US20180275761A1 - Systems And Methods For Determining Haptic Effects For Multi-Touch Input - Google Patents

Abstract

A system of the present disclosure may include a haptic output device configured to output a haptic effect to a touch surface; a touch sensitive input device configured to detect a first user interaction and transmit a first sensor signal, the touch sensitive input device further configured to detect a second user interaction and transmit a second sensor signal, wherein at least part of the first user interaction occurs at the same time as the second user interaction; a processor in communication with the sensor, the processor configured to: receive the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal; determine a haptic effect based in part on the first user interaction and the second user interaction; transmit a haptic signal associated with the haptic effect to the haptic output device.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This Application claims the benefit of and is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/620,174, filed on Jun. 12, 2017, and entitled “Systems And Methods For Determining Haptic Effects For Multi-Touch Input,” which claims the benefit of and is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/336,548, filed on Jul. 21, 2014, and entitled “Systems And Methods For Determining Haptic Effects For Multi-Touch Input,” the entirety of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates to the field of user interface devices and haptic effects. More specifically, the present invention relates to determining a haptic effect associated with a multi-touch input.
BACKGROUND
• Touch enabled devices have become increasingly popular. For instance, mobile and other devices may be configured with touch-sensitive displays so that a user can provide input by touching portions of the touch-sensitive display. As another example, a touch enabled surface separate from a display may be used for input, such as a trackpad, mouse, or other device. Further, many of these touch enabled devices allow for multi-touch. Some touch enabled devices make use of haptic effects, for example, haptic effects associated with user interaction. There is a need to determine haptic effects associated with multi-touch input.
SUMMARY
• Embodiments of the present disclosure include devices configured to output haptic effects based on user interaction with a touch area. These haptic effects may simulate one or more features in a touch area. Features may comprise, for example, changes in texture, coefficient of friction, and/or simulation of boundaries, obstacles, or other discontinuities in the touch surface that can be perceived through user interaction with the device. In some embodiments, these haptic effects may comprise surface based effects that are perceived through contact with a touch surface. These haptic effects may further comprise vibrations that are felt through contact with the touch surface or housing of the device. Embodiments of the present disclosure determine these haptic effects based in part on multi-touch user interaction.
• In one embodiment, a system of the present disclosure may comprise: a haptic output device configured to output a haptic effect to a touch surface; a touch sensitive input device configured to detect a first user interaction and transmit a first sensor signal, the touch sensitive input device further configured to detect a second user interaction and transmit a second sensor signal, wherein at least part of the first user interaction occurs at the same time as the second user interaction; a processor in communication with the sensor, the processor configured to: receive the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal; determine a haptic effect based in part on the first user interaction and the second user interaction; transmit a haptic signal associated with the haptic effect to the haptic output device.
• This illustrative embodiment is mentioned not to limit or define the limits of the present subject matter, but to provide an example to aid understanding thereof. Illustrative embodiments are discussed in the Detailed Description, and further description is provided there. Advantages offered by various embodiments may be further understood by examining this specification and/or by practicing one or more embodiments of the claimed subject matter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• A full and enabling disclosure is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification. The specification makes reference to the following appended figures.
• FIG. 1A shows an illustrative system for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input;
• FIG. 1B shows an external view of one embodiment of the system shown inFIG. 1A;
• FIG. 1C illustrates an external view of another embodiment of the system shown inFIG. 1A;
• FIG. 2A illustrates another example embodiment for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input;
• FIG. 2B illustrates another example embodiment for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input;
• FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative system for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input;
• FIG. 4 depicts another illustrative system for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input;
• FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative system for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input;
• FIG. 6 depicts another illustrative system for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input;
• FIG. 7 is flow chart of steps for performing a method for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input; and
• FIG. 8 is another flow chart of steps for performing a method for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• Reference will now be made in detail to various and alternative illustrative embodiments and to the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation, and not as a limitation. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that this disclosure include modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Illustrative Example of Determining Haptic Effects for Multi-Touch Input
• One illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a computing system such as a smartphone, tablet, or portable music device. The computing system can include and/or may be in communication with one or more sensors, such as an accelerometer, as well as sensors (e.g., optical, resistive, or capacitive) for determining a location of a touch relative to a display area corresponding in this example to the screen of the device.
• In the illustrative device the sensors can detect multi-touch. For example, the multi-touch may comprise a user gesture of more than one finger, e.g., a two figure pinch or more complex user interaction such as interaction involving two hands. For example, the illustrative device may comprise a touch-screen display configured to detect multi-touch interaction.
• The illustrative device is further configured to output haptic effects in response to user interaction. For example, the illustrative device may comprise one or more haptic output devices such as actuators and/or devices configured to output haptic effects. For example, a haptic effect may be configured to change the coefficient of friction perceived by the user when moving his or her finger across the surface of the device. In one such embodiment, as the user's finger moves across the surface, a vibration, electric field, or other effect may be output to change the coefficient of friction felt by the user. Depending on how the friction is varied, the user may perceive a feature in the touch surface that would not otherwise be perceived in the same manner (or at all) if the surface friction were not varied. As a particular example, the friction may be varied so that the user perceives a bump, border, or other obstacle corresponding to an edge of a feature, for example, an on-screen widget such as a virtual button, slider, knob, or other interface. In some embodiments, this widget may be configured to control a system associated with the widget. For example, in one embodiment, the widget may comprise a virtual knob configured to control an HVAC system. Thus, by interacting with the virtual knob, a user may be able to adjust settings of the HVAC system.
• The processor of the illustrative device is configured to determine haptic effects based on multi-touch interaction. Thus, in some embodiments, the processor determines the haptic effect based in part on the multiple user contacts with the device, e.g., multiple contacts with a touchscreen display. For example, in the illustrative device, if the touchscreen detects a two-finger swipe, the processor may determine a haptic effect based in part on both points of contact. Further, in the illustrative device, if the touchscreen detects a more complex interaction involving many points of contact, the processor may determine a haptic effect based in part on each of the points of contact. Further, in some embodiments the device may comprise multiple different haptic output devices (e.g., a vibrating actuator and an ESF actuator). In such an embodiment, the processor may be configured to determine which of the haptic output devices to use to output the haptic effect. For example, the processor may determine that the haptic effect should be output by multiple haptic output devices.
• In some embodiments, the processor may determine the effect based on multiple factors associated with the multi-touch. For example, in some embodiments the multi-touch may be associated with features in a graphical user interface (e.g., buttons, keys, or graphical widgets in the user interface). In such an embodiment, the processor may determine the haptic effect based in part on these features. For example, in one embodiment, a finger may touch one virtual feature (e.g., a button) while the other finger touches another virtual feature (e.g., a slider). In such an embodiment, the processor may determine the haptic effect based in part on these features. For example, the processor may determine that the button overrides the slider and thus output a haptic effect associated with the button.
• Alternatively, the processor may determine that a specific haptic effect has a higher priority than another haptic effect, and thus output only the high priority effect. For example, the processor may determine that a haptic effect configured to simulate the edge of an object in the graphical user interface has a higher priority than other effects, and thus output only the edge effect. Alternatively, the processor may determine that only the most intense effect should be output. Thus, in some embodiments, the processor may determine a low intensity vibration and a high intensity vibration, but output only the high intensity vibration. Further, in some embodiments, the processor may determine which component of the multitouch is most likely to feel the effect, e.g., which of the user's fingers is most likely to feel the effect. In such an embodiment, the processor may output the haptic effect associated with that interaction of that finger.
• Further, in some embodiments, the processor may determine the haptic effect based on information associated with the multi-touch. For example, the processor may determine the haptic effect based on the user interaction that occurred first. In some embodiments, the processor may determine the haptic effect based on the most active user interaction (the interaction with the most movement), least active user interaction, or the user interaction applying the most pressure.
• In some embodiments, the processor may determine a haptic effect associated with each user interaction associated with the multi-touch, but output only one haptic effect. So, for example, the processor may determine an average of the haptic effects and output that average. Further, in some embodiments, the processor may determine which of the haptic effects is the most intense or has the highest priority. Further, in some embodiments, the processor may determine a superposition of the user interactions associated with the multi-touch. For example, the processor may determine a haptic effect associated with each of the points of contact. The processor may then apply a weighting to each of these haptic effects and combine them to determine a haptic effect to output.
• In still other embodiments, the user may assign a preference for how the haptic effect should be determined, e.g., assign a specific effect or assign a specific way of determining the haptic effect. In still other embodiments, the processor may determine to output no haptic effects. For example, the processor may determine that the haptic effect would be confusing or misleading to the user.
• In another embodiment, the processor may determine that the user interaction is associated with two different users (e.g., a first user and a second user). In such an embodiment the processor may determine a haptic effect associated with just one of the user interactions (e.g., an effect associated with only the first user). In another embodiment, the processor may determine a haptic effect associated with both user interactions (e.g., a haptic effect associated with the interactions of both the first user and the second user). In still another embodiment, the processor may determine that no haptic effect should be output.
• As will be discussed in further detail below, haptic effects associated with a multi-touch may be determined in any number of ways. Further, as discussed below, these methods may be used to provide many different types of information to the user.
Illustrative Systems for Determining Haptic Effects for Multi-Touch Input
• FIG. 1A shows anillustrative system100 for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input. In this example,system100 comprises acomputing device101 having aprocessor102 interfaced with other hardware viabus106. Amemory104, which can comprise any suitable tangible (and non-transitory) computer-readable medium such as RAM, ROM, EEPROM, or the like, embodies program components that configure operation of the computing device. In this example,computing device101 further includes one or morenetwork interface devices110, input/output (I/O)interface components112, andadditional storage114.
• Network device110 can represent one or more of any components that facilitate a network connection. Examples include, but are not limited to, wired interfaces such as Ethernet, USB, IEEE 1394, and/or wireless interfaces such as IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, or radio interfaces for accessing cellular telephone networks (e.g., transceiver/antenna for accessing a CDMA, GSM, UMTS, or other mobile communications networks).
• I/O components112 may be used to facilitate connection to devices such as one or more displays, keyboards, mice, speakers, microphones, and/or other hardware used to input data or output data.Storage114 represents nonvolatile storage such as magnetic, optical, or other storage media included indevice101.
• System100 further includes atouch surface116, which, in this example, is integrated intodevice101.Touch surface116 represents any surface that is configured to sense tactile input of a user. One ormore sensors108 are configured to detect a touch in a touch area when one or more objects (e.g., body parts such as fingers or hands or components such as a stylus or brush) contact a touch surface and provide appropriate data for use byprocessor102. One ormore sensors108 may be configured to sense a single touch or a multitouch and the pressure of a single touch or a multitouch (including the pressure of each touch within the multitouch). Any suitable number, type, or arrangement of sensors can be used. For example, resistive and/or capacitive sensors may be embedded intouch surface116 and used to determine the location of a touch and other information, such as pressure. In some embodiments, pressure sensors may be used to detect multitouch location or pressure. As another example, optical sensors with a view of the touch surface may be used to determine the touch position. In some embodiments, one ormore sensors108 may be configured to detect a multitouch associated with multiple locations on a device. For example, one ormore sensors108 may be configured to detect a touch on a touch surface as well as a touch on a housing of a device. Further, one ormore sensors108 may be configured to detect the pressure associated with each of these touches.
• In some embodiments,sensor108 andtouch surface116 may comprise a touch-screen or a touch-pad. For example, in some embodiments,touch surface116 andsensor108 may comprise a touch-screen mounted overtop of a display configured to receive a display signal and output an image to the user. In other embodiments, thesensor108 may comprise an LED detector. For example, in one embodiment,touch surface116 may comprise an LED finger detector mounted on the side of a display. In some embodiments, the processor is in communication with asingle sensor108, in other embodiments, the processor is in communication with a plurality ofsensors108, for example, a first touch-screen and a second touch screen. Thesensor108 is configured to detect user interaction, and based on the user interaction, transmit signals toprocessor102. In some embodiments,sensor108 may be configured to detect multiple aspects of the user interaction. For example,sensor108 may detect the speed and pressure of a user interaction, and incorporate this information into the interface signal.
• In this example, ahaptic output device118 in communication withprocessor102 is coupled to touchsurface116. In some embodiments,haptic output device118 is configured to output a haptic effect simulating a texture on the touch surface in response to a haptic signal. Additionally or alternatively,haptic output device118 may provide vibrotactile haptic effects that move the touch surface in a controlled manner. Some haptic effects may utilize an actuator coupled to a housing of the device, and some haptic effects may use multiple actuators in sequence and/or in concert. For example, in some embodiments, a surface texture may be simulated or the perceived coefficient of friction may be varied (e.g., reduced or increased) by vibrating the surface at different frequencies. In such an embodiment,haptic output device118 may comprise one or more of, for example, a piezoelectric actuator, an electric motor, an electro-magnetic actuator, a voice coil, a shape memory alloy, an electro-active polymer, a solenoid, an eccentric rotating mass motor (ERM), or a linear resonant actuator (LRA). In some embodiments,haptic output device118 may comprise a plurality of actuators, for example, an ERM and an LRA.
• Although a singlehaptic output device118 is shown here, embodiments may use multiple haptic output devices of the same or different type to output different types of effects or combinations of effects, for example, vibrations, pops, clicks, surface deformations, and/or surface based effects such as variations in the coefficient of friction or simulated surface textures. For example, in one embodiment, a piezoelectric actuator may be used to displace some or all oftouch surface116 vertically and/or horizontally at ultrasonic frequencies, such as by using an actuator moving at frequencies greater than 20 kHz. In some embodiments, multiple actuators such as eccentric rotating mass motors and linear resonant actuators can be used alone or in concert to provide vibrations or other haptic effects.
• In still other embodiments,haptic output device118 may use electrostatic attraction, for example by use of an electrostatic surface actuator, to simulate a texture on the surface oftouch surface116 or to vary the coefficient of friction the user feels when moving his or her finger acrosstouch surface116. For example, in one embodiment,haptic output device118 may comprise an electrovibrotactile display or any other device that applies voltages and currents instead of mechanical motion to generate a haptic effect. In such an embodiment, the electrostatic actuator may comprise a conducting layer and an insulating layer. In such an embodiment, the conducting layer may be any semiconductor or other conductive material, such as copper, aluminum, gold, or silver. And the insulating layer may be glass, plastic, polymer, or any other insulating material. Furthermore, theprocessor102 may operate the electrostatic actuator by applying an electric signal to the conducting layer. The electric signal may be an AC signal that, in some embodiments, capacitively couples the conducting layer with an object near or touchingtouch surface116. In some embodiments, the AC signal may be generated by a high-voltage amplifier.
• In other embodiments the capacitive coupling may simulate a friction coefficient or texture on the surface of thetouch surface116. For example, in one embodiment, the surface oftouch surface116 may be smooth, but the capacitive coupling may produce an attractive force between an object near the surface oftouch surface116. In some embodiments, varying the levels of attraction between the object and the conducting layer can vary the simulated texture on an object moving across the surface oftouch surface116. Furthermore, in some embodiments, an electrostatic actuator may be used in conjunction with traditional actuators to vary the simulated texture on the surface oftouch surface116 or output other effects. For example, the actuators may vibrate to simulate a change in the texture of the surface oftouch surface116, while at the same time; an electrostatic actuator may simulate a different texture on the surface oftouch surface116.
• One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that, in addition to varying the coefficient of friction, other techniques or methods can be used to simulate a texture on a surface. For example, in some embodiments, a texture may be simulated or output using a flexible surface layer configured to vary its texture based upon contact from a surface reconfigurable haptic substrate (including, but not limited to, e.g., fibers, nanotubes, electroactive polymers, piezoelectric elements, or shape memory allows) or a magnetorheological fluid. In another embodiment, surface texture may be varied by raising or lowering one or more surface features, for example, with a deforming mechanism, air or fluid pockets, local deformation of materials, resonant mechanical elements, piezoelectric materials, micro-electromechanical systems (“MEMS”) elements, thermal fluid pockets, MEMS pumps, variable porosity membranes, or laminar flow modulation.
• In some embodiments, an electrostatic actuator may be used to generate a haptic effect by stimulating parts of the body or objects near or touchingtouch surface116. For example, in some embodiments, an electrostatic actuator may stimulate the nerve endings in the skin of a user's finger or components in a stylus that can respond to the electrostatic actuator. The nerve endings in the skin, for example, may be stimulated and sense the electrostatic actuator (e.g., the capacitive coupling) as a vibration or some more specific sensation. For example, in one embodiment, a conducting layer of an electrostatic actuator may receive an AC voltage signal that couples with conductive parts of a user's finger. As the user touches thetouch surface116 and moves his or her finger on the touch surface, the user may sense a texture of prickliness, graininess, bumpiness, roughness, stickiness, or some other texture.
• Turning tomemory104,illustrative program components124,126, and128 are depicted to illustrate how a device can be configured in some embodiments to determine haptic effects for multi-touch input. In this example, adetection module124 configuresprocessor102 to monitortouch surface116 viasensor108 to determine a position of one or more touches. For example,module124 may samplesensor108 in order to track the presence or absence of a touch (or touches) and, if a touch is present, to track one or more of the location, path, velocity, acceleration, pressure and/or other characteristics of the touch (or touches) over time.
• Hapticeffect determination module126 represents a program component that analyzes data regarding touch characteristics to select a haptic effect to generate. Particularly,module126 may comprise code that determines a haptic effect to output. As discussed in further detail below, this determination may be made based in part on a multi-touch and characteristics associated with the multi-touch, such as the location of contact, number of contacts, time of contact, pressure of contact, activity of contact, or features associated with haptic effects, e.g., priority of effect, intensity of effect, or combinations of various determined haptic effects (e.g., the average or superposition of the effect). For example, some or all of the area oftouch surface116 may be mapped to a graphical user interface. Different haptic effects may be selected based on the location of each touch in order to simulate the presence of a feature by simulating a texture on a surface oftouch surface116 so that the feature is felt when a corresponding representation of the feature is seen in the interface. However, haptic effects may be provided viatouch surface116 even if a corresponding element is not displayed in the interface (e.g., a haptic effect may be provided if a boundary in the interface is crossed, even if the boundary is not displayed).
• Hapticeffect generation module128 represents programming that causesprocessor102 to generate and transmit a haptic signal toactuator118 to generate the selected haptic effect. For example,generation module128 may access stored waveforms or commands to send tohaptic output device118. As another example, hapticeffect generation module128 may receive a desired type of texture and utilize signal processing algorithms to generate an appropriate signal to send tohaptic output device118. As a further example, a desired texture may be indicated along with target coordinates for the texture and an appropriate waveform sent to one or more actuators to generate appropriate displacement of the surface (and/or other device components) to provide the texture. Some embodiments may utilize multiple haptic output devices in concert to simulate a feature. For instance, a variation in texture may be used to simulate crossing a boundary between a button on an interface while a vibrotactile effect simulates the response when the button is pressed.
• A touch surface may or may not overlay (or otherwise correspond to) a display, depending on the particular configuration of a computing system. InFIG. 1B, an external view of acomputing system100B is shown.Computing device101 includes a touch enableddisplay116 that combines a touch surface and a display of the device. The touch surface may correspond to the display exterior or one or more layers of material above the actual display components.
• FIG. 1C illustrates another example of a touch enabledcomputing system100C in which the touch surface does not overlay a display. In this example, acomputing device101 comprises atouch surface116 which may be mapped to a graphical user interface provided in adisplay122 that is included incomputing system120 interfaced todevice101. For example,computing device101 may comprise a mouse, trackpad, or other device, while computingsystem120 may comprise a desktop or laptop computer, set-top box (e.g., DVD player, DVR, cable television box), or another computing system. As another example,touch surface116 anddisplay122 may be disposed in the same device, such as a touch enabled trackpad in a laptopcomputer comprising display122. Whether integrated with a display or otherwise, the depiction of planar touch surfaces in the examples herein is not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments include curved or irregular touch enabled surfaces that are further configured to provide surface-based haptic effects.
• FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate an example embodiment of systems and methods for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input.FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an external view of asystem200 comprising acomputing device201 that comprises a touch enableddisplay202.FIG. 2B shows a cross-sectional view ofdevice201.Device201 may be configured similarly todevice101 ofFIG. 1A, though components such as the processor, memory, sensors, and the like are not shown in this view for purposes of clarity.
• As can be seen inFIG. 2B,device201 comprises a plurality of haptic output devices218 and an additionalhaptic output device222. Haptic output device218-1 may comprise an actuator configured to impart vertical force to display202, while218-2 may movedisplay202 laterally. In this example, thehaptic output devices218,222 are coupled directly to the display, but it should be understood that thehaptic output devices218,222 could be coupled to another touch surface, such as a layer of material on top ofdisplay202. Furthermore it should be understood that one or more ofhaptic output devices218 or222 may comprise an electrostatic actuator, as discussed above. Furthermore,haptic output device222 may be coupled to a housing containing the components ofdevice201. In the examples ofFIGS. 2A-2B, the area ofdisplay202 corresponds to the touch area, though the principles could be applied to a touch surface completely separate from the display.
• In one embodiment, haptic output devices218 each comprise a piezoelectric actuator, while additionalhaptic output device222 comprises an eccentric rotating mass motor, a linear resonant actuator, or another piezoelectric actuator.Haptic output device222 can be configured to provide a vibrotactile haptic effect in response to a haptic signal from the processor. The vibrotactile haptic effect can be utilized in conjunction with surface-based haptic effects and/or for other purposes. For example, each actuator may be used in conjunction to simulate a texture on the surface ofdisplay202.
