US20170357411A1 - User interface for initiating a telephone call - Google Patents

Abstract

An electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, and memory detects a first user input. In response to detecting the first user input, the device displays on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance. The device detects a second user input including a contact on the touch-sensitive display. In accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, the electronic device is caused to turn off. In accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, the device causes initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/348,883, titled “USER INTERFACE FOR INITIATING A TELEPHONE CALL,” filed Jun. 11, 2016, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD
• The present disclosure relates generally to computer user interfaces, and more specifically to techniques for initiating a telephone call.
BACKGROUND
• Some electronic devices such as smartphones include functionality for making telephone calls and sending messages. Techniques for making a call or sending a message include dialing a number on a keypad, selecting a contact from a list, and activating a button corresponding to a pre-set number or contact. Some techniques also involve launching and/or navigating an application such as a phone application or a messaging application.
BRIEF SUMMARY
• Some techniques for initiating a telephone call using electronic devices, however, are generally cumbersome and inefficient. For example, some existing techniques use a complex and time-consuming user interface, which may include multiple key presses or keystrokes. Existing techniques require more time than necessary, wasting user time and device energy. Wasting user time is particularly important in emergencies, such as when a user requires medical attention or is experiencing a life-threatening situation and needs to request help. Device energy is particularly important in battery-operated devices.
• Accordingly, the present techniques provide electronic devices with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for initiating a telephone call and sending messages. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace other methods for initiating a telephone call and sending messages. Such methods and interfaces reduce the cognitive burden on a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. In time-sensitive situations involving a user's health, such methods and interfaces can potentially save a user's life by making it faster and easier to contact an emergency number. Such methods and interfaces also increase the ability to notify friends, family, or other contacts about a critical event. For battery-operated computing devices, such methods and interfaces also conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.
• In some embodiments, a method includes, at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, and memory: detecting a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, displaying on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance; detecting a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display; in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, causing the electronic device to turn off; and in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, causing initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, an electronic device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: detecting a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, displaying on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance; detecting a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display; in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, causing the electronic device to turn off; and in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, causing initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs. The one or more programs comprise instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to: detect a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, display on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance; detect a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display; in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, cause the electronic device to turn off; and in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, cause initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs. The one or more programs comprise instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to: detect a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, display on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance; detect a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display; in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, cause the electronic device to turn off; and in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, cause initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, an electronic device includes, a touch-sensitive display; means for detecting a first user input; means responsive to detecting the first user input for displaying on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance; means for detecting a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display; means for, in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, causing the electronic device to turn off; and means for, in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, causing initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, an electronic device includes a touch-sensitive display unit configured to display a graphic user interface and receive contacts and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: detect a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, enable display, on the touch-sensitive display, of a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance; detect a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display; in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, cause the electronic device to turn off; and in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, cause initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, a method includes, at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, and memory: detecting a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, initiating a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes displaying a visual indication of the countdown on the display; determining that the countdown has completed; and in response to determining that the countdown has completed, causing initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, an electronic device includes a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors. The one or more programs include instructions for: detecting a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, initiating a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes displaying a visual indication of the countdown on the display; determining that the countdown has completed; and in response to determining that the countdown has completed, causing initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs. The one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to: detect a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, initiate a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes displaying a visual indication of the countdown on the display; determine that the countdown has completed; and in response to determining that the countdown has completed, cause initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, a transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs. The one or more programs comprise instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to: detect a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, initiate a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes displaying a visual indication of the countdown on the display; determine that the countdown has completed; and in response to determining that the countdown has completed, cause initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, an electronic device includes: a touch-sensitive display; means for detecting a first user input; means responsive to detecting the first user input for initiating a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes displaying a visual indication of the countdown on the display; means for determining that the countdown has completed; and means responsive to determining that the countdown has completed for causing initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, an electronic device includes a touch-sensitive display unit configured to display a graphic user interface and receive contacts and a processing unit coupled to the display unit and the touch-sensitive surface unit. The processing unit is configured to: detect a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, initiate a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes enabling display of a visual indication of the countdown on the display; determine that the countdown has completed; and in response to determining that the countdown has completed, cause initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.
• Thus, devices are provided with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for initiating a telephone call and sending messages, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such devices. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace other methods for initiating a telephone call and sending messages.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
• For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
• FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 5A illustrates a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 5C-5D illustrate exemplary components of a personal electronic device having a touch-sensitive display and intensity sensors in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 5E-5H illustrate exemplary components and user interfaces of a personal electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 6A-6X illustrate exemplary user interfaces in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 7A-7C are flow diagrams illustrating a process for initiating a telephone call in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIGS. 9A-9B are flow diagrams illustrating a process for initiating a telephone call in accordance with some embodiments.
• FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram of an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
• The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters, and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.
• There is a need for electronic devices that provide efficient methods and interfaces for initiating a telephone call and sending messages. In one example, an electronic device provides functionality to initiate a telephone call to a determined number (e.g., 911) and send a message to a designated set of contacts in response to a single input. The number is optionally an emergency number, such as 911, and the message optionally indicates that the user of the electronic device has been involved in an emergency. Such techniques can reduce the cognitive burden on a user who desires to initiate a telephone call and send messages, thereby improving the user's ability to obtain assistance and notify friends and family in an emergency.
• Below,FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, 3, 4A-4B, and 5A-5H provide a description of exemplary devices for performing the techniques for initiating a telephone call.FIGS. 6A-6X illustrate exemplary user interfaces for initiating a telephone call.FIGS. 7A-7C and 9A-9B are flow diagrams illustrating methods of initiating a telephone call in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces inFIGS. 6A-6X are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 7A-7C and 9A-9B.
• Although the following description uses terms “first,” “second,” etc. to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first touch could be termed a second touch, and, similarly, a second touch could be termed a first touch, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first touch and the second touch are both touches, but they are not the same touch.
• The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
• The term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.
• Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Exemplary embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touchpad).
• In the discussion that follows, an electronic device that includes a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the electronic device optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, and/or a joystick.
• The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a website creation application, a disk authoring application, a spreadsheet application, a gaming application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
• The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed on the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.
• Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays.FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating portablemultifunction device100 with touch-sensitive display system112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display112 is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience and is sometimes known as or called a “touch-sensitive display system.”Device100 includes memory102 (which optionally includes one or more computer-readable storage mediums),memory controller122, one or more processing units (CPUs)120, peripherals interface118,RF circuitry108,audio circuitry110,speaker111,microphone113, input/output (I/O) subsystem106, otherinput control devices116, andexternal port124.Device100 optionally includes one or moreoptical sensors164.Device100 optionally includes one or morecontact intensity sensors165 for detecting intensity of contacts on device100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system112 of device100).Device100 optionally includes one or moretactile output generators167 for generating tactile outputs on device100 (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system112 ofdevice100 ortouchpad355 of device300). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses orsignal lines103.
• As used in the specification and claims, the term “intensity” of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface refers to the force or pressure (force per unit area) of a contact (e.g., a finger contact) on the touch-sensitive surface, or to a substitute (proxy) for the force or pressure of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface. The intensity of a contact has a range of values that includes at least four distinct values and more typically includes hundreds of distinct values (e.g., at least 256). Intensity of a contact is, optionally, determined (or measured) using various approaches and various sensors or combinations of sensors. For example, one or more force sensors underneath or adjacent to the touch-sensitive surface are, optionally, used to measure force at various points on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, force measurements from multiple force sensors are combined (e.g., a weighted average) to determine an estimated force of a contact. Similarly, a pressure-sensitive tip of a stylus is, optionally, used to determine a pressure of the stylus on the touch-sensitive surface. Alternatively, the size of the contact area detected on the touch-sensitive surface and/or changes thereto, the capacitance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto, and/or the resistance of the touch-sensitive surface proximate to the contact and/or changes thereto are, optionally, used as a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface. In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are used directly to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is described in units corresponding to the substitute measurements). In some implementations, the substitute measurements for contact force or pressure are converted to an estimated force or pressure, and the estimated force or pressure is used to determine whether an intensity threshold has been exceeded (e.g., the intensity threshold is a pressure threshold measured in units of pressure). Using the intensity of a contact as an attribute of a user input allows for user access to additional device functionality that may otherwise not be accessible by the user on a reduced-size device with limited real estate for displaying affordances (e.g., on a touch-sensitive display) and/or receiving user input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display, a touch-sensitive surface, or a physical/mechanical control such as a knob or a button).
• As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user.
• It should be appreciated thatdevice100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and thatdevice100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown inFIG. 1A are implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing and/or application-specific integrated circuits.
• Memory102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices.Memory controller122 optionally controls access tomemory102 by other components ofdevice100.
• Peripherals interface118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device toCPU120 andmemory102. The one ormore processors120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored inmemory102 to perform various functions fordevice100 and to process data. In some embodiments, peripherals interface118,CPU120, andmemory controller122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such aschip104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.
