US20170088665A1 - POLYMERS CONTAINING CYCLOBUTANEDIOL AND 2,2 BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL) AlKYLCARBOXYLIC ACID - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a polyester composition comprising a polyester further comprising (a) at least one cyclobutanediol; (b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof. This polyester composition can be useful in several areas including but not limited to thermoplastic polyesters, curable polyesters, inks, paints, composites, coating compositions, for example, waterborne coatings, water-dispersible coatings, solvent-borne coatings, and powder coatings.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• This invention pertains to the improvement of polymer resins containing 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid (BIS-MCA) through the incorporation of cyclobutanediol.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• There is a need in the art for new and improved polymeric and/or copolymeric materials that are useful in several end-use applications, for example, coatings, thermoplastic polyesters, composites, paints and inks.
• It would be useful in the art to have greater synthetic versatility in polymer reactions containing 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid (BIS-MCA). It would also be useful in the art to have increased dispersibility and hydrolytic stability of polyester dispersions. It would further be useful in the art for polyesters to have enhanced coatings properties such as improved mechanical properties and improved weathering properties. It would also be desirable to have a balance of two or more of properties such as toughness, weatherability, hydrolytic stability and increased dispersibility.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
• This invention relates to a polyester composition comprising a polyester further comprising residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol;
  (b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof.
• It has been discovered that the incorporation of cyclobutanediol into 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid (BIS-MCA)-containing polyesters can allow for improvement of certain properties not believed to be known or expected in the art. The polyesters can have at least one or more of the following properties: toughness, weatherability, hydrolytic stability and increased dispersibility.
• For example, the improved properties can include but are not limited to one or more of or any combination of the following: (1) cyclobutanediol can allow for greater synthetic versatility in reactions containing BIS-MCA; (2) cyclobutanediol can enhance the dispersibility (including water dispersibility) and hydrolytic stability of polyester dispersions containing BIS-MCA; (3) inclusion of cyclobutanediol and BIS-MCA into polymers can lead to enhanced coating properties, such as mechanical properties, and weathering; and (4) polymers containing cyclobutanediol and BIS-MCA provide another alternative to other polymers known in the art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
• The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of certain embodiments of the invention and the working examples. Other embodiments are described in other sections of this disclosure as well.
• Polyesters are typically synthesized using one or more polyhydroxyl compounds and one or more polycarboxylic acid compounds. It is also customary to incorporate monofunctional- and/or polyfunctional-hydroxyl or acid components into the polymer chains in order to modify their structures. The term “polyester”, as used herein, is intended to include “copolyesters” as well. It is to be understood that the term, hydroxyl components, described in this disclosure is meant to include alcohols having one or more hydroxyl (OH) functionalities. Similarly, the term, carboxylic acid components, is meant to include carboxylic acids having one or more carboxyl (COOH) functionalities. Further, it is recognized by one skilled in the art that polyester can also be synthesized by using a polyhydroxyl and a derivative of a polycarboxylic such as, for example, dimethyl ester or other dialkyl esters of a diacid, or diacid chloride or other diacid halides, or acid anhydride. Thus, it is to be understood that the term, carboxylic acid component, described in the invention is meant to include an acid as well as its derivatives that are capable of forming an ester with an alcohol. The term “residue”, as used herein, means any organic structure incorporated into a polymer through a polycondensation and/or an esterification reaction from the corresponding monomer. For example, the dicarboxylic acid residues may be derived from a dicarboxylic acid monomer or its associated acid halides, esters, salts, anhydrides, or mixtures thereof. As used herein, therefore, the term dicarboxylic acid is intended to include dicarboxylic acids and any derivative of a dicarboxylic acid, including its associated acid halides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, or mixtures thereof, useful in a reaction process with a glycol, including a diol, to make polyester. Furthermore, as used in this application, the term “diacid” includes multifunctional acids, for example, branching agents. As used herein, the term “terephthalic acid” is intended to include terephthalic acid itself and residues thereof as well as any derivative of terephthalic acid, including its associated acid halides, esters, half-esters, salts, half-salts, anhydrides, mixed anhydrides, or mixtures thereof or residues thereof useful in a reaction process with a diol to make polyester. For example, dimethyl terephthalate may be used as the starting material. In yet another embodiment, mixtures of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate may be used as the starting material and/or as an intermediate material. Any method known to one of ordinary skill in the art can be used in making the polyesters useful in the invention. In one embodiment, the total reaction time for making the polyester can be: less than 500 minutes, less than 490 minutes, or less than 450 minutes, or less than 400 minutes, or less than 350 minutes, or less than 300 minutes, or less than 280 minutes, or less than 250 minutes.
• In one embodiment, at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof can be aliphatic. In one embodiment, at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof can be aromatic. In one embodiment, there can be mixtures of at least one aliphatic polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof and at least one aromatic polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof.
• In one embodiment, the at least one aliphatic polycarboxylic acid can be chosen from 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, and/or diglycolic acid. In one embodiment, the at least one aliphatic acid can be chosen from 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and adipic acid. In one embodiment, the at least one aliphatic acid can be 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid. In one embodiment, the at least one aliphatic acid can be adipic acid.
• In one embodiment, the at least one aromatic polycarboxylic acid can be chosen from naphthalenedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids. In one embodiment, the polyesters useful in the invention do not include isophthalic acid. In one embodiment, the polyesters useful in the invention to do not include sulfoisophthalic acid. In one embodiment, the polyesters useful in this invention do not include sod iosulfoisophthalic acid.
• In one embodiment, the BIS-MCA can be any known in the art including but not limited to one or more of the following: 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA), 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid (DMBA), 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid (DMPTA) and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)hexanoic acid (DMHA).
• In one embodiment, the cyclobutanediol is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol (TACD). The alkyl group can have from 1 to 8 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol (TACD) can be 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol (TMCD).
• In one embodiment, this invention provides a polyester, comprising the residues of the following: (a) TACD; (b) DMPA; (c) optionally, a polyhydroxyl compound other than TACD and DMPA, and (d) a polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof.
• In one embodiment, this invention provides a polyester, comprising the residues of the following: (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD); (b) DMPA; (c) optionally, a polyhydroxyl compound other than TMCD and DMPA; and (d) a polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof.
• In one embodiment, this invention provides a curable polyester, comprising the residues of the following: (a) TACD; (b) DMPA; (c) optionally, a polyhydroxyl compound other than TACD and DMPA, and (d) a polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof.
• In one embodiment, this invention provides a curable polyester, comprising the residues of the following: (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD); (b) DMPA; (c) optionally, a polyhydroxyl compound other than TMCD and DMPA; and (d) a polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical; for example, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol;
• (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical, for example, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol;
• (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof wherein the alkyl group of said BIS-MCA can be C₁-C₈, or in one embodiment, C₁-C₃or in one embodiment, C₁; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof wherein the alkyl group of said BIS-MCA can be C₁-C₈, or in one embodiment, C₁-C₃or in one embodiment, C₁; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical; for example, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol;
• (b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof selected from selected from at least one of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)hexanoic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof selected from selected from at least one of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)hexanoic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition: wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical; for example, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol;
• (b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid; and
  (c) at least one aliphatic polycarboxylic acid and/or at least one aromatic polycarboxylic acid and/or derivatives of each, or mixtures thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid; and
  (c) at least one aliphatic polycarboxylic acid and/or at least one aromatic polycarboxylic acid and/or derivatives of each, or mixtures thereof.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids. In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
