US20180071023A1 - Thermal feedback systems and methods of using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for providing feedback during an electrosurgical procedure on a target tissue is provided. The system includes an electrosurgical energy source; an electrode probe assembly connected to the electrosurgical energy source, wherein the electrode probe assembly includes at least one electrode assembly having a needle configured to deliver electrosurgical energy to the target tissue; at least one thermal feedback assembly connected to the electrosurgical energy source, wherein each thermal feedback assembly includes at least one temperature sensor assembly; and a hub configured to selectively support the electrode probe assembly and each thermal feedback assembly such that the needle of the electrode probe assembly and each temperature sensor assembly of each thermal feedback assembly are proximate one another when disposed proximate the target tissue.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/618,113, filed Feb. 10, 2015, which is a continuation application of U.S. Pat. No. 8,956,350, filed Oct. 29, 2013, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/539,725, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,568,402, filed Jul. 2, 2013, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/023,606, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,211,099, filed Jan. 31, 2008, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/887,537, filed on Jan. 31, 2007, the entire contents of all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
BACKGROUND1. Technical Field
• The present disclosure relates to energy delivery feedback systems and, more particularly to thermal feedback systems for electrosurgical energy systems and methods of their use.
2. Background of Related Art
• The use of electrical energy including radiofrequency and microwave energy (“RF & MW energy”) and, in particular, radiofrequency electrodes or microwave antennae (“RF-electrodes/MW-antennae”) for ablation of tissue in the body or for the treatment of pain is known. Generally, such RF electrodes (e.g., probes, resistive heating elements and the like) include an elongated cylindrical configuration for insertion into the body to target tissue which is to be treated or ablated. The RF electrodes can further include an exposed conductive tip portion and an insulated portion. The RF electrodes can also include a method of internal cooling (e.g., a Cool-tip™ or the like), such as the RF electrodes shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,189 entitled “COOL-TIP ELECTRODE THERMOSURGERY SYSTEM” issued to Rittman, III et al., on Jan. 14, 2003 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,530,922 entitled “CLUSTER ABLATION ELECTRODE SYSTEM” issued to Cosman et al., on Mar. 11, 2003, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Accordingly, when the RF electrode is connected to an external source of radiofrequency power, e.g., an electrosurgical generator (device used to generate therapeutic energy such as radiofrequency (RF), microwave (MW) or ultrasonic (US)), and current is delivered to the RF electrode, heating of tissue occurs near and around the exposed conductive tip portion thereof, whereby therapeutic changes in the target tissue, near the conductive tip, are created by the elevation of temperature of the tissue.
• In some applications, for example, tumor ablation procedures, multiple electrodes are inserted into the body in an array to enlarge ablation volumes.
• In a particular application, arrays of high frequency electrodes are inserted into tumors. The electrodes are typically placed in a dispersed fashion throughout the tumor volume to cover the tumor volume with uniform heat. The multiple electrodes may be activated simultaneously or sequentially applied with high frequency energy so that each electrode heats the surrounding tissue. During series activation, energy is applied to each electrode one at a time. This sequence of cycling the energy through the electrodes continues at a prescribed frequency and for a period of time.
• The electrode systems discussed above are limited by the practical size of lesion volumes they produce. Accordingly, electrodes with cooled conductive tips have been proposed. With cooling, radiofrequency electrode tips generally produce larger lesion volumes compared with radiofrequency electrodes, which are not cooled. For example, standard single cylindrical electrodes, with cooled tips, as described above, may make lesion volumes up to 2 to 3 cm in diameter in living tissue (e.g., the liver) by using needles of 1 to 2 mm in diameter and having exposed tip lengths of several centimeters.
SUMMARY
• The present disclosure relates to thermal feedback systems for electrosurgical energy systems and methods of their use.
• According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a system for providing feedback during an electrosurgical procedure on a target tissue is provided. The system includes an electrosurgical energy source; an electrode probe assembly connected to the electrosurgical energy source, wherein the electrode probe assembly includes at least one electrode assembly having a needle configured to deliver electrosurgical energy to the target tissue; at least one thermal feedback assembly connected to the electrosurgical energy source, wherein each thermal feedback assembly includes at least one temperature sensor assembly; and a hub configured to selectively support the electrode probe assembly and each thermal feedback assembly such that the needle of the electrode probe assembly and each temperature sensor assembly of each thermal feedback assembly are proximate one another when disposed proximate the target tissue.
• The needle of the electrode probe assembly may include an electrically conductive distal tip electrically connected to the electrosurgical energy source.
• The electrode probe assembly may be fluidly connected to a coolant supply and may be configured to receive a circulating fluid therein.
• The thermal feedback assembly may include a one or more temperature sensors. Each temperature sensor may be oriented substantially parallel to an axis defined by the needle of the electrode probe assembly or protrude 90 degrees from the center exposed active electrode. The plurality of temperature sensors may be arranged in a linear array. The plurality of temperature sensors may be disposed on opposed sides of the needle of the electrode probe assembly. The plurality of temperature sensors may be uniformly spaced from one another. The plurality of temperature sensors may be arranged in one of a linear, rectilinear and a triangular array.
• The system may further include a computer connected to at least one of the electrosurgical energy source, the electrode probe assembly and each thermal feedback assembly. In an embodiment, at least one of the electrosurgical or microwave generator, the electrode probe assembly and each thermal feedback assembly may transmit information to the computer, and wherein the computer performs an Arrhenius model calculation on the information received from the at least one of the electrosurgical energy source, the electrode probe assembly and each thermal feedback assembly.
• The temperature sensors may include fiber optic temperature probes, thermisters, thermocouples or resistive temperature devices (RTD).
• According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of performing a thermal treatment on a target tissue is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing an electrosurgical energy source; and providing a thermal feedback system. The thermal feedback system includes an electrode probe assembly connectable to the electrosurgical generator, wherein the electrode probe assembly includes at least one electrode assembly having a needle configured to deliver electrosurgical energy to the target tissue; at least one thermal feedback assembly connectable to the electrosurgical energy source, wherein each thermal feedback assembly includes at least one temperature sensor assembly; and a hub configured to selectively support the electrode probe assembly and each thermal feedback assembly such that the needle of the electrode probe assembly and each temperature sensor assembly of each thermal feedback assembly are proximate one another when disposed proximate the target tissue.
• The method further includes the steps of inserting the needle of the electrode probe assembly and each temperature sensor of the thermal feedback assembly into a patient proximate the target tissue; activating the electrosurgical energy source for delivering electrosurgical energy to the target tissue via the needle of the electrode probe; and monitoring and transmitting changes in a characteristic of the target tissue to the electrosurgical energy source via the temperature sensors of the thermal feedback assembly.
• The method may further include the step of performing an Arrhenius model calculation on the information received from each thermal feedback assembly.
• The method may further include the step of selecting a particular electrode probe assembly for a particular thermal procedure or desired treatment size or volume. Size estimation may be accomplished prior to delivery of the electrode probe assembly. The method may further include the step of selecting a characteristic energy value to be delivered to the particular electrode probe assembly based on the characteristics of the electrode probe assembly and the characteristics of the target tissue to be treated.
• The method may further include the step of providing feedback to the electrosurgical energy source from the plurality of thermal feedback probes. Size estimation may be conducted during energy activation.
• The method may further include the step of providing a computer configured to receive information regarding characteristics of at least one of the target tissue, the feedback of energy delivery, the electrode probe assembly, the thermal feedback assembly and the electrosurgical energy source. The computer may be configured to receive feedback information from the thermal feedback assembly during a thermal treatment of the target tissue. The computer may be configured to perform an Arrhenius model calculation or other ablation size estimation on the information received from each thermal feedback assembly.
• The method may further include the step of arranging the electrode probe assembly and each thermal feedback assembly in a linear array.