• RF (radio frequency)circuitry108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals.RF circuitry108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals.RF circuitry108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth.RF circuitry108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. TheRF circuitry108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for detecting near field communication (NFC) fields, such as by a short-range communication radio. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPDA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n, and/or IEEE 802.11ac), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
• Audio circuitry110,speaker111, andmicrophone113 provide an audio interface between a user anddevice100.Audio circuitry110 receives audio data fromperipherals interface118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal tospeaker111.Speaker111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves.Audio circuitry110 also receives electrical signals converted bymicrophone113 from sound waves.Audio circuitry110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted tomemory102 and/orRF circuitry108 byperipherals interface118. In some embodiments,audio circuitry110 also includes a headset jack (e.g.,212,FIG. 2). The headset jack provides an interface betweenaudio circuitry110 and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone).
• I/O subsystem106 couples input/output peripherals ondevice100, such astouch screen112 and otherinput control devices116, toperipherals interface118. I/O subsystem106 optionally includesdisplay controller156,optical sensor controller158,intensity sensor controller159,haptic feedback controller161, and one ormore input controllers160 for other input or control devices. The one ormore input controllers160 receive/send electrical signals from/to otherinput control devices116. The otherinput control devices116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s)160 are, optionally, coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g.,208,FIG. 2) optionally include an up/down button for volume control ofspeaker111 and/ormicrophone113. The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g.,206,FIG. 2).
• A quick press of the push button optionally disengages a lock oftouch screen112 or optionally begins a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/322,549, “Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on an Unlock Image,” filed Dec. 23, 2005, U.S. Pat. No. 7,657,849, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. A longer press of the push button (e.g.,206) optionally turns power todevice100 on or off. The functionality of one or more of the buttons are, optionally, user-customizable.Touch screen112 is used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft keyboards.
• Touch-sensitive display112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user.Display controller156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/totouch screen112.Touch screen112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output optionally corresponds to user-interface objects.
• Touch screen112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor, or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact.Touch screen112 and display controller156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) ontouch screen112 and convert the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages, or images) that are displayed ontouch screen112. In an exemplary embodiment, a point of contact betweentouch screen112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user.
• Touch screen112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments.Touch screen112 anddisplay controller156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact withtouch screen112. In an exemplary embodiment, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone® and iPod Touch® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.
• A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments oftouch screen112 is, optionally, analogous to the multi-touch sensitive touchpads described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,932 (Westerman), and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However,touch screen112 displays visual output fromdevice100, whereas touch-sensitive touchpads do not provide visual output.
• A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments oftouch screen112 is described in the following applications: (1) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313, “Multipoint Touch Surface Controller,” filed May 2, 2006; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, “Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758, “Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (7) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,700, “Operation Of A Computer With A Touch Screen Interface,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, “Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard,” filed Sep. 16, 2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006. All of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
• Touch screen112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen has a video resolution of approximately 160 dpi. The user optionally makes contact withtouch screen112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.
• In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen,device100 optionally includes a touchpad (not shown) for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate fromtouch screen112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.
• Device100 also includespower system162 for powering the various components.Power system162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.
• Device100 optionally also includes one or moreoptical sensors164.FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled tooptical sensor controller158 in I/O subsystem106.Optical sensor164 optionally includes charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors.Optical sensor164 receives light from the environment, projected through one or more lenses, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module143 (also called a camera module),optical sensor164 optionally captures still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back ofdevice100, oppositetouch screen display112 on the front of the device so that the touch screen display is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user's image is, optionally, obtained for video conferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position ofoptical sensor164 can be changed by the user (e.g., by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so that a singleoptical sensor164 is used along with the touch screen display for both video conferencing and still and/or video image acquisition.
• Device100 optionally also includes one or morecontact intensity sensors165.FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled tointensity sensor controller159 in I/O subsystem106.Contact intensity sensor165 optionally includes one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface).Contact intensity sensor165 receives contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system112). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back ofdevice100, oppositetouch screen display112, which is located on the front ofdevice100.
• Device100 optionally also includes one ormore proximity sensors166.FIG. 1A showsproximity sensor166 coupled toperipherals interface118. Alternately,proximity sensor166 is, optionally, coupled toinput controller160 in I/O subsystem106.Proximity sensor166 optionally performs as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/241,839, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/240,788, “Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”; Ser. No. 11/620,702, “Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”; Ser. No. 11/586,862, “Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”; and Ser. No. 11/638,251, “Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disablestouch screen112 when the multifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).
• Device100 optionally also includes one or moretactile output generators167.FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled tohaptic feedback controller161 in I/O subsystem106.Tactile output generator167 optionally includes one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device).Contact intensity sensor165 receives tactile feedback generation instructions fromhaptic feedback module133 and generates tactile outputs ondevice100 that are capable of being sensed by a user ofdevice100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system112) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device100). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back ofdevice100, oppositetouch screen display112, which is located on the front ofdevice100.
• Device100 optionally also includes one ormore accelerometers168.FIG. 1A showsaccelerometer168 coupled toperipherals interface118. Alternately,accelerometer168 is, optionally, coupled to aninput controller160 in I/O subsystem106.Accelerometer168 optionally performs as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050190059, “Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices,” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20060017692, “Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based On An Accelerometer,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers.Device100 optionally includes, in addition to accelerometer(s)168, a magnetometer (not shown) and a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver (not shown) for obtaining information concerning the location and orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) ofdevice100.
• In some embodiments, the software components stored inmemory102 includeoperating system126, communication module (or set of instructions)128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions)130, graphics module (or set of instructions)132, text input module (or set of instructions)134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions)135, and applications (or sets of instructions)136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory102 (FIG. 1A) or370 (FIG. 3) stores device/globalinternal state157, as shown inFIGS. 1A and 3. Device/globalinternal state157 includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions oftouch screen display112; sensor state, including information obtained from the device's various sensors andinput control devices116; and location information concerning the device's location and/or attitude.
• Operating system126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, iOS, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.
• Communication module128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or moreexternal ports124 and also includes various software components for handling data received byRF circuitry108 and/orexternal port124. External port124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with, the 30-pin connector used on iPod® (trademark of Apple Inc.) devices.
• Contact/motion module130 optionally detects contact with touch screen112 (in conjunction with display controller156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact, such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module130 anddisplay controller156 detect contact on a touchpad.
• In some embodiments, contact/motion module130 uses a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user (e.g., to determine whether a user has “clicked” on an icon). In some embodiments, at least a subset of the intensity thresholds are determined in accordance with software parameters (e.g., the intensity thresholds are not determined by the activation thresholds of particular physical actuators and can be adjusted without changing the physical hardware of device100). For example, a mouse “click” threshold of a trackpad or touch screen display can be set to any of a large range of predefined threshold values without changing the trackpad or touch screen display hardware. Additionally, in some implementations, a user of the device is provided with software settings for adjusting one or more of the set of intensity thresholds (e.g., by adjusting individual intensity thresholds and/or by adjusting a plurality of intensity thresholds at once with a system-level click “intensity” parameter).
• Contact/motion module130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (liftoff) event.
• Graphics module132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics ontouch screen112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast, or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including, without limitation, text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations, and the like.
• In some embodiments,graphics module132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code.Graphics module132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to displaycontroller156.
• Haptic feedback module133 includes various software components for generating instructions used by tactile output generator(s)167 to produce tactile outputs at one or more locations ondevice100 in response to user interactions withdevice100.
• Text input module134, which is, optionally, a component ofgraphics module132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g.,contacts137,e-mail140,IM141,browser147, and any other application that needs text input).
• GPS module135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone138 for use in location-based dialing; tocamera143 as picture/video metadata; and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).
• Applications136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
• • Contacts module137 (sometimes called an address book or contact list);
  • Telephone module138;
  • Video conference module139;
  • E-mail client module140;
  • Instant messaging (IM)module141;
  • Workout support module142;
  • Camera module143 for still and/or video images;
  • Image management module144;
  • Video player module;
  • Music player module;
  • Browser module147;
  • Calendar module148;
  • Widget modules149, which optionally include one or more of: weather widget149-1, stocks widget149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget149-4, dictionary widget149-5, and other widgets obtained by the user, as well as user-created widgets149-6;
  • Widget creator module150 for making user-created widgets149-6;
  • Search module151;
  • Video andmusic player module152, which merges video player module and music player module;
  • Notes module153;
  • Map module154; and/or
  • Online video module155.
• Examples ofother applications136 that are, optionally, stored inmemory102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,contacts module137 are, optionally, used to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in applicationinternal state192 ofcontacts module137 inmemory102 or memory370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications bytelephone138,video conference module139,e-mail140, orIM141; and so forth.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,audio circuitry110,speaker111,microphone113,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,telephone module138 are optionally, used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers incontacts module137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation, and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols, and technologies.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,audio circuitry110,speaker111,microphone113,touch screen112,display controller156,optical sensor164,optical sensor controller158, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,text input module134,contacts module137, andtelephone module138,video conference module139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,e-mail client module140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction withimage management module144,e-mail client module140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken withcamera module143.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134, theinstant messaging module141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in an MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, or IMPS).
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,text input module134,GPS module135,map module154, and music player module,workout support module142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (sports devices); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store, and transmit workout data.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156, optical sensor(s)164,optical sensor controller158, contact/motion module130,graphics module132, andimage management module144,camera module143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them intomemory102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, or delete a still image or video frommemory102.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,text input module134, andcamera module143,image management module144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,browser module147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,text input module134,e-mail client module140, andbrowser module147,calendar module148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to-do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,text input module134, andbrowser module147,widget modules149 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget149-1, stocks widget149-2, calculator widget149-3, alarm clock widget149-4, and dictionary widget149-5) or created by the user (e.g., user-created widget149-6). In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets).
