes down harder on touch-sensitive surface451 (e.g., via contact9010), withcursor9006 positioned over navigation button9004-1, and lifts off the contact from the touch-sensitive surface (or, alternatively, reduces the intensity ofcontact9010 to an intensity between IT₀and IT_Lwithout liftingcontact9010 off of the touch-sensitive surface451), content associated with a hyperlink embedded within the navigation button is loaded onto web browser9004-1 (e.g., a new webpage is loaded on web browser9002).
• As described above, tactile outputs are, optionally, generated for a selection of a user interface object and an activation of a user interface object.FIGS. 8F-8H illustrate example waveforms of movement profiles for generating these tactile outputs.FIG. 8F illustrates a sawtooth waveform.FIG. 8G illustrates a square waveform andFIG. 8H illustrates a square waveform that has a lower amplitude than the square waveform ofFIG. 8G. The high-amplitude square movement profile inFIG. 8G is, optionally, associated with moving over (e.g., scrolling over) a user interface object; the tactile output generated for moving over (e.g., scrolling over) a user interface object is, optionally, generated in accordance with a high-amplitude square movement profile. The low-amplitude square movement profile inFIG. 8H is, optionally, associated with activation of a user interface object; the tactile output generated for activation of a user interface object are, optionally, generated in accordance with a low-amplitude square movement profile. The sawtooth movement profile inFIG. 8F is, optionally, associated with activation of a user interface object; the tactile output generated for activation of a user interface object is, optionally, generated in accordance with the sawtooth movement profile.
• FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating amethod9100 of providing feedback when interacting with a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments. Themethod9100 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device300,FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device100,FIG. 1A) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations inmethod9100 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
• As described below, themethod9100 provides an intuitive way to provide feedback when interacting with a user interface object. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when detecting feedback when interacting with a user interface object, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to detect feedback when interacting with a user interface object faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
• In some embodiments, the device displays (9102) one or more interface objects (e.g., user interface objects9004 including one or more of the affordances, controls, buttons or hyperlinks displayed in application window9002) on a display (e.g.,display450 inFIGS. 8A-8E.
• In some embodiments, while the device displays the user interface objects, the device detects (9104) a contact (e.g., contact9010) on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch sensitive surface451), where the contact corresponds to a focus selector (e.g., cursor9006) on a display (e.g., display450). In some embodiments, the contact is a finger contact. In some embodiments, the contact is the focus selector (e.g., when the device has a touch screen, the focus selector is, optionally, contact9010). In some embodiments, the contact corresponds to a cursor or selection box that is displayed on the display.
• In some embodiments, while the device displays the user interface objects, the device detects (9106) a gesture based on input from the contact (e.g.,movement9012 ofcontact9010 inFIGS. 8A-8B, increase of intensity ofcontact9010 inFIGS. 8B-8D, and/or liftoff ofcontact9010 inFIGS. 8C-8E). In some embodiments, the gesture includes a change in intensity of the contact. In some embodiments, the gesture includes movement of the contact. In some embodiments, the gesture includes both movement of the contact and a change in intensity of the contact.
• In some embodiments, in response (9108) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a respective user interface object (e.g., navigation button9004-1) without activating the respective user interface object (e.g., moving a mouse cursor over a button without activating the button), the device generates (9110) a first tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9014 inFIG. 8B) on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over the respective user interface object (e.g., navigation button9004-1). In some embodiments, the respective user interface object is a button, a hyperlink, a document icon, an application launch icon or another selectable affordance.
• In response (9108) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold (e.g., light press intensity threshold “IT_L”) while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, the device generates (9112) a second tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9018 inFIG. 8C or 9022 inFIG. 8D) on the touch-sensitive surface that corresponds to activation of the respective user interface object, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output. For example, where a “detent” (e.g.,tactile output9014 inFIG. 8B) that is generated on the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a user interface object feels different from a “click” (e.g.,tactile output9018 inFIG. 8C ortactile output9022 inFIG. 8D) that is generated on the touch-sensitive surface when a user activates the user interface object. In some embodiments, the first tactile output is more prominent (e.g., has a larger amplitude) than the second tactile output. In some embodiments, the second tactile output is more prominent (e.g., has a larger amplitude) than the first tactile output.
• In some embodiments, in response (9108) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold (e.g., light press intensity threshold “IT_L”) while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, the device activates (9114) the respective user interface object (e.g., loads content associated with a hyperlink embedded with navigation button9004-1, as illustrated inFIG. 8E). In some embodiments, activating the user interface object includes launching an application corresponding to an application icon or loading content associated with a hyperlink. In some embodiments, the respective user interface object is activated in response to detecting an increase in intensity of the contact above the activation intensity threshold (e.g., the down stroke of the press input). In some embodiments, the respective user interface object is activated in response to detecting an increase in intensity of the contact above the activation intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”) followed by a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the activation intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”) or a slightly lower hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., the up stroke of the press input). In some embodiments, the respective user interface object is activated in response to detecting an increase in intensity of the contact above the activation intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”) followed by a liftoff of the contact from the touch-sensitive surface.
• In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated (9116) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second dominant movement component, and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have substantially a same amplitude (e.g., high amplitude “AH” inFIGS. 8B-8C) and substantially different movement profiles (e.g.,square waveform9016 inFIGS. 8B and 8G andsawtooth waveform9020 inFIGS. 8C and 8F). In some embodiments, movement of the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to an initial impulse, ignoring any unintended resonance. In some embodiments, the movement profiles differ in their waveform shape (e.g., square, sine, squine, triangle or sawtooth waveform shape), waveform pulse width and/or waveform pulse period (e.g., frequency). For example, as illustrated inFIGS. 8B-8C, a “detent” that is generated on the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a user interface object has a square waveform movement profile (e.g.,waveform9016 inFIGS. 8B and 8G), whereas a “click” that is generated on the touch-sensitive surface when a user activates the user interface object has a sawtooth waveform movement profile (e.g.,waveform9020 inFIGS. 8C and 8F), or vice versa.
• In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated (9118) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second dominant movement component, and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a substantially same movement profile (e.g.,square waveform9016 inFIGS. 8B and 8G and square waveform and9024 inFIGS. 8D and 8H) and substantially different amplitudes (e.g., high amplitude “AH” inFIG. 8B and low amplitude “AL” inFIG. 8D). In some embodiments, movement of the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to an initial impulse, ignoring any unintended resonance. For example, as illustrated inFIGS. 8B and 8D, a “detent” that is generated on the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a user interface object has greater amplitude than a “click” that is generated on the touch-sensitive surface when a user activates the user interface object (e.g., high amplitude “AH” oftactile output9014 inFIG. 8B is greater than low amplitude “AL” oftactile output9022 inFIG. 8D), or vice versa.
• It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations inFIG. 9 have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner tomethod9100 described above with respect toFIG. 9. For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds and focus selectors described above with reference tomethod9100 optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds and focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.
• In accordance with some embodiments,FIG. 10 shows a functional block diagram of anelectronic device9200 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 10 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.
• As shown inFIG. 10, anelectronic device9200 includes adisplay unit9202 configured to display one or more user interface objects, a touch-sensitive surface unit9204 configured to receive user contacts, one ormore sensor units9206 configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit9204; and aprocessing unit9208 coupled to thedisplay unit9202, the touch-sensitive surface unit9204 and the one ormore sensor units9206. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9208 includes adisplay enabling unit9210, a detectingunit9212, agenerating unit9214 and an activatingunit9216.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9208 is configured to enable display (e.g., with the display enabling unit9210) of one or more user interface objects ondisplay unit9202. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9208 is configured to detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit9204 (e.g., with detecting unit9212), where the contact corresponds to a focus selector ondisplay unit9202. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9208 is further configured to detect a gesture based on input from the contact (e.g., with detecting unit9212); and in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a respective user interface object of the one or more user interface objects without activating the respective user interface object, theprocessing unit9208 is configured to generate a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit9204 that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over the respective user interface object (e.g., with the generating unit9214); and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, theprocessing unit9208 is configured to generate a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit9204 that corresponds to activation of the respective user interface object, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output (e.g., with the generating unit9214).
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9208 is further configured to, in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to an increase of intensity of the contact above an activation intensity threshold (e.g., IT_L) while the focus selector is over the respective user interface object, activate the respective user interface object (e.g., with the activating unit9216).