  (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof wherein the alkyl group of said BIS-MCA can be C₁-C₈, or in one embodiment, C₁-C₃or in one embodiment, C₁; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof wherein the alkyl group of said BIS-MCA can be C₁-C₈, or in one embodiment, C₁-C₃or in one embodiment, C₁; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutandiol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof selected from selected from at least one of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)hexanoic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof selected from selected from at least one of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)hexanoic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprises at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof wherein the alkyl group of said BIS-MCA can be C₁-C₈, or in one embodiment, C₁-C₃or in one embodiment, C₁; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof wherein the alkyl group of said BIS-MCA can be C₁-C₈, or in one embodiment, C₁-C₃or in one embodiment, C₁; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof wherein the alkyl group of said BIS-MCA can be C₁-C₈, or in one embodiment, C₁-C₃or in one embodiment, C₁; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one BIS-MCA and/or a derivative thereof wherein the alkyl group of said BIS-MCA can be C₁-C₈, or in one embodiment, C₁-C₃or in one embodiment, C₁; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof selected from selected from at least one of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)hexanoic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof selected from selected from at least one of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)hexanoic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprises at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) at least one cyclobutanediol, for example, a cyclobutanediol which is a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:
• 
• wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;
• (b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a polyester composition wherein the polyester comprises residues of:
• (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  (b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid; and
  (c) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof comprising at least one dialkyl ester of one or more dicarboxylic acids selected from naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, and sulfoisophthalic acids; and
  (d) at least one additional hydroxyl component.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a curable polyester composition or formulation comprising at least one polyester which comprises:
• (a) residues of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol in an amount at least one of the following ranges: from about 1 to about 99 mole percent or from about 1 to about 95 mole percent or from about 5 to 95 mole percent or from about 5 to 50 mole percent or from about 10 to 40 mole percent or from about 10 to 30 mole percent or from about 60 to 99 mole percent or from about 30 to about 95 mole percent;
  (b) residues of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 50 mole percent;
  (c) optionally, residues of at least one additional polyhydroxyl component in an amount in the range of from 0 to 65 mole percent or from 0.01 to 65 mole percent; and
  (d) residues of at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof, wherein the total moles of glycols in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and the total number of acids in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and wherein said polyester has an acid number in the range of from about 10 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 0.10 to about 200 mg KOH/g.
• In one embodiment, this invention provides a curable polyester, comprising the residues of the following: (a) TACD; (b) DMPA; (c) optionally, a polyhydroxyl compound other than TACD and DMPA, and (d) a polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof; wherein said curable polyester has an acid number from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from 20 to about 200 mgKOH/g.
• In one embodiment, this invention provides a polyester, comprising the residues of the following: (a) 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD); (b) DMPA; (c) optionally, a polyhydroxyl compound other than TMCD and DMPA; and (d) a polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof; wherein said curable polyester has an acid number from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from 20 to about 120 mgKOH/g.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a curable polyester composition or formulation comprising at least one polyester which comprises:
• (a) residues of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 95 mole percent or from about 10 to about 40 mole percent;
  (b) residues of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid in an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 30 mole percent,
  (c) optionally, residues of at least one additional polyhydroxyl component in an amount in the range of from 0 to 65 mole percent or from 0.01 to 65 mole percent,
  (d) residues of at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof, wherein the total moles of glycols in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and the total number of acids in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and wherein said polyester has an acid number in the range of from about 10 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 20 to about 120 mg KOH/g.
• In one embodiment, there is provided a coating composition or coating formulation comprising:
• (a) at least one polyester comprising residues of—
• • (i) at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;
  • (ii) 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; and
  • (iii) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and
    (b) at least one crosslinking agent and/or at least one neutralizing agent, or combinations of thereof,
    wherein, if present, said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of amino resins, phenolic resins, isocyanate resins, epoxy resins, blocked isocyanate resins, β-hydroxy alkylamides, and epoxidized phenolic resins.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 99 mole percent or about 1 to about 95 mole percent or about 5 to about 95 mole percent or about 10 to about 95 mole percent or about 15 to about 95 mole percent or about 20 to about 95 mole percent or about 25 to about 95 mole percent or about 30 to about 95 mole percent or about 35 to about 95 mole percent or about 40 to about 95 mole percent or about 45 to about 95 mole percent or about 50 to about 95 mole percent or about 55 to about 95 mole percent or about 60 to about 95 mole percent or about 65 to about 95 mole percent or about 70 to about 95 mole percent or about 75 to about 95 mole percent or about 80 to about 95 mole percent or about 85 to about 95 mole percent, or about 90 to about 95 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 90 mole percent or about 5 to about 90 mole percent or about 10 to about 90 mole percent or about 15 to about 90 mole percent or about 20 to about 90 mole percent or about 25 to about 90 mole percent or about 30 to about 90 mole percent or about 35 to about 90 mole percent or about 40 to about 90 mole percent or about 45 to about 90 mole percent or about 50 to about 90 mole percent or about 55 to about 90 mole percent or about 60 to about 90 mole percent or about 65 to about 90 mole percent or about 70 to about 90 mole percent or about 75 to about 90 mole percent or about 80 to about 90 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 85 mole percent or about 5 to about 85 mole percent or about 10 to about 85 mole percent or about 15 to about 85 mole percent or about 20 to about 85 mole percent or about 25 to about 85 mole percent or about 30 to about 85 mole percent or about 35 to about 85 mole percent or about 40 to about 85 mole percent or about 45 to about 85 mole percent or about or about 50 to about 85 mole percent or about 55 to about 85 mole percent or about 60 to about 85 mole percent or about 65 to about 85 mole percent or about 70 to about 85 mole percent or about 75 to about 85 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 80 mole percent or about 5 to about 80 mole percent or about 10 to about 80 mole percent or about 15 to about 80 mole percent or about 20 to about 80 mole percent or about 25 to about 80 mole percent or about 30 to about 80 mole percent or about 35 to about 80 mole percent or about 40 to about 80 mole percent or about 45 to about 80 mole percent or about 50 to about 80 mole percent or about 55 to about 80 mole percent or about 60 to about 80 mole percent or about 65 to about 80 mole percent or about 70 to about 80 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 75 mole percent or about 5 to about 75 mole percent or about 10 to about 75 mole percent or about 15 to about 75 mole percent or about 20 to about 75 mole percent or about 25 to about 75 mole percent or about 30 to about 75 mole percent or about 35 to about 75 mole percent or about 40 to about 75 mole percent or about 45 to about 75 mole percent or about 50 to about 75 mole percent or about 55 to about 75 mole percent or about 60 to about 75 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 70 mole percent or about 5 to about 70 mole percent or about 10 to about 70 mole percent or about 15 to about 70 mole percent or about 20 to about 70 mole percent or about 25 to about 70 mole percent or about 30 to about 70 mole percent or about 35 to about 70 mole percent or about 40 to about 70 mole percent or about 45 to about 70 mole percent or about 50 to about 70 mole percent or about 55 to about 70 mole percent or about 60 to about 70 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 65 mole percent or about 5 to about 65 mole percent or about 10 to about 65 mole percent or about 15 to about 65 mole percent or about 20 to about 65 mole percent or about 25 to about 65 mole percent or about 30 to about 65 mole percent or about 35 to about 65 mole percent or about 40 to about 65 mole percent or about 45 to about 65 mole percent or about 50 to about 65 mole percent or about 55 to about 65 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 60 mole percent or about 5 to about 60 mole percent or about 10 to about 60 mole percent or about 15 to about 60 mole percent or about 20 to about 60 mole percent or about 25 to about 60 mole percent or about 30 to about 60 mole percent or about 35 to about 60 mole percent or about 40 to about 60 mole percent or about 45 to about 60 mole percent or about 50 to about 60 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 55 mole percent or about 5 to about 55 mole percent or about 10 to about 55 mole percent or about 15 to about 55 mole percent or about 20 to about 55 mole percent or about 25 to about 55 mole percent or about 30 to about 55 mole percent or about 35 to about 55 mole percent or about 40 to about 55 mole percent or about 45 to about 55 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 45 mole percent or about 5 to about 45 mole percent or about 10 to about 45 mole percent or about 15 to about 45 mole percent or about 20 to about 45 mole percent or about 25 to about 45 mole percent or about 30 to about 45 mole percent or about 35 to about 45 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 40 mole percent or about 5 to about 40 mole percent or about 10 to about 40 mole percent or about 15 to about 40 mole percent or about 20 to about 40 mole percent or about 25 to about 40 mole percent or about 30 to about 40 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 35 mole percent or about 5 to about 35 mole percent or about 10 to about 35 mole percent or about 15 to about 35 mole percent or about 20 to about 35 mole percent or about 25 to about 35 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 30 mole percent or about 5 to about 30 mole percent or about 10 to about 30 mole percent or about 15 to about 30 mole percent or about 20 to about 30 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 25 mole percent about 5 to about 25 mole percent or about 10 to about 25 mole percent or about 15 to about 25 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 20 mole percent or about 5 to about 20 mole percent or about 10 to about 20 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 15 mole percent or about 5 to about 15 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain residues of at least one cyclobutanediol and in one embodiment, of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and in another embodiment, of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 