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,text input module134, andbrowser module147, thewidget creator module150 are, optionally, used by a user to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134,search module151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files inmemory102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,audio circuitry110,speaker111,RF circuitry108, andbrowser module147, video andmusic player module152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present, or otherwise play back videos (e.g., ontouch screen112 or on an external, connected display via external port124). In some embodiments,device100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132, andtext input module134, notesmodule153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to-do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withRF circuitry108,touch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,text input module134,GPS module135, andbrowser module147,map module154 are, optionally, used to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions, data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location, and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.
• In conjunction withtouch screen112,display controller156, contact/motion module130,graphics module132,audio circuitry110,speaker111,RF circuitry108,text input module134,e-mail client module140, andbrowser module147,online video module155 includes instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via external port124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments,instant messaging module141, rather thane-mail client module140, is used to send a link to a particular online video. Additional description of the online video application can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/936,562, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Jun. 20, 2007, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/968,067, “Portable Multifunction Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Playing Online Videos,” filed Dec. 31, 2007, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
• Each of the above-identified modules and applications corresponds to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. For example, video player module is, optionally, combined with music player module into a single module (e.g., video andmusic player module152,FIG. 1A). In some embodiments,memory102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore,memory102 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
• In some embodiments,device100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation ofdevice100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) ondevice100 is, optionally, reduced.
• The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigatesdevice100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed ondevice100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touchpad. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touchpad.
• FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating exemplary components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory102 (FIG. 1A) or370 (FIG. 3) includes event sorter170 (e.g., in operating system126) and a respective application136-1 (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications137-151,155,380-390).
• Event sorter170 receives event information and determines the application136-1 andapplication view191 of application136-1 to which to deliver the event information.Event sorter170 includes event monitor171 andevent dispatcher module174. In some embodiments, application136-1 includes applicationinternal state192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/globalinternal state157 is used byevent sorter170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and applicationinternal state192 is used byevent sorter170 to determineapplication views191 to which to deliver event information.
• In some embodiments, applicationinternal state192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.
• Event monitor171 receives event information fromperipherals interface118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem106 or a sensor, such asproximity sensor166, accelerometer(s)168, and/or microphone113 (through audio circuitry110). Information that peripherals interface118 receives from I/O subsystem106 includes information from touch-sensitive display112 or a touch-sensitive surface.
• In some embodiments, event monitor171 sends requests to the peripherals interface118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface118 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripherals interface118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).
• In some embodiments,event sorter170 also includes a hitview determination module172 and/or an active eventrecognizer determination module173.
• Hitview determination module172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views when touch-sensitive display112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.
• Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.
• Hitview determination module172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hitview determination module172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (e.g., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hitview determination module172, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.
• Active eventrecognizer determination module173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active eventrecognizer determination module173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active eventrecognizer determination module173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.
• Event dispatcher module174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer180). In embodiments including active eventrecognizer determination module173,event dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active eventrecognizer determination module173. In some embodiments,event dispatcher module174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by arespective event receiver182.
• In some embodiments,operating system126 includesevent sorter170. Alternatively, application136-1 includesevent sorter170. In yet other embodiments,event sorter170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored inmemory102, such as contact/motion module130.
• In some embodiments, application136-1 includes a plurality ofevent handlers190 and one or more application views191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Eachapplication view191 of the application136-1 includes one ormore event recognizers180. Typically, arespective application view191 includes a plurality ofevent recognizers180. In other embodiments, one or more ofevent recognizers180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit (not shown) or a higher level object from which application136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, arespective event handler190 includes one or more of:data updater176,object updater177,GUI updater178, and/orevent data179 received fromevent sorter170.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or callsdata updater176,object updater177, orGUI updater178 to update the applicationinternal state192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views191 include one or morerespective event handlers190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more ofdata updater176,object updater177, andGUI updater178 are included in arespective application view191.
• Arespective event recognizer180 receives event information (e.g., event data179) fromevent sorter170 and identifies an event from the event information.Event recognizer180 includesevent receiver182 andevent comparator184. In some embodiments,event recognizer180 also includes at least a subset of:metadata183, and event delivery instructions188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).
• Event receiver182 receives event information fromevent sorter170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current orientation (also called device attitude) of the device.
• Event comparator184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments,event comparator184 includesevent definitions186.Event definitions186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event1 (187-1), event2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event (187) include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second liftoff (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display112, and liftoff of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associatedevent handlers190.
• In some embodiments, event definition187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments,event comparator184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display112,event comparator184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with arespective event handler190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine whichevent handler190 should be activated. For example,event comparator184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.
• In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event (187) also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.
• When arespective event recognizer180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events inevent definitions186, therespective event recognizer180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.
• In some embodiments, arespective event recognizer180 includesmetadata183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments,metadata183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments,metadata183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.
• In some embodiments, arespective event recognizer180 activatesevent handler190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, arespective event recognizer180 delivers event information associated with the event toevent handler190. Activating anevent handler190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments,event recognizer180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, andevent handler190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.
• In some embodiments,event delivery instructions188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.
• In some embodiments,data updater176 creates and updates data used in application136-1. For example,data updater176 updates the telephone number used incontacts module137, or stores a video file used in video player module. In some embodiments, objectupdater177 creates and updates objects used in application136-1. For example, objectupdater177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object.GUI updater178 updates the GUI. For example,GUI updater178 prepares display information and sends it tographics module132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.
• In some embodiments, event handler(s)190 includes or has access todata updater176,object updater177, andGUI updater178. In some embodiments,data updater176,object updater177, andGUI updater178 are included in a single module of a respective application136-1 orapplication view191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.
• It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operatemultifunction devices100 with input devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc. on touchpads; pen stylus inputs; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.
• FIG. 2 illustrates aportable multifunction device100 having atouch screen112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI)200. In this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers202 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses203 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward), and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact withdevice100. In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.
• Device100 optionally also include one or more physical buttons, such as “home” ormenu button204. As described previously,menu button204 is, optionally, used to navigate to anyapplication136 in a set of applications that are, optionally, executed ondevice100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed ontouch screen112.
• In some embodiments,device100 includestouch screen112,menu button204,push button206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s)208, subscriber identity module (SIM)card slot210,headset jack212, and docking/chargingexternal port124.Push button206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In an alternative embodiment,device100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions throughmicrophone113.Device100 also, optionally, includes one or morecontact intensity sensors165 for detecting intensity of contacts ontouch screen112 and/or one or moretactile output generators167 for generating tactile outputs for a user ofdevice100.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.Device300 need not be portable. In some embodiments,device300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller).Device300 typically includes one or more processing units (CPUs)310, one or more network orother communications interfaces360,memory370, and one ormore communication buses320 for interconnecting these components.Communication buses320 optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components.Device300 includes input/output (I/O)interface330 comprisingdisplay340, which is typically a touch screen display. I/O interface330 also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device)350 andtouchpad355,tactile output generator357 for generating tactile outputs on device300 (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s)167 described above with reference toFIG. 1A), sensors359 (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s)165 described above with reference toFIG. 1A).Memory370 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices.Memory370 optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s)310. In some embodiments,memory370 stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored inmemory102 of portable multifunction device100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore,memory370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present inmemory102 of portablemultifunction device100. For example,memory370 ofdevice300 optionallystores drawing module380,presentation module382,word processing module384,website creation module386,disk authoring module388, and/orspreadsheet module390, whilememory102 of portable multifunction device100 (FIG. 1A) optionally does not store these modules.
• Each of the above-identified elements inFIG. 3 is, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above-identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above-identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise rearranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments,memory370 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore,memory370 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.
• Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces that are, optionally, implemented on, for example,portable multifunction device100.
• FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of applications onportable multifunction device100 in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented ondevice300. In some embodiments,user interface400 includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
• • Signal strength indicator(s)402 for wireless communication(s), such as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;
  • Time404;
  • Bluetooth indicator405;
  • Battery status indicator406;
  • Tray408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:
    • Icon416 fortelephone module138, labeled “Phone,” which optionally includes anindicator414 of the number of missed calls or voicemail messages;
    • Icon418 fore-mail client module140, labeled “Mail,” which optionally includes anindicator410 of the number of unread e-mails;
    • Icon420 forbrowser module147, labeled “Browser;” and
    • Icon422 for video andmusic player module152, also referred to as iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.)module152, labeled “iPod;” and
  • Icons for other applications, such as:
    • Icon424 forIM module141, labeled “Messages;”
    • Icon426 forcalendar module148, labeled “Calendar;”
    • Icon428 forimage management module144, labeled “Photos;”
    • Icon430 forcamera module143, labeled “Camera;”
    • Icon432 foronline video module155, labeled “Online Video;”
    • Icon434 for stocks widget149-2, labeled “Stocks;”
    • Icon436 formap module154, labeled “Maps;”
    • Icon438 for weather widget149-1, labeled “Weather;”
    • Icon440 for alarm clock widget149-4, labeled “Clock;”
    • Icon442 forworkout support module142, labeled “Workout Support;”
    • Icon444 fornotes module153, labeled “Notes;” and
    • Icon446 for a settings application or module, labeled “Settings,” which provides access to settings fordevice100 and itsvarious applications136.
• It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated inFIG. 4A are merely exemplary. For example,icon422 for video andmusic player module152 is labeled “Music” or “Music Player.” Other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon.
• FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary user interface on a device (e.g.,device300,FIG. 3) with a touch-sensitive surface451 (e.g., a tablet ortouchpad355,FIG. 3) that is separate from the display450 (e.g., touch screen display112).Device300 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors (e.g., one or more of sensors359) for detecting intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface451 and/or one or moretactile output generators357 for generating tactile outputs for a user ofdevice300.
• Although some of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display112 (where the touch-sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown inFIG. 4B. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,451 inFIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g.,452 inFIG. 4B) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g.,453 inFIG. 4B) on the display (e.g.,450). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g.,460 and462 inFIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., inFIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to468 and462 corresponds to470). In this way, user inputs (e.g.,contacts460 and462, and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,451 inFIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g.,450 inFIG. 4B) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein.
• Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse-based input or stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.
• FIG. 5A illustrates exemplary personalelectronic device500.Device500 includesbody502. In some embodiments,device500 can include some or all of the features described with respect todevices100 and300 (e.g.,FIGS. 1A-4B). In some embodiments,device500 has touch-sensitive display screen504,hereafter touch screen504. Alternatively, or in addition totouch screen504,device500 has a display and a touch-sensitive surface. As withdevices100 and300, in some embodiments, touch screen504 (or the touch-sensitive surface) optionally includes one or more intensity sensors for detecting intensity of contacts (e.g., touches) being applied. The one or more intensity sensors of touch screen504 (or the touch-sensitive surface) can provide output data that represents the intensity of touches. The user interface ofdevice500 can respond to touches based on their intensity, meaning that touches of different intensities can invoke different user interface operations ondevice500.
• Exemplary techniques for detecting and processing touch intensity are found, for example, in related applications: International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/040061, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Displaying User Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application,” filed May 8, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2013/169849, and International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2013/069483, titled “Device, Method, and Graphical User Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display Output Relationships,” filed Nov. 11, 2013, published as WIPO Publication No. WO/2014/105276, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
• In some embodiments,device500 has one ormore input mechanisms506 and508.Input mechanisms506 and508, if included, can be physical. Examples of physical input mechanisms include push buttons and rotatable mechanisms. In some embodiments,device500 has one or more attachment mechanisms. Such attachment mechanisms, if included, can permit attachment ofdevice500 with, for example, hats, eyewear, earrings, necklaces, shirts, jackets, bracelets, watch straps, chains, trousers, belts, shoes, purses, backpacks, and so forth. These attachment mechanisms permitdevice500 to be worn by a user.
• FIG. 5B depicts exemplary personalelectronic device500. In some embodiments,device500 can include some or all of the components described with respect toFIGS. 1A, 1B, and3.Device500 hasbus512 that operatively couples I/O section514 with one ormore computer processors516 andmemory518. I/O section514 can be connected to display504, which can have touch-sensitive component522 and, optionally, intensity sensor524 (e.g., contact intensity sensor). In addition, I/O section514 can be connected with communication unit530 for receiving application and operating system data, using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), cellular, and/or other wireless communication techniques.Device500 can includeinput mechanisms506 and/or508.Input mechanism506 is, optionally, a rotatable input device or a depressible and rotatable input device, for example.Input mechanism508 is, optionally, a button, in some examples.
• Input mechanism508 is, optionally, a microphone, in some examples. Personalelectronic device500 optionally includes various sensors, such asGPS sensor532,accelerometer534, directional sensor540 (e.g., compass),gyroscope536,motion sensor538, and/or a combination thereof, all of which can be operatively connected to I/O section514.
• Memory518 of personalelectronic device500 can include one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums, for storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by one ormore computer processors516, for example, can cause the computer processors to perform the techniques described below, includingprocesses700 and900 (FIGS. 7A-7C and 9A-9B). A computer-readable storage medium can be any medium that can tangibly contain or store computer-executable instructions for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In some examples, the storage medium is a transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some examples, the storage medium is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor storages. Examples of such storage include magnetic disks, optical discs based on CD, DVD, or Blu-ray technologies, as well as persistent solid-state memory such as flash, solid-state drives, and the like. Personalelectronic device500 is not limited to the components and configuration ofFIG. 5B, but can include other or additional components in multiple configurations.
• As used here, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object that is, optionally, displayed on the display screen ofdevices100,300, and/or500 (FIGS. 1, 3, and 5). For example, an image (e.g., icon), a button, and text (e.g., hyperlink) each optionally constitute an affordance.
• As used herein, the term “focus selector” refers to an input element that indicates a current part of a user interface with which a user is interacting. In some implementations that include a cursor or other location marker, the cursor acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input) is detected on a touch-sensitive surface (e.g.,touchpad355 inFIG. 3 or touch-sensitive surface451 inFIG. 4B) while the cursor is over a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations that include a touch screen display (e.g., touch-sensitive display system112 inFIG. 1A ortouch screen112 inFIG. 4A) that enables direct interaction with user interface elements on the touch screen display, a detected contact on the touch screen acts as a “focus selector” so that when an input (e.g., a press input by the contact) is detected on the touch screen display at a location of a particular user interface element (e.g., a button, window, slider, or other user interface element), the particular user interface element is adjusted in accordance with the detected input. In some implementations, focus is moved from one region of a user interface to another region of the user interface without corresponding movement of a cursor or movement of a contact on a touch screen display (e.g., by using a tab key or arrow keys to move focus from one button to another button); in these implementations, the focus selector moves in accordance with movement of focus between different regions of the user interface. Without regard to the specific form taken by the focus selector, the focus selector is generally the user interface element (or contact on a touch screen display) that is controlled by the user so as to communicate the user's intended interaction with the user interface (e.g., by indicating, to the device, the element of the user interface with which the user is intending to interact). For example, the location of a focus selector (e.g., a cursor, a contact, or a selection box) over a respective button while a press input is detected on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touchpad or touch screen) will indicate that the user is intending to activate the respective button (as opposed to other user interface elements shown on a display of the device).
• As used in the specification and claims, the term “characteristic intensity” of a contact refers to a characteristic of the contact based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is based on multiple intensity samples. The characteristic intensity is, optionally, based on a predefined number of intensity samples, or a set of intensity samples collected during a predetermined time period (e.g., 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 seconds) relative to a predefined event (e.g., after detecting the contact, prior to detecting liftoff of the contact, before or after detecting a start of movement of the contact, prior to detecting an end of the contact, before or after detecting an increase in intensity of the contact, and/or before or after detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact). A characteristic intensity of a contact is, optionally, based on one or more of: a maximum value of the intensities of the contact, a mean value of the intensities of the contact, an average value of the intensities of the contact, a top 10 percentile value of the intensities of the contact, a value at the half maximum of the intensities of the contact, a value at the 90 percent maximum of the intensities of the contact, or the like. In some embodiments, the duration of the contact is used in determining the characteristic intensity (e.g., when the characteristic intensity is an average of the intensity of the contact over time). In some embodiments, the characteristic intensity is compared to a set of one or more intensity thresholds to determine whether an operation has been performed by a user. For example, the set of one or more intensity thresholds optionally includes a first intensity threshold and a second intensity threshold. In this example, a contact with a characteristic intensity that does not exceed the first threshold results in a first operation, a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the first intensity threshold and does not exceed the second intensity threshold results in a second operation, and a contact with a characteristic intensity that exceeds the second threshold results in a third operation. In some embodiments, a comparison between the characteristic intensity and one or more thresholds is used to determine whether or not to perform one or more operations (e.g., whether to perform a respective operation or forgo performing the respective operation), rather than being used to determine whether to perform a first operation or a second operation.
• FIG. 5C illustrates detecting a plurality ofcontacts552A-552E on touch-sensitive display screen504 with a plurality ofintensity sensors524A-524D.FIG. 5C additionally includes intensity diagrams that show the current intensity measurements of theintensity sensors524A-524D relative to units of intensity. In this example, the intensity measurements ofintensity sensors524A and524D are each 9 units of intensity, and the intensity measurements ofintensity sensors524B and524C are each 7 units of intensity. In some implementations, an aggregate intensity is the sum of the intensity measurements of the plurality ofintensity sensors524A-524D, which in this example is 32 intensity units. In some embodiments, each contact is assigned a respective intensity that is a portion of the aggregate intensity.FIG. 5D illustrates assigning the aggregate intensity tocontacts552A-552E based on their distance from the center offorce554. In this example, each ofcontacts552A,552B, and552E are assigned an intensity of contact of 8 intensity units of the aggregate intensity, and each ofcontacts552C and552D are assigned an intensity of contact of 4 intensity units of the aggregate intensity. More generally, in some implementations, each contact j is assigned a respective intensity Ij that is a portion of the aggregate intensity, A, in accordance with a predefined mathematical function, Ij=A·(Dj/ΣDi), where Dj is the distance of the respective contact j to the center of force, and ΣDi is the sum of the distances of all the respective contacts (e.g., i=1 to last) to the center of force. The operations described with reference toFIGS. 5C-5D can be performed using an electronic device similar or identical todevice100,300, or500. In some embodiments, a characteristic intensity of a contact is based on one or more intensities of the contact. In some embodiments, the intensity sensors are used to determine a single characteristic intensity (e.g., a single characteristic intensity of a single contact). It should be noted that the intensity diagrams are not part of a displayed user interface, but are included inFIGS. 5C-5D to aid the reader.
• In some embodiments, a portion of a gesture is identified for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity. For example, a touch-sensitive surface optionally receives a continuous swipe contact transitioning from a start location and reaching an end location, at which point the intensity of the contact increases. In this example, the characteristic intensity of the contact at the end location is, optionally, based on only a portion of the continuous swipe contact, and not the entire swipe contact (e.g., only the portion of the swipe contact at the end location). In some embodiments, a smoothing algorithm is, optionally, applied to the intensities of the swipe contact prior to determining the characteristic intensity of the contact. For example, the smoothing algorithm optionally includes one or more of: an unweighted sliding-average smoothing algorithm, a triangular smoothing algorithm, a median filter smoothing algorithm, and/or an exponential smoothing algorithm. In some circumstances, these smoothing algorithms eliminate narrow spikes or dips in the intensities of the swipe contact for purposes of determining a characteristic intensity.
• The intensity of a contact on the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, characterized relative to one or more intensity thresholds, such as a contact-detection intensity threshold, a light press intensity threshold, a deep press intensity threshold, and/or one or more other intensity thresholds. In some embodiments, the light press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, the deep press intensity threshold corresponds to an intensity at which the device will perform operations that are different from operations typically associated with clicking a button of a physical mouse or a trackpad. In some embodiments, when a contact is detected with a characteristic intensity below the light press intensity threshold (e.g., and above a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold below which the contact is no longer detected), the device will move a focus selector in accordance with movement of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface without performing an operation associated with the light press intensity threshold or the deep press intensity threshold. Generally, unless otherwise stated, these intensity thresholds are consistent between different sets of user interface figures.
• An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the light press intensity threshold to an intensity between the light press intensity threshold and the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “light press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the deep press intensity threshold to an intensity above the deep press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as a “deep press” input. An increase of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity between the contact-detection intensity threshold and the light press intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting the contact on the touch-surface. A decrease of characteristic intensity of the contact from an intensity above the contact-detection intensity threshold to an intensity below the contact-detection intensity threshold is sometimes referred to as detecting liftoff of the contact from the touch-surface. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is zero. In some embodiments, the contact-detection intensity threshold is greater than zero.
• In some embodiments described herein, one or more operations are performed in response to detecting a gesture that includes a respective press input or in response to detecting the respective press input performed with a respective contact (or a plurality of contacts), where the respective press input is detected based at least in part on detecting an increase in intensity of the contact (or plurality of contacts) above a press-input intensity threshold. In some embodiments, the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., a “down stroke” of the respective press input). In some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the press-input threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input).
• FIGS. 5E-5H illustrate detection of a gesture that includes a press input that corresponds to an increase in intensity of acontact562 from an intensity below a light press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_L”) inFIG. 5E, to an intensity above a deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”) inFIG. 5H. The gesture performed withcontact562 is detected on touch-sensitive surface560 whilecursor576 is displayed overapplication icon572B corresponding toApp2, on a displayeduser interface570 that includesapplication icons572A-572D displayed inpredefined region574. In some embodiments, the gesture is detected on touch-sensitive display504. The intensity sensors detect the intensity of contacts on touch-sensitive surface560. The device determines that the intensity ofcontact562 peaked above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”). Contact562 is maintained on touch-sensitive surface560. In response to the detection of the gesture, and in accordance withcontact562 having an intensity that goes above the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”) during the gesture, reduced-scale representations578A-578C (e.g., thumbnails) of recently opened documents forApp2 are displayed, as shown inFIGS. 5F-5H. In some embodiments, the intensity, which is compared to the one or more intensity thresholds, is the characteristic intensity of a contact. It should be noted that the intensity diagram forcontact562 is not part of a displayed user interface, but is included inFIGS. 5E-5H to aid the reader.