• In some embodiments, either or both haptic output devices218-1 and218-2 can comprise an actuator other than a piezoelectric actuator. For example, haptic output devices218-1 and218-2 may comprise a piezoelectric actuator, an electromagnetic actuator, an electroactive polymer, a shape memory alloy, a flexible composite piezo actuator (e.g., an actuator comprising a flexible material), electrostatic, and/or magnetostrictive actuators, for example. Additionally,haptic output device222 is shown, although multiple other haptic output devices can be coupled to the housing ofdevice201 and/orhaptic output devices222 may be coupled elsewhere.Device201 may feature multiple haptic output devices218-1/218-2 coupled to the touch surface at different locations, as well.
Illustrative Systems for Determining Haptic Effects for Multi-Touch Input
• Turning now toFIG. 3,system300 is an illustrative example of determining haptic effects for multi-touch input.FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an external view of asystem300 comprising acomputing device301 that comprises a touch enabled display302. In some embodiments,computing device301 may comprise a multifunction controller. For example, a controller for use in a kiosk, ATM, automobile, airplane, thermostat, or other type of computing device. In other embodiments,computing device301 may comprise a smartphone, tablet, or other type of computer. Further, in some embodiments,computing device301 may comprise one or more virtual controllers on display302.
• As shown inFIG. 3, touch enabled display302 is configured to detect a multi-touch. Thus, touch enabled display302 is configured to detect more than one user interaction occurring at substantially the same time. These multi-touch interactions may control many different operations ofcomputing device301. For example, multi-touch interactions may enable the user to: zoom in, zoom out, change to different screens, pan through images, interact with specific interfaces (e.g., keyboards, buttons, sliders, or other interfaces), interact with gaming environments, or perform other multi-touch interactions enabled by software executing oncomputing device301.
• FIG. 3 comprises three examples of multi-touch interactions: fourfinger pinch304, twofinger pinch306, and twofinger reverse pinch308. A user may make a fourfinger pinch304 gesture by pinching four fingers together on the surface of touch enabled display302. In some embodiments, a four finger pinch may causecomputing device301 to perform operations such as returning to a home screen. A user may make twofinger pinch306 by pinching together two fingers, e.g., a thumb and forefinger. In some embodiments, a two finger pinch may causecomputing device301 to perform operations such as zooming out from an image, web page, video, or other content. A user may make twofinger reverse pinch308 by pushing apart two fingers, e.g., a thumb and forefinger. In some embodiments, a two finger reverse pinch may causecomputing device301 to perform operations such as zooming in on an image, web page, video, or other content.
• As described in further detail above and below, as the user makes a multi-touch gesture on the touch enabled display302computing device301 determines one or more haptic effects. These haptic effects are based on factors associated with the multi-touch.Computing device301 then outputs these haptic effects via one or more haptic output devices. These haptic effects may serve as confirmation of receipt of the gesture. Alternatively, the haptic effects may identify other information to the user, e.g., that the user's finger has passed a boundary, that a specific operation has started, that the display information has changed, or some other information associated withcomputing device301.
• Turning now toFIG. 4,system400 is an illustrative example of determining haptic effects for multi-touch input.FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an external view of asystem400 comprising acomputing device401 that comprises a touch enabled display402. As withcomputing device301, described with regard toFIG. 3, in some embodiments,computing device401 may comprise a multifunction controller. For example, a controller for use in a kiosk, ATM, automobile, airplane, thermostat, or other type of computing device. In other embodiments,computing device401 may comprise a smartphone, tablet, or other type of computer. In one embodiment,computing device401 may be configured to control a music player. In such an embodiment,computing device401 may comprise one or more virtual controllers on display402.
• These controllers may be associated with functions of a music player, thus the user may interact with the controllers to control functions of the music player. For example, in the embodiment shown inFIG. 4, thecomputing device401 comprises one or more widgets or virtual interfaces, shown inFIG. 4 ascontroller404 andcontroller406. In such an embodiment,controller404 may comprise an image of a knob configured to control settings of the music player, e.g., a knob to tune to a radio station, select a new song, or adjust the volume. Similarly,controller406 may comprise an image of a slider configured to adjust another feature of the music player. In other embodiments,computing device401 may comprise a plurality of other virtual controllers on touch enabled display, each of the virtual controllers configured to control other aspects of a system, for example, a music player or other system.
• In some embodiments, thecomputing device401 may output a haptic effect to allow the user to identify the available functions without having to visually focus on touch enabled display402. For example, the background of touch enabled display402,knob404, andslider406 may each comprise a separate associated haptic effect.Computing device401 may output this haptic effect to identify the location the user is touching, without the user having to visually focus on touch enabled display402. Thecomputing device401 is further configured to determine a haptic effect based on a multi-touch gesture on touch enabled display402 (e.g., when the user interacts withknob404 andslider406 at the same time).
• Thecomputing device401 may determine haptic effects based on many characteristics of the multi-touch. For example, in one embodiment, thecomputing device401 may determine the haptic effect based on the first icon the user touches. For example,knob404 andslider406 may each comprise a different associated haptic effect.Computing device401 may output the haptic effect associated with the first icon touched by the user. Thus, if thecomputing device401 determines that the user touched theknob404 beforeslider406,computing device401 will output the haptic effect associated withknob404.
• In another embodiment,computing device401 may determine a priority associated with each icon and output the haptic effect associated with the icon that has the highest priority. For example, in one embodiment,knob404 may comprise a priority of 3 andslider406 may comprise a priority of 2. Thus, computing device may output the haptic effect associated withslider406 rather than the haptic effect associated withknob404. In some embodiments, these priorities may be set by user preference. For example, thecomputing device401 may comprise programming that allows the user to set a priority value for each icon. Further, in some embodiments the user may be able to assign specific haptic effects to each icon.
• In still other embodiments, thecomputing device401 may determine two separate haptic effects, but output only one of the two haptic effects. For example, in some embodiments the processor may determine the most intense haptic effect and output only that effect. Alternatively, in some embodiments the processor may output the haptic effect comprising the highest associated priority. For example, each haptic effect may comprise its own priority. In such an embodiment, these priorities may have been assigned by the designer or based on user preferences.
• In still other embodiments, thecomputing device401 may determine a third haptic effect based on the two haptic effects and output the third haptic effect. For example, in some embodiments the third haptic effect may comprise an average of the two haptic effects. Further, in some embodiments, the haptic effect may comprise a superposition of the two effects. This superposition may comprise a weighted combination or weighted average of the two effects. For example, thecomputing device401 may assign a weight to each haptic effect (e.g., weights of 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, or 0). Thecomputing device401 may then determine a third haptic effect that is the combination of the two weighted haptic effects or the average of the two weighted effects.
• Further, in some embodiments touch enabled display402 may receive a third, fourth fifth, or more user interaction, e.g., a multi-touch with many additional contacts.Computing device401 may be configured to determine haptic effects associated with each of these multi-touches, e.g., based on the first interactions of the multi-touch, the interaction with the highest priority, or determine effects based on a combination of the effect associated with each interaction.
• In some embodiments,computing device401 may comprise a plurality of haptic output devices, e.g., a vibrating actuator and an ESF actuator. In such an embodiment,computing device401 may be configured to determine the haptic effect based in part on the haptic output devices. For example, in one embodiment, each haptic output device may comprise an associated priority. For example, in some embodiments, haptic effects output by the ESF actuator may comprise a higher priority than other haptic effects. In other embodiments,computing device401 may consider additional characteristics. For example, in some embodiments, ESF based haptic effects are detectable only when the user is in motion (e.g., moving over the actuated surface). In such an embodiment,computing device401 may determine that haptic effects to be output by the ESF actuator have a low priority, or should not be output, if the user interaction is not moving on a surface or the movement is below a certain threshold.