10 mole percent or about 5 to about 10 mole percent or about 1 to about 5 mole percent, based on the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equaling 100 mole percent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can optionally contain at least one additional polyhydroxyl component in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 99 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 95 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 90 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 85 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 80 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 75 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 70 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 65 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 60 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 55 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 50 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 45 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 40 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 35 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 30 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 25 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 20 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 15 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 10 mole percent, or from 0.01 to 5 mole percent, from 1 to 99 mole percent, or from 1 to 95 mole percent, or from 1 to 90 mole percent, or from 1 to 85 mole percent, or from 1 to 80 mole percent, or from 1 to 75 mole percent, or from 1 to 70 mole percent, or from 1 to 65 mole percent, or from 1 to 60 mole percent, or from 1 to 55 mole percent, or from 1 to 50 mole percent, or from 1 to 45 mole percent, or from 1 to 40 mole percent, or from 1 to 35 mole percent, or from 1 to 30 mole percent, or from 1 to 25 mole percent, or from 1 to 20 mole percent, or from 1 to 15 mole percent, or from 1 to 10 mole percent, or from 1 to 5 mole percent or from 5 to 95 mole percent, or from 5 to 90 mole percent, or from 5 to 85 mole percent, or from 5 to 80 mole percent, or from 5 to 75 mole percent, or from 5 to 70 mole percent, or from 5 to 65 mole percent, or from 5 to 60 mole percent, or from 5 to 55 mole percent, or from 5 to 50 mole percent, or from 5 to 45 mole percent, or from 5 to 40 mole percent, or from 5 to 35 mole percent, or from 5 to 30 mole percent, or from 5 to 25 mole percent, or from 5 to 20 mole percent, or from 5 to 15 mole percent, or from 5 to 10 mole percent, or from 10 to 95 mole percent, or from 10 to 90 mole percent, or from 10 to 85 mole percent, or from 10 to 80 mole percent, or from 10 to 75 mole percent, or from 10 to 70 mole percent, or from 10 to 65 mole percent, or from 10 to 60 mole percent, or from 10 to 55 mole percent, or from 10 to 50 mole percent, or from 10 to 45 mole percent, or from 10 to 40 mole percent, or from 10 to 35 mole percent, or from 10 to 30 mole percent, or from 10 to 25 mole percent, or from 10 to 20 mole percent, or from 10 to 15 mole percent, wherein the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and the total mole percentage of acids in the polyester equal 100 mole %.
• In one embodiment, any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can optionally contain at least one additional polyhydroxyl component in an amount in the range of from 1 to 60 mole percent or from 1 to 50 mole percent, wherein the total mole percentage of glycols in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and the total mole percentage of acids in the polyester equal 100 mole %.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain at least one polyhydroxyl component which can be selected from 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol), 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-isobutyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,4-benzenedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,1,1-trimethylol propane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, erythritol, threitol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, or combinations thereof.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain an acid number in the range of from about 10 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 0.10 to about 200 mg KOH/g.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain an acid number in the range of from about 10 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 5 to about 200 mg KOH/g.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain an acid number in the range of from about 15 to about 200 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 20 to about 100 mg KOH/g.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain an acid number in the range of from about 5 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 20 to about 100 mg KOH/g.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain an acid number in the range of from about 5 to about 75 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 20 to about 100 mg KOH/g.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain an acid number in the range of from about 5 to about 50 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 20 to about 100 mg KOH/g.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain a crosslinking agent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of amino resins, phenolic resins, isocyanate resins, epoxy resins, blocked isocyanate resins, β-hydroxy alkylamides, and epoxidized phenolic resins.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can have a number average molecular weight of from 500 to 10,000 or 500 to 9500 or 500 to 9000 or 500 to 8500 or 500 to 8000 or 500 to 7500 or 500 to 7000 or 500 to 6500 or 500 to 6000 or 500 to 5500 or 500 to 5000 or 500 to 4500 or 500 to 4000 or 500 to 3500 or 500 to 3000 or 500 to 2500 or 500 to 2000 or 500 to 1500 or 500 to 1000 or 750 to 10,000 or 750 to 9500 or 750 to 9000 or 750 to 8500 or 750 to 8000 or 750 to 7500 or 750 to 7000 or 750 to 6500 or 750 to 6000 or 750 to 5500 or 750 to 5000 or 750 to 4500 or 750 to 4000 or 750 to 3500 or 750 to 3000 or 750 to 2500 or 750 to 2000 or 750 to 1500 or 750 to 1000 or 1000 to 10,000 or 1000 to 9500 or 1000 to 9000 or 1000 to 8500 or 1000 to 8000 or 1000 to 7500 or 1000 to 7000 or 1000 to 6500 or 1000 to 6000 or 1000 to 5500 or 1000 to 5000 or 1000 to 4500 or 1000 to 4000 or 1000 to 3500 or 1000 to 3000 or 1000 to 2500 or 1000 to 2000 or 1000 to 1500.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can exclude sulfoisophthalic acid.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain an organic cosolvent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can contain a neutralizing agent.
• Any of the polyesters in the compositions described herein can be curable.
• Any of the compositions described herein can be used in any one or more of coating compositions, paints, inks, or composites.
• Any of the compositions described herein can be a waterborne coating composition.
• Any of the compositions described herein can be a water-dispersible coating composition.
• Any of the compositions described herein can be a water-dispersion.
• Any of the compositions described herein can be a coating formulation.
• Any of the compositions described herein can be a powder coating composition.
• Any of the compositions described herein can be a solventborne coating composition.
• The polyester composition of the invention can comprise a 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol compound. Such a compound can be represented by the general structure:
• 
• wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 each independently represent an alkyl radical, for example, a lower alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The alkyl radicals may be linear, branched, or a combination of linear and branched alkyl radicals.
• The alkyl radicals R1, R2, R3, and R4 on the 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-dione may each independently have 1 to 8 carbon atoms. 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diones that are suitably reduced to the corresponding diols include, but are not limited to, 2,2,4,4,-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,2,4,4-tetraethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-propylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-butylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-pentylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-hexylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-heptylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-octylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) dimethyl-4,4-diethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-diethyl-cyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-di-n-propylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,4-di-n-butyl-2,4-diethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-diisobutylcyclobutane-1,3-dione, and 2,4-diethyl-2,4-diisoamylcyclobutane-1,3-dione.
• The corresponding 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diols that may be used as the TACD compound include 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,2,4,4-tetraethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-propylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-butylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-pentylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-hexylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-heptylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,2,4,4-tetra-n-octylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) dimethyl-4,4-diethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2-ethyl-2,4,4-trimethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-diethyl-cyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-di-n-propylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,4-di-n-butyl-2,4-diethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-diisobutylcyclobutane-1,3-diol, and 2,4-diethyl-2,4-diisoamylcyclobutane-1,3-diol. In one embodiment, the TACD compound comprises 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol.
• The alkyl radicals R1, R2, R3, and R4 on the 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol may each independently have 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. In another embodiment, the alkyl radicals R1, R2, R3, and R4 on the 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol may each have 1 carbon atom.
• Suitable additional polyhydroxyl compounds include compounds having at least two hydroxyl groups and are compounds other than TACD. Examples of such compounds include 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol), 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-isobutyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,4-benzenedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,1,1-trimethylol propane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, erythritol, threitol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, and the like.
• In one embodiment, the polyhydroxyl compound comprises 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol), 1,2 cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,1,1-trimethylol propane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, glycerin, and pentaerythritol. In another embodiment, the polyhydroxy compound is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol or NPG), 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4 cyclohexanedimethanol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,1,1-trimethylol propane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, glycerin, and pentaerythritol. In one embodiment, the polyhydroxyl compound can be 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, neopentyl glycol, or 1,1,1-trimethylol propane or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the polyhydroxyl compound can be neopentyl glycol.
• Suitable polycarboxylic acid compounds (d) include compounds having at least two carboxylic acid groups. In one aspect, the polycarboxylic acid compound comprises a dicarboxylic acid compound having two carboxylic acid groups, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof, capable of forming an ester linkage with a polyhydroxyl component. For example, a polyester can be synthesized by using a polyhydroxyl compound and a derivative of a dicarboxylic acid such as, for example, dimethyl ester or other dialkyl esters of the diacid, or diacid chloride or other diacid halides, or acid anhydride. In another aspect, the polycarboxylic acid compound comprises a tricarboxylic acid or anhydride, for example, trimellitic acid and trimellitic anhydride.
• Examples of dicarboxylic acids that may be used include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, alicyclic dicarboxylic acids, aromatic dicarboxylic acids, derivatives of each, or mixtures of two or more of these acids. Thus, suitable dicarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, isophthalic acid (or dimethyl isophthalate), terephthalic acid (or dimethyl terephthalate), phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, dodecanedioic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, succinic anhydride, succinic acid, adipic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, glutaric acid, itatonic acid, and their derivatives, diglycolic acid; 2,5-norbornanedicarboxylic acid; 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; diphenic acid; 4,4′-oxydibenzoic acid; 4,4′-sulfonyidibenzoic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• Preferably, the polycarboxylic acid compound (d) comprises isophthalic acid (or dimethyl isophthalate), terephthalic acid (or dimethyl terephthalate), phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, succinic anhydride, and succinic acid. Most preferably, the polycarboxylic acid compound (d) is selected from the group consisting of isophthalic acid (or dimethyl isophthalate), terephthalic acid (or dimethyl terephthalate), phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and succinic anhydride.
• The polyesters useful in this invention can have an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 110 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 120 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 130 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 140 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 150 to about 200 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 110 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 120 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 130 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 140 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 150 to about 190 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 110 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 120 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 130 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 140 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 150 to about 180 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 110 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 120 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 130 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 140 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 150 to about 170 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 110 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 120 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 130 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 140 to about 160 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 110 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 120 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 130 to about 150 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 110 to about 140 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 110 to about 130 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 120 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 90 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 100 to about 110 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 80 to about 100 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 70 to about 90 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 80 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 80 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 60 to about 70 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 50 to about 60 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 40 to about 50 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 40 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 40 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 40 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 40 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 40 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 40 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 25 to about 40 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 30 to about 40 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 30 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 30 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 30 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 30 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 15 to about 30 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 20 to about 30 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 20 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 20 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 5 to about 20 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 10 to about 20 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 0.10 to about 10 mgKOH/g; or an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from about 1 to about 10 mgKOH/g. In some embodiments, all the above described ranges for hydroxyl numbers can be combined with ranges for the acid number as follows: 10 to 90 or 10 to 80 or 10 to 60 or 10 to 50 or 10 to 45 or 10 to 40 or 10 to 35 or 10 to 30 or 10 to 25 or 10 to 20 or 15 to 90 or 15 to 80 or 15 to 60 or 15 to 50 or 15 to 45 or 15 to 40 or 15 to 35 or 15 to 30 or 15 to 25 or 20 to 90 or 20 to 80 or 20 to 60 or 20 to 50 or 20 to 45 or 20 to 40 or 20 to 35 or 20 to 30 or 25 to 90 or 25 to 80 or 25 to 60 or 25 to 50 or 25 to 45 or 25 to 40 or 25 to 35 or 30 to 90 or 30 to 80 or 30 to 60 or 30 to 50 or 30 to 45 or 30 to 40 or 35 to 90 or 35 to 80 or 35 to 60 or 35 to 50 or 35 to 45 or 40 to 90 or 40 to 80 or 40 to 60 or 40 to 50 or 45 to 90 or 45 to 80 or 45 to 60 or 50 to 90 or 50 to 80 or 50 to 60 or 55 to 90 or 55 to 80 or 60 to 90 or 60 to 80 or 60 to 70 or 70 to 90 or 70 to 80 or 80 to 90.
• The acid number and hydroxyl number can vary depending on the application. For example, though the acid number for waterborne coatings is not intended to be limiting by the following, the acid number for waterborne coating applications can be about 10 to about 100 to impart sufficient water dispersibility after neutralization. Although not intended to be limiting, the acid number for solvent-based coating application can be about 20 to about 50 for better solubility and lower solution viscosity. Although not intending to be limiting, the hydroxyl number can be about 40 to about 100 for crosslinking with hydroxyl-active crosslinkers such as, for example, amino resin (or aminoplast) and isocyanate resin. Although not intending to be limiting, for dual crosslinking systems, for example, a coating formulation containing both amino and epoxy crosslinkers, the hydroxyl number can be 20 to 80 or 30 to 80 or 30 to 75 and acid number can be 10 to 50 or 20 to 50.
• The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the curable polyester of the present invention can be from −50° C. to 150° C., from −50° C. to 135° C., from −50° C. to 120° C., from 10° C. to 110° C., from 20° C. to 105° C., from 30° C. to 100° C., from 40° C. to 95° C., or from 50° C. to 90° C.
• The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyester of the present invention may be from 1,000 to 100,000; or from 1,000 to 50,000 or from 1,000 to 45,000 or from 1,000 to 40,000 or from 1,000 to 35,000 or from 1,000 to 30,000; or from 1000 to 20,000; or from 1000 to 15,000 or from 1,000 to 10,000 or from 2,000 to 100,000; or from 2,000 to 50,000 or from 2,000 to 45,000 or from 2,000 to 40,000 or from 2,000 to 35,000 or from 2,000 to 30,000; or from 2000 to 20,000; or from 2000 to 15,000 or from 2,000 to 10,000; or from 3,000 to 100,000; or from 3,000 to 50,000 or from 3,000 to 45,000 or from 3,000 to 40,000 or from 3,000 to 35,000 or from 3,000 to 30,000; or from 3000 to 20,000; or from 3000 to 15,000 or from 3,000 to 10,000 or from 4,000 to 100,000; or from 4,000 to 50,000 or from 4,000 to 45,000 or from 4,000 to 40,000 or from 4,000 to 35,000 or from 4,000 to 30,000; or from 4000 to 20,000; or from 4000 to 15,000 or from 4,000 to 10,000 g/mole or from 5,000 to 100,000; or from 5,000 to 50,000 or from 5,000 to 45,000 or from 5,000 to 40,000 or from 5,000 to 35,000 or from 5,000 to 30,000; or from 5000 to 20,000; or from 5000 to 15,000 or from 5,000 to 10,000 g/mole.
• The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyester of the present invention may be from 1,000 to 15,000 or from 1,000 to 10,000; or from 1,000 to 9,000; or from 1,000 to 8,000; or from 1,000 to 7,000; or from 1000 to 6,000 or from 1,000 to 5,000; or from 1,500 to 4,500; or from 2,000 to 15,000 or from 2,000 to 10,000; or from 2,000 to 9,000; or from 2,000 to 8,000; or from 2,000 to 7,000; or from 2000 to 6,000 or from 2,000 to 5,000; or from 3,000 to 15,000; 3,000 to 10,000; or from 3,000 to 9,000; or from 3,000 to 8,000; or from 3,000 to 7,000; or from 3000 to 6,000 or from 3,000 to 5,000.
• In another embodiment, there is provided a curable polyester comprising the residues of
• • a) 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol (TACD) in an amount ranging from about 30 to 95 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) in an amount ranging from about 5 to 30 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • c) optionally, at least one polyhydroxyl compound other than TACD and DMPA in an amount ranging from about 0 to 65 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • d) at least one polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof,
    wherein said curable polyester has an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from 20 to about 120 mgKOH/g.
• In the above polyester, the polyhydroxyl compound (c) can be selected from the group consisting of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol (neopentyl glycol), 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,1,1-trimethylol propane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, and pentaerythritol; the polycarboxylic acid (d) is selected from the group consisting of isophthalic acid (or dimethyl isophthalate), terephthalic acid (or dimethyl terephthalate), 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and adipic acid.
• In one embodiment, the 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol (TACD) (a) comprises 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol (TMCD).
• In yet another embodiment, there is provided a curable polyester comprising the residues of
• • a) 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol (TACD) in an amount ranging from about 50 to 95 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • b) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) in an amount ranging from about 5 to 30 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • c) optionally, at least one polyhydroxyl compound other than TACD and DMPA in an amount ranging from about 0 to 45 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • d) at least one polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof,
    wherein said polyester has an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from 20 to about 120 mgKOH/g. In one embodiment, the polyester can be curable.
• In a further embodiment, there is provided a curable polyester comprising the residues of
• • 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol (TACD) in an amount ranging from about 70 to 90 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) in an amount ranging from about 10 to 30 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • c) optionally, at least one polyhydroxyl compound other than TACD and DMPA in an amount ranging from about 0 to 20 mole %, based on the total moles of (a), (b), and (c),
  • d) at least one polycarboxylic acid compound, a derivative of polycarboxylic acid compound, or a combination thereof,
  • wherein said curable polyester has an acid number ranging from about 10 to about 100 mgKOH/g and a hydroxyl number ranging from 20 to about 120 mgKOH/g.
• In another aspect, this invention provides a solvent-based coating composition, comprising,
• • (a) a polyester of the present invention,
  • b) at least one crosslinker selected from the group comprising amino resin, phenolic resin, isocyanate resin, β-hydroxy alkylamides, and epoxy resin, and
  • c) at least one organic solvent.
• Suitable organic solvents for the solvent-based coating composition include xylene, ketones (for example, methyl amyl ketone), 2-butoxyethanol, ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate, toluene, butanol, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and other volatile inert solvents typically used in industrial baking (i.e., thermosetting) enamels.
• In yet another aspect, this invention further provides an aqueous dispersion, comprising,
• • a) at least one polyester of the present invention,
  • b) at least one neutralizing agent, and
  • c) water.
• The neutralizing agent may be an amine or an inorganic base. Typical amines include ammonia, trimethylamine, diethylamine, monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, morpholine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine and the like.
• Typical inorganic bases include bases derived from alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as, for example, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and other basic metal compounds. Suitable bases from this first class of bases useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, alkali metal borate compounds and their hydrates, sodium phosphate, potassium biphosphate, and sodium pyrophosphate.
• The aqueous dispersion of this invention may further comprise an organic co-solvent. Suitable co-solvents include ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diacetone alcohol, and other water-miscible solvents.
• As a further aspect, this invention provides a waterborne coating composition, comprising
• the polyester of the present invention, which has an acid number from about 10 to about 100 mgkOH/g,
  b) at least one neutralizing agent,
  c) water, and
  d) at least one crosslinker selected from the group comprising amino resin, phenolic resin, isocyanate resin, β-hydroxy alkylamides and epoxy resin.
• In one embodiment, curable polyester resins can have a glass transition temperature (Tg) greater than about 50° C. are suitable for powder coating applications. The polyester of the present invention comprises TACD, which is capable of providing glass transition temperatures (Tgs) greater than 50° C.
• In a further embodiment, this invention provides a powder coating composition, comprising a polyester of the present invention, which has Tg greater than about 50° C. and a crosslinker selected from the group comprising amino resin, blocked isocyanate resin, phenolic resin, β-hydroxy alkylamides, epoxy resin, and epoxidized phenolic resin.
• The amino resin crosslinker (or cross-linking agent) can be a melamine-formaldehyde type cross-linking agent, i.e., a cross-linking agent having a plurality of —N(CH2OR3)2 functional groups, wherein R3 is C1-C4 alkyl, in one embodiment, methyl.
• The cross-linking agent may also be a modified melamine-formaldehyde type resin such as toluene sulfonamide modified melamine-formaldehyde resins, and the like.
• In general, the cross-linking agent may be selected from compounds of the following formulae, wherein R3 is independently C1-C4 alkyl:
• 
• In this regard, preferred cross-linking agents include hexamethoxymethylmelamine, tetramethoxymethylbenzo-guanamine, tetramethoxymethylurea, mixed butoxy/methoxy substituted melamines, and the like. The most preferred cross-linking agent is hexamethoxymethylmelamine. Alternatively, a toluene sulfonamide methylated melaminformaldehyde resin powder may be utilized as a cross-linking agent.
• This disclosure can include one or more crosslinking agents.
• The crosslinking agent may also be blocked or non-blocked isocyanate type. Examples of suitable isocyanate crosslinking agents include, but are not limited to, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, methylene bis (4-cyclohexyl isocyanate), isophorone diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, and Bayhydur® 302 (BAYER MaterialScience).
• The crosslinking agent may also be phenolic resin type. Examples of suitable phenolic crosslinking agents include the condensation products of phenols with aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Various phenols can be used such as phenol, cresol, p-alkylphenol, p-phenylphenol, and resorcinol. The phenolic resin may be resole or novolac type. Examples of suitable commercial phenolic resins include PHENODUR® PR 516/60B, PHENODUR® PR 371/70B, and PHENODUR® PR 612/80B available from Allnex; those with DUREZ® or VARCUM® trade names available from Durex Corp.; and those with Bakelite® trade name available from MOMENTIVE.
• The crosslinking agent many also be epoxidized phenolic resin type. An example is the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and phenol-formaldehyde novolac such as D.E.N.-431, -438, -439, or D.E.R. 354 available from Dow Chemical Company.
• In the case of thermosetting powder coating compositions, cross-linking agents can include cross-linking compounds with epoxy groups such as triglycidyl isocyanurate. Certain epoxy functional compounds generally have a molecular weight of about 300 to about 4000, and have approximately 0.05 to about 0.99 epoxy groups per 100 g of resin (i.e., 100-2000 weight per epoxy (WPE)). Such resins are widely known and are commercially-available under EPON™ trade name available from MOMENTIVE.
• In another aspect, this invention further provides a coating composition further comprising one or more cross-linking catalysts. Examples of such catalysts include p-toluenesulfonic acid, the NACURE™ 155, 5076, and 1051 catalysts sold by King Industries, BYK 450, 470, available from BYK-Chemie U.S.A., methyl tolyl sulfonimide, and the like.
• The polydispersity index (PDI) or heterogeneity index as used in this disclosure is a measure of the distribution of molecular mass in a given polymer sample. The PDI calculated herein is the weight average molecular weight (Mw) divided by the number average molecular weight (Mn). In one embodiment of the disclosure, the PDI can include but not be limited to one of the following ranges: 5 or less; or 4 or less; or 3 or less; or from 1 to 5; or from 1 to 4.5; or from 1 to 4; or from 1 to 3.5; or from 1 to 3; or from 1 to 2.5; or from 1 to 2; or from 2 to 5; or from 2 to 4; or from 2 to 3; from 3 to 5; or from 3 to 4; or from 2.5 to 5; or from 2.5 to 4.5; or from 2.5 to 4; or from 2.5 to 3.5.
• As a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coating composition as described above, further comprising one or more leveling, rheology, and flow control agents such as silicones, fluorocarbons or cellulosics; flatting agents; pigment wetting and dispersing agents; surfactants; ultraviolet (UV) absorbers; UV light stabilizers; tinting pigments; defoaming and antifoaming agents; anti-settling, anti-sag and bodying agents; anti-skinning agents; anti-flooding and anti-floating agents; fungicides and mildewicides; antioxidants, fillers, corrosion inhibitors; thickening agents; or coalescing agents.
• Specific examples of such additives can be found in Raw Materials Index, published by the National Paint & Coatings Association, 1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
• Examples of antioxidants that can be useful in the invention include but are not limited to phosphorus compounds including phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphonous acid, and various esters and salts thereof. The esters can be alkyl, branched alkyl, substituted alkyl, difunctional alkyl, alkyl ethers, aryl, and substituted aryl. In one embodiment, the number of ester groups present in the particular phosphorous compound can vary from zero up to the maximum allowable based on the number of hydroxyl groups present on the phosphorus compound used. Examples of such phosphorus compounds include but are not limited to substituted or unsubstituted alkyl phosphate esters, substituted or unsubstituted aryl phosphate esters, substituted or unsubstituted mixed alkyl aryl phosphate esters, phosphites, diphosphites, aryl phosphites, alkyl phosphites, salts of phosphoric acid, phosphine oxides, and mixed aryl alkyl phosphites, reaction products thereof, and mixtures thereof.
• This polyester can be useful in several areas including but not limited to thermoplastic polyester applications, composites, curable polyester applications, such as coating compositions including but not limited to waterborne coatings, water-dispersible coatings, solvent-borne coatings, powder coatings, paints and inks.
• The following examples are given to illustrate the invention and to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the specific conditions or details described in these examples. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art.
EXAMPLES
• The following examples further illustrate how the compositions of the invention can be made and evaluated, and are intended to be purely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Unless indicated otherwise, parts are parts by weight, temperature is in degrees Celsius or is at room temperature, and pressure is at or near atmospheric.
• For the purposes of this invention, the term “wt” means “weight”. Mw refers to weight average molecular weight and Mn refers to number average molecular weight.
• The inherent viscosity (I.V.) of the polyesters was determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.
• Unless stated otherwise, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined using a TA DSC 2920 instrument from Thermal Analyst Instruments at a scan rate of 20 C/min according to ASTM D3418. The sample being measured should have been heated above its melting point and quenched prior to the scan.
• The glycol content and the cis/trans ratio of polyester compositions used in herein were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL Eclipse Plus 600 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer using either chloroform-trifluoroacetic acid (70-30 volume/volume) for polymers or, for oligomeric samples, 60/40(wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane with deuterated chloroform added for lock. Peak assignments for 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) resonances were made by comparison to model mono- and dibenzoate esters of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol. These model compounds closely approximate the resonance positions found in the polymers and oligomers.
• The polydispersity index (PDI) or heterogeneity index as used in these examples is a measure of the distribution of molecular mass in a given polymer sample. The PDI calculated herein is the weight average molecular weight Mw) divided by th number average molecular weight (Mn)).
• Abbreviations used herein are included in the following Table:

• 	TACD	2,2,4,4-Tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol
  	DMPA	2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)
  		dimethylolpropionic acid
  	TMCD	2,2,4,4-Tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol
  	DMEA	dimethylethanolamine
  	Tg	Glass transition temperature
  	DLS	Dynamic light scattering
  	IPA	Isophthalic acid
  	CHDA	Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid
  	CHDM	1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol
  	NPG	Neopentyl glycol
  	Mn	Number average molecular weight
  	Mw	Weight average molecular weight
  	PDI	The polydispersity index (PDI)

Example 1Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester A
• The reactants: TMCD (34.61 g, 0.24 moles), DMPA (8.05 g, 0.06 moles), CHDA (30.13 g, 0.175 moles), adipic acid (10.96 g, 0.075 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.36 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.08 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 42° C.; Mn 4035; Mw 14786; PDI=3.66; acid number 31; hydroxyl number 36)
Example 2Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester B
• The reactants: TMCD (36.77 g, 0.255 moles), DMPA (6.04 g, 0.045 moles), CHDA (30.12 g, 0.175 moles), adipic acid (10.96 g, 0.075 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.36 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.08 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 40° C.; Mn 3632; Mw 10732; PDI=2.855; acid number 24; hydroxyl number 40)
Example 3Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester C
• The reactants: TMCD (38.94 g, 0.27 moles), DMPA (4.02 g, 0.03 moles), CHDA (30.12 g, 0.175 moles), adipic acid (10.96 g, 0.075 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.36 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.08 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 34° C.; Mn 2765; Mw 6524; PDI=2.35; acid number 21; hydroxyl number 49)
Example 4Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester D
• The reactants: TMCD (41.1 g, 0.2850 moles), DMPA (2.01 g, 0.015 moles), CHDA (30.12 g, 0.175 moles), adipic acid (10.96 g, 0.075 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.36 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.08 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 34° C.; Mn 2382; Mw 5603; PDI=2.35; acid number 13; hydroxyl number 49)
Example 5Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester E
• The reactants: TMCD (93.45 g, 0.648 moles), DMPA (9.66 g, 0.072 moles), adipic acid (87.68 g, 0.6 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.83 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.191 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled using dry ice to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg −14° C.; Mn 3344; Mw 9066; PDI=2.71; acid number 15; hydroxyl number 49)
Example 6Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester F
• The reactants: TMCD (76.14 g, 0.528 moles), DMPA (17.71 g, 0.132 moles), CHDA (103.31 g, 0.6 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.858 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.197 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 75° C.; Mn 3247; Mw 14061; PDI=4.33; acid number 46; hydroxyl number 21)
Example 7Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester G
• The reactants: TMCD (85.66 g, 0.594 moles), DMPA (8.85 g, 0.066 moles), CHDA (51.65 g, 0.3 moles), adipic acid (43.84 g, 0.3 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.827 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.190 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 22° C.; Mn 3507; Mw 9090; PDI=2.59; acid number 30; hydroxyl number 27)
Example 8Preparation of Aqueous Dispersion 1
• DMPA-containing polyester G was first ground to about 6 mm pellets, which were used to prepare a 41 wt % solids dispersion in a Parr reactor. The resin pellets (50 g) were added to the reaction vessel with distilled water (75.4 g) and DMEA (1.55 grams) as the neutralizing agent. The amount of DMEA added (65% of complete neutralization) was calculated from the acid number of the resin. The Parr reactor was assembled and the contents heated to 85° C. under rapid stirring. The stirring continued at 85° C. for 60 min., then the reaction vessel was cooled to 40° C. before the resulting dispersion was poured out through a standard 260 micron paint filter. The resultant translucent, homogenous dispersion was analyzed for particle size using a DLS instrument (mean particle size about 25 nm). After 8 months storage at room temperature, this dispersion remained a free flowing dispersion and displayed no significant changes in particle size or resin molecular weight. This demonstrates the dispersion's stability.
Example 9Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester H
• The reactants: TMCD (88.98 g, 0.617 moles), DMPA (13.81 g, 0.103 moles), CHDA (77.48 g, 0.45 moles), adipic acid (21.92 g, 0.15 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.88 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.202 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 42° C.; Mn 3035; Mw 8436; PDI=2.77; acid number 29; hydroxyl number 42)
Example 10Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester I with NPG—without TMCD
• The reactants: NPG (22.91 g, 0.22 moles), DMPA (7.38 g, 0.055 moles), CHDA (30.13 g, 0.175 moles), adipic acid (10.96 g, 0.075 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.31 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.07 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 50 min., at 210° C. for 50 min., 230° C. for 50 min., 240° C. for 50 min., 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 10 min. After this application of vacuum, the reaction mixture gelled rapidly, forming an unusable product.
Example 11Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester J with NPG—without TMCD
• The reactants: NPG (59.99 g, 0.576 moles), DMPA (19.31 g, 0.144 moles), CHDA (103.31 g, 0.6 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.79 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.18 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 75 min., at 200° C. for 110 min., 200° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 200° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 25 min., 200° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 55 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled using dry ice to form a solid which was collected for analysis. TMCD permits the synthesis of resins with higher Tg, as in Example 6. (Tg 20° C.; Mn 1721; Mw 10557; PDI=6.13; acid number 39; hydroxyl number 49). This reaction required careful control to prevent gelation, and resulted in a higher PDI with lower Mn than TMCD analogues. The tendency for gelation with reactive diols such as NPG increases the difficulty of targeting key properties such as molecular weight, acid number, and hydroxyl number, and limits the maximum obtainable values.
Example 12Preparation of Aqueous Dispersion 2
• DMPA-containing polyester with NPG (polyester J)—without TMCD was first ground to about 6 mm pellets, which were used to prepare a 41 wt % solids dispersion in a Parr reactor. The resin pellets (40 g) were added to the reaction vessel with distilled water (61.13 g) and DMEA (1.61 grams) as the neutralizing agent. The amount of DMEA added (65% of complete neutralization) was calculated from the acid number of the resin. The Parr reactor was assembled and the contents heated to 85° C. under rapid stirring. The stirring continued at 85° C. for 60 min., then the reaction vessel was cooled to 40° C. before the resulting dispersion was poured out through a standard 260 micron paint filter. The resultant translucent, homogenous dispersion was analyzed for particle size using a DLS instrument (mean particle size about 20 nm). After 3 months storage at room temperature, this dispersion had begun to form solid, non-dispersed material, and large sized particles (larger than 1 micron) were observed in DLS. Both of these demonstrate the dispersion's instability.
Example 13Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester K with CHDM—without TMCD
• The reactants: CHDM (74.7 g, 0.518 moles), DMPA (19.31 g, 0.144 moles), CHDA (103.31 g, 0.6 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.79 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.18 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 190° C. for 75 min., at 200° C. for 110 min., 200° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 200° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 25 min., 200° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 10 min. After this, the reaction mixture gelled rapidly, forming an unusable product.
Example 14Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester L with CHDM—without TMCD
• The reactants: CHDM (83.06 g, 0.576 moles), DMPA (19.31 g, 0.144 moles), CHDA (103.31 g, 0.6 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.89 g), and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.21 g), were charged to a 500-mL round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 180° C. for 75 min., at 190° C. for 110 min., 190° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 20 min., 190° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 25 min., 190° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 30 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled using dry ice to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 32° C.; Mn 2717; Mw 9585; PDI=3.52; acid number 29; hydroxyl number 60). This reaction required careful control to prevent gelation. The tendency for gelation with reactive diols such as CHDM increases the difficulty of targeting key properties such as molecular weight, acid number, and hydroxyl number, and limits the maximum obtainable values. TMCD permits the synthesis of resins with higher Tg, as in example 6.
Example 15Preparation of Aqueous Dispersion 3
• DMPA-containing polyester DMPA-containing polyester (polyester L) with CHDM—without TMCD was first ground to about 6 mm pellets, which were used to prepare a 41 wt % solids dispersion in a Parr reactor. The resin pellets (40 g) were added to the reaction vessel with distilled water (60.41 g) and DMEA (1.88 grams) as the neutralizing agent. The amount of DMEA added (95% of complete neutralization) was calculated from the acid number of the resin. The Parr reactor was assembled and the contents heated to 85° C. under rapid stirring. The stirring continued at 85° C. for 60 min., then the reaction vessel was cooled to 40° C. before the resulting dispersion was poured out through a standard 260 micron paint filter. The resultant opaque, homogenous dispersion was analyzed for particle size using a DLS instrument (mean particle size about 300 nm). This dispersion resulted in a larger mean particle size than TMCD analogues with similar acid numbers (as in example 8). Larger particle sizes may not be useful for certain applications, and smaller particle sizes indicate increased dispersibility. After 9 months storage at room temperature, this dispersion had begun to form solid, non-dispersed material, and large sized particles (larger than 1 micron) were observed in DLS. Both of these demonstrate the dispersion's instability.
Example 16Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester M
• The reactants: TMCD (83.06 g, 0.576 moles), isophthalic acid (99.68 g, 0.6 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.88 g) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.20 g), were charged to a 500-mL two-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen ramping from 180° C. to 230° C. over the course of 300 min., then ramped from 230° C. to 235° C. over the course of 90 min. At this point the reaction mixture was clear and homogenous, and DMPA (19.31 g, 0.144 moles) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was then reacted ramping from 235° C. to 240° C. over the course of 90 min., then reacted at 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 10 min., 240° C. under 5 torr vacuum for 15 min., and 240° C. under 1 torr vacuum for 25 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 110° C.; Mn 2473; PDI=10.6; Mw 26222; acid number 42; hydroxyl number 30). The total reaction time for this Example 16 was 515 minutes and the highest reaction temperature used was 240 degrees C. The total reaction time in Example 1 [which employs the use of adipic acid and CHDA instead of isophthalic acid (the later as used in this Example 16)] was 225 minutes and the highest reaction temperature used was 240 degree C. although the overall temperatures were cooler than those employed in Example 16. The total reaction time in Example 19 (which also exemplified isophthalic acid] was 240 minutes at overall cooler temperatures than in Example 16. Example 19 was run after Example 16 for the purpose of analyzing whether a polyester could be made by using less strenuous conditions without gelling of the polyester. However, in Example 18, essentially the same reaction as in Example 16 was run using neopentyl glycol instead of TMCD at the same conditions and it gelled. This shows that the use of TMCD in an isophthalic acid containing polyester, whether or not using enhanced conditions, provides the advantage of being able to make a viable polyester even under harsh conditions whereas substituting neopentyl glycol caused gelling of the polyester.
Example 17Preparation of Aqueous Dispersion 4
• DMPA-containing polyester M was first ground to about 6 mm pellets, which were used to prepare a 30 wt % solids dispersion in a Parr reactor. The resin pellets (50 g) were added to the reaction vessel with distilled water (115.65 g), EB (8.8 g as co-solvent), and DMEA (3.21 grams) as the neutralizing agent. The amount of DMEA added (95% of complete neutralization) was calculated from the acid number of the resin. The Parr reactor was assembled and the contents heated to 110° C. under rapid stirring. The stirring continued at 110° C. for 60 min., then the reaction vessel was cooled to 40° C. before the resulting dispersion was poured out through a standard 260 micron paint filter. The resultant translucent, homogenous dispersion was analyzed for particle size using a DLS instrument (mean particle size about 35 nm). After 10 months storage at room temperature, this dispersion remained a free flowing dispersion and displayed no significant changes in particle size or resin molecular weight. This demonstrates the dispersion's stability.
Example 18Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester N
• The reactants: NPG (59.99 g, 0.576 moles), isophthalic acid (99.68 g, 0.6 moles), catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.88 g) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (0.20 g), were charged to a 500-mL two-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen ramping from 180° C. to 230° C. over the course of 300 min., then ramped from 230° C. to 235° C. over the course of 90 min. At this point the reaction mixture was clear and homogenous, and DMPA (19.31 g, 0.144 moles) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was then reacted ramping from 235° C. to 240° C. over the course of 90 min., then reacted at 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum for 10 min. During this 10 minutes at 240° C. under 100 torr vacuum, the reaction mixture gelled rapidly, forming an unusable product.
Example 19Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester O
• The reactants: TMCD (101.24 g, 0.702 moles), isophthalic acid (99.68 g, 0.6 moles), and catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.920 g) were charged to a 500-mL two-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 180° C. for 60 min., at 200° C. for 60 min., 220° C. for 120 min., and 230° C. for 60 min. At this point the reaction mixture was clear and homogenous, and DMPA (10.46 g, 0.078 moles) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was allowed to further react at 230° C. for 60 min and 240° C. for 120 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 88° C.; Mn 1945; Mw 4475; PDI=2.30; acid number 20; hydroxyl number 71).
Example 20Synthesis of DMPA-Containing Polyester P
• The reactants: TMCD (97.34 g, 0.675 moles), isophthalic acid (99.68 g, 0.6 moles), and catalyst Fascat 4102 (butyltin tris-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.901 g) were charged to a 500-mL two-necked round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, nitrogen inlet, and distillation arm with graduated cylinder to collect water. The reaction mixture was allowed to react under nitrogen at 180° C. for 60 min., at 200° C. for 60 min., 220° C. for 120 min., and 230° C. for 60 min. At this point the reaction mixture was clear and homogenous, and DMPA (10.06 g, 0.075 moles) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was allowed to further react at 230° C. for 60 min and 240° C. for 120 min. The product was a viscous mixture that was cooled to room temperature to form a solid which was collected for analysis. (Tg 97° C.; Mn 1907; Mw 4798; PDI=2.51; acid number 36; hydroxyl number 50)
• The invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments disclosed herein, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
• It will further be understood that any of the ranges, values, or characteristics given for any single component of the present disclosure can be used interchangeably with any ranges, values or characteristics given for any of the other components of the disclosure, where compatible, to form an embodiment having defined values for each of the components, as given herein throughout. Further, ranges provided for a genus or a category, can also be applied to species within the genus or members of the category, unless otherwise noted.