• In some embodiments, the display ofrepresentations578A-578C includes an animation. For example,representation578A is initially displayed in proximity ofapplication icon572B, as shown inFIG. 5F. As the animation proceeds,representation578A moves upward andrepresentation578B is displayed in proximity ofapplication icon572B, as shown inFIG. 5G. Then,representations578A moves upward,578B moves upward towardrepresentation578A, andrepresentation578C is displayed in proximity ofapplication icon572B, as shown inFIG. 5H.Representations578A-578C form an array aboveicon572B. In some embodiments, the animation progresses in accordance with an intensity ofcontact562, as shown inFIGS. 5F-5G, where therepresentations578A-578C appear and move upwards as the intensity ofcontact562 increases toward the deep press intensity threshold (e.g., “IT_D”). In some embodiments, the intensity, on which the progress of the animation is based, is the characteristic intensity of the contact. The operations described with reference toFIGS. 5E-5H can be performed using an electronic device similar or identical todevice100,300, or500.
• In some embodiments, the device employs intensity hysteresis to avoid accidental inputs sometimes termed “jitter,” where the device defines or selects a hysteresis intensity threshold with a predefined relationship to the press-input intensity threshold (e.g., the hysteresis intensity threshold is X intensity units lower than the press-input intensity threshold or the hysteresis intensity threshold is 75%, 90%, or some reasonable proportion of the press-input intensity threshold). Thus, in some embodiments, the press input includes an increase in intensity of the respective contact above the press-input intensity threshold and a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold that corresponds to the press-input intensity threshold, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the subsequent decrease in intensity of the respective contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold (e.g., an “up stroke” of the respective press input). Similarly, in some embodiments, the press input is detected only when the device detects an increase in intensity of the contact from an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity at or above the press-input intensity threshold and, optionally, a subsequent decrease in intensity of the contact to an intensity at or below the hysteresis intensity, and the respective operation is performed in response to detecting the press input (e.g., the increase in intensity of the contact or the decrease in intensity of the contact, depending on the circumstances).
• For ease of explanation, the descriptions of operations performed in response to a press input associated with a press-input intensity threshold or in response to a gesture including the press input are, optionally, triggered in response to detecting either: an increase in intensity of a contact above the press-input intensity threshold, an increase in intensity of a contact from an intensity below the hysteresis intensity threshold to an intensity above the press-input intensity threshold, a decrease in intensity of the contact below the press-input intensity threshold, and/or a decrease in intensity of the contact below the hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to the press-input intensity threshold. Additionally, in examples where an operation is described as being performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of a contact below the press-input intensity threshold, the operation is, optionally, performed in response to detecting a decrease in intensity of the contact below a hysteresis intensity threshold corresponding to, and lower than, the press-input intensity threshold.
• Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that are implemented on an electronic device, such asportable multifunction device100,device300, ordevice500.
• FIGS. 6A-6X illustrate exemplary user interfaces for initiating a telephone call and sending messages, in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes inFIGS. 7A-7C and 9A-9B.
• FIG. 6A illustrateselectronic device600 with a touch-sensitive display602. In some embodiments,device600 includes some or all of the features ofdevices100,300, and500, discussed above. InFIG. 6A,device600 displays a user interface screen610-1 on touch-sensitive display602. In the illustrated example,device600 is in a watch mode and user interface screen610-1 is a watch face with an indication of time. In some embodiments, user interface screen610-1 can be a user interface of an application running ondevice600, a home screen with affordances for launching applications, or other user interface thatdevice600 is capable of displaying.
• Device600 receives user input620-1. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 6A, user input620-1 is a press ofphysical button604 ondevice600. In some embodiments,device600 receives user input in the form of a touch gesture on the touch-sensitive display602.Device600 detects user input620-1, and in response to detecting user input620-1, displays a user interface screen610-2 on the touch-sensitive display602, as shown inFIG. 6B. User interface screen610-2 replaces screen610-1 and includes affordance606-1 labeled “Power Off”, affordance606-2 labeled “Medical I.D.”, and affordance606-3 labeled “Emergency S.O.S.”.
• In some embodiments,device600 determines a duration of user input620-1 and whether the duration exceeds a first predetermined amount of time. If so, thendevice600 displays user interface screen610-2. That is, in some embodiments, user interface screen610-2 is displayed in accordance with a determination that the duration of user input620-1 exceeds the first predetermined amount of time.
• In the illustrated embodiment, affordances606-1,606-2, and606-3 can be selected by a swipe gesture at a location on touch-sensitive display602 corresponding to the location of the respective affordance. Affordance606-1, for example, is selected by initiating contact at or near the left side of affordance606-1 inFIG. 6B and maintaining the contact while moving the contact substantially horizontally to the right side of affordance606-1. More generally, selection of affordance606-1 includes movement of the contact from a first predetermined location on the touch-sensitive display602 to a second location on the touch-sensitive display602. In some embodiments, the icon on the left side of affordance606-1 is moved on touch-sensitive display602 in accordance with the contact. Affordance606-2 and affordance606-3 can be selected in an analogous manner as described above for affordance606-1. In some embodiments, affordances606-1,606-2, and606-3 can be selected by another type of user input, such as a tap on a location of the respective affordance or use of rotatable input mechanism (e.g.,physical button604 may be rotatable and depressible to allow a user to move focus to a desired affordance and select the affordance by pressing).
• While displaying user interface screen610-2,device600 detects another user input620-2, as shown inFIG. 6C, which includes a contact on the touch-sensitive display602. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 6C,device600 determines that the contact of user input620-2 corresponds to selection of the affordance606-1. In response to determining that the contact of user input620-2 corresponds to selection of the affordance606-1,device600 causes itself to turn off.
• FIG. 6D also illustratesdevice600 displaying user interface screen610-2. InFIG. 6D, however, the user input620-3 detected bydevice600 includes a contact on the touch-sensitive display602 at the location of affordance606-2. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 6D,device600 determines that the contact of user input620-3 corresponds to selection of the affordance606-2. In response to determining that the contact of user input620-3 corresponds to selection of the affordance606-2,device600 displays medical information, as described in greater detail below with reference toFIG. 6T.
• FIG. 6E also illustratesdevice600 displaying user interface screen610-2. InFIG. 6E, however, the user input620-4 detected bydevice600 includes a contact on the touch-sensitive display602 at the location of affordance606-3. In the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 6E,device600 determines that the contact of user input620-4 corresponds to selection of the affordance606-3. In response to determining that the contact of user input620-4 corresponds to selection of the affordance606-3,device600 causes initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• In some embodiments, the number is predetermined, e.g., by previous user input or a factory preset. In some embodiments, the determined number is an emergency number (e.g., 911, Police, Fire Dept., Hospital, etc.). Optionally, the number is determined based on location. Since different countries or geographic regions may have different emergency numbers, it may be advantageous to determine the location ofdevice600 and determine the emergency number based on the location. In some embodiments, the number is determined, e.g., periodically, in response to a change in location, or at the time the call is caused to be initiated (e.g., by a remote server connected to device600).
• In some embodiments, the call is initiated ondevice600. In some embodiments, the call is initiated on an external device in communication withdevice600. For example, in some embodiments,device600 can operate in a paired relationship with a cell phone, smartphone, or other external device capable of initiating a call. Being in a paired relationship with the external device allowsdevice600 to communicate (e.g., via NFC or Bluetooth protocol) with the external device to send instructions to the external device to initiate the call to the determined number.
• In some embodiments,device600 causes itself, or an external device that initiates the call, to prepare to make the call to the determined number before determining that affordance606-3 has been selected. Preparing the call may reduce the delay in initiating the call once affordance606-3 is selected or one of the other techniques for initiating the telephone call described in the present disclosure is performed. In some embodiment,device600 causes preparation of the telephone call to the determined number in response to user input620-1 inFIG. 6A. In some embodiments, preparing the call includes determining the number to be called and setting device600 (or an external device that is to initiate the call) to prepare the call.
• In the illustrated embodiment, after causing the call to be initiated,device600 replaces user interface screen610-2 with user interface screen610-3 shown inFIG. 6F. User interface screen610-3 includes anindication608 of the number being called (911) and anindication612 of the status of the call (“Calling”).
• In the illustrated embodiment, the device receives data that indicates whether the call was successfully established. If a connection with the determined number is established,device600 changes theindication612 of the status of the call to indicate the current duration of the call (e.g., “01:02”), as shown inFIG. 6G. If not,device600 displays anindication614 that the call has failed and provide anaffordance616 that can be selected to try again to initiate the call (e.g., a “Try Again” button), as shown inFIG. 6H.
• Device600 optionally provides techniques for ending the call after the call has been initiated (e.g., in response to selection of affordance606-3).FIG. 6I illustratesdevice600 displaying user interface screen610-3 as shown inFIG. 6G. User interface screen610-3 includesinstructions618 for ending the call. InFIG. 6I,instructions618 instruct the user to “Press Firmly to End Call.” While displaying user interface screen610-3,device600 detects a user input that includes a contact620-5 on touch-sensitive display602.Device600 determines whether a characteristic intensity of contact620-5 exceeds a threshold intensity. In accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of contact620-5 exceeds the threshold intensity,device600 displays user interface screen610-4 shown inFIG. 6J. In some embodiments, user interface screen610-4 is also displayed bydevice600 in response to a user input that covers touch-sensitive display602 for a predetermined amount of time.
• User interface screen610-4 presents a query whether to end the call (e.g., “End Call?”) and includesaffordance622 labeled “No” andaffordance624 labeled “Yes”. In the illustrated embodiment,device600 causes the call to be continued in response to selection ofaffordance622 and causes the call to end in response to selection ofaffordance624. For embodiments in which the actual communication of the telephone call is made by a device (e.g., a cell phone) external todevice600, causing the call to end includes sending instructions to the external device (e.g., via NFC, Bluetooth communication protocol, etc.) to end the call.
• In response to selection ofaffordance624 “Yes”, in addition to causing the call to end,device600 also indicates that the call has ended by displaying user interface screen610-5 with the text “Call Ended”, as shown inFIG. 6K. In some embodiments,device600 presents a query whether to continue the call, and selecting “No” causesdevice600 to end the call while selecting “Yes” causesdevice600 to continue the call.
• Although the embodiment described with respect toFIG. 6J displays user interface screen610-4, which requires the user to confirm that the call is to be ended, in some embodiments,device600 causes the call to end directly in response to contact620-5, without requiring confirmation or displaying user interface screens610-4 and/or610-5. In some embodiments,device600 causes the call to end directly in response to a user input that covers touch-sensitive display602 for a predetermined amount of time, without requiring confirmation or displaying user interface screens610-4 and/or610-5. The call can is also ended in response to a lost connection or the party at the determined number hanging up or otherwise ending the call.
• As mentioned above,exemplary device600 provides additional techniques for initiating a telephone call to a determined number. In some embodiments,device600 provides techniques for initiating a telephone call to a determined number with a single input. Referring again toFIG. 6A,device600 determines whether the duration of user input620-1 exceeds a second predetermined amount of time. In accordance with a determination that the duration of user input620-1 exceeds the second predetermined amount of time,device600 initiates a countdown, at the end of which the telephone call to the determined number is to be initiated. In some embodiments, the countdown has a predetermined duration (e.g., three seconds).
• FIGS. 6L-6N illustrate an exemplary user interface screen610-6 displayed bydevice600 in accordance with the determination that the duration of user input620-1 exceeds the second predetermined amount of time. In the illustrated embodiment, initiating the countdown includes displaying a visual indication606-4 of the countdown. Visual indication606-4 includes aprogress bar626 that fills in as the countdown progresses. Visual indication606-4 also includes anumeric indication628, the value of which decreases as the countdown progresses. Thenumeric indication628 andprogress bar626 each provides an indication of the status of the countdown. Optionally,device600 provides a haptic output during the countdown (e.g., while displaying the visual indication of the countdown).
• When the countdown has completed (e.g., the predetermined duration has passed since initiation of the countdown, without the countdown being interrupted, canceled, overridden, bypassed, etc.),device600 determines that the countdown has completed. In response to determining that the countdown has completed,device600 causes initiation of the telephone call to the determined number. Since the call is automatically initiated upon completion of the countdown, only a single user input (e.g., an extended press of physical button604) is required to initiate the call.
• In some embodiments, the countdown can be interrupted, canceled, overridden, bypassed, etc. by user input. In the illustrated embodiment,device600 cancels the countdown (which optionally also causes the telephone call not to be initiated) in response to user input (e.g., a tap) onaffordance630 inFIGS. 6L-6N labeled “Cancel”. In some embodiments, a contact on touch-sensitive display602 with a characteristic intensity that exceeds a threshold intensity causesdevice600 to cancel the countdown or display a prompt to allow the user to confirm whether or not to cancel the countdown (e.g., an affordance to confirm cancellation of the countdown or further instructions for ending the countdown). In some embodiments,device600 displays user interface screen610-2 (FIG. 6B) (e.g.,device600 replaces user interface screen610-6 with user interface screen610-2) when or after the countdown is canceled.
• In some embodiments, visual indication606-4 includes an affordance that when selected causesdevice600 to cause initiation of the telephone call. For example, a user could bypass the countdown and cause a telephone call to the determined number to be initiated by performing a left to right swipe gesture on visual indication606-4 before the countdown has expired.
• In some embodiments,device600 bypasses the countdown in response to continuation of the user input620-1. In some embodiments, bypassing the countdown involves beginning the countdown, but initiating the call before completion of the countdown. In some embodiments, bypassing the countdown involves forgoing the countdown process, altogether. For example, in some embodiments,device600 determines whether the duration of the user input620-1 exceeds a third predetermined amount of time that is greater than the second predetermined amount of time discussed above for initiating the countdown. In accordance with a determination that the duration of the user input620-1 exceeds the third predetermined amount of time,device600 causes initiation of the telephone call to the determined number. If the third predetermined amount of time is less than the combined duration of the second predetermined amount of time and the duration of the countdown, then this feature may allow a user to initiate a call with a single input, and to do so more quickly than if the countdown is permitted to complete.
