US20170017774A1 - Systems and methods for medical dispensing, management and monitoring - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a system for medical dispensing, management and monitoring. According to one aspect, a remote medical management environment can include a medical management system intermediary to a plurality of patients and a plurality of medical care providers. The medical management system can communicate with medical dispensing devices configured to dispense medication to patients. Further, the medical management system can communicate with provider devices through which medical care providers can access medicine related information of patients and provide instructions, which can administer treatment protocols to patients of the medical dispensing devices. The remote medical management environment can allow medical care providers, such as doctors, the ability to remotely manage and administer medications to patients, while at the same time, avoid accidental medicinal drug use and abuse by patients.

Description

RELATED APPLICATION
• The present application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/118,341, titled “Systems and Methods for Medical Dispensing, Management and Monitoring” and filed on Feb. 19, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
• The present application relates generally to systems and methods for medical dispