US20170079626A1 - Tissue specimen isolating and damaging device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

A device and method for treatment of a tissue specimen disposed in surrounding tissue has a tissue specimen isolating toot and a tissue specimen damager. The tissue specimen isolating tool isolates the tissue specimen from the surrounding tissue. The tissue specimen damager damages the tissue, with a possible end result being necrosis. The severing tool may have a cutting member that is extendable to an outwardly radially bowed position about device. The tissue specimen is isolated by rotating the cutting member about the tissue specimen. The cutting member may be functionally connected to a cutting member radio frequency generation source. The tissue specimen damager may damage the tissue specimen using ionizing radiation, cutting devices, thermal treatment devices, chemical treatment devices, or sealing an outer boundary of the tissue specimen.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/756,178, filed Jan. 13, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,357,801, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/884,349, filed Jun. 18, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,676,658, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/238,965, filed Jan. 27, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,659,105. All of the above applications are incorporated herein in their entirety and from which priority is claimed.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention
• This invention relates to treatment of tissue specimens and, more specifically, to the treatment of the tissue specimens in vivo.
• 2. Description of the Related Art
• The prior art discloses devices and methods of isolating a tissue specimen while it remains in surrounding tissue. The prior art also discloses devices and methods of ablating or otherwise damaging a non-isolated tissue specimen in vivo. However, the prior art does not disclose, suggest, nor motivate combining the two concepts into one method or device. Additionally, the prior art does not disclose any synergistic effects of combining the two concepts.
• It is disclosed in a paper entitled “The Loop Electrode: A New Device For US-guided Interstitial Tissue Ablation Using Radiofrequency Electrosurgery—An Animal Study,” T. Lorentzen et al., Min Invas Ther & Allied Technol 1996: 5:511-516, that a radiofrequency loop is used to perform interstitial tissue ablation. The device was inserted into calf livers and rotated to interstitially cut off lesions. The paper reviews minimally invasive tissue ablation techniques, such as intraoperative cryosurgery and percutaneous methods such as laser, microwaves, radiofrequency electrosurgery, and injection of ethanol or hot saline. The paper also reviews high-focused ultrasound as an example of a non-invasive method. The paper does not disclose, suggest, nor motivate combining the use of a radiofrequency loop with other tissue ablation methods.
• A procedure is disclosed in a paper entitled “Interstitial Hyperthermia Of Colorectal Liver Metastases With A US-guided Nd-YAG Laser with a Diffuser Tip: A Pilot Clinical Study,” C. Nolsoe et al., Radiology, 1993; 187:333-337, that involves placing a laser fiber in the center of a tumor and irradiating the tumor to achieve hyperthermia ablation. It is also disclosed to use ultrasound to monitor the temperature of the tumor during the method. The paper discloses a charred border region about the tissue specimen and a coagulated region beyond the charred border. The paper does not disclose any concerns associated with ablating a nonisolated tissue specimen. The paper does not disclose, suggest, nor motivate combining the use of lasers with other tissue ablation methods.
• It is disclosed in a paper entitled “Phototherapy of Tumors,” S. G. Brown, World J. Surg. 7, 700-709, 1983, the use of the chemical hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) in conjunction with a dye laser for tumor therapy. The HpD/dye laser method is not thermal, as is the case with most laser methods, but depends on the production of singlet oxygen by activated HpD. The paper discloses the promise of the HpD/dye laser methods—but with no disclosure, suggestion, or motivation to isolate the tissue specimen prior to treatment. The paper discloses the problems associated with unacceptable damage to surrounding tissue during thermal laser methods.
• It is disclosed in a paper entitled “Clinical Thermochemotherapy: A Controlled Trial In Advanced Cancer Patients,” F. K. Storm et al, Cancer 53:863868, 1984, to combine hyperthermia and chemotherapy for increased drug uptake of cancer cells. The hyperthermia was administered using a magnetrode magneticloop induction device. The paper does disclose the beneficial of preserving the tissue surrounding the tissue specimen, which in the disclosed method is due to coincident vascular occlusion. It does not disclose, motivate, or suggest direct methods of severing vascular connections between a tissue specimen and surrounding tissue, in conjunction with other methods of tissue specimen ablation.