• In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9204 that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9204 that includes a second dominant movement component, and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a same amplitude and different movement profiles.
• In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9204 that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9204 that includes a second dominant movement component, and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a same movement profile and different amplitudes.
• The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect toFIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
• The operations described above with reference toFIG. 9 are, optionally, implemented by components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B orFIG. 10. For example,detection operations9104 and9106,determination operations9110,9112 and9114 andgeneration operations9110 and9112 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter170,event recognizer180, andevent handler190, respectively. Event monitor171 inevent sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display112, andevent dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to application136-1. Arespective event recognizer180 of application136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection or activation of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer180 activates anevent handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176 or objectupdater177 to update the applicationinternal state192. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses arespective GUI updater178 to update what is displayed by the application. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses a respectivetactile output generator167 to generate a tactile output. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B.
Providing Tactile Feedback that Distinguishes Between User Interface Objects
• Many electronic devices have graphical user interfaces that display application windows having separate regions for displaying content-independent affordances (e.g., affordances which are always displayed in the application window irrespective of the content displayed), e.g., “control regions,” and content-dependent affordances (e.g., affordances which are displayed in the application window only when a specific content is displayed), e.g., “content regions.” For example, a web browser window optionally includes a control region displaying affordances that perform an operation on content displayed in a content region (e.g., moving forward and backwards in the browser history, inputting a URL address or bookmarking a web page) without being dependent upon the content itself. Likewise, a web browser window optionally includes a content region displaying affordances that are integrated into the displayed content (e.g., a hyperlink, text box or drop-down menu) that are associated with the particular content being displayed (e.g., a web page). Given the complexity of a user interface environment where certain affordances displayed in an application window are content-independent and other affordances are content-dependent, there is a need to provide feedback that enables the user to more efficiently and conveniently navigate through the user interface environment.
• The embodiments described below provide improved methods and user interfaces for generating feedback to a user navigating a complex user interface environment. More specifically, these methods and user interfaces provide different tactile feedback to the user when a focus selector moves over an affordance displayed in a control region and an affordance displayed in a content region of an application window. The tactile feedback distinguishes between these two actions by providing physical cues that feel different to the user. In this fashion, the methods and user interfaces provided below allow the user to more efficiently and conveniently discern the type of affordance selected by providing tactile feedback, instead of or in addition to audible and/or visual feedback. Some methods for distinguishing between the selection and activation of a user interface object rely on an audible or visual cue. However, there are many situations (e.g., at work, in a theatre and in various social situations) where the volume of an electronic device will be lowered or muted, rendering audible cues ineffective. Advantageously, the methods and user interfaces described below augment or replace audible feedback by providing tactile feedback indicating the type or location of an affordance displayed in an application window.
• FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate exemplary user interfaces for providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 12A-12B.FIGS. 11A-11D include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a contact detection intensity threshold (e.g., “IT₀”) and a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”). In some embodiments, operations similar to those described below with reference to IT_Lare performed with reference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”). In some embodiments, the operations described below are not dependent on an intensity of the contact.FIGS. 11B-11D include waveform diagrams that show the amplitude (e.g., a high amplitude “AH” or low amplitude “AL”) and shape (e.g., square or triangle) of the waveform corresponding to tactile output generated on the touch-sensitive surface in response to a qualifying event (e.g., selection or activation of a user interface object). These waveform diagrams are typically not part of the displayed user interface, but are provided to aid in the interpretation of the figures.
• FIG. 11A illustrates exemplary user interface9316 displayingapplication window9302 that includes control region9304 (e.g., located above bar9308) and content region9306 (e.g., located below bar9308) distinct from the control region. InFIG. 11A, user interface9316 is displayed ondisplay450 of an electronic device that also includes touch-sensitive surface451 and one or more sensors for detecting intensity of contacts with touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, touch-sensitive surface451 is a touch screen display that isoptionally display450 or a separate display. User interface9316displays control region9304 that includes a plurality ofaffordances9312 for performing operations on content in the content region (e.g., icon9312-afor saving browser based content, icon9312-bfor navigating backwards in the browser's history and navigation bar9312-cfor inputting a web address). In some embodiments,control region9304 includes one or more content-dependent affordances. User interface9316displays content region9306 displaying content that includes one or more content-dependent affordances9314 (e.g., a navigation button9314-1 associated with a hyperlink) integrated into the content. User interface9316 also displayscursor9310, controllable by the user through contacts on touch-sensitive surface451. For example, detection of movement of a contact (e.g., a gesture) on touch-sensitive surface451 corresponds to movement ofcursor9310 on user interface9316.
• In some embodiments, the plurality of affordances in control region9304 (e.g.,affordances9312 inFIGS. 11A-11D) includes multiple content-independent controls that are displayed in the control region of the application without regard to the content that is displayed incontent region9306.
• In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451). In some embodiments, the device is portablemultifunction device100, the display is touch-sensitive display system112, and the touch-sensitive surface includestactile output generators167 on the display (FIG. 1A). For convenience of explanation, the embodiments described with reference toFIGS. 11A-11G andFIGS. 12A-12B will be discussed with reference to display450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface451, however analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system112 in response to detecting movement of the contacts described inFIGS. 11A-11G on the touch-sensitive display system112 while displaying the user interfaces shown inFIGS. 11A-11G on the touch-sensitive display system112; in such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective contact, a representative point corresponding to a contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system112, in place ofcursor9310.
• FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate various embodiments wherecursor9310, controlled bycontact9318 on touch-sensitive surface451 andmovement9320 thereof, moves over an affordance in either control region9304 (e.g., affordances9312) or content region9306 (e.g., navigation button9314-1). In response,tactile output generators167 provide different feedback (e.g.,tactile outputs9322,9326 and9330) to the user, identifying the affordances as located in either the control region or the content region. For example, depending on the location of the affordance (e.g., incontrol region9304 or content region9306), the tactile outputs have a different waveform (e.g.,square waveforms9324 and9332 or sawtooth waveform9328) and/or amplitude (e.g., a high amplitude “AH” or low amplitude “AL”) indicating to the user where the affordance is located, so that the user can tell based on the tactile output whether an affordance under or near the focus selector is a control affordance or a content affordance.
• FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate thatcontact9318, corresponding tocursor9310 displayed ondisplay450, and agesture including movement9320 of contact9318 (e.g., movement9320-aofcontact9318 from location9318-ainFIG. 11A to location9318-binFIG. 11B or movement9320-bofcontact9318 from location9318-binFIG. 11B to location9318-cinFIG. 11C orFIG. 11D) are detected on touch-sensitive surface451.Contact9318 is detected at a position on touch-sensitive surface451 corresponding to an area ondisplay450 occupied by focus selector9310 (e.g.,contact9318 corresponds to a focus selector on the display, such ascursor9310 which is at or near a location of web browser window9302). In some embodiments, movement ofcontact9318 on touch-sensitive surface451 corresponds to movement of focus selector (e.g., a cursor9310) on display450 (e.g., as illustrated inFIGS. 11A-11D).
• FIGS. 11A-11B illustrate an example of a beginning of a gesture wherecursor9310 moves over affordance9312-alocated incontrol region9304 ofweb browser window9302, in accordance with movement9320-aofcontact9318 on touch-sensitive surface451. InFIG. 11B, the device (e.g., via tactile output generators167) generates firsttactile output9322 having a signature corresponding to an affordance (e.g., icon9312-a) located in control region9304 (e.g.,waveform9324 and/or high amplitude “AH”).FIG. 11B illustrates an example where, in accordance with a determination that the focus selector (e.g., cursor9310) moves over an affordance displayed in a control region of an application window (e.g., icon9312-aincontrol region9304 of web browser9302), the electronic device generates a tactile output (e.g., tactile output9322) that corresponds to affordances located in the control region (e.g., that feels different from a tactile output generated in response to movement of the cursor over an affordance in a content region of an application window).
• FIGS. 11C-11D illustrate various examples where the device detects movement9320-bofcontact9318 on touch-sensitive surface451 that corresponds to movement ofcursor9310 past the boundary of control region9306 (e.g., below line9308) and over navigation button9314-1 located incontent region9306 ofweb browser window9302. InFIGS. 11C-11D, the device (e.g., via tactile output generators167) generates secondtactile outputs9326 or9330 having a signature corresponding to an affordance (e.g., navigation button9314-1) located in content region9306 (e.g.,sawtooth waveform9328 and/or asquare waveform9332 with low amplitude “AL”).FIGS. 11C-11D illustrate examples where, in accordance with a determination that the focus selector (e.g., cursor9310) moves over an affordance displayed in a control region of an application window (e.g., navigation button9314-1 incontrol region9304 of web browser window9302), the electronic device generates a tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9326 or9330) that corresponds to affordances located in the control region (e.g., that feels different from a tactile output generated in response to movement of the cursor over an affordance located in a control region of an application window).
• FIGS. 11B and 11C illustrate an example where the second tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9326 inFIG. 11C) has substantially the same maximum amplitude (e.g., high amplitude “AH”), but a substantially different movement profile (e.g., sawtooth waveform9328), as the first tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9322 inFIG. 11B having square waveform9324). For example, the tactile feedback corresponding to the movement ofcursor9310 over navigation button9314-1 located incontent region9306 is equally (or approximately) as strong as, but feels different from, the tactile feedback corresponding to the movement ofcursor9310 over icon9312-alocated incontrol region9304. In contrast,FIGS. 11B and 11D illustrate an example where the second tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9330 inFIG. 11D) has substantially the same movement profile (e.g., square waveform9324), but a different maximum amplitude (e.g. low amplitude “AL”), as the first tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9322 inFIG. 11B having a high amplitude “AH”). For example, the tactile feedback corresponding to the movement ofcursor9310 over navigation button9314-1 located incontent region9306 feels similar to, but is noticeably stronger or weaker than, the tactile feedback corresponding to the movement ofcursor9310 over icon9312-alocated incontrol region9306.
• As described above, tactile outputs are, optionally, generated for affordances located in a control region and a content region of a respective application window (e.g., web browser window9302).FIGS. 11E-11G illustrate example waveforms of movement profiles for generating these tactile outputs.FIG. 11E illustrates a sawtooth waveform.FIG. 11F illustrates a square waveform andFIG. 11G illustrates a square waveform that has a lower amplitude than the square waveform ofFIG. 11F. The high-amplitude square movement profile inFIG. 11F is, optionally, associated with movement of a focus selector over an affordance located in a control region of an application window; the tactile output generated for moving over (e.g., scrolling over) an affordance in a control region of an application window is, optionally, generated in accordance with a high-amplitude square movement profile. The low-amplitude square movement profile inFIG. 11G is, optionally, associated with movement of a focus selector over an affordance located in a content region of an application window; the tactile output generated for moving over (e.g., scrolling over) an affordance in a content region of an application window is, optionally, generated in accordance with a low-amplitude square movement profile. The sawtooth movement profile inFIG. 11E is, optionally, associated with movement of a focus selector over an affordance located in a content region of an application window; the tactile output generated for selection of an affordance in a content region of an application window is, optionally, generated in accordance with the sawtooth movement profile.
• FIGS. 12A-12B are flow diagrams illustrating amethod9400 of providing feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object in accordance with some embodiments. Themethod9400 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device300,FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device100,FIG. 1A) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations inmethod9400 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
• As described below, themethod9400 provides an intuitive way to provide feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when detecting feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to detect feedback when a focus selector moves over a user interface object faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
• In some embodiments, the device displays (9402) an application window (e.g.,web browser window9302 inFIGS. 11A-11D) that includes a control region (e.g.,control region9304 inFIGS. 11A-11D) and a content region (e.g.,content region9306 inFIGS. 11A-11D) distinct from the control region on a display (e.g.,display450 inFIGS. 11A-11D). In some embodiments, the control region includes (9404) a plurality of affordances for performing operations on content in the content region (e.g., icon9312-afor saving browser based content, icon9312-bfor navigating backwards in the browser's history and navigation bar9312-c for inputting a web address). In some embodiments, the plurality of affordances includes a toolbar of a web browser with buttons and drop down menus that are content-independent. In some embodiments, the plurality of affordances in the control region includes (9406) multiple content-independent controls that are displayed in the control region of the application without regard to the content that is displayed in the content region. For example, application-specific controls that are not content-dependent, such as back/forward/reload/home buttons in a web browser and bold/italic/underline buttons in a word processing application.
• In some embodiments, the content region displays (9408) content that includes one or more affordances (e.g., the hyperlinks shown in the webpage incontent region9306 including navigation button9314-1 inFIGS. 11A-11D) integrated into the content. For example, in some embodiments, the content is a webpage with a plurality of hyperlinks, text boxes, drop down menus and/or other selectable affordances that are content-dependent.
• In some embodiments, while the device displays an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region, the device detects (9410) a contact (e.g.,contact9318 inFIGS. 11A-11D) on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451 inFIGS. 11A-11D). In some embodiments, the contact is a finger contact.
• In some embodiments, while the device displays an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region, the device detects (9412) a gesture that includes movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,movement9320 ofcontact9318 inFIGS. 11A-11D) that corresponds to movement of a focus selector (e.g.,cursor9310 inFIGS. 11A-11D) on the display across the application window. In some embodiments, the contact is the focus selector (e.g., when the device has a touch screen, the focus selector is, optionally, contact9318). In some embodiments, the contact corresponds to a cursor or selection box that is displayed on the display.
• In some embodiments, in response (9414) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a first affordance in the control region (e.g., icon9312-aincontrol region9304 inFIG. 11B), the device generates (9416) a first tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9322 inFIG. 11B) on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451) that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the control region.
• In response (9414) to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a second affordance in the content region (e.g., navigation button9314-1 incontent region9306 inFIGS. 11C-11D), the device generates (9418) a second tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9326 inFIG. 11C ortactile output9330 inFIG. 11D) on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451) that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the content region, wherein the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output. For example, in some embodiments, a “detent” that is generated on the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a button in a toolbar of an application feels different from a “detent” that is generated on the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a hyperlink in content displayed in the application. In some embodiments, the first tactile output is more prominent (e.g., has a larger amplitude) than the second tactile output. In some embodiments, the second tactile output is more prominent (e.g., has a larger amplitude) than the first tactile output.
• In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated (9420) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second dominant movement component and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a substantially same amplitude (e.g., high amplitude “AH” inFIGS. 11B-11C) and substantially different movement profiles (e.g.,square waveform9324 inFIGS. 11B and 11F andsawtooth waveform9328 inFIGS. 11C and 11E). In some embodiments, movement of the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to an initial impulse, ignoring any unintended resonance. In some embodiments, the movement profiles differ in their waveform shape (e.g., square, sine, squine, triangle or sawtooth waveform shape), waveform pulse width and/or waveform pulse period (e.g., frequency). For example, as illustrated inFIGS. 11B-11C, a “detent” that is generated with the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a button in a toolbar of an application has a square waveform movement profile (e.g.,waveform9324 inFIGS. 11B and 11F), whereas a “detent” that is generated with the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a hyperlink in content displayed in the application has a sawtooth waveform movement profile (e.g.,waveform9328 inFIGS. 11C and 11E), or vice versa.
• In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated (9422) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a second dominant movement component and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have substantially a same movement profile (e.g.,square waveforms9324 inFIGS. 11B and 11F and square waveform inFIGS. 11D and 11G) and substantially different amplitudes (e.g., high amplitude “AH” inFIG. 11B and low amplitude “AL” inFIG. 11D). In some embodiments, movement of the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to an initial impulse, ignoring any unintended resonance. For example, as illustrated inFIGS. 11B and 11D, a “detent” that is generated with the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a button in a toolbar of an application has less amplitude than a “detent” that is generated with the touch-sensitive surface when a user moves a cursor/contact over a hyperlink in content displayed in the application (e.g., high amplitude “AH” oftactile output9322 inFIG. 11B is greater than low amplitude “AL” oftactile output9330 inFIG. 11D), or vice versa.
• It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations inFIGS. 12A-12B have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner tomethod9400 described above with respect toFIGS. 12A-12B. For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations and focus selectors described above with reference tomethod9400 optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations and focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.
• In accordance with some embodiments,FIG. 13 shows a functional block diagram of anelectronic device9500 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 13 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.
• As shown inFIG. 13, anelectronic device9500 includes adisplay unit9502 configured to display an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region, a touch-sensitive surface unit9504 configured to receive user contacts, optionally one ormore sensor units9506 configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit9504; and aprocessing unit9508 coupled to thedisplay unit9502, the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 and optionally the one ormore sensor units9506. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9508 includes adisplay enabling unit9510, a detectingunit9512 and agenerating unit9514.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9508 is configured to enable display (e.g., with the display enabling unit9510) of an application window that includes a control region and a content region distinct from the control region on the display, where the control region includes a plurality of affordances for performing operations on content in the content region and the content region displays content that includes one or more affordances integrated into the content. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9508 is further configured to detect a contact on the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 (e.g., with the detecting unit9512). In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9508 is further configured to detect a gesture that includes movement of the contact across the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 (e.g., with the detecting unit9512) that corresponds to movement of a focus selector on thedisplay unit9502 across the application window; and in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a first affordance in the control region, theprocessing unit9508 is configured to generate a first tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 (e.g., with the generating unit9514) that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the control region; and in accordance with a determination that the gesture corresponds to movement of the focus selector over a second affordance in the content region, theprocessing unit9508 is configured to generate a second tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 (e.g., with the generating unit9514) that corresponds to movement of the focus selector over an affordance in the content region, where the second tactile output is different from the first tactile output.