Claims (24)

1. A polyester for use in a coating composition comprising a residues of:

(a) at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol defined by the following formula:

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, and R₄are each independently a C₁to C₈alkyl radical, wherein each of said alkyl radicals is selected from the group consisting of a linear alkyl radical, a branched alkyl radical, and a linear and branched alkyl radical;

(b) at least one 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and

(c) at least one polycarboxylic acid, different from (b), and/or a derivative thereof.

2. (canceled)

3. (canceled)

4. The polyester ofclaim 1 wherein said 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol is 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol.

5. The polyester ofclaim 1 wherein said 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid is selected from at least one of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoic acid, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)pentanoic acid, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)hexanoic acid.

6. The polyester ofclaim 1 wherein said 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid is 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid.

7. The polyester ofclaim 1 wherein said 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol is 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutane-1,3-diol and said 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)alkylcarboxylic acid is 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid.

8. The polyester ofclaim 1 wherein at least one said polycarboxylic acid or derivative thereof (c) comprises naphthalenedicarboxylic, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, phthalic, terephthalic, isophthalic, fumaric, succinic, adipic, glutaric, azelaic, sebacic, resorcinol diacetic, diglycolic, 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic), biphenyldicarboxylic, 4,4′-methylenedibenzoic, trans-4,4′-stilbenedicarboxylic, or sulfoisophthalic acids.

9. The polyester ofclaim 1 further comprising at least one additional polyhydroxyl component.

10. The polyester ofclaim 9 wherein the polyester comprises at least one additional polyhydroxyl component in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 80 mole percent, based on the total moles of diols equaling 100 mole %.

11. The polyester ofclaim 10 wherein said at least one polyhydroxyl component is selected from 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-2-isobutyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,4-benzenedimethanol, hydrogenated bisphenol A, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1,1,1-trimethylol propane, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, erythritol, threitol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, or combinations thereof.

12. (canceled)

13. The polyester ofclaim 1 or7 wherein said polyester has an acid number in the range of from about 10 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 0.10 to about 200 mg KOH/g.

14. The polyester ofclaim 1 or7 wherein said polyester has an acid number in the range of from about 10 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 5 to about 200 mg KOH/g.

15. The polyester ofclaim 1 or7 further comprising a crosslinking agent.

16. The polyester ofclaim 15 wherein said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of amino resins, phenolic resins, isocyanate resins, epoxy resins, blocked isocyanate resins, β-hydroxy alkylamides, and epoxidized phenolic resins.

17. The polyester ofclaim 1 or7 having a number average molecular weight of from 500 to 15,000.

18. The polyester ofclaim 1 or7 having a number average molecular weight of from 750 to 7,500.

19. The polyester ofclaim 1 or7 having a number average molecular weight of from 1000 to 5000.

20. The polyester ofclaim 1 or7 further comprising an organic cosolvent.

21.-28. (canceled)

29. A polyester comprising:

(a) residues of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol in an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 95 mole percent;

(b) residues of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 50 mole percent;

(c) optionally, residues of at least one additional polyhydroxyl component in an amount in the range of from 0 to 65 mole percent, and

(d) residues of at least one polycarboxylic acid different than (b) and/or a derivative thereof,

wherein the total moles of diols in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and the total moles of acids in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and

wherein said polyester has an acid number in the range of from about 10 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 0.10 to about 200 mg KOH/g.

30. A polyester for use in a coating composition comprising:

(a) residues of at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 95 mole percent;

(b) residues of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid in an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 30 mole percent;

(c) optionally, residues of at least one additional polyhydroxyl component in an amount in the range of from 0 to 65 mole percent;

(d) residues of at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof,

wherein the total moles of diols in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and the total moles of acids in the polyester equal 100 mole %; and

wherein said polyester has an acid number in the range of from about 10 to about 100 mg KOH/g and a hydroxyl number in the range of from about 5 to about 200 mg KOH/g.

31. A coating composition comprising:

(a) at least one polyester comprising residues of—

(i) at least one 2,2,4,4-tetraalkylcyclobutane-1,3-diol;

(ii) 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)dimethylolpropionic acid; and

(iii) at least one polycarboxylic acid and/or a derivative thereof; and

(b) at least one crosslinking agent or at least one neutralizing agent, or combinations thereof;

wherein, if present, said crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of amino resins, phenolic resins, isocyanate resins, epoxy resins, blocked isocyanate resins, β-hydroxy alkylamides, and epoxidized phenolic resins and wherein if present said neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, trimethylamine, diethylamine, monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, morpholine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, alkali metal borate compounds and their hydrates, sodium phosphate, potassium biphosphate, and sodium pyrophosphate.