• It is disclosed in a paper entitled “Liver Photocoagulation With Diode Laser (805 nm) Vs Nd:YAG Laser (1064 nm),” S. L. Jacques et al., SPIE Vol. 1646 LaserTissue Interaction 111 (1992), p. 107-117, that laser treatment results in radially expanding regions of tissue damage. The paper does not disclose, suggest, nor motivate isolating the tissue specimen targeted for necrosis and any result that may have with reducing damage to surrounding tissue.
• It is disclosed in a paper entitled “MR Imaging Of Laser-Tissue Interactions,” F. A. Jolesz, Radiology 1989; 168:249-253, that thermal transfer and damage to surrounding tissue during hyperthermia treatment should be monitored. The paper also discloses that circulatory cooling, among other parameters, affects energy deposition. The paper does not disclose, suggest, nor motivate that isolating the tissue specimen prior to hyperthermia treatment. This information is similarly disclosed in a paper entitled “Temperature Mapping With MR Imaging Of Molecular Diffusion: Application to Hyperthermia,” D. L. Bihan, Radiology 1989; 171: 853-857.
• Therefore, the prior art discloses damage occurs to tissue surrounding a tissue specimen to be treated. What is needed is a device and method for reducing damage to the surrounding tissue. What is also needed is a device and method with increased efficiency for damaging the tissue specimens.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• In an aspect of the invention, a tissue specimen that is disposed in surrounding tissue is treated. The treatment comprises an isolation step and a damaging step. During the isolation step, the tissue specimen is isolated from the surrounding tissue by at least partially severing the tissue specimen from the surrounding tissue. Next, the tissue specimen is damaged.
• In an aspect of the invention, the isolating step further comprises the step of moving a tissue specimen isolating tool about the tissue specimen. In a further aspect of the invention, the tissue specimen isolating tool comprises a radio frequency energized wire. The treatment process may include the step of applying a tool charged with radio frequency energy to the tissue specimen.
• In aspects of the invention, the damaging step may comprises applying ionizing radiation to the tissue specimen, cutting the tissue specimen, thermally treating the tissue specimen, chemically treating the tissue specimen, or seating an outer boundary of the tissue specimen.
• In an aspect of the invention, a device for treatment of a tissue specimen in surrounding tissue comprises an operational portion, a tissue severing tool, and a tissue specimen damager. The tissue specimen isolating tool and the tissue specimen damager are disposed at the operational portion.
• In a further aspect of the invention, a radio frequency generation source is functionally connected to the tissue specimen isolating, tool.
• In an aspect of the invention, the tissue specimen isolating tool of the treatment device comprises a cutting member that is extendable to an outwardly radially bowed position about the operational portion. In a further aspect of the invention, a cutting member radio frequency generation source is functionally connected to the cutting member.
• In an aspect of the invention, the tissue specimen damager of the treatment device comprises at least one metal member extending from the operational portion and being functionally connectable to a metal member radio frequency generation source.
• In aspects of the invention, the tissue specimen damager may comprise an ionizing radiation director, a tissue specimen cutter, a thermal treatment system, or a chemical introduction system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 shows a side view tissue specimen isolating and damaging device using radio frequency energized wires according to an embodiment of the invention;
• FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the device ofFIG. 1 in a breast after isolation of the tissue specimen and prior damaging the tissue specimen;
• FIG. 3 shows the same sectional view as doesFIG. 2 but after damaging the tissue specimen by thermal treatment;
• FIG. 4 is a nonexclusive chart of treatment methods for damaging the tissue specimen according to embodiments of the invention; and
• FIGS. 5-8 are side views of tissue specimen isolating and damaging devices according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIGS. 9 and 10 show tissue specimen encapsulation devices which may be used in conjunction with the invention.
• FIG. 11 is a sectional radial view of the device shown inFIGS. 9 and 10 in a target body with the sheath deployment members being partially deployed in a periphery margin surrounding the tissue specimen.
• FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the device ofFIGS. 9 and 10 shown without an outer sleeve and with sheath deployment members and a cutting member bowed radially outward.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Referring now to the figures, and specifically toFIG. 1, a tissue specimen isolating anddamaging device10 comprises awand12 having aproximal end14 shown to the right and adistal end16 shown to the left. Thedevice10 is used to isolate a tissue specimen while the tissue specimen is disposed in surrounding tissue and then damage the tissue specimen (seeFIGS. 2 and 3). The isolation step may encompass isolating the tissue specimen from circulation and/or may encompass generally severing of the tissue specimen from the surrounding tissue. After the damaging step, the tissue specimen may remain in the body, turn into fibrotic tissue, and/or be removed from the body during the process or at a later time.
• While isolating the tissue specimen may result in necrosis, thedevice10 damages the tissue specimen to insure necrosis occurs. The necrosis of the tissue specimen results in reducing or eliminating the transfer of malignant or diseased tissue from the tissue specimen. The necrosis of the tissue specimen also dissuades the patient's body from repairing the tissue specimen. The shown embodiment of the invention utilizes aradio frequency generator18 to perform the procedure. Other embodiments of the invention may use other methods, examples of which are non-exclusively discussed below.
• Located at thedistal end16 of thewand12 is anoperational portion20 of thedevice10. Theoperational portion20 is involved with both isolating and damaging the tissue specimen. In the shown embodiment, an outwardly radially bowedwire22 isolates the tissue specimen. Thewire22 is disposed at theoperational portion20 and rotationally connected to thewand12. In the shown embodiment of the invention, thewire22 is initially in a retracted position against the wand12 (not shown) to reduce trauma to surrounding tissue during placement of thedevice10. Thewire22 is extended outward radially after theoperational portion20 is disposed in or proximate to the tissue specimen.
• Thewire22, which is a tissue specimen isolating tool of thedevice10, is powered by theradio frequency generator18 and rotated to isolate the tissue specimen. As thewire22 is rotated, a periphery channel (seeFIG. 2) is formed between the tissue specimen and the surrounding tissue, thus severing the two. Other embodiments of the invention may have thewire22 be fixedly and not rotatably connected to thewand12, thus the whole wand is rotated to isolate the tissue specimen and not just the bowedwire22.
• Embodiments of the invention may comprise other tissue specimen isolating tools with cutting members, such as is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. patent applications to Burbank et al. entitled “Breast Biopsy System and Method,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/057,303 and “Tissue Specimen Encapsulation Device and Method Thereof,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/208,535, both of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. Embodiments of the invention may only partially sever the tissue specimen from the surrounding tissue.
• At thedistal end16 is aradio frequency wire24 that is energized during the step of inserting thewand12 into the surrounding tissue. Other embodiments may have other means for inserting the wand into the surrounding tissue, such as a nonenergized piercing tool or some other form of energized piercing tool. Still other embodiments of the invention may not have a piercing tool at thedistal end16, but rather enter the surrounding tissue through a pre-existing passage.
• In the shown embodiment, the tissue specimen is ablated or otherwise damaged after isolation (seeFIG. 3). The damaging of the tissue sample results in necrosis. The damage may be caused by ionizing radiation that disrupts cellular functions. The tissue specimen may be damaged through mechanical means, such as cutting or otherwise morcellating the tissue specimen. Tissue specimen damage may be the result of thermal or chemical treatment.
• Continuing to refer toFIG. 1,radio frequency wires28 that extend from theoperational portion20 of thedevice10 are used to damage the tissue specimen. Thewires28 are initially in a retracted position inwand12 or disposed on thewand12. Either before, during, or after the isolation of the tissue specimen, thewires28 are extended as shown and enter the tissue specimen. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, thewires28 are disposed in thewand12 and are extended prior to isolation of the tissue specimen. Theextended wires28 anchor thedevice10 in the tissue specimen, resulting in a more precise isolation of the specimen. Other embodiments of the invention may have other methods or mechanisms for anchoring, thedevice10 in the tissue specimen.
• Theradio frequency wires28, which comprise the tissue specimen damager ofdevice10, are shown extending toward thedistal end16 of thewand12. Other embodiments of the invention may havewires28 extending in any suitable direction. Thewires28 are shown extending almost to the radially bowedwire22, resulting in thewires28 being distributed throughout the tissue specimen. Other embodiments of the invention may have thewires28 extending into a portion of the tissue specimen.
• When energized, the radio frequency wires29 damage the tissue specimen by causing the water molecules in the tissue specimen to vibrate and rapidly vaporize. The rapid vaporization results in the destruction of cells in the tissue specimen, thus damaging the specimen. The rapid vaporization is a form of thermal treatment. The radio frequency wires may be mono- or bi-polar.
• After treatment, thewires28 may be retracted into thewand12. Other embodiments of the invention may not have thewires28 being retracted, but rather thewires28 remain extended and slide out of the tissue specimen during removal of thewand12 from the surrounding tissue. Thedistally leaning wires28 facilitate their sliding out of the tissue specimen during wand removal.
• The severing and isolation of the tissue specimen results in a more controlled and simpler process to damage the specimen. In the case of thermal treatment, a non-isolated tissue specimen is cooled or heated by blood circulating through the specimen. The thermal treatment of an isolated tissue specimen is not competing with the cooling or heating effects of blood circulation. Without competing with the effects of blood circulation through the specimen, the thermal treatment is shorter and more restricted to the immediate tissue specimen. Further, the isolation reduces thermal damage to the surrounding tissue.
• Functionally connected to theproximal end14 of thewand12 is acontrol system30. In the shown embodiment, thecontrol system30 manipulates thecutting wire22 and theradio frequency wires28. In some embodiments of the invention, thecontrol system30 may control the insertion and removal of thewand12 from the tissue specimen and the surrounding tissue. Thecontrol system30 is functionally connected to theradio frequency generator18 that supplies energy to thewires22 and28. In the embodiments of the invention in which the radially bowedwire22 is in a fixed position on thewand12, thecontrol system30 rotates thewand12 to isolate the tissue specimen. In other embodiments of the invention, the components of the device are manipulated by hand.
• Referring now toFIG. 2, thedevice10 is shown disposed in abreast50 with theoperational portion20 being disposed in atissue specimen52. In this embodiment, thebreast50 may be considered the surrounding tissue. Thetissue specimen52 contains atumor54, which is shown cross-hatched. Thecutting wire22 is shown in the outwardly radially bowed position. Thecutting wire22 has already been rotated, thereby forming aperiphery channel56 and isolating thetissue specimen52. Note theradio frequency wires28 are not shown extended inFIG. 2. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, thewires28 are extended into thetissue specimen52 prior to isolation.
• Referring now toFIG. 3, thetissue specimen52 ofFIG. 2 has been damaged, resulting in damagedtissue specimen60 through thermal treatment by thedevice10. Theradio frequency wires28 of thedevice10 are shown extended into thetissue specimen60. Thewires28 had been energized, resulting in the vaporization of the water molecules, disruption of the cells of the tissue specimen, heating the specimen, and the ultimate damaging of it. The amount and time of the treatment may be predetermined or the device may comprise a feed back system (not shown) that indicates when the treatment has been completed. In a further step, thedevice10 is removed from thebreast50, either without or without retracting theradio frequency wires28 into thedevice10.
• Referring now toFIG. 4,Chart100 is a non-exclusive list of possible methods for damaging the in vivo tissue specimen besides thermal treatment through radio frequency devices. Listed as forms ofthermal treatments102 are laser, hot fluids, cold fluids, radio frequency energy and other electrosurgery techniques, microwave, focussed ultrasound, mechanical ultrasound, shock waves, resistive heating, cryosurgery using liquid or gas, cauterizing, and the application of a heated object. An example of a heated object is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,773,413 to Hussein et al. entitled “Localized Heat Applying Medical Device,” which is incorporated herein by referenced in its entirety. Other embodiments of the invention may use any suitable thermal treatment system to damage the tissue specimen.
• Themechanical treatment list104 includes morcellators and other cutting devices. The ionizingradiation treatment list106 includes treatment with x-rays, including x-ray needles, gamma rays, and Brachytherapy seeds, which are forms of ionizing radiation directors. Thechemical treatment list108 includes treatment with ethanol, sotradechol, an acid, a base, various chemical compounds, various chemical mixtures, a catalyst, a sealing agent that seals the outside of the tissue specimen, and a photoreactive chemical that is used in conjunction with a light or laser system. Other embodiments of the invention may use any suitable chemical treatment system to damage the tissue specimen.
• Referring now toFIG. 5, a tissue specimen isolating anddamaging device200 has alaser device202 at anoperational portion204. Thelaser device202 damages a tissue specimen through thermal treatment. The shown embodiment of the invention has two outwardly radially bowed cuttingwires206. Embodiments of the invention may have one ormore cutting wires206 regardless of the treatment to damage the tissue specimen. Note that acutting tip210 is located at adistal end212 of thedevice200.
• Referring now toFIG. 6, a tissue specimen isolating, anddamaging device220 has amorcellator222 at anoperational portion224. Themorcellator222 is used to morcellate a tissue specimen. The tissue specimen may be morcellated after encapsulation of the tissue specimen. Encapsulation of the tissue specimen is disclosed in the previously referenced and incorporated U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/208,535 entitled “Tissue Specimen Encapsulation Device and Method Thereof”. The tissue specimen may be encapsulated with non-biodegradable or biodegradable material. Note that there is not a piercing tool on this embodiment of the invention. Other morcellating devices may have a piercing tool. Also note that the cutting wire is in a retracted position and not visible.
• In an embodiment of the invention, the tissue specimen is damaged by encapsulation. The damage is the result of the tissue specimen being physically isolated from the surrounding tissue. In an embodiment of the invention, a sheath may at least partially surround the tissue specimen (not shown). In another embodiment of the invention (not shown), the tissue specimen may be physically isolated by encapsulation accomplished with a chemical that flows into the periphery channel about the tissue specimen and seals specimen's outside surface. Suitable techniques known in the art for ensuring a continuous distribution of the sealing chemical may be employed, such as pressurizing the periphery channel.
• Now referring toFIG. 7, a tissue specimen isolating anddamaging device240 hasoutlets242 at theoperational portion244. Theoutlets242 permit the flow of a chemical into the tissue specimen, thus transforming the tissue specimen through a chemical reaction or other chemical treatment. The isolation of the tissue specimen reduces the amount of chemicals transferring to the surrounding tissue.
• In other embodiments of the invention, hollow needles may extend from theoperational portion244 such that the chemical may be injected into the tissue specimen through the needles. Other embodiments of the invention may include slicing tools that make slits in the surface of the tissue specimen that is in contact with thewand246. The slits facilitate infusion of the chemical. The slits may also be made by thecutting wire248. Thecutting wire248 is rotated and partially extended into the tissue specimen at periodic intervals either before or after the tissue specimen has been isolated.
• Referring now toFIG. 8, a tissue specimen isolating anddamaging device260 cryogenically treats thetissue specimen262 disposed at theoperational portion264 of thewand266. A cryogenic fluid is flowed to theoperational portion264 through afeed line268 and is returned to the control system (not shown) via areturn line270, both of which is disposed in thewand266. Thetissue specimen262 is frozen and damaged through thermal treatment with the cryogenic fluid.
• Encapsulation of the tissue specimen may be accomplished by use of a tissue specimen encapsulation device as shown inFIG. 9. The figure depicts a tissuespecimen encapsulation device310 which is comprised of awand assembly312, asheath314, and aguide assembly316. Thewand assembly312 defines anaxis318, andaxial direction320, and a plurality ofradial directions322. Thewand assembly312 also has aproximal end324, shown to the left inFIG. 9, and adistal end326, shown to the right inFIG. 9. Amidsection328 extends between theends324 and326. Theproximal end324 is the end that is held by a user of thedevice310. Theproximal end324 may be functionally connected to an actuator system, such as a control box or the equivalent, that manipulates thedevice310 per the directions of the user (not shown). Thedistal end326 is inserted into a target body (not shown) and proximate to a tissue specimen to be encapsulated by the device. Thewand assembly312 may be rigid or flexible, and may be articulatable so that it may be steered. Thewand assembly312 comprises ashaft core329,shaft330, asheath sleeve332 and anouter sleeve334. Theshaft core329,shaft330 andsleeves332 and334 are co-axially aligned and nested such that theshaft core329 is inside theshaft330 that is inside thesheath sleeve332 that is inside theouter sleeve334. Theshaft core329 and theshaft330 extend proximally and distally beyond thesleeves332 and334 with the shaft core extending proximally beyond the shaft. Thesheath sleeve332 extends proximally beyond theouter sleeve334 but theouter sleeve334 extends distally beyond thesheath sleeve332. In the device as shown, thedistal end326 of the device has atip338 with a radio frequency (“RF”)powered member340 extending diametrically across the tip. The RF poweredmember340 may be energized such that the device moves through tissue via ablation or electrosurgical incision, thus enabling the device to be inserted into the target body containing a tissue specimen to be encapsulated. The device also may enter the biological target via other means, such as lasers or other focussed light techniques, high pressure water, cutting with a sharp implement, cryogenic techniques, etc. In addition, the device may not have a component analogous to the RF poweredmember340 but thedistal end326 may be inserted into the target body through a pre-existing passage (not shown). The device also has a sheath deploymentrod deployment end342 extending from theproximal end324 of thewand assembly312. The sheath deploymentmember deployment end342 is pulled proximally in theaxial direction320 to deploy thesheath314 about a tissue specimen. InFIG. 10, thesheath deployment members448 are shown deployed about thetissue specimen492. At the axial center of thewand412 is the sheath deploymentmember deployment rod456. The sheath deploymentmember deployment rod456 extends distally through the sheathdeployment member cap454 and terminates at thestop488. Thestop488 is located distally and adjacent to thecap top476. The sheathdeployment member cap454 is located at thedistal end426 of thewand assembly412 with theaxial extensions478 extending proximally. Theaxial extensions478 are disposed against the interior surface of theshaft core429. The sheath deployment member deployment ends474 are looped around the sheathdeployment member ring482, which is located proximal to thecap top476. Thesheath deployment members448 extend from the sheathdeployment member ring482 and radially out of thedistal end426 of theshaft430. As shown inFIG. 10, the sheath deploymentmember deployment rod456 is centrally located within theshaft core429. Thepush rods452 are disposed ingrooves458 in the outer surface of theshaft core429. Theshaft430 surrounds theshaft core429. Thetissue specimen492 is disposed about theshaft430 toward the shaft'sdistal end426. Theouter sleeve434 is shown surrounding theshaft430 and is located proximally from thetissue specimen492. Thesheath414 is disposed between theshaft430 and theouter sleeve434 with thesecond portion446 distally extending from under the outer sleeve. Thesheath deployment members448 are deployed about thetissue specimen492 but have not been released from thewand assembly412. Theend balls470 of thesheath deployment members448 are disposed in the ball-holders466. Thepush rods452 have been pushed to a position proximal ofball openings402. Theball openings402 are located at the proximal end of each sheathdeployment member slot472 and extend through theshaft430. Theball openings402 generally correspond with the proximal end of thetissue specimen492. Thesheath deployment members448 extend from theend balls470, through theball openings402, throughligatures449 extending from the sheathsecond portion446, and into theperiphery margin498 about thetissue specimen492.
• FIG. 11 shows the final sheath deployment member,sheath deployment member448d, partially radially expanded into thechannel494 with 315 degrees of theperiphery margin498 having been formed. The remainder of the method of deploying thesheath deployment members448 and forming theperiphery margin498 comprises fully extending thesheath deployment member448dto point496 and rotating the device until the cuttingmember488 reachespoint496, thereby fully forming theperiphery margin498 and separating thetissue specimen492 from thetarget body491. At this point the cuttingmember488 may remain bowed or may retracted at least partially back to theshaft430 by proximally pulling its respective push rod (not shown inFIG. 6).
• Referring toFIG. 12, thesheath deployment members448 are bowed radially outward. The bowing of thesheath deployment members448 occurs as therespective push rods452 are distally pushed while the distally located looped deployment end474 (not shown, seeFIG. 5) of eachsheath deployment member448 remains static. The pushing of therods452 moves theend balls470 distally in thegrooves458 and forces thesheath deployment members448 radially outward. Thesheath deployment members448 extend throughligatures449 attached to thesecond portion446 of thesheath414. As thesheath deployment members448 bow outwardly, the sheath deployment members slip through the holes provided until theend balls470 comes up against theligatures449. Theligature449 is a looped end of a cord485 that is embedded in the sheathsecond portion446. Theligature449 is sized such that theend ball470 cannot slide through it. Other embodiments of the invention may have other equivalent mechanisms and arrangements for attaching the sheath deploymentmember attachment end471 to thesheath414.
• Also shown inFIG. 12 is a bowed cuttingmember488 which may be a radiofrequency powered tissue cutting element. The bowed cuttingmember488 is shown as being similar to the foursheath deployment members448. The cuttingmember488 is disposed and arranged in the device410 similar to thesheath deployment members448. Initially, the cuttingmember488 is not fully bowed. Using thefifth push rod452, the cuttingmember488 is forced radially outward throughslot451. In the shown embodiment of the invention, the cuttingmember488 is RF powered, as is themember440 on thetip438. Other embodiments of the invention may have cutting members that cut through tissue using other means. In some embodiments of the invention, the cutting member may be permanently attached to the distal end of thepush rod452. In other embodiments of the invention, the cuttingmember488 may also function similar to thesheath deployment members448 in drawing thesheath414 over the tissue specimen as described below. In still other embodiments of the invention, there may not be element of thedevice10 that functions equivalently to the cuttingmember488.
• Embodiments of the invention have suitable control systems incorporated into the tissue specimen isolating and damaging device. Further, the embodiments of the invention are suitably configured for different treatment methods and different tissue specimen shapes and sizes.
• Although presently preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail hereinabove, it should be clearly understood that many variations and/or modifications of the basic inventive concepts herein taught, which may appear to those skilled in the pertinent art, will still fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (18)