• The method may further include the step of spacing the thermal feedback assemblies equally from each other and from the electrode probe assembly.
• The method may further include the step of spacing the thermal feedback assemblies at a known or predetermined spacing.
• The method may further include the step of circulating a fluid through the electrode probe assembly.
• The method may further include the step of introducing the electrode probe assembly and each of the plurality of thermal feedback assemblies into the target tissue.
• These and other aspects and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which illustrate by way of example the features of the disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The features of the system and method of use of the system of the present disclosure will become more readily apparent and may be better understood by referring to the following detailed descriptions of illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
• FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a thermal feedback system illustrating an electrode probe assembly and a thermal feedback assembly of the present disclosure operatively associated with a target surgical site;
• FIG. 2 is an illustration of the thermal feedback system ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 2A is a schematic distal end view of the thermal feedback system ofFIG. 2, illustrating the temperature array in a linear arrangement;
• FIG. 2B is a schematic distal end view of an alternate arrangement of the thermal feedback system ofFIG. 2, illustrating the temperature array in a rectangular arrangement;
• FIG. 2C is a schematic distal end view of a further alternate arrangement of the thermal feedback system ofFIG. 2, illustrating the temperature array in a triangular arrangement;
• FIG. 2D is a schematic distal end view of the thermal feedback system ofFIG. 2, illustrating the temperature array in an alternate linear arrangement;
• FIG. 3 is an illustration of a feedback/monitoring assembly of the thermal feedback system;
• FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the indicated area of detail ofFIG. 3;
• FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a distal end of an electrode probe assembly according to a further embodiment of the present disclosure;
• FIG. 6 is a distal end view of an electrode probe assembly similar to the electrode probe assembly ofFIG. 5;
• FIG. 7A is a schematic illustration of a distal end of an electrode probe according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
• FIG. 7B is a distal, elevational view of the electrode probe ofFIG. 7A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
• The systems and methods of the present disclosure provide for a more precise controlled monitoring and/or feedback of an electrode probe during therapeutic use in a target surgical site, e.g., in a cancer tumor. Moreover, the systems and methods of the present disclosure provide for an improved ability to predict and/or estimate the depth and/or volume of treatment possible by the electrode probe when the electrode probe of an electrosurgical treatment device is set to a particular or various operative parameters.
• It will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art that the systems and methods of use of the systems can be used to monitor or provide feedback during treatment of body tissues in any body cavity or tissue locations that are accessible by percutaneous or endoscopic catheters or open surgical techniques, and is not limited to cancer tumors or the like. Application of the systems and methods in any corporal organ and/or tissue is intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
• 1. System for Thermal Feedback
• In the drawings and in the description which follows, the term “proximal”, as is traditional, will refer to the end of the system, or component thereof, which is closest to the operator, and the term “distal” will refer to the end of the system, or component thereof, which is more remote from the operator.
• With reference toFIG. 1, a thermal feedback system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is generally designated as100.Feedback system100 includes athermal feedback assembly200 operatively connected to an electrosurgical generator and/orenergy source10 and/orcomputer20.
• At least oneelectrode probe assembly300 is provided which is operatively associated withfeedback assembly200 and is connectable toelectrosurgical energy source10 in order to perform tissue ablation and the like. Eachelectrode probe assembly300 may include a rigid shaft, antenna orneedle310 configured for insertion into a target tissue or organ “OR”.Needle310 of eachprobe assembly300 may terminate in an exposeddistal tip312 having a pointed configuration for facilitating percutaneous insertion ofneedle310 into body organ “OR”. A portion of the external surface ofneedle310 of eachelectrode probe assembly300 is covered with an insulating material, as indicated by hatched line areas inFIG. 1.Distal tip312 remains uncovered and is connected, throughneedle310, tocable12 and thereby toelectrosurgical energy source10.Electrode probe assembly300 may include acoolant supply30 fluidly connected toneedle310 for circulating a fluid thereto via conduit(s)32.
• Reference may be made to commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 11/495,033, filed on Jul. 28, 2006, and entitled “COOL-TIP THERMOCOUPLE INCLUDING TWO-PIECE HUB” for a detailed discussion of the construction and operation ofelectrode probe assembly300.
• Temperatures at, or near the exposed distal tip(s)312 of needle(s)310 may be controlled by adjusting a flow of fluid coolant throughneedle310. Accordingly, the temperature of the tissue contacting at or near distal tip(s)312 is controlled. In operation, fluid fromcoolant supply30 is carried the length ofneedle310 through an inner tube (not shown) extending therethrough to the distal end ofneedle310 terminating in an open end or cavity (not shown) ofdistal tip312. At the opposite end ofneedle310, the inner tube is connected to receive fluid. Backflow from distal tip(s)312 is through an exit port (not shown) ofneedle310.
• Feedback system100 may further include areference electrode40 that may be placed in contact with the skin of a patient or an external surface of organ “OR” with aconnection42 toelectrosurgical energy source10.Reference electrode40 andconnection42 serve as a path for return current fromelectrosurgical energy source10 throughneedle310 ofelectrode probe assembly300.
• As seen inFIG. 1, by way of illustration only, a targeted region to be ablated is represented in sectional view by the line “T”. It is desired to ablate the targeted region “T” by fully engulfing targeted region “T” in a volume of lethal heat elevation. The targeted region “T” may be, for example, a tumor which has been detected by animage scanner50. For example, CT, MRI, fluoroscopy or ultrasonic image scanners may be used, and the image data transferred tocomputer20. As an alternate example, anultrasonic scanner head52 may be disposed in contact with organ “OR” to provide an image illustrated bylines52a.
• For example, inFIG. 1, dashed line “T1” represents the ablation isotherm in a sectional view through organ “OR”. Such an ablation isotherm may be that of the surface achieving possible temperatures of approximately 50° C. or greater. At that temperature range, sustained for approximately 30 seconds to approximately several minutes, tissue cells will be ablated. The shape and size of the ablation volume, as illustrated by dashed line “T1”, may accordingly be controlled by a configuration of theelectrode probe assemblies300 used, the geometry ofdistal tips312 ofelectrode probe assemblies300, the amount of RF power applied, the time duration that the power is applied, the cooling of theneedles310 ofelectrode probe assemblies300, etc.
• Data processors may be connected to display devices to visualize targeted region “T” and/or ablation volume “T1” in real time during the ablation procedure.
• As seen inFIG. 1,feedback system100 may further include alibrary60 including a plurality of thermal profiles/overlays62_n. As used herein, the term library is understood to include and is not limited to repository, databank, database, cache, storage unit and the like. Eachoverlay62 includes a thermal profile which is characteristic of and/or specific to a particular configuration of cannula/electrode assembly or amount of exposure (i.e., specific to the length of exposure ofdistal tip312 ofneedle310 or the amount ofneedle310 extending from a distal tip of a cannula) of the cannula/electrode assembly. In addition, for each amount of exposure or configuration of the cannula/electrode assembly, a plurality ofoverlays62_nis provided which includes a thermal profile which relates to, for example, the amount of timeelectrode probe assembly300 is activated, to the temperature to whichelectrode probe assembly300 is heated, etc.
• With continued reference toFIG. 1,feedback system100, as mentioned above, includes athermal feedback assembly200 operatively connected to anelectrosurgical generator10 and/orcomputer20.Thermal feedback assembly200 is operatively associated with the at least oneelectrode probe assembly300.
• As seen inFIG. 1,feedback assembly200 includes a hub orhousing210 configured to selectively support at least oneelectrode probe assembly300 and at least onetemperature sensor assembly220. As seen inFIG. 1, a plurality oftemperature sensor assemblies220 are shown supported inhousing210 on opposed sides of a singleelectrode probe assembly300. It is contemplated that any number oftemperature sensor assemblies220 may be disposed on a single side, on opposed sides, or on multiple sides of the singleelectrode probe assembly300 or relative to multipleelectrode probe assemblies300. It is further contemplated that multipletemperature sensor assemblies220 may be interspersed amongst multipleelectrode probe assemblies300. Individual needles, cannula orintroducers223 may be used to introducetemperature sensors222 into the target site or organ “OR”.
• As seen inFIG. 2,housing210 is used to positiontemperature sensor assemblies220 on opposed sides of a singeelectrode probe assembly300 so as to define a single axis or plane.Housing210 may be configured to positioncannula223 andtemperature sensors222 oftemperature sensor assemblies220 at a known distance fromelectrode probe assembly300 and/or from one another, or are equi-distant or uniformly spaced from one another.
• As seen inFIG. 2A,temperature sensors222 andelectrode assembly310 are arranged in a linear array. As seen inFIG. 2B,temperature sensors222 andelectrode assembly310 may be arranged in a rectilinear array. As seen inFIG. 2C,temperature sensors222 andelectrode assembly310 may be arranged in a triangular array. As seen inFIG. 2D,temperature sensors222 are arranged at a known distance fromelectrode assembly310. As seen inFIGS. 2-2D,electrode assembly310 is located at the center oftemperature sensors222; however,electrode assembly310 may be located at any position relative tosensors222.
• Eachtemperature sensor assembly220 is electrically or optically connected toelectrosurgical generator10 via a suitable electrical connector or the like230.
• Temperature sensors222 include one or more of an emitter, sensor or marker to provide special relationship toelectrode assembly310. Eachtemperature sensor assembly220 may include atemperature sensor222 in the form of a rigid orsemi-rigid cannula223 and/or needles configured for insertion and/or penetration into the target surgical site.Suitable temperature sensors222 may include thermocouples, resistive temperature devices (RTD) or fiber optic temperature probes sold under the tradename “Fluoroptic® Thermometer, available from Luxtron®, Santa Clara, Calif.Temperature sensors222 are shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,075,497; 4,215,275; 4,448,547; 4,560,286; 4,752,141; 4,883,354; and 4,988,212.
• Fluoroptic® temperature sensors222 are configured to measure the decay time of light emitted from phosphorescent materials (e.g., phosphors). The decay time is a persistent property of the sensor that varies directly with the temperature.
• Other suitable temperature sensors for use withtemperature sensor assemblies220, to measure the temperature at a target surgical site, include and are not limited to optical sensors (e.g., Fluoroptic®, infrared, etc.), thermocouples, Resistance-Temperature-Detectors (RTD), thermistors, MRI, fluoroscopic, ultrasound, CT and the like.
• Temperature sensors222 may be configured to measure or monitor temperatures greater than about 60° C. In an embodiment,feedback system100 may be provided with suitable algorithms or the like for interpolating temperature values from at least twotemperature sensors222 and/or for integrating thermal damage from at least twotemperature sensors222. One real-time temperature sensor may be used in conjunction with an assumed or predetermined value from a look-up table or similar method.
• The temperature measurements delivered tofeedback system100 may be used to generate a thermal map of the target area and/or, upon integration, may be used to account for particular tissue characteristics, such as, for example, perfusion, conduction, resistance and/or density.
• In an embodiment,temperature sensors222 may be deployed aroundneedle310 of theelectrode probe assembly300. Such temperature sensors may be constructed of suitable shape memory alloys so as to permit the temperature sensor to wrap aroundneedle310. Additionally, in an embodiment, a cannula including temperature sensors may be deployed aboutneedle310 of theelectrode probe assembly300. In another embodiment, as seen inFIGS. 7A and 7B,temperature sensors222 may protrude at a substantially right angle from a center or mid point of the exposeddistal tip312 ofneedle310.
• Electrosurgical generator10 andelectrode probe assembly300 may be configured to deliver energy to at least one of a radiofrequency, a microwave, an ultrasound, and a cryo-therapy needle.
• Feedback system100 is capable of providing size predictability for ablation volume to be created during a thermal procedure of a target region prior to the ablation volume exceeding a predetermined volume during the thermal procedure. For example,feedback system100 may provide feedback regarding a volume of the thermal therapy (e.g., diameter), and estimation of an overall size of the volume of the thermal therapy, an estimation of a rate of growth of the volume of the thermal therapy, and/or an estimation of a time to completion of the thermal therapy. All of this information may be displayed on a monitor54 (SeeFIG. 1) or the like. Additionally, monitor54 may illustrate the growth of the ablation volume, in real-time, as the procedure is going forward.
• As seen inFIGS. 5-7, a distal end of electrode probe assemblies according to further embodiments of the present disclosure are generally designated as300′ and300″, respectively.Electrode probe assembly300′,300′″ is substantially similar toelectrode probe assembly300 and thus will only be discussed in further detail herein to the extent necessary to identify differences in construction and operation thereof.
• As seen inFIGS. 5 and 7,distal tip312′ ofelectrode probe assembly300′ has a length of exposure “L”. Additionally,electrode probe assembly300′ is configured such thattemperature sensor222′ extends radially outward therefrom at a location approximately equal to “L/2”. As seen inFIG. 5,temperature sensor222′ may extend radially and linearly fromelectrode probe assembly300′ (e.g., in a plane that is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis ofelectrode probe assembly300′), or, as seen inFIG. 6,temperature sensor222″ may extend radially and arcuately fromelectrode assembly300″ (e.g., in a plane that is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis ofelectrode probe assembly300″).