• User interface screen610-6 also displays affordance606-1 and affordance606-2. However, affordance606-1 and affordance606-2 are de-emphasized (e.g., shown in reduced contrast or greyed out) and are optionally deactivated (e.g., they cannot be selected to turn offdevice600 or display medical information, respectively). In user interface screen910-6, visual indication606-4 is displayed in the same location on touch-sensitive display602 as affordance606-3 on user interface screen610-2 (see, e.g.,FIG. 6B). For some embodiments in which user interface screen610-2 is displayed prior to user interface screen610-6,device600 replaces affordance606-3 or converts affordance606-3 into visual indication606-4.
• In some embodiments, the second predetermined amount of time for initiating the countdown is greater than the first predetermined amount of time described above for displaying user interface screen610-2. In some embodiments, in response to user input620-1,device600 displays user interface screen610-2 inFIG. 6B once the first predetermined amount of time is reached, and then initiates the countdown and replaces user interface screen610-2 with user interface screen610-6 inFIG. 6L once the second predetermined amount of time is reached.
• In some embodiments,device600 does not display user interface screen610-2 inFIG. 6B, if at all, until it is determined that user input620-1 has ended. In this case, if the duration of user input620-1 exceeds the second predetermined amount of time,device600 initiates the countdown and displays user interface screen610-6 without displaying user interface screen610-2. If user input620-1 ends and the duration of user input620-1 does not exceed the second predetermined amount of time,device600 displays user interface screen610-2 without initiating the countdown (e.g., if the duration of user input620-1 exceeded the first predetermined amount of time).
• In some embodiments,device600 provides techniques for sending a message to a predetermined set of one or more contacts. In some embodiments, the message includes data indicating a user associated withdevice600 and a location ofdevice600. In this way,device600 can provide information that may allow someone (e.g., a friend, family member, or personal contact) to find the user ofdevice600 and possibly provide assistance to the user in an emergency.
• FIG. 6O illustrates anexemplary message632 displayed, e.g., in a messaging application onexternal device650 that is in communication withdevice600.Message632 includes an indication632-1 of the location oft device600, a map632-2 showing the location ofdevice600, and an indication632-3 of an emergency. In some embodiments, map632-2 includes a link to directions to the location ofdevice600. In some embodiments,external device650 receives the message and displays a notification of the message (e.g., on a lock screen, as a pop-up, and/or as a banner).FIG. 6P illustrates an embodiment of anotification634 that is displayed on a lock screen ofexternal device650 associated with a contact to which the message is sent.Notification634 includes an indication634-1 of an emergency, an indication634-2 that an emergency call was made by a user associated withdevice600, and the location634-3 ofdevice600. Innotification634, the indication634-1 of the emergency includes text (e.g., “Emergency S.O.S.”) and an image (e.g., a yellow triangle with an exclamation point).
• In some embodiments, the content of the message depends on the type of device to which the message is to be sent. For example, in some embodiments, a message to a device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, etc.) using the operating system iOS, provided by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., includes an image and a link to directions to navigate to the location; a message to a device using the operating system Android includes a web link to the location in a web-based map application (e.g., Google Maps); and a message to a non-feature phone or non-smartphone includes only text (e.g., a message that the user associated withdevice600 made an emergency call and coordinates indicating a location).
• In some embodiments,device600 causes the message(s) to be sent to the predetermined set of contacts after causing initiation of the telephone call. In some embodiments, the message is sent without placing an emergency call (e.g.,device600 optionally sends the message in response to input620-1). In some embodiments, the message is caused to be sent in response to any of the events described above that cause initiation of the call (e.g., selection of affordance606-3 or visual indication606-4, a determination that the countdown is complete, a determination that user input620-1 exceeded the third predetermined amount of time, etc.). In some embodiments, the message is caused to be sent in response to, concurrently with, or shortly after causing initiation of the call. In some embodiments,device600 displays an affordance (e.g., a confirmation affordance), and in response to selection of the affordance, causes the at least one message to be sent.
• In some embodiments, device causes the message(s) to be sent to the predetermined set of contacts after the call has ended. The call can end in response to, e.g., user input (as described above), a loss or interruption in the communication signal with the determined number, or ending of the call by the party at the determined number (e.g., hanging up). In some embodiments,device600 determines that the call has ended. In some embodiments,device600 determines that the telephone call has ended based on data received (e.g., from a phone facilitating the telephone call) indicating that the call has ended. In some embodiments,device600 determines that the telephone call has ended based on user input atdevice600 to end the call, such as, e.g., user input620-5 described above and/or selection ofaffordance624 inFIG. 6J.
• In some embodiments,device600 causes the at least one message to be sent a predetermined amount of time after determining that the telephone call has ended.FIG. 6Q illustrates a user interface screen610-7 displayed bydevice600 after determining that the telephone call has ended. In the illustrated embodiment,device600 initiates a countdown to the time at which the message(s) are to be sent to the predetermined set of contacts. In some embodiments, the duration of the countdown is ten seconds. Optionally,device600 provides a haptic output during the countdown. It should be acknowledged that the countdown described here with reference toFIG. 6Q is separate and distinct from the countdown to initiating the call described with reference toFIGS. 6L-6N.
• User interface screen610-7 (FIGS. 6Q-6S) includes anindication636 that contacts (e.g., emergency contacts) are going to be notified and anindication638 of the amount of time remaining in the countdown before the contacts are to be notified.Indication638 is a numeric indication. In some embodiments, user interface screen610-7 includes a progress bar or other indication of the amount of time remaining in the countdown. When the countdown completes,device600 causes the message(s) to be sent and displays anindication642 that the predetermined set of contacts has been notified, as shown inFIG. 6R.
• In some embodiments, the countdown to sending the message(s) can be interrupted or canceled by user input. For example, inFIG. 6Q,device600 detects user input620-6 (e.g., a tap) onaffordance640 labeled “Cancel”. In response to user input620-6,device600 displays the option shown inFIG. 6S, which prompts the user to confirm whether the countdown to sending the at least one message is to be canceled. Ifaffordance644 labeled “No” is selected, then the countdown is not canceled and, e.g., resumes from where it left off at thetime affordance640 “Cancel” was selected or restarts from its initial value (e.g., ten seconds). Ifaffordance644 labeled “Yes” is selected, then the countdown is canceled anddevice600 does not cause the at least one message to be sent.
• In some embodiments, user input620-6 includes a contact on the touch-sensitive display with a characteristic intensity that exceeds a threshold intensity, anddevice600 cancels the countdown or displays affordance642 (“No”) and affordance644 (“Yes”) (or further instructions for canceling the countdown) in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of contact620-6 exceeds the threshold intensity.
• A user interface can be provided to allow a user to designate the set of predetermined contacts to which the message(s) are to be sent. In some embodiments, the user interface for designating the set of predetermined contacts is provided ondevice600. In some embodiments, the user interface is provided on an external device that is configured to be paired with device600 (e.g., a phone or tablet). In some embodiments, the external device may have a larger display that makes it easier for a user to select contacts.
• FIGS. 6U-6X illustrate exemplary user interface screens displayed on anexternal device660 for designating a set of predetermined contacts. User interface screen610-9 inFIG. 6U includesaffordance646 labeled “Add Contact”. In response to user input620-7 onaffordance646,external device660 displays a list of user contacts and/or fields for entering the name and number of a contact so that the contact can be added to the set of contacts. InFIG. 6V, the user contacts are organized and displayed on user interface screen610-10 according to the categories “Medical ID Contact”, “Family”, and “All Contacts.” In some embodiments, the existing set of designated contacts is displayed in a designated area of the contacts list. In the user interface screen610-10, since the user has yet to add a contact to the set, there are no designated Medical ID contacts shown on user interface screen610-10.External device660 detects a user input (e.g., a tap) corresponding to selection of contact “Hilary”. In response,external device660 displays an updated version of user interface screen610-9 shown inFIG. 6W including a representation648 (e.g., a profile) of the contact including, e.g., name, number, and a representative image (e.g., a picture associated with the contact).
• The updated user interface screen610-9 also includesaffordance652 labeled “Let Contacts Know”. In response to user input (e.g., selection of affordance652),external device660 causes a message to be sent to one or more of the numbers associated with the set of contacts to inform the contact(s) that they has been designated as an emergency contact by the user (e.g., to receive emergency notifications related to the user associated with device600). In some embodiments, in response to receiving the notification, the contact may be prompted to accept or deny being included in the set of predetermined contacts (e.g., opt in or out as an emergency contact). In some embodiments,external device660 receives data indicating whether the contact has accepted or denied.
• In some embodiments, in response to user input (e.g., a tap on therepresentation648 of a contact),external device660 displays an option (e.g., affordance654) to remove a corresponding contact from the set of designated contacts.
• As mentioned above,device600 can also display medical information.FIG. 6T illustrates an exemplary user interface screen610-8 with medical information.Device600 displays medical information in response to selection (e.g., user input620-3) of affordance606-2 inFIG. 6D. Optionally,device600 displays medial information after, or in response to determining that, the telephone call has ended. Optionally,device600 displays medical information automatically after message(s) have been sent to the predetermined set of contacts as described above.
• The medical information on user interface screen610-8 includes heartrate (e.g., 73 beats per minute (BPM)), name (e.g., “John Appleseed”), date of birth (DOB: Aug. 3, 1980), and age (e.g.,35). Other non-limiting examples of medical information include medical conditions (e.g., memory impaired), allergies (e.g., allergic to penicillin), medications/dosages, past surgical history, etc. In some embodiments,device600 includes a sensor configured to detect heart rate. In some embodiments,device600 causes user interface screen610-8 (or a portion thereof) to flash and/or provides audio output while the medical information is displayed. Flashing the screen and/or providing audio output may draw attention todevice600, which may assist medical professionals or first responders if, for example, the user ofdevice600 is unconscious.
• FIGS. 7A-7C are flow diagrams illustrating a method for initiation a telephone call using an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.Method700 is performed at a device (e.g.,100,300,500, or600) with a touch-sensitive display (e.g.,602). Some operations inmethod700 are, optionally, combined, the order of some operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted.
• As described below,method700 provides an intuitive way for initiating a telephone call. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for initiating a telephone call, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to initiate a telephone call faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
• Atblock702, the device detects a first user input (e.g.,620-1). In some embodiments, the first user input is a press of a physical button (e.g.,604) on the device.
• Atblock704, in response to detecting the first user input, the device displays on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen (e.g.,610-2) including a first affordance (e.g.,606-1) and a second affordance (e.g.,606-3). Optionally, atblock706, the user interface screen is displayed in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds a first predetermined amount of time. Optionally, atblock708, further in response to detecting the first user input, the device causes preparation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• Optionally, atblock710, the device determines whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a second predetermined amount of time, which is greater than the first predetermined amount of time. Optionally, atblock712, in accordance with a determination that the duration of the user input exceeds the second predetermined amount of time, the device initiates a countdown, displays a visual indication of the countdown (e.g.,606-4), determines whether the countdown has completed, and in response to determining that the countdown has completed, causes initiation of the telephone call to the determined number. In some embodiments, the visual indication of the countdown is displayed at the second affordance (e.g.,606-3). In some embodiments, the device provides a haptic output while displaying the visual indication of the countdown.
• Optionally, atblock714, the device determines whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a third predetermined amount of time, which is greater than the second predetermined amount of time. Optionally, atblock716, in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds the third predetermined amount of time, the device causes initiation of the telephone call to the determined number.
• Atblock718, the device detects a second user input (e.g.,620-2 or620-4), where detecting the second user input includes detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display.
• Atblock720, in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance (e.g.,620-2), the device causes itself to turn off (e.g.,FIG. 6C), or alternatively, in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance (e.g.,620-4), the device causes initiation of a telephone call to a determined number (e.g.,FIG. 6E).
• Optionally, atblock722, after the telephone call is initiated, the device detects a third user input including a contact (e.g.,620-5) on the touch-sensitive display. Optionally, atblock724, the device determines whether a characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds a threshold intensity. Optionally, atblock726, in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds the threshold intensity, the device displays a third affordance (e.g.,624). Optionally, atblock728, the device detects a fourth user input corresponding to selection of the third affordance. Optionally, atblock730, in response to detecting the fourth user input, the device causes the telephone call to end (e.g.,FIG. 6J-6K).
• Optionally, atblock732, after initiating the telephone call (e.g., in response to the telephone call being initiated), the device causes at least one message (e.g.,632) to be sent to a predetermined set of contacts (e.g.,648). In some embodiments, the device causes the at least one message to be sent after a determination that the telephone call has ended. In some embodiments, the at least one message includes data indicating a user of the device, data indicating the location of the device, and/or data indicating an emergency. In some embodiments, the device causes the at least one message to be sent a predetermined amount of time after determining that the telephone call has ended (e.g.,FIG. 6Q).
• Optionally, atblock734, after determining that the call has ended, the device displays medical information (e.g.,610-8).
• Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method700 (e.g.,FIGS. 7A-7C) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the methods described below. For example,method900 optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference tomethod700.