1-18. (canceled)

19. A tissue collection apparatus for collecting a tissue specimen, comprising:

a separating device configured to separate the tissue specimen from surrounding tissue;

a plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements configured to engage and damage the separated tissue specimen, and configured for operation independent from the separating device; and

an encapsulating device configured to encapsulate the separated and damaged tissue specimen, the encapsulating device configured for operation independent from the separating device and the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements.

20. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 19, further comprising a radiofrequency generator coupled to the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements.

21. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 20, comprising a wand to which the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements is coupled, each tissue specimen damaging element of the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements being a wire having a free end, the free end oriented to extend at an acute angle with respect to a longitudinal extent of the wand when the wire is in the extended position.

22. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 21, wherein the wand is configured to move the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements from a retracted position to an extended position so as to enter the separated tissue specimen.

23. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 20, wherein the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements is a plurality of wires, and the radiofrequency generator configured to apply radiofrequency energy to each wire of the plurality of wires.

24. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 23, wherein each wire of the plurality of wires has a free end.

25. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 23, wherein each wire of the plurality of wires has a free end that is extendable from a retracted position to an extended position to engage the separated tissue specimen.

26. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 20, wherein the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements extend outwardly from a wand when in an extended position, and are retracted into the wand when in a retracted position.

27. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 19, wherein:

the separating device includes a wand and a radially bowed wire having a proximal end and a distal end, and each of the proximal end and the distal end being coupled to the wand, the separating device configured for rotation to create a periphery channel that is formed between the tissue specimen and the surrounding tissue; and

the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements are extendable outwardly from the wand to an extended position located within an interior region defined by the periphery channel.

28. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 27, wherein the wand is configured to retract the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements into the wand to a retracted position.

29. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 27, further comprising a radiofrequency generator coupled to the radially bowed wire and to the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements.

30. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 28, wherein each tissue specimen damaging element of the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements is a wire having a free end, the free end oriented to extend at an acute angle with respect to a longitudinal extent of the wand when the wire is in the extended position.

31. A tissue collection apparatus for collecting a tissue specimen, comprising:

a separating device configured to separate the tissue specimen from surrounding tissue;

a plurality of electrical tissue specimen damaging elements configured to engage and damage the separated tissue specimen, and configured for operation independent from the separating device;

an electrical source electrically coupled to each of the separating device and the plurality of electrical tissue specimen damaging elements; and

an encapsulating device configured to encapsulate the separated and damaged tissue specimen, the encapsulating device configured for operation independent from the separating device and the plurality of electrical tissue specimen damaging elements.

32. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 31, wherein the electrical source is a radiofrequency generator.

33. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 31, comprising a wand to which the plurality of electrical tissue specimen damaging elements is coupled, wherein the plurality of electrical tissue specimen damaging elements extend outwardly from the wand when in an extended position, and are retracted into the wand when in a retracted position.

34. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 33, wherein the wand is configured to move the electrical tissue specimen damaging elements from the retracted position to the extended position so as to enter the tissue specimen.

35. The tissue collection apparatus ofclaim 33, wherein each tissue specimen damaging element of the plurality of tissue specimen damaging elements is a wire having a free end, the free end oriented to extend at an acute angle with respect to a longitudinal extent of the wand when the wire is in the extended position.

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