• As seen inFIG. 5, asingle temperature sensor222′ may extend fromelectrode assembly300′, and as seen inFIG. 6, a pair oftemperature sensors222″ may extend fromelectrode assembly300″. In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, any number oftemperature sensors222′ or222″ may be used to extend fromelectrode assembly300′,300″ or300′″.
• Eachtemperature sensor222′ or222″ may include at least one, and as seen inFIGS. 5 and 6, a plurality of discrete respective temperature sensor elements222a′,222a″ disposed along a length thereof, such as, for example, at least at a tip thereof, at a mid-point thereof and at a base or proximal end thereof.
• As seen inFIGS. 5 and 6, eachtemperature sensor222′ or222″ may be slidably disposed within a respectiveelectrode probe assembly300′,300″ and configured so as to project and/or retract from withinelectrode probe assembly300′ or300″. Eachtemperature sensor222′,222″ may extend along an outer surface of a respectiveelectrode probe assembly300′,300″.
• Eachtemperature sensor222′,222″ may be deployable to a known and/or predetermined radial distance from respectivedistal tips312′,312″ of respectiveelectrode probe assembly310′,310″. In accordance withFIG. 6, or in embodiments employingmultiple temperature sensors222′″, themultiple temperature sensors222″ may be deployed to a known and/or predetermined distance from one another.
• As seen inFIG. 7,temperature sensors222′″ may be disposed to a known and/or predetermined radial distance fromelectrode probe assembly300′″.Temperature sensors222′″ are generally disposed L/2 and ½ desired diameter of thermal ablation (W/2), wherein “L” is the length of exposure of the distal end ofelectrode probe assembly300′″ and “W” is the approximate diameter of the thermal ablation.
• 2. Method for Thermal Feedback
• With reference toFIGS. 1-7B, a method of usingthermal feedback system100 during the thermal treatment of a target tissue or organ “OR” withelectrode probe assembly300,300′ or300″, in conjunction withhyperthermia feedback assembly200, is described.
• A method of the present disclosure includes determining a zone of thermal treatment during and/or post treatment of the target tissue or organ “OR”. The method may comprise the step of measuring a temperature of the target tissue or organ “OR”, at known distances relative thereto, during and/or post treatment of the target tissue or organ “OR”. The temperature of the target tissue or organ “OR”, at the known distance, may be an absolute temperature and/or a temperature that is interpolated. Additionally, the method may comprise integrating the temperature over time to determine an extent of thermal treatment. Such an integration may be calculated using an “Arrhenius thermal treatment integral” or other methods of thermal damage estimation.
• As used herein, “thermal damage” is a term that describes a quantity representing a relative amount of destruction to a tissue component. The component of interest can vary widely between applications from sub-cellular components, such as, for example, protein or organelles, to many celled systems, such as, for example, tumors or organs. To study systems spanning such a wide range of scale different techniques may be applied. For a relatively small system, one approach may be an “ab initio” method or some other molecular dynamic approach. For relatively larger systems, one approach may be to use an empirical method, such as, for example, the “Arrhenius” method described herein or a critical temperature criterion.
• The term “Arrhenius thermal treatment” refers to a method of quantifying thermal effects on underlying tissue. The present method thus models microscopic effects in tissue, such as, for example, the denaturation of a single species of protein, or models macroscopic effects in tissue, such as, for example, a color change of the tissue associated with the thermal treatment where many different reactions have taken place.
• The equation for the “Arrhenius model” may be represented by the following equation:
• $\Omega \left(t\right)=-\ln \left(\frac{c\left(t\right)}{c\left(o\right)}\right)=A{\int }_0^te^{\left(\frac{-\Delta E}{\mathrm{RT}}\right)}\mathrm{dt}$
• where:
• Ω=is the thermal effect sustained by the tissue or organ;
• c(t)=is the amount of the component of interest remaining;
• c(0)=is the amount of the component of interest at time zero;
• A=is the frequency factor, approximately 7.39×10³⁹l/s (specific to liver tissue); and
• ΔE=is the activation energy, approximately 2.577×10⁵J/mol (specific to liver tissue).
• The “Arrhenius model” is used because, in addition to combined processes, the “Arrhenius model” applies to individual processes as well. Individual processes that may be of interest include and are not limited to the denaturation of a lipid bi-layer of a cell, the denaturation of mitochondrial proteins, and the denaturation of nuclear proteins. The denaturation of lipid bi-layer is of interest because the lipid bi-layer loses its structure before many other parts of a cell. The denaturation of mitochondrial and nuclear proteins is of interest because they denature at temperatures in the range of about 42 to 60° C.