• In some embodiments, the plurality of affordances in the control region includes multiple content-independent controls that are displayed in the control region of the application without regard to the content that is displayed in the content region.
• In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 that includes a second dominant movement component and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a same amplitude and different movement profiles.
• In some embodiments, the first tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 that includes a first dominant movement component, the second tactile output is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9504 that includes a second dominant movement component and the first dominant movement component and the second dominant movement component have a same movement profile and different amplitudes.
• The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect toFIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
• The operations described above with reference toFIGS. 12A-12B are, optionally, implemented by components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B orFIG. 13. For example,detection operations9410 and9412,determination operations9416 and9418 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter170,event recognizer180 andevent handler190, respectively. Event monitor171 inevent sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display112, andevent dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to application136-1. Arespective event recognizer180 of application136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer180 activates anevent handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176 or objectupdater177 to update the applicationinternal state192. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses arespective GUI updater178 to update what is displayed by the application. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses a respectivetactile output generator167 to generate a tactile output on touch-sensitive surface451. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B.
Adjusting a Tactile Output Level in Accordance With an Adjustment of a Volume Level
• Many electronic devices also change output levels of sensory properties of the device in response to the enablement of a setting or mode of the device. However, there are sometimes a large number of sensory properties to adjust and adjusting output levels of these sensory properties separately can be confusing and difficult for users. The embodiments below provide a more convenient and intuitive user interface by adjusting a tactile output level of a device in tandem with an adjustment of a volume level of the device. Subsequently, the device provides the adjusted tactile output level in response to detection of a plurality of inputs on a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the tactile output level changes in parallel with the volume level. In some embodiments, the tactile output level changes inversely to the volume level.
• FIGS. 14A-14I illustrate exemplary user interfaces for adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 15A-15C.
• In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451). In some embodiments, the device is portablemultifunction device100, the display is touch-sensitive display system112, and the touch-sensitive surface includestactile output generators167 on the display (FIG. 1A). For convenience of explanation, the embodiments described with reference toFIGS. 14A-14I andFIGS. 15A-15C will be discussed with reference to display450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface451, however analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system112.
• FIG. 14A illustrates the device detecting a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface451, includingcontacts9602 and9604.FIG. 14A further illustratesvolume level9606 at a first level (e.g., L1).
• FIG. 14B illustrates the device providingtactile feedback9607 in accordance with atactile output level9608 in response to detecting the first plurality of inputs (e.g.,contacts9602 and9604).FIG. 14B further illustratesvolume level9606 at the first level (e.g., L1).
• FIG. 14C illustrates the volume level increasing by a respective amount (e.g., the difference betweenvolume level9606 and volume level9610) from a first non-zero volume level to a second non-zero volume level in response to a request to adjust the volume of the device by the respective amount (e.g., from L1 to a level above L1, both of which are non-zero volume levels in this example).FIG. 14C further illustrates adjusting the tactile output level (e.g.,tactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B) of the device by adjusting the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface451 in response to the request to adjustvolume level9606.FIG. 14C, for example, shows adjustedtactile output level9612 with an amplitude above A1 in contrast to the amplitude oftactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B at A1, both of which are non-zero tactile output levels in this example.
• In some embodiments, the request to adjust the volume of the device is received when a user depresses a physical button (e.g., a button for increasing or decreasing volume, or a rocker switch for adjusting the volume up or down depending on the direction in which it is depresses). In some embodiments, a request to adjust the volume of the device is received when the user makes a corresponding gesture on the touchsensitive surface451, for example, when the user slides a displayed volume indicator (displayed on the display450) in a direction corresponding to increased or decreased volume. In some embodiments, both modes of adjusting volume are available to the user.
• FIG. 14C further illustrates adjusting the tactile output level (e.g.,tactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B) of the device by adjusting the movement profile of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface451 in response to the request to adjustvolume level9606.FIG. 14C, for example, shows adjustedtactile output level9614 with a different waveform shape (e.g., triangular shape) in contrast to the waveform shape oftactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B (e.g., rectangular shape).
• FIG. 14C further illustrates adjusting the tactile output level (e.g.,tactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B) of the device by adjusting the amplitude and the movement profile of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface451 in response to the request to adjustvolume level9606.FIG. 14C, for example, shows adjustedtactile output level9616 with both a greater amplitude (e.g., above A1) and a different waveform shape (e.g., triangular shape) thantactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B (e.g., with an amplitude at A1 and a rectangular shape).
• FIG. 14D illustrates adjusting the tactile output level of the device by increasing the tactile output level in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level. In this example, the volume level (e.g.,volume level9606 inFIG. 14B) increases to a level above L1 (e.g., volume level9618).FIG. 14D further illustrates increasing thetactile output level9608 to adjustedtactile output level9620 in tandem withvolume level9618.
• FIG. 14E illustrates adjusting the tactile output level of the device by decreasing the tactile output level in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level. In this example, the volume level (e.g.,volume level9606 inFIG. 14B) decreases to a level below L1 level (e.g., volume level9622).FIG. 14E further illustrates decreasing thetactile output level9608 to adjusted tactile output level9624 (e.g., a non-zero level below Al) in tandem withvolume level9622.
• FIG. 14F illustrates adjusting the tactile output level of the device by decreasing the tactile output level in accordance with an increase in the volume level by a respective amount. In this example, the volume level (e.g.,volume level9606 inFIG. 14B) increases to a level above L1 (e.g., volume level9626).FIG. 14F further illustrates decreasing thetactile output level9608 to adjusted tactile output level9628—the inverse of the change in volume level tovolume level9626.
• FIG. 14G illustrates adjusting the tactile output level of the device by increasing the tactile output level in accordance with a decrease in the volume level by a respective amount. In this example, the volume level (e.g.,volume level9606 inFIG. 14B) decreases to a level below L1 (e.g., volume level9630).FIG. 14G further illustrates increasing thetactile output level9608 to adjusted tactile output level9632 above A1—the inverse of the change in volume level tovolume level9630.
• FIG. 14H illustrates the device detecting a second plurality of inputs (e.g.,contacts9634 and9636) on the touch-sensitive surface451. The device detectscontacts9634 and9636, for example, subsequent to adjusting the tactile output level of the device (e.g., from thetactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B to thetactile output level9612 inFIG. 14C).
• FIG. 141 illustrates the device providingtactile feedback9638 in accordance with adjustedtactile output level9612 and in response to detecting the second plurality of inputs (e.g.,contacts9634 and9636) on the touch-sensitive surface451.
• FIGS. 15A-15C are flow diagrams illustrating amethod9700 of adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level in accordance with some embodiments. Themethod9700 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device300,FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device100,FIG. 1A) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations inmethod9700 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
• As described below, themethod9700 provides an intuitive way to adjust a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when adjusting a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to adjust a tactile output level in accordance with an adjustment of a volume level faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
• The device detects (9702) a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface.FIG. 14A, for example, shows a first plurality of inputs (e.g.,contacts9602 and9604) on the touch-sensitive surface451.
• In response to detecting the first plurality of inputs, the device provides (9704) tactile feedback in accordance with a tactile output level of the device (e.g., the tactile output level corresponds to an average magnitude of tactile outputs, a magnitude of a reference tactile output generated by the device, or a magnitude of a maximum tactile output generated by the device).FIG. 14B, for example, shows the device providingtactile feedback9607 in accordance withtactile output level9608 and in response to detecting the first plurality of inputs (e.g.,contacts9602 and9604).
• The device receives (9706) a request to adjust a volume level (e.g., audio output level) of the device by a respective amount.FIG. 14C, for example, shows the request to adjust the volume level of the device by a respective amount (e.g., the difference betweenvolume level9606 andvolume level9610, both of which are non-zero volume levels in this example).
• In response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, the device adjusts (9710) the volume level by the respective amount from a first non-zero volume level to a second non-zero volume level.FIG. 14C, for example, shows increasing volume level9606 (e.g., at level L1, a non-zero volume level) to volume level9610 (e.g., at a level above L1, a non-zero volume level) in response to the request to adjust the volume level of the device.
• In response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, the device also adjusts (9712) the tactile output level of the device in accordance with the respective amount.FIG. 14C, for example, shows adjusting thetactile output level9608 to adjustedtactile output level9612 in response to the request to adjust the volume level of the device (e.g., from volume level9605 to volume level9608).
• In some embodiments, adjusting the tactile output level of the device comprises adjusting (9713) the tactile output level of the device, in accordance with the respective amount, from a first non-zero tactile output level to a second non-zero tactile output level.FIG. 14C, for example, shows adjustedtactile output level9612 with an amplitude above Al in contrast to the amplitude oftactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B at Al, both of which are non-zero tactile output levels in this example.
• In some embodiments, a respective tactile output that corresponds to a respective input on the touch-sensitive surface is generated (9714) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a dominant movement component that has a movement profile (e.g., a waveform shape such as square, sine, squine, sawtooth or triangle; and/or width/period) and an amplitude (e.g., movement corresponding to the initial impulse, ignoring any unintended resonance). In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (9716) the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., increasing or decreasing the amplitude of the initial impulse of the respective tactile output).FIG. 14C, for example, shows adjusting the amplitude oftactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B (e.g., with an amplitude at A1) to produce adjusted output level9612 (e.g., with an amplitude above A1), both of which are non-zero tactile output levels in this example.
• In some embodiments, a respective tactile output that corresponds to a respective input on the touch-sensitive surface is generated (9714) by movement of the touch-sensitive surface that includes a dominant movement component that has a movement profile (e.g., a waveform shape such as square, sine, squine, sawtooth or triangle; and/or width/period) and an amplitude (e.g., movement corresponding to the initial impulse, ignoring any unintended resonance). In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (9718) the movement profile of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., increasing or decreasing the width or shape of the initial impulse of the respective tactile output).FIG. 14C, for example, shows adjusting the movement profile oftactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B (e.g., with a rectangular waveform shape) to produce adjusted output level9614 (e.g., with a triangular waveform shape).
• In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (9718) the movement profile of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface and further includes adjusting (9720) the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface.FIG. 14C, for example, shows adjusting both the movement profile and the amplitude oftactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B (e.g., with a rectangular waveform shape and an amplitude at A1) to produce adjusted output level9616 (e.g., with a triangular waveform shape and an amplitude above A1).
• In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes increasing (9722) the tactile output level (e.g., the tactile output changes in tandem with the audio output). For example, when the audio output level is increased by 50% the tactile output level is increased by 50%.FIG. 14D, for example, shows volume level9618 (e.g., a 50% increase fromvolume level9606 inFIG. 14B) and adjusted tactile output level9620 (e.g., a 50% increase fromtactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B).
• In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes decreasing (9724) the tactile output level (e.g., the tactile output changes in tandem with the audio output). For example, when the audio output level is decreased by 50% the tactile output level is decreased by 50%.FIG. 14E, for example, shows volume level9622 (e.g., a 50% decrease fromvolume level9606 inFIG. 14B) and adjusted tactile output level9624 (e.g., a 50% decrease fromtactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B).
• In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes decreasing (9726) the tactile output level (e.g., the increased audio output is a replacement for the decreased tactile output). For example, when the audio output level is increased by 50% the tactile output level is decreased by 50%.FIG. 14F, for example, shows volume level9626 (e.g., a 50% increase fromvolume level9606 inFIG. 14B) and adjusted tactile output level9628 (e.g., a 50% decrease fromtactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B).
• In some embodiments, in response to the request (9708) to adjust the volume level, in accordance with a determination that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level, adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes increasing (9728) the tactile output level (e.g., the increased tactile output is a replacement for the decreased audio output). For example, when the audio output level is decreased by 50% the tactile output level is increased by 50%.FIG. 14G, for example, shows volume level9630 (e.g., a 50% decrease fromvolume level9606 inFIG. 14B) and adjusted tactile output level9632 (e.g., a 50% increase fromtactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B).
• In some embodiments, after adjusting the tactile output level of the device, the device detects (9730) a second plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface.FIG. 14H, for example, shows the device detecting a second plurality of inputs (e.g.,contacts9634 and9636) on the touch-sensitive surface451. The device detectscontacts9634 and9636 on the touch-sensitive surface451, for example, subsequent to adjusting the tactile output level of the device (e.g., fromtactile output level9608 inFIG. 14B to adjustedtactile output level9612 inFIG. 14C).
• In some embodiments, in response to detecting the second plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface, the device provides (9732) tactile feedback in accordance with the adjusted tactile output level.FIG. 141, for example, shows the device providingtactile feedback9638 in accordance with adjustedtactile output level9612. The device providestactile feedback9638, for example, subsequent to detecting the second plurality of inputs (e.g.,contacts9634 and9636) on the touch-sensitive surface451.
• It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations inFIGS. 15A-15C have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner tomethod9700 described above with respect toFIGS. 15A-15C. For example, the contacts (inputs), gestures and tactile sensations described above with reference tomethod9700 optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts (inputs), gestures, and tactile sensations described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.
• In accordance with some embodiments,FIG. 16 shows a functional block diagram of anelectronic device9800 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 16 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein989898.
• As shown inFIG. 16, anelectronic device9800 includes adisplay unit9802 configured to display information; a touch-sensitive surface unit9804 configured to receive inputs (e.g., contacts); atactile feedback unit9806 configured to provide tactile feedback (e.g., generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9804); anaudio unit9808 configured to produce an audio signal and an audio control signal in accordance with at least a volume level (optionally includes an audio speaker); and aprocessing unit9810 coupled to thedisplay unit9802, the touch-sensitive surface unit9804, thetactile feedback unit9806, and theaudio unit9808. In some embodiments,processing unit9810 includes a detectingunit9812, a providingunit9814, areceiving unit9816, an adjusting unit9818, and a determiningunit9820. Optionally,electronic device9800 further includes one ormore sensor units9824 configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit9804.
• Theprocessing unit9810 is configured to: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit9812) a first plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface unit9804; in response to detecting the first plurality of inputs, provide (e.g., with the providing unit9814) tactile feedback viatactile feedback unit9806 in accordance with a tactile output level of the device; and receive (e.g., with the receiving unit9816) a request to adjust a volume level of the device by a respective amount. Theprocessing unit9810 is further configured to, in response to the request to adjust the volume level: adjust (e.g., with adjusting the unit9818) the volume level by the respective amount; and adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the tactile output level of the device in accordance with the respective amount.
• In some embodiments, a respective tactile output that corresponds to a respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit9804 is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9804 that includes a dominant movement component that has a movement profile and an amplitude; adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit9804.
• In some embodiments, a respective tactile output that corresponds to a respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit9804 is generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit9804 that includes a dominant movement component that has a movement profile and an amplitude; adjusting the tactile output level of the device includes adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the movement profile of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit9804.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9810 is configured to adjust the tactile output level of the device by adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the movement profile and the amplitude of the respective tactile output that corresponds to the respective input on the touch-sensitive surface unit9804.
• In some embodiments, after adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the tactile output level of the device, theprocessing unit9810 is configured to detect (e.g., with the detecting unit9812) a second plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface unit9804; and in response to detecting the second plurality of inputs on the touch-sensitive surface unit9804, provide (e.g., with the providing unit9814) tactile feedback viatactile feedback unit9806 in accordance with the adjusted tactile output level.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9810 is configured to adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the output level of the device by: in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit9820) that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level, adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the tactile output level of the device includes increasing the tactile output level; and in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit9820) that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level, adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the tactile output level of the device includes decreasing the tactile output level.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit9810 is configured to adjust (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the output level of the device by: in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit9820) that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes increasing the volume level, adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the tactile output level of the device includes decreasing the tactile output level; and in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit9820) that adjusting the volume level by the respective amount includes decreasing the volume level, adjusting (e.g., with the adjusting unit9818) the tactile output level of the device includes increasing the tactile output level.
• The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect toFIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
• The operations described above with reference toFIGS. 15A-15C are, optionally, implemented by components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B orFIG. 16. For example, detectingoperations9702 and9728, providingoperations9704 and9730, receivingoperation9706, adjusting operations9710-9712, and determining operations9720-9726 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter170,event recognizer180, andevent handler190. Event monitor171 inevent sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display112, andevent dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to application136-1. Arespective event recognizer180 of application136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer180 activates anevent handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176 or objectupdater177 to update the applicationinternal state192. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses arespective GUI updater178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B.
Forgoing Generation of Tactile Output for a Multi-Contact Gesture
• Many electronic devices provide a form of confirmation to a user in response to an event being triggered by a user action. For example, when a user clicks on an affordance (e.g., an icon button) corresponding to respective content (e.g., an electronic document, an image, or a video), an audio output is provided via a speaker to the user to confirm that the user is clicking on the affordance. Similarly, for example, after a user clicks on a hyperlink corresponding to a webpage, a web browser displays some form of visual confirmation (e.g., a semicircular arrow spinning in a clockwise manner or a spinning globe) indicating that the webpage associated with the hyperlink is being loaded. However, this confirmation or feedback can be distracting or confusing to a user when it occurs in response to inputs that do not correspond to the feedback. The embodiments described below provide a more convenient and intuitive interface by generating a tactile output in response to detecting a gesture that includes a first number of contacts (e.g., one contact)and forging generating the tactile output if the gesture includes a second number of contacts (e.g., two or more contacts). Furthermore, in some embodiments, the device assigns less than all of a plurality of contacts to the gesture; thereby, excluding one or more of the plurality of contacts from the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria (e.g., shape, surface area, intensity, or chronological order).
• FIGS. 17A-17F illustrate exemplary user interfaces for generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts (e.g., a single contact gesture) and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts (e.g., a multi-contact gesture) in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIG. 18.FIGS. 17A-17F include intensity diagrams that show the current intensity of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface relative to a plurality of intensity thresholds including a respective threshold (e.g., “IT_L”). In some embodiments, operations similar to those described below with reference to “IT_L” are performed with reference to a different intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”).
• In some embodiments, the device is an electronic device with a separate display (e.g., display450) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive surface451). In some embodiments, the device is portablemultifunction device100, the display is touch-sensitive display system112, and the touch-sensitive surface includestactile output generators167 on the display (FIG. 1A). For convenience of explanation, the embodiments described with reference toFIGS. 17A-17F andFIG. 18 will be discussed with reference to display450 and a separate touch-sensitive surface451; however, analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system112 in response to detecting the contacts described inFIGS. 17A-17F on the touch-sensitive display system112 while displaying the user interfaces shown inFIGS. 17A-17F on the touch-sensitive display system112; in such embodiments, the focus selector is, optionally: a respective contact, a representative point corresponding to a contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system112, in place ofcursor9904.
• FIG. 17A illustrates auser interface9900 displayed on adisplay450 of an electronic device. In this example, theuser interface9900 is associated with an application (e.g., a web browser), and theuser interface9900 includesimage9902 and control icons9903 (e.g., next image button9903-1 and previous image button9903-2, associated with a sequence of images of the week).FIG. 17A further illustrates acontact9906 detected on touch-sensitive surface451 and a displayed representation of a focus selector (e.g., cursor9904) corresponding to contact9906. In this example,cursor9904 is located over next image button9903-1.FIG. 17A illustrates the intensity ofcontact9906 between IT₀and IT_L.
• FIGS. 17A-17B illustrates an example of detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface451, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of acontact9906 above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”). In this example, the intensity ofcontact9906 increases (e.g., from below IT_LinFIG. 17A to above IT_LinFIG. 17B) above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”).
• FIG. 17B illustrates an example of generating a tactile output (e.g., tactile output9910) on the touch sensitive451. In this example, the device generatestactile output9910 on the touch sensitive451 in response to detecting the gesture (e.g., the increase of intensity ofcontact9906 above IT_L) and in accordance a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts. In some embodiments, the first number of contacts is one contact.FIGS. 17A-17B illustrate detecting the gesture including one contact (e.g., contact9906).FIG. 17B further illustrates displayingimage9908 ondisplay450 in response to the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity ofcontact9906 above IT_L) whilecursor9904 is over next image button9903-1, which relates to the next image in the sequence of images of the week.
• FIG. 17C illustrates detecting two contacts (e.g.,contacts9912 and9914) on the touch-sensitive surface451. In this example,contact9912 corresponds to cursor9904 (e.g.,contact9912 was detected prior to contact9914).FIG. 17C further illustrates the intensities ofcontacts9912 and9914 between IT₀and IT_L.
• FIGS. 17C-17D illustrate an example of detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface451, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity ofcontact9912 above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”). In this example, the intensity ofcontact9912 increases (e.g., from below IT_LinFIG. 17C to above IT_LinFIG. 17D) above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”).
• FIGS. 17C-17D further illustrate a multi-touch pinch (zooming out) gesture. In this example, the multi-touch pinch gesture includescontact9912 moving from location9912-ainFIG. 17C to location9912-binFIG. 17D andcontact9914 moving from location9914-a inFIG. 17C to location9914-b inFIG. 17D (e.g.,contacts9912 and9914 are moving towards each other while remaining contact with the touch-sensitive surface451).FIGS. 17C-17D illustrate zooming out from, or reducing the size of,image9902 and control icons9903 (e.g.,image9902 and control icons9903 are displayed at a smaller size inFIG. 17D, in contrast toFIG. 17C) in response to the multi-touch pinch gesture.
• FIG. 17D illustrates an example of forgoing generating a tactile output on the touch sensitive451. In this example, the device forgoes generating the tactile output (e.g.,tactile output9910 inFIG. 17B is not generated) on the touch sensitive451 in response to detecting the gesture (e.g., the movement ofcontacts9912 and9914 toward each other that includes the increase of intensity ofcontact9912 above IT_L) and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts (e.g.,contacts9912 and9914). In some embodiments, the second number of contacts is two or more contacts.FIGS. 17C-17D illustrate detecting the gesture including two contacts (e.g.,contacts9912 and9914).
• FIG. 17E illustrates detecting a plurality of contacts (e.g.,contacts9918 and9920) on the touch-sensitive surface451. In this example,contact9918 corresponds to cursor9904 (e.g.,contact9918 was detected prior to contact9920), and the intensities ofcontacts9918 and9920 are between IT₀and IT_L.
• FIG. 17E further illustrates assigning one or more of the plurality of contacts, comprising less than all of the plurality of contacts, to the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria. In this example,contact9918 is assigned to the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria, but contact9920 (e.g., representing a portion of a user's palm on touch-sensitive surface451) is not assigned to the gesture (e.g.,contact9920 is not in accordance with predefined gesture criteria including shape and surface area, these predefined gesture criteria sometimes include accidental input rejection criteria such as palm rejection criteria that enable the device to ignore accidental contacts on the touch-sensitive surface such as a contact formed by the palm of a user's hand).
• FIGS. 17E-17F illustrate an example of detecting, on the touch-sensitive surface451, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact (e.g., contact9918) above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”). In this example, the intensity ofcontact9918 increases (e.g., from a level below IT_LinFIG. 17E to a level above IT_LinFIG. 17F) above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”).
• FIG. 17F illustrates an example of generating a tactile output (e.g., tactile output9910) on the touch sensitive451. In this example, the device generatestactile output9910 on the touch sensitive451 in response to detecting the gesture (e.g., the increase of intensity ofcontact9918 above IT_L) and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts (e.g., one contact, in thisexample contact9918, excluding contact9920).FIG. 17F further illustrates displayingimage9908 ondisplay450 in response to the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity ofcontact9918 above IT_L) whilecursor9904 is over next image button9903-1, which relates to the next image in the sequence of images of the week). In some embodiments, the next image button9903-1 is activated in response to an increase in intensity ofcontact9918 above IT_L(e.g., the down-stroke of a press input). In some embodiments, the next image button9903-1 is activated in response to a subsequent decrease in intensity ofcontact9918 below IT_L(e.g., the up-stroke of a press input).
• FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating amethod10000 of generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts (e.g., a single contact gesture) and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts (e.g., a multi-contact gesture) in accordance with some embodiments. Themethod10000 is performed at an electronic device (e.g.,device300,FIG. 3, or portablemultifunction device100,FIG. 1A) with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the display is a touch screen display and the touch-sensitive surface is on the display. In some embodiments, the display is separate from the touch-sensitive surface. Some operations inmethod10000 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.
• As described below, themethod10000 provides an intuitive way to generate a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgo generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user when generating a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgoing generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to generate a tactile output for a gesture having a first number of contacts and forgo generation of a tactile output for a gesture having a second number of contacts conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
• The device detects (10002), on a touch-sensitive surface, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold.FIGS. 17A-17B, for example, show a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of contact9906 (e.g., from below IT_LinFIG. 17A to above IT_LinFIG. 17B) above a respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”) on the touch-sensitive surface451.
• In some embodiments, the gesture includes (10004) a press input detected on the touch-sensitive surface while a focus selector is over a control icon (e.g., a button) displayed on the display.FIGS. 17A-17B, for example, show a press a press input detected on the touch-sensitive surface451 (e.g., the increase in the intensity ofcontact9906 from below IT_LinFIG. 17A to above IT_LinFIG. 17B) while a focus selector (e.g., cursor9904) is over a control icon (e.g., next image button9903-1) displayed on thedisplay450.