• In accordance with some embodiments,FIG. 8 shows an exemplary functional block diagram of anelectronic device800 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, the functional blocks ofelectronic device800 are configured to perform the techniques described above. The functional blocks of thedevice800 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 8 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.
• As shown inFIG. 8, anelectronic device800 includes a touch-sensitive display unit802 configured to display a graphic user interface and receive contacts and aprocessing unit804 coupled to the touch-sensitive display unit802. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 includes a detecting unit806, adisplay enabling unit808, a causingunit810, a determiningunit812, and an initiatingunit814.
• Theprocessing unit804 is configured to: detect (e.g., with detecting unit806) a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit808), on the touch-sensitive display, of a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance; detect (e.g., with detecting unit806) a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display; in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, cause (e.g., with causing unit810) the electronic device to turn off; and in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, cause (e.g., with causing unit810) initiation of a telephone call to a determined number. In some embodiments, the first user input is a press of a physical button on the electronic device.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to determine (e.g., with determining unit812) whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a first predetermined amount of time, where display of the user interface screen is enabled further in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds the first predetermined amount of time.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to determine (e.g., with determining unit812) whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a second predetermined amount of time, and in accordance with a determination that the duration of the user input exceeds the second predetermined amount of time: initiate (e.g., with initiating unit814) a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes enabling display (e.g., with display enabling unit808) of a visual indication of the countdown; determine (e.g., with determining unit812) that the countdown has completed; and in response to determining that the countdown has completed, cause (e.g., with causing unit810) initiation of the telephone call to the determined number.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to cause (e.g., with causing unit810) a haptic output while the visual indication of the countdown is displayed.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to determine (e.g., with determining unit812) whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a third predetermined amount of time, and in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds the third predetermined amount of time, cause (e.g., with causing unit810) initiation of the telephone call to the determined number. In some embodiments, the third predetermined amount of time is greater than the second predetermined amount of time, and the second predetermined amount of time is greater than the first predetermined amount of time.
• In some embodiments, selection of the first affordance includes movement of the contact from a first predetermined location on the touch-sensitive display to a second location on the touch-sensitive display. In some embodiments, selection of the second affordance includes movement of the contact from a third predetermined location on the touch-sensitive display to a fourth location on the touch-sensitive display.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to, further in response to detecting the first user input and before detecting the second user input, cause (e.g., with causing unit810) preparation of the telephone call to the determined number.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to: after the telephone call is initiated, detect (e.g., with detecting unit806) a third user input including a contact on the touch-sensitive display, where the contact has a characteristic intensity; determine (e.g., with determining unit812) whether the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds a threshold intensity; in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds the threshold intensity, enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit808) of a third affordance; detect (e.g., with detecting unit806) a fourth user input corresponding to selection of the third affordance; and in response to detecting the fourth user input, cause (e.g., with causing unit810) the telephone call to end.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to, in response to causing initiation of the telephone call, cause (e.g., with causing unit810) at least one message to be sent to a predetermined set of contacts.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to, determine (e.g., with determining unit812) that the telephone call has ended, and in response to determining that the telephone call has ended, cause (e.g., with causing unit810) at least one message to be sent to a predetermined set of contacts. In some embodiments, the at least one message is caused to be sent a predetermined amount of time after determining that the telephone call has ended. In some embodiments, the at least one message includes data indicating the location of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the at least one message includes data indicating an emergency.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit804 is further configured to determine (e.g., with determining unit812) that the telephone call has ended, and after determining that the telephone call has ended, enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit808) of medical information.
• The operations described above with reference toFIGS. 7A-7C are, optionally, implemented by components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B orFIG. 8. For example, detectingoperations702,718,722, and728, displayingoperations704,706,712,726, and734, causingoperations708,712,716,720,730, and732, determiningoperations710,712,714, and724, and initiatingoperation712 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter170,event recognizer180, andevent handler190. Event monitor171 inevent sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display112, andevent dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to application136-1. Arespective event recognizer180 of application136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub event, such as activation of an affordance on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer180 activates anevent handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176 or objectupdater177 to update the applicationinternal state192. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses arespective GUI updater178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B.
• FIGS. 9A-9B are flow diagrams illustrating a method for initiating a telephone call using an electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.Method900 is performed at a device (e.g.,100,300,500,600) with a touch-sensitive display. Some operations inmethod900 are, optionally, combined, the order of some operations are, optionally, changed, and some operations are, optionally, omitted.
• As described below,method900 provides an intuitive way for initiating a telephone call. The method reduces the cognitive burden on a user for initiating a telephone call, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated computing devices, enabling a user to initiate a telephone call faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.
• Atblock902, the device detects a first user input (e.g.,620-1). In some embodiments, the first user input is a press of a physical button (e.g.,604) on the device.
• Atblock904, in response to detecting the first user input, the device initiates a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes displaying a visual indication (e.g.,606-4) of the countdown on the display. Optionally, atblock906, the countdown is initiated in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds a first predetermined amount of time. Optionally, the device provides a haptic output while displaying the visual indication of the countdown.
• Optionally, atblock908, further in response to detecting the first user input and before the countdown is complete, the device causes preparation of a telephone call to a determined number.
• Optionally, atblock910, the device determines whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a second predetermined amount of time, where the second predetermined amount of time is greater than the first predetermined amount of time. Optionally, atblock912, in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds the second predetermined amount of time, the device causes initiation of the telephone call to the determined number.
• Atblock914, the device determines whether the countdown has completed. Atblock916, in response to determining that the countdown has completed, the device causes initiation of the telephone call to the determined number.
• Optionally, atblock918, after the telephone call is initiated, the device detects a second user input (e.g.,620-5) including a contact on the touch-sensitive display. Optionally, atblock920, the device determines whether a characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds a threshold intensity. Optionally, atblock922, in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds the threshold intensity, the device displays a second affordance (e.g.,624). Optionally, atblock924, the device detects a third user input corresponding to selection of the third affordance. Optionally, atblock926, in response to detecting the third user input, the device causes the telephone call to end (e.g.,FIG. 6K).
• Optionally, atblock928, after the telephone call is initiated (e.g., in response to causing initiation of the telephone call), the device causes at least one message (e.g.,632) to be sent to a predetermined set of contacts (e.g.,648). In some embodiments, the device causes the at least one message to be sent after a determination that the telephone call has ended. In some embodiments, the at least one message includes data indicating a user of the device, data indicating the location of the device, and/or data indicating an emergency. In some embodiments, the device causes the at least one message to be sent a predetermined amount of time after determining that the telephone call has ended (e.g.,FIG. 6Q-6R).
• Optionally, atblock930, after determining that the call has ended, the device displays medical information (e.g.,610-8).
• Note that details of the processes described above with respect to method900 (e.g.,FIGS. 9A-9B) are also applicable in an analogous manner to the other methods described above. For example,method700 optionally includes one or more of the characteristics of the various methods described above with reference tomethod900.
• In accordance with some embodiments,FIG. 10 shows an exemplary functional block diagram of anelectronic device1000 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described embodiments. In accordance with some embodiments, the functional blocks ofelectronic device1000 are configured to perform the techniques described above. The functional blocks of thedevice1000 are, optionally, implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described inFIG. 10 are, optionally, combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.
• As shown inFIG. 10, anelectronic device1000 includes a touch-sensitive display unit1002 configured to display a graphic user interface and to receive contacts, and aprocessing unit1004 coupled to the touch-sensitive display unit1002. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 includes a detectingunit1006, an initiatingunit1008, a determiningunit1010, a causingunit1012, and adisplay enabling unit1014.
• Theprocessing unit1004 is configured to: detect (e.g., with detecting unit1006) a first user input; in response to detecting the first user input, initiate (e.g., with initiating unit1008) a countdown, where initiating the countdown includes enabling display of a visual indication of the countdown on the display; determine (e.g., with determining unit1010) that the countdown has completed; and in response to determining that the countdown has completed, cause (e.g., with causing unit1012) initiation of a telephone call to a determined number. In some embodiments, the first user input is a press of a physical button on the electronic device.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to determine (e.g., with determining unit1010) whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a first predetermined amount of time, where the countdown is initiated in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds the first predetermined amount of time.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to, while the visual indication of the countdown is displayed, cause (e.g., with causing unit1012) a haptic output.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to: determine (e.g., with determining unit1010) whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a second predetermined amount of time, where the second predetermined amount of time is greater than the first predetermined amount of time; and in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds the second predetermined amount of time, cause (e.g., with causing unit1012) initiation of the telephone call to the determined number.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to, before the visual indication of the countdown is displayed and in response to detecting the first user input is displayed, enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit1014) of a first affordance. Selection of the first affordance initiates the telephone call, and the visual indication of the countdown is displayed at the first affordance.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to, further in response to detecting the first user input and before the countdown is complete, cause (e.g., with causing unit1012) preparation of the telephone call to the determined number.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to: after the telephone call is initiated, detect (e.g., with detecting unit1006) a second user input including a contact on the touch-sensitive display, where the contact has a characteristic intensity; determine (e.g., with determining unit1010) whether the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds a threshold intensity; in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds the threshold intensity, enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit1014) of a second affordance; detect (e.g., with detecting unit1006) a third user input corresponding to selection of the third affordance; and in response to detecting the third user input, cause (e.g., with causing unit1012) the telephone call to end.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to, in response to causing initiation of the telephone call, cause (e.g., with causing unit1012) at least one message to be sent to a predetermined set of contacts. In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to, determine (e.g., with determining unit1010) that the telephone call has ended, and in response to determining that the telephone call has ended, cause (e.g., with causing unit1012) at least one message to be sent to a predetermined set of contacts. In some embodiments, the at least one message is caused to be sent a predetermined amount of time after determining that the telephone call has ended. In some embodiments, the at least one message includes data indicating the location of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the at least one message includes data indicating an emergency.
• In some embodiments, theprocessing unit1004 is further configured to determine (e.g., with determining unit1010) that the telephone call has ended, and after determining that the telephone call has ended, enable display (e.g., with display enabling unit1014) of medical information.
• The operations described above with reference toFIGS. 9A-9B are, optionally, implemented by components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B orFIG. 10. For example, detectingoperations902,918, and924, initiatingoperations904 and906, causingoperations908,912,916,926, and928, determiningoperations910,914, and920, and displayingoperations922 and930 are, optionally, implemented byevent sorter170,event recognizer180, andevent handler190. Event monitor171 inevent sorter170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display112, andevent dispatcher module174 delivers the event information to application136-1. Arespective event recognizer180 of application136-1 compares the event information torespective event definitions186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface corresponds to a predefined event or sub event, such as activation of an affordance on a user interface. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected,event recognizer180 activates anevent handler190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event.Event handler190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater176 or objectupdater177 to update the applicationinternal state192. In some embodiments,event handler190 accesses arespective GUI updater178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted inFIGS. 1A-1B.
• The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the techniques and their practical applications. Others skilled in the art are thereby enabled to best utilize the techniques and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
• Although the disclosure and examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the disclosure and examples as defined by the claims.

Claims (19)

What is claimed is:

1. An electronic device, comprising:

a touch-sensitive display;

one or more processors;

a memory; and

one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for:

detecting a first user input;

in response to detecting the first user input, displaying on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance;

detecting a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display;

in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, causing the electronic device to turn off; and

in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, causing initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.

2. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

determining whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a first predetermined amount of time,

wherein the user interface screen is displayed further in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds the first predetermined amount of time.

3. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

determining whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a second predetermined amount of time; and

in accordance with a determination that the duration of the user input exceeds the second predetermined amount of time:

initiating a countdown, wherein initiating the countdown includes displaying a visual indication of the countdown;

determining that the countdown has completed; and

in response to determining that the countdown has completed, causing initiation of the telephone call to the determined number.

4. The device ofclaim 3, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

while displaying the visual indication of the countdown, providing a haptic output.

5. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

determining whether the duration of the first user input exceeds a third predetermined amount of time; and

in accordance with a determination that the duration of the first user input exceeds the third predetermined amount of time, causing initiation of the telephone call to the determined number.

6. The device ofclaim 5, wherein the third predetermined amount of time is greater than the second predetermined amount of time, and wherein the second predetermined amount of time is greater than the first predetermined amount of time.

7. The device ofclaim 1, wherein selection of the first affordance includes movement of the contact from a first predetermined location on the touch-sensitive display to a second location on the touch-sensitive display.

8. The device ofclaim 1, wherein selection of the second affordance includes movement of the contact from a third predetermined location on the touch-sensitive display to a fourth location on the touch-sensitive display.

9. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

further in response to detecting the first user input and before detecting the second user input, causing preparation of the telephone call to the determined number.

10. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

after the telephone call is initiated, detecting a third user input including a contact on the touch-sensitive display, wherein the contact has a characteristic intensity;

determining whether the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds a threshold intensity;

in accordance with a determination that the characteristic intensity of the contact exceeds the threshold intensity, displaying a third affordance;

detecting a fourth user input corresponding to selection of the third affordance; and

in response to detecting the fourth user input, causing the telephone call to end.

11. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

in response to causing initiation of the telephone call, causing at least one message to be sent to a predetermined set of contacts.

12. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

determining that the telephone call has ended; and

in response to determining that the telephone call has ended, causing at least one message to be sent to a predetermined set of contacts.

13. The device ofclaim 12, wherein the at least one message is caused to be sent a predetermined amount of time after determining that the telephone call has ended.

14. The device ofclaim 11, wherein the at least one message includes data indicating the location of the electronic device.

15. The deviceclaim 11, wherein the at least one message includes data indicating an emergency.

16. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the one or more programs further include instructions for:

determining that the telephone call has ended; and

after determining that the telephone call has ended, displaying medical information.

17. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the first user input is a press of a physical button on the electronic device.

18. A method, comprising:

at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, one or more processors, and memory:

detecting a first user input;

in response to detecting the first user input, displaying on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance;

detecting a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display;

in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, causing the electronic device to turn off; and

in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, causing initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, cause the device to:

detect a first user input;

in response to detecting the first user input, display on the touch-sensitive display a user interface screen including a first affordance and a second affordance;

detect a second user input including detecting a contact on the touch-sensitive display;

in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the first affordance, cause the electronic device to turn off; and

in accordance with a determination that the contact corresponds to selection of the second affordance, cause initiation of a telephone call to a determined number.

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