• A method of the present disclosure may also include the step of using a position ofelectrode probe assembly300,300′ or300″ andneedle310, positional temperature and/or feedback temperature received fromhyperthermia feedback assembly200 to determine the extent of thermal effect or treatment to the target tissue or organ “OR”. The position ofelectrode probe assembly300,300′ or300″ andneedle310 may be determined using a suitable positional indicator. The positional temperature may be determined by the location oftemperature sensor222,222′,222″ or222′″ and may be used to determine the presence of the lack of heat in the tissue or organ “OR”.
• A method of the present disclosure may also include the step of determining the spatial relationship betweenelectrode probe assembly300 andtemperature sensor222. Spatial relationship ofelectrode probe assembly300 andtemperature sensor222 and temperature measured attemperature sensor222 are feedback tocomputer20 to determine an extent of thermal damage that may be displayed onmonitor54 or used to alter the output ofelectrosurgical energy source10.
• A method of the present disclosure may use a three-dimensional (3D) thermal image/map to determine a dimension of thermal treatment of the target tissue of organ “OR”.
• According to a method of the present disclosure,computer20 offeedback system100 is provided with information regarding a location of the target tissue or organ “OR”, a location of critical biological structures (e.g., tissue, organs, vessels, etc.), a size and/or shape of the tumor or the target tissue or organ “OR” to be thermally treated, and a desired size of the thermal treatment volume. With this information inputted intocomputer20,computer20 may apply the “Arrhenius model” in order to develop a course of treatment.
• According to a method of the present disclosure, anelectrode probe assembly300,300′ or300″ including aparticular needle310 having a given length “L” of exposure ofdistal tip312 thereof is selected for a particular thermal procedure. A length “L” of electrode exposure may be user selected based on a desired volume of tissue to be treated or diameter “W” of thermal treatment. With the particularelectrode probe assembly300,300′ or300″ selected the parameters (e.g., dimensions, power rating, etc.) ofelectrode probe assembly300,300′ or300″ is manually inputted or automatically selected from a look-up table for use by theelectrosurgical generator10 and/orcomputer20.
• With the parameters or characteristics of the tumor, target tissue or organ “OR” inputted into theelectrosurgical energy source10 and/orcomputer20 and the parameters or characteristics of theelectrode probe assembly300,300′ or300″ selected also inputted into theelectrosurgical generator10 and/orcomputer20, the parameters of the energy to be delivered to the tumor, target tissue or organ “OR”, via theelectrode probe assembly300,300′ or300″, are determined. As seen inFIG. 1, with the parameters of the energy to be delivered determined,thermal feedback assembly200 and withelectrode probe assembly300 inserted into the patient, proximate the tumor, target tissue or organ “OR”. In particular,temperature sensors222 ofthermal feedback assembly200 andneedle310 ofelectrode probe assembly300 may be inserted into the tumor, target tissue or organ “OR”.
• Withthermal feedback assembly200 andelectrode probe assembly300 positioned, the placement ofthermal feedback assembly200 andelectrode probe assembly300 is confirmed. Next, a spatial relationship oftemperature sensors222 andelectrode probe assembly300 may be determined by usingthermal feedback assembly200 or use of other markers, and communicated toelectrosurgical energy source10 and/orcomputer20 for use of feedback control of energy parameter and/or size estimation. After confirmation of the placement ofthermal feedback assembly200 andelectrode probe assembly300 the thermal treatment of the tumor, target tissue or organ “OR” may begin. The thermal treatment of the tumor, target tissue or organ “OR” includes delivering energy produced byelectrosurgical generator10 to the tumor, target tissue or organ “OR” viaelectrode probe assembly300.
• During the thermal treatment of the tumor, target tissue or organ “OR”hyperthermia feedback assembly200 provides feedback toelectrosurgical energy source10 and/orcomputer20 in the manner described above. Treatment progress is determined bycomputer20 with feedback from at least one of image scanner5,electrosurgical energy source10, andtemperature sensors222. Treatment progress is displayed onmonitor54. Treatment progress includes one of size estimation, rate of treatment progression, and relationship of treatment volume to target volume.
• While the above description contains many specific examples, these specific should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the disclosure, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof. Those skilled in the art will envision many other possible variations that are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure as defined by the claims appended hereto.

Claims (21)

1-11. (canceled)

12. A thermal feedback system comprising:

an antenna assembly configured to couple to an electrosurgical generator and deliver electrosurgical energy to tissue;

a thermal feedback assembly including a hub and a plurality of temperature sensor assemblies and configured to measure a temperature of tissue during delivery of electrosurgical energy to tissue, the hub configured to support the antenna assembly and position the antenna assembly a preconfigured distance from each temperature assembly of the plurality of temperature assemblies.

13. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein the thermal feedback assembly is configured to measure temperature proximate a distal portion of the antenna assembly.

14. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein the antenna assembly includes an inner tube configured to circulate coolant fluid therethrough.

15. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein the antenna assembly includes a distal radiating portion configured to deliver microwave energy.

16. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein each temperature assembly of the plurality of temperature assemblies is positioned relative to the antenna assembly to form a linear array.

17. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein each temperature assembly of the plurality of temperature assemblies is positioned relative to the antenna assembly to form a rectilinear array.

18. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein the plurality of temperature assemblies includes a first temperature assembly and a second temperature assembly disposed on opposed sides of the antenna assembly.

19. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 18, wherein the first temperature assembly is positioned a first distance from the antenna assembly and the second temperature assembly is positioned a second, greater, distance from the antenna assembly.

20. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein the plurality of temperature assemblies includes a first plurality of temperature assemblies and a second plurality of temperature assemblies disposed on opposed sides of the antenna assembly.

21. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein each temperature assembly of the plurality of temperature assemblies is positioned relative to the antenna assembly to form a triangular array.

22. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 12, wherein each temperature assembly of the plurality of temperature assemblies forms a rigid cannula with a tapered distal tip for insertion through tissue.

23. A thermal feedback system comprising:

an electrosurgical generator configured to generate electrosurgical energy;

an antenna assembly configured to couple to the electrosurgical generator and deliver electrosurgical energy to tissue;

a thermal feedback assembly including a hub and a plurality of temperature sensor assemblies and configured to measure a temperature of tissue during delivery of electrosurgical energy to tissue, the hub configured to support the antenna assembly and position the antenna assembly a preconfigured distance from each temperature assembly of the plurality of temperature assemblies.

24. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 23, wherein the thermal feedback assembly is configured to measure temperature proximate a distal portion of the antenna assembly.

25. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 23, wherein the antenna assembly includes an inner tube configured to circulate coolant fluid therethrough.

26. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 23, wherein the antenna assembly includes a distal radiating portion configured to deliver microwave energy.

27. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 23, wherein each temperature assembly of the plurality of temperature assemblies is positioned relative to the antenna assembly to form a linear array.

28. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 23, wherein each temperature assembly of the plurality of temperature assemblies is positioned relative to the antenna assembly to form a rectilinear array.

29. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 23, wherein the plurality of temperature assemblies includes a first temperature assembly and a second temperature assembly disposed on opposed sides of the antenna assembly.

30. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 29, wherein the first temperature assembly is positioned a first distance from the antenna assembly and the second temperature assembly is positioned a second, greater, distance from the antenna assembly.

31. The thermal feedback system according toclaim 23, wherein the plurality of temperature assemblies includes a first plurality of temperature assemblies and a second plurality of temperature assemblies disposed on opposed sides of the antenna assembly.

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