• In some embodiments, the respective intensity threshold is (10006) an activation threshold and the tactile output provides a confirmation to the user that the activation threshold has been met. For example, a tactile output confirming to the user that an operation has been performed, or a tactile output confirming to the user that an operation will be performed upon detecting an end of the gesture, such as liftoff of the contact.FIG. 17B, for example, showstactile output9910 on touch-sensitive surface451 providing confirmation to the user that the activation threshold has been met (e.g., the respective intensity threshold—IT_L).
• In response to detecting the gesture (10008) and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, the device generates (10010) a tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface.FIG. 17B, for example, showstactile output9910 generated on touch-sensitive surface451 in response to detecting the gesture (e.g., an increase in the intensity ofcontact9906 above IT_L) and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a first number of contacts (e.g., contact9906).
• In some embodiments, the first number of contacts is (10012) one contact (e.g., the tactile output is generated when the gesture is a single-contact press input).FIGS. 17A-17B, for example, show the gesture including one contact (e.g., contact9906).
• In some embodiments, the tactile output is (10014) a tactile output that corresponds to the increase of intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold. For example, the tactile output that is generated when the gesture includes a first number of contacts (and is not generated when the gesture includes a second number of contacts) is a tactile output that corresponds to the increase of intensity of a contact above a respective threshold (e.g., “IT_L”). In some embodiments, the tactile output is a simulation of a “mouse click” tactile output that is generated by the device when a contact exceeds a “down click” intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”) and the gesture is performed with a single contact (e.g., the user performs a press input with a single contact).FIG. 17B, for example, showstactile output9910 corresponding to the increase of intensity ofcontact9906 above the respective intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”).
• In some embodiments, the tactile output is (10016) a predefined tactile output (e.g., to simulate a “mouse click” sensation corresponding to depressing a physical actuator on a mouse or trackpad) that is generated when the user performs one of a set of predefined single-contact user interface object interaction operations in the user interface. For example, the tactile output corresponds to a “mouse click” sensation, where the “mouse click” sensation is provided in response to selection of user interface objects when the user is using the touch-sensitive surface as a single-contact trackpad (e.g., rather than a multi-contact gesture input area).
• In response to detecting the gesture and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts, the device forgoes (10018) generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface.FIG. 17D, for example, shows the device forgoing generation of the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface451 (e.g.,tactile output9910 inFIG. 17B is not generated) in response to detecting the gesture (e.g., an increase in the intensity ofcontact9912 from below IT_LinFIG. 17C to above IT_LinFIG. 17D) and in accordance with a determination that the gesture includes a second number of contacts (e.g.,contacts9912 and9914). In some embodiments, the tactile output is not generated when the gesture is performed with multiple contacts (e.g., the user performs a multi-contact gesture such as a pinch or depinch gesture).FIGS. 17C-17D, for example, show a multi-touch pinch gesture on touch-sensitive surface451.
• In some embodiments, the second number of contacts is (10020) two or more contacts (e.g., the tactile output is not generated when the gesture is a multi-contact pinch/depinch gesture).FIGS. 17C-17D, for example, show the pinch gesture including two or more contacts (e.g.,contacts9912 and9914).
• In some embodiments, the device detects (10022) a plurality of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface and assigns one or more of the plurality of contacts, comprising less than all of the plurality of contacts, to the first gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria. In some embodiments, one or more simultaneously detected contacts are excluded from the gesture (e.g., the device ignores palm contact or accidental contacts on the touch-sensitive surface). In some embodiments, predefined gesture criteria include: a shape of the one or more of the plurality of contacts, a surface area of the one or more of the plurality of contacts, an intensity of the one or more of the plurality of contacts, a predefined or chronological order of the plurality of contacts, or any combination thereof.
• FIGS. 17E-17F, for example, show the detection of a plurality of contacts (e.g.,contacts9918 and9920) on the touch-sensitive surface451.FIGS. 17E-17F, for example, also show the assignment of one of the plurality of contacts (e.g., contact9918), comprising less than all of the plurality of contacts, to the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria. For example, the shape and surface area of contact9918 (e.g., circular and approximately the surface area of a user's fingertip) are in accordance with the predefined gesture criteria, but the shape and surface area of contact9920 (e.g., oblong and having a surface area greater than a predefined maximum surface area for a touch contact) are not in accordance with predefined gesture criteria.
• It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations inFIG. 18 have been described is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that details of other processes described herein with respect to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) are also applicable in an analogous manner tomethod10000 described above with respect toFIG. 18. For example, the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described above with reference tomethod10000 optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, these details are not repeated here.
• In accordance with some embodiments,FIG. 19 shows a functional block diagram of anelectronic device10100 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. The functional blocks of the device are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described embodiments. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 19 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described embodiments. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.
• As shown inFIG. 19, anelectronic device10100 includes: adisplay unit10102 configured to display a graphical user interface; a touch-sensitive surface unit10104 configured to receive contacts; one ormore sensor units10106 configured to detect intensity of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface unit10104; atactile output unit10108 configured to generate a tactile output (e.g., generated by movement of the touch-sensitive surface unit10104); and aprocessing unit10110 coupled to thedisplay unit10102, the touch-sensitive surface unit10104, the one ormore sensor units10106, and thetactile output unit10108. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit10110 includes a detectingunit10112, a determiningunit10114, agenerating unit10116, and an assigningunit10118.
• Theprocessing unit10110 is configured to: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit10112), on the touch-sensitive surface unit10104, a gesture that includes an increase of intensity of a contact above a respective intensity threshold. Theprocessing unit10110 is further configured to, in response to detecting the gesture: in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit10114) that the gesture includes a first number of contacts, generate (e.g., with the generating unit10116) a tactile output via thetactile output unit10108 on the touch-sensitive surface unit10104; and in accordance with a determination (e.g., with the determining unit10114) that the gesture includes a second number of contacts different from the first number, forgo generating the tactile output on the touch-sensitive surface unit10104.
• In some embodiments, the tactile output is a tactile output that corresponds to the increase of intensity of the contact above the respective intensity threshold.
• In some embodiments, the tactile output is a predefined tactile output that is generated via thetactile output unit10108 when the user performs one of a set of predefined single-contact user interface object interaction operations in the user interface.
• In some embodiments, the first number of contacts is one contact, and the second number of contacts is two or more contacts.
• In some embodiments, the respective intensity threshold is an activation threshold and the tactile output provides a confirmation to the user that the activation threshold has been met.
• In some embodiments, the gesture includes a press input detected (e.g., with the detecting unit10112) on the touch-sensitive surface unit10104 while a focus selector is over a control icon displayed on thedisplay unit10102.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit10110 is further configured to: detect (e.g., with the detecting unit10112) a plurality of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface unit10104; and assign (e.g., with the assigning unit10118) one or more of the plurality of contacts, comprising less than all of the plurality of contacts, to the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria.
• The operations in the information processing methods described above are, optionally implemented by running one or more functional modules in information processing apparatus such as general purpose processors (e.g., as described above with respect toFIGS. 1A and 3) or application specific chips.
• The operations described above with reference toFIG. 18 are, optionally, implemented by components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B orFIG. 19. For example, detectingoperations10002 and10022, determiningoperations10010 and10018, and generatingoperation10010 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter170,event recognizer180, andevent handler190. Event monitor171 inevent sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display112, andevent dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to application136-1. Arespective event recognizer180 of application136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer180 activates anevent handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176 or objectupdater177 to update the applicationinternal state192. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses arespective GUI updater178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B.
• It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations have been described above is merely exemplary and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein. Additionally, it should be noted that the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) can be combined with each other in different arrangements. For example, the contacts, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and/or focus selectors described above with reference to any one of the various processes separately described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments) optionally have one or more of the characteristics of the contacts, gestures, user interface objects, tactile sensations, intensity thresholds, and focus selectors described herein with reference to one or more of the other methods described herein (e.g., those listed in the fifth paragraph of the Description of Embodiments). For brevity, all of the various possible combinations are not specifically enumerated here, but it should be understood that the claims described above may be combined in any way that is not precluded by mutually exclusive claim features.
• The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the various described embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the various described embodiments and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Claims (20)

What is claimed is:

1. A method, comprising:

at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive surface and a display:

displaying, on the display, a plurality of user interface objects, wherein each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions;

detecting movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects; and

in response to detecting the movement of the contact:

in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object, generating tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and

in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.

2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.

3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.

4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface.

5. The method ofclaim 1, wherein:

the plurality of user interface objects include application windows; and

the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows.

6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein:

the plurality of user interface objects are paragraphs; and

the subdivisions are words.

7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein:

the plurality of user interface objects are sentences; and

the subdivisions are words.

8. The method ofclaim 1, wherein:

the plurality of user interface objects are words; and

the subdivisions are letters.

9. The method ofclaim 1, wherein:

a respective user interface object of the plurality of user interface objects includes a hierarchy of subdivisions, including a level corresponding to a first class of subdivisions and a level corresponding to a second class of subdivisions; and

the method includes, in response to detecting the movement of the contact:

in accordance with a determination that first output criteria have been met, generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions without generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions; and

in accordance with a determination that second output criteria have been met, generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the first class of subdivisions and generating tactile outputs corresponding to subdivisions in the second class of subdivisions.

10. An electronic device, comprising:

a display;

a touch-sensitive surface;

one or more processors;

memory; and

one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:

displaying, on the display, a plurality of user interface objects, wherein each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions;

detecting movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects; and

in response to detecting the movement of the contact:

in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object, generating tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and

in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.

11. The electronic device ofclaim 10, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.

12. The electronic device ofclaim 10, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.

13. The electronic device ofclaim 10, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface.

14. The electronic device ofclaim 10, wherein:

the plurality of user interface objects include application windows; and

the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows.

15. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions which, when executed by an electronic device with one or more processors, a display and a touch-sensitive surface, cause the electronic device to perform operations comprising:

displaying, on the display, a plurality of user interface objects, wherein each of the plurality of user interface objects includes a plurality of subdivisions;

detecting movement of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface over a respective user interface object in the plurality of user interface objects; and

in response to detecting the movement of the contact:

in accordance with a determination that output criteria have been met, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has a velocity that is below a respective velocity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object, generating tactile outputs that correspond to a respective boundary of the respective user interface object and subdivisions of the respective user interface object; and

in accordance with a determination that the output criteria have not been met, generating tactile outputs that correspond to the respective boundary of the respective user interface object without generating tactile outputs that correspond to the subdivisions of the respective user interface object.

16. The computer readable storage medium ofclaim 15, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity above a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.

17. The computer readable storage medium ofclaim 15, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the contact has an intensity below a respective intensity threshold when the contact moves over the respective user interface object.

18. The computer readable storage medium ofclaim 15, wherein the output criteria include a criterion that the respective user interface object is displayed in an active window in the user interface.

19. The computer readable storage medium ofclaim 15, wherein:

the plurality of user interface objects include application windows; and

the subdivisions of the respective user interface object include selectable affordances within the application windows.

20. The computer readable storage medium ofclaim 15, including instructions which cause the device to:

detect a plurality of contacts on the touch-sensitive surface; and

assign one or more of the plurality of contacts, comprising less than all of the plurality of contacts, to the gesture in accordance with predefined gesture criteria.

Images