• Further, in some embodiments the computing device may determine the haptic effect based on the haptic output device and the location of contact. For example, in some embodiments the computing device may comprise a housing with shape deformation functionality and an ESF actuator. In such an embodiment, the computing device may determine a haptic effect configured to deform the housing only if the user is in contact with the housing. Similarly, the computing device may determine an ESF based haptic effect only if the user is interacting with a touch surface coupled to the ESF actuator. In other embodiments, the computing device may assign higher or lower priorities to haptic effects and haptic output devices based on similar determinations.
• Turning now toFIG. 5,system500 is an illustrative example of determining haptic effects for multi-touch input.FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an external view of asystem500 comprising acomputing device501 that comprises a touch enableddisplay502. As withcomputing device301, described with regard toFIG. 3, in some embodiments,computing device501 may comprise a multifunction controller configured to control a plurality of different types of devices or a mobile device such as a tablet, smartphone, or other handheld device.
• As described above, touch enableddisplay502 is configured to detect a multi-touch. Further,computing device501 is configured to determine a haptic effect based in part on the multi-touch.FIG. 5 shows twouser interactions504 and506 on the surface of touch enableddisplay502. As shown inFIG. 5,user interaction504 is a relatively inactive user interaction, e.g., an interaction with relatively little movement (shown as a short line). Further,user interaction506 is a relatively active user interaction, e.g., an interaction with a relatively large amount of user movement (shown as a longer line).
• In the embodiment shown inFIG. 5,computing device501 may determine the haptic effect based on the moreactive user interaction506. Thus,computing device501 may determine the haptic effect based on this specific interaction, e.g., the location of touch enableddisplay502 associated with this interaction or other information associated withinteraction506.
• In some embodiments haptic effects generated using Electrostatic Friction (ESF) may be felt only when in motion, e.g., when the finger is moving across the touch surface. Thus, in some embodiments, ESF based haptic effects may be output only when the user is moving. Alternatively, in some embodiments, ESF effects may be assigned a high priority if the user is currently moving and a low priority if the user is not moving.
• Turning now toFIG. 6,system600 is an illustrative example of determining haptic effects for multi-touch input.FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an external view of asystem600 comprising acomputing device601 that comprises a touch enableddisplay602. As withcomputing device301, described with regard toFIG. 3, in some embodiments,computing device601 may comprise a multifunction controller configured to control a plurality of different types of devices or a mobile device such as a tablet, smartphone, or other handheld device.
• As described above, touch enableddisplay602 is configured to detect a multi-touch. Further,computing device601 is configured to determine a haptic effect based in part on the multi-touch.FIG. 6 shows twouser interactions604 and606 on the surface of touch enableddisplay602. As shown inFIG. 6,user interaction604 is a relatively low pressure user interaction, e.g., an interaction wherein the user has a relatively soft touch on the surface of touch enabled display602 (shown as a smaller ellipse). Further,user interaction606 is a relatively high pressure user interaction, e.g., an interaction wherein the user applies a relatively large amount of pressure to the surface of touch enabled display602 (shown as a larger ellipse).
• In the embodiment shown inFIG. 6,computing device601 may determine the haptic effect based on the higherpressure user interaction606. Thus,computing device601 may determine the haptic effect based on this specific interaction, e.g., the location of touch enableddisplay602 associated with this interaction or other information associated withinteraction606.
• In some embodiments, the processor may determine that the user interaction is associated with two different users (e.g., a first user and a second user). In such an embodiment the processor may determine a haptic effect associated with just one of the user interactions (e.g., an effect associated with only the first user). In another embodiment, the processor may determine a haptic effect associated with both user interactions (e.g., a haptic effect associated with the interactions of both the first user and the second user). In some embodiments, the device may comprise two or more haptic output devices and the processor may assign one haptic output device to one user and another haptic output device to another user (e.g., interaction fromuser 1 will be associated with effects from an ESF actuator and interaction from user 2 will be associated with effects from a vibrating actuator). In still another embodiment, the processor may determine that in such an embodiment no haptic effect should be output.
• In some embodiments, the processor may determine the haptic effect based in part on how the user will feel the effect. For example, in some embodiments the computing device may comprise only a vibrating actuator. In such an embodiment, the processor may determine a haptic effect associated with user interaction with the housing (e.g., gripping the housing) has a higher priority than user interaction with a touch surface because the haptic effect will be more strongly felt through the hand holding the device. Similarly, a computing device that comprises only an ESF actuator may assign a higher priority to user interaction with a touch surface because the haptic effect will be perceived through interaction with the touch surface.
• In still other embodiments, the device may comprise a plurality of haptic output devices. In such an embodiment, the processor may be configured to determine haptic effects to be output by each of the plurality of haptic output devices simultaneously. For example, the processor may determine a haptic effect associated with each user interaction and each haptic output device. The processor may weight these effects and interactions as discussed herein. The processor may then cause each haptic output device to output the determined haptic effect. Thus, the haptic effect associated with the multitouch may comprise a composite effect generated by multiple haptic output devices.
Illustrative Methods for Determining Haptic Effects for Multi-Touch Input
• FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing anillustrative method700 for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input. In some embodiments, the steps inFIG. 7 may be implemented in program code that is executed by a processor, for example, the processor in a general purpose computer, a mobile device, or a server. In some embodiments, these steps may be implemented by a group of processors. The steps below are described with reference to components described above with regard tosystem100 shown inFIG. 1.
• Themethod700 begins atstep702 when asensor108 transmits a first sensor signal associated with a first user interaction.Sensor108 may comprise one or more of a plurality of sensors known in the art, for example, resistive and/or capacitive sensors may be embedded intouch surface116 and used byprocessor102 to determine the location of a touch and other information, such as pressure. As another example, optical sensors with a view of the touch surface may be used to determine the touch position. In still other embodiments,sensors108 andtouch surface116 may comprise a touch screen display. Further, upon detecting a first interaction,sensors108 may send a signal associated with that interaction toprocessor102. In some embodiments, the sensor signal may comprise the location of the user interaction. For example a location on the surface of atouch surface116. Furthermore, in some embodiments, this location may be associated with a virtual interface or “widget” of the type described above. Similarly, in some embodiments, the sensor signal may comprise data associated with the time of contact, speed, pressure, or force of the user interaction. For example, the sensor signal may indicate how fast the user's finger is moving, or whether the user is pressing with force ontotouch surface116.
• Next,sensor108 transmits a second sensor signal associated with asecond user interaction704. In some embodiments the first user interaction and the second user interaction may occur at substantially the same time.Sensor108 may comprise one or more of a plurality of sensors known in the art, for example, resistive and/or capacitive sensors may be embedded intouch surface116 and used to determine the location of a touch and other information, such as pressure. As another example, optical sensors with a view of the touch surface may be used to determine the touch position. In still other embodiments,sensors108 andtouch surface116 may comprise a touch screen display. Further, upon detecting a first interaction,sensors108 may send a signal associated with that interaction toprocessor102. In some embodiments, the sensor signal may comprise the location of the user interaction. For example a location on the surface of atouch surface116. Furthermore, in some embodiments, this location may be associated with a virtual interface or “widget” of the type described above. Similarly, in some embodiments, the sensor signal may comprise data associated with the time of contact, speed, pressure, or force of the user interaction. For example, the sensor signal may indicate how fast the user's finger is moving, or whether the user is pressing with force ontotouch surface116.
• Next theprocessor102 receives the first and second sensor signals706. As described above, the processor may receive the sensor signals from asingle sensor108 or a plurality of different sensors configured to measure different types of user interaction (e.g., movement sensors, inclination sensors, touch sensors, buttons, sliders, or other types of sensors).
• The method continues whenprocessor102 determines a haptic effect based in part on the first user interaction and thesecond user interaction708. The processor may rely on programming contained in hapticeffect determination module126 to select or determine the haptic effect. For example, theprocessor102 may access drive signals stored inmemory104 and associated with particular haptic effects. As another example, theprocessor102 may generate a signal by accessing a stored algorithm and inputting parameters associated with an effect. For example, an algorithm may output data for use in generating a drive signal based on amplitude and frequency parameters. As another example, a haptic signal may comprise data sent tohaptic output device118 to be decoded byhaptic output device118. For instance, thehaptic output device118 may itself respond to commands specifying parameters such as amplitude and frequency.
• In some embodiments, the haptic effect may be one of a plurality of available textures. For example, the plurality of textures may comprise one or more of the textures of: water, grass, ice, metal, sand, gravel, brick, fur, leather, skin, fabric, rubber, leaves, or any other available texture, for example, a texture associated with explosions or fire. In some embodiments, the texture may be associated with a feature of a user interface, such as a widget displayed to the user. For example, in one embodiment, a specific texture may be associated with a virtual dial, for example, the texture of sand. Further, in such an embodiment, as the user interacts with the virtual dial, for example, by modifying the angular rotation of the virtual dial, theprocessor102 may output a different texture. For example, as the user turns the virtual dial, the haptic effect may be configured to simulate a change in the coarseness of the sand. Thus, as the user turns the virtual dial in one direction, the user may feel a haptic effect that simulates gravel, and as the user turns the virtual dial the other direction the user may feel a haptic effect that simulates the feeling of a powder. In still other embodiments the haptic effect may comprise a vibration or a surface based effect configured to vary the friction the user perceives when interacting with the surface of a touch enabled display or other touch surface.
• In some embodiments the processor may determine the haptic effect based on the operations described with regard toFIG. 8 andflow chart800. In some embodiments, theprocessor102 may determine the effect based on multiple factors associated with the multi-touch. For example, in some embodiments the multi-touch may be associated with features in a graphical user interface (e.g., buttons, keys, or graphical widgets in the user interface). In such an embodiment, the processor may determine the haptic effect based in part on these features. For example, in one embodiment, a finger may touch one virtual feature (e.g., a button) while the other finger touches another virtual feature (e.g., a background area). In such an embodiment, the processor may determine the haptic effect based in part on these features. For example, theprocessor102 may determine that the button overrides the background, and thus output a haptic effect associated with the button.
• Alternatively, theprocessor102 may determine that a specific haptic effect has a higher priority than another haptic effect, and thus output only the high priority effect. For example, theprocessor102 may determine that a haptic effect configured to simulate the edge of an object in the graphical user interface has a higher priority than other effects, and thus output only the edge effect. Alternatively, theprocessor102 may determine that only the most intense effect should be output. Thus, in some embodiments, the processor may determine a low intensity vibration and a high intensity vibration, but output only the high intensity vibration.
• Further, in some embodiments, theprocessor102 may determine the haptic effect based on information associated with the multi-touch. For example, theprocessor102 may determine the haptic effect based on the user interaction that occurred first. Further, as discussed above, in some embodiments, the processor may determine the haptic effect based on the most active user interaction (the interaction with the most movement), least active user interaction, or the user interaction applying the most pressure.
• Then, atstep710, theprocessor102 transmits a haptic signal associated with the haptic effect tohaptic output device118, which outputs the haptic effect. In some embodiments,processor102 outputs a haptic signal configured to causehaptic output device118 to generate the haptic effect. In some embodimentshaptic output device118 may comprise traditional actuators such as piezoelectric actuators or electric motors coupled totouch surface116 or other components withincomputing device101. In other embodimentshaptic output device118 may comprise one or more electrostatic actuators configured to simulate textures or vary the perceived coefficient of friction ontouch surface116 using electrostatic fields.
• In someembodiments sensor108 may detect a third, fourth fifth, or more user interaction, e.g., a multi-touch with many additional contacts.Processor102 may comprise programing to determine haptic effects based in part on each of these components of a multi-touch interaction. For example,processor102 may determine the priority of each touch regardless of the number of touches or the first interaction regardless of the number of other interactions associated with the multi-touch. Further, in some embodiments,processor102 may determine a haptic effect associated with each interaction and then output a different haptic effect based in part on each of these effects.
• Turning now toFIG. 8,FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing anillustrative method800 for determining haptic effects for multi-touch input. In some embodiments, the steps inFIG. 8 may be implemented in program code that is executed by a processor, for example, the processor in a general purpose computer, a mobile device, or a server. In some embodiments, these steps may be implemented by a group of processors. The steps below are described with reference to components described above with regard tosystem100 shown inFIG. 1.
• Themethod800 begins whenprocessor102 determines a first haptic effect based in part on thefirst sensor signal802. The first sensor signal comprises data associated with the first user interaction. Theprocessor102 may rely on programming contained in hapticeffect determination module126 to select or determine the haptic effect. For example, theprocessor102 may access drive signals stored inmemory104 and associated with particular haptic effects. As another example, a signal may be generated by accessing a stored algorithm and inputting parameters associated with an effect. For example, an algorithm may output data for use in generating a drive signal based on amplitude and frequency parameters. As another example, a haptic signal may comprise data sent to an actuator to be decoded by the actuator. For instance, the actuator may itself respond to commands specifying parameters such as amplitude and frequency.
• In some embodiments, the haptic effect may be one of a plurality of available textures. For example, the plurality of textures may comprise one or more of the textures of: water, grass, ice, metal, sand, gravel, brick, fur, leather, skin, fabric, rubber, leaves, or any other available texture, for example, a texture associated with explosions or fire. In some embodiments, the texture may be associated with a feature of a user interface, such as a widget displayed to the user. For example, in one embodiment, a specific texture may be associated with a virtual dial, for example, the texture of sand. Further, in such an embodiment, as the user interacts with the virtual dial, for example, by modifying the angular rotation of the virtual dial, theprocessor102 may output a different texture. For example, as the user turns the virtual dial, the haptic effect may be configured to simulate a change in the coarseness of the sand. Thus, as the user turns the virtual dial in one direction, the user may feel a haptic effect that simulates gravel, and as the user turns the virtual dial the other direction the user may feel a haptic effect that simulates the feeling of a powder. In other embodiments the haptic effect may comprise a vibration or a surface based effect configured to vary the friction the user perceives when interacting with the surface of a touch enabled display or other touch surface.
• Next theprocessor102 determines a second haptic effect based in part on thesecond sensor signal804. The second sensor signal comprises data associated with the second user interaction. Theprocessor102 may rely on programming contained in hapticeffect determination module126 to select or determine the haptic effect. For example, theprocessor102 may access drive signals stored inmemory104 and associated with particular haptic effects. As another example, a signal may be generated by accessing a stored algorithm and inputting parameters associated with an effect. For example, an algorithm may output data for use in generating a drive signal based on amplitude and frequency parameters. As another example, a haptic signal may comprise data sent to an actuator to be decoded by the actuator. For instance, the actuator may itself respond to commands specifying parameters such as amplitude and frequency.
• In some embodiments, the haptic effect may be one of a plurality of available textures. For example, the plurality of textures may comprise one or more of the textures of: water, grass, ice, metal, sand, gravel, brick, fur, leather, skin, fabric, rubber, leaves, or any other available texture, for example, a texture associated with explosions or fire. In some embodiments, the texture may be associated with a feature of a user interface, such as a widget displayed to the user. For example, in one embodiment, a specific texture may be associated with a virtual dial, for example, the texture of sand. Further, in such an embodiment, as the user interacts with the virtual dial, for example, by modifying the angular rotation of the virtual dial, theprocessor102 may output a different texture. For example, as the user turns the virtual dial, the haptic effect may be configured to simulate a change in the coarseness of the sand. Thus, as the user turns the virtual dial in one direction, the user may feel a haptic effect that simulates gravel, and as the user turns the virtual dial the other direction the user may feel a haptic effect that simulates the feeling of a powder. In other embodiments the haptic effect may comprise a vibration or a surface based effect configured to vary the friction the user perceives when interacting with the surface of a touch enabled display or other touch surface.
• Then theprocessor102 determines a third haptic effect based in part on the first haptic effect and the secondhaptic effect806. For example, in some embodiments theprocessor102 may determine the most intense haptic effect and output the third haptic effect as only the most intense haptic effect. Alternatively, in some embodiments theprocessor102 may output the haptic effect comprising the highest associated priority. For example, each haptic effect may comprise its own priority. In such an embodiment, these priorities may have been assigned by the designer or based on user preferences.
• In other embodiments, theprocessor102 may determine an average of the two haptic effects. Theprocessor102 may then output the third haptic effect as this average. Further, in some embodiments, theprocessor102 may determine a superposition of the two haptic effects. This superposition may comprise a weighted combination or weighted average of the two effects. For example,processor102 may assign a weight to each haptic effect (e.g., weights of 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, or 0). Theprocessor102 may then determine a third haptic effect that is the combination of the two weighted haptic effects or the average of the two weighted effects. In some embodiments, these weights may be determined based in part on, e.g., the user interaction (e.g., the speed speed of user interaction, the pressure of user interaction, or the activity of the user interaction), the haptic output device associated with the haptic effect, the location associated with the user interaction, the user from which the interaction originated (e.g., if there are two or more users interacting with the device), or user defined characteristics associated with the haptic effect.
• Further, in some embodiments touchsurface116 may receive a third, fourth fifth, or more user interaction, e.g., a multi-touch with many additional contacts.Processor102 may be configured to determine haptic effects associated with each of these multi-touches and output a signal haptic effect based on each of these haptic effects as described above.
• Then, atstep808, theprocessor102 transmits a haptic signal associated with the third haptic effect tohaptic output device118, which outputs the haptic effect. In some embodiments,processor102 outputs a haptic signal configured to causehaptic output device118 to generate the haptic effect. In some embodimentshaptic output device118 may comprise traditional actuators such as piezoelectric actuators or electric motors coupled totouch surface116 or other components withincomputing device101. In other embodimentshaptic output device118 may comprise one or more electrostatic actuators configured to simulate textures or vary the perceived coefficient of friction ontouch surface116 using electrostatic fields.
Advantages of Determining Haptic Effects for Multi-Touch Input
• There are numerous advantages of determining haptic effects for multi-touch input. Currently most existing haptic rendering algorithms are single input, single output. Embodiments of the present disclosure enable these rendering algorithms to be used in a multi-touch environment. This may reduce the need for costly redevelopment of rendering algorithms.
• Further, embodiments of the present disclosure enable devices that may comprise only one haptic output device to still output haptic effects associated with multiple user inputs. This enables these devices to output more useful and intuitive haptic effects associated with multi-touch.
• Further, in some embodiments, determining haptic effects for multi-touch input may enable a user to use software and user interfaces more effectively. For example, a user may be able to make determinations regarding available operations in a program without having to visually focus on a display. This may increase overall user satisfaction.
General Considerations
• The methods, systems, and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, in alternative configurations, the methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and/or various stages may be added, omitted, and/or combined. Also, features described with respect to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations. Different aspects and elements of the configurations may be combined in a similar manner. Also, technology evolves and, thus, many of the elements are examples and do not limit the scope of the disclosure or claims.
• Specific details are given in the description to provide a thorough understanding of example configurations (including implementations). However, configurations may be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques have been shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the configurations. This description provides example configurations only, and does not limit the scope, applicability, or configurations of the claims. Rather, the preceding description of the configurations will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing described techniques. Various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure.
• Also, configurations may be described as a process that is depicted as a flow diagram or block diagram. Although each may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged. A process may have additional steps not included in the figure. Furthermore, examples of the methods may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a storage medium. Processors may perform the described tasks.
• Having described several example configurations, various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, the above elements may be components of a larger system, wherein other rules may take precedence over or otherwise modify the application of the invention. Also, a number of steps may be undertaken before, during, or after the above elements are considered. Accordingly, the above description does not bound the scope of the claims.
• The use of “adapted to” or “configured to” herein is meant as open and inclusive language that does not foreclose devices adapted to or configured to perform additional tasks or steps. Additionally, the use of “based on” is meant to be open and inclusive, in that a process, step, calculation, or other action “based on” one or more recited conditions or values may, in practice, be based on additional conditions or values beyond those recited. Headings, lists, and numbering included herein are for ease of explanation only and are not meant to be limiting.
• Embodiments in accordance with aspects of the present subject matter can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of the preceding. In one embodiment, a computer may comprise a processor or processors. The processor comprises or has access to a computer-readable medium, such as a random access memory (RAM) coupled to the processor. The processor executes computer-executable program instructions stored in memory, such as executing one or more computer programs including a sensor sampling routine, selection routines, and other routines to perform the methods described above.
• Such processors may comprise a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and state machines. Such processors may further comprise programmable electronic devices such as PLCs, programmable interrupt controllers (PICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), programmable read-only memories (PROMs), electronically programmable read-only memories (EPROMs or EEPROMs), or other similar devices.
• Such processors may comprise, or may be in communication with, media, for example tangible computer-readable media, that may store instructions that, when executed by the processor, can cause the processor to perform the steps described herein as carried out, or assisted, by a processor. Embodiments of computer-readable media may comprise, but are not limited to, all electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage devices capable of providing a processor, such as the processor in a web server, with computer-readable instructions. Other examples of media comprise, but are not limited to, a floppy disk, CD-ROM, magnetic disk, memory chip, ROM, RAM, ASIC, configured processor, all optical media, all magnetic tape or other magnetic media, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read. Also, various other devices may include computer-readable media, such as a router, private or public network, or other transmission device. The processor, and the processing, described may be in one or more structures, and may be dispersed through one or more structures. The processor may comprise code for carrying out one or more of the methods (or parts of methods) described herein.
• While the present subject matter has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing may readily produce alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, it should be understood that the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of example rather than limitation, and does not preclude inclusion of such modifications, variations and/or additions to the present subject matter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

Claims (20)

What is claimed:

1. A system comprising:

a touch-sensitive input device configured to detect a first user interaction and a second user interaction, wherein the first user interaction is different from the second user interaction and at least part of the first user interaction occurs at the same time as the second user interaction;

a processor in communication with the touch-sensitive input device and configured to:

determine a haptic effect based in part on both first user interaction and the second user interaction; and

transmit a haptic signal associated with the haptic effect; and

a haptic output device configured to receive the haptic signal and output the haptic effect.

2. The system ofclaim 1, wherein determining the haptic effect further comprises:

determining a first haptic effect associated with the first user interaction and determining a second haptic effect associated with the second user interaction.

3. The system ofclaim 2, further comprising: determining which of the first haptic effect and the second haptic effect has higher intensity, which of the first haptic effect and the second haptic effect is highest priority, or an average of the first and second haptic effects.

4. The system ofclaim 2, further comprising superpositioning the first haptic effect and the second haptic effect by applying a first weight to the first haptic effect and a second weight to the second haptic effect and combining the two weighted haptic effects.

5. The system ofclaim 4, wherein the haptic effect comprises an average of the combination of the two weighted haptic effects.

6. The system ofclaim 1, wherein determining the haptic effect further comprises:

determining a most active user interaction by determining which of the first user interaction and the second user interaction comprises more user movement; and

determining the haptic effect based on the most active user interaction.

7. The system ofclaim 1, wherein determining the haptic effect further comprises:

determining a highest pressure user interaction by determining which of the first user interaction and the second user interaction comprises a higher pressure; and

determining the haptic effect based on the highest pressure user interaction.

8. The system ofclaim 1, wherein determining the haptic effect is based in part on a user preference.

9. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the touch-sensitive input device is further configured to detect a third user interaction, and wherein the processor is further configured to determine the haptic effect based in part on the third user interaction.

10. A method comprising:

detecting a first user interaction;

detecting a second user interaction, wherein the first user interaction is different from the second user interaction and at least part of the first user interaction occurs at the same time as the second user interaction;

determining a haptic effect based in part on both first user interaction and the second user interaction; and

transmitting a haptic signal associated with the haptic effect to a haptic output device configured to receive the haptic signal and output the haptic effect.

11. The method ofclaim 10, wherein determining the haptic effect comprises:

determining a first haptic effect associated with the first user interaction and determining a second haptic effect associated with the second user interaction.

12. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising: determining which of the first haptic effect and the second haptic effect has higher intensity, which of the first haptic effect and the second haptic effect is highest priority, or an average of the first and second haptic effects.

13. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising superpositioning the first haptic effect and the second haptic effect by applying a first weight to the first haptic effect and a second weight to the second haptic effect and combining the two weighted haptic effects.

14. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the haptic effect comprises an average of the combination of the two weighted haptic effects.

15. The method ofclaim 10, wherein determining the haptic effect further comprises:

determining a most active user interaction by determining which of the first user interaction and the second user interaction comprises more user movement; and

determining the haptic effect based on the most active user interaction.

16. The method ofclaim 10, wherein determining the haptic effect further comprises:

determining a highest pressure user interaction by determining which of the first user interaction and the second user interaction comprises a higher pressure; and

determining the haptic effect based on the highest pressure user interaction.

17. The method ofclaim 10, wherein determining the haptic effect is based in part on a user preference.

18. The method ofclaim 10, further comprising:

transmitting a third sensor signal associated with a third user interaction; and

determining the haptic effect based in part on the third user interaction.

19. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program code, which when executed by a processor is configured to cause the processor to:

detect a first user interaction;

detect a second user interaction, wherein the first user interaction is different from the second user interaction and at least part of the first user interaction occurs at the same time as the second user interaction;

determine a haptic effect based in part on both first user interaction and the second user interaction; and

transmit a haptic signal associated with the haptic effect to a haptic output device configured to receive the haptic signal and output the haptic effect.

20. The non-transitory computer readable medium ofclaim 19, further comprising program code, which when executed by the processor is configured to cause the processor to:

detect a third user interaction; and

determine the haptic effect based in part on the third user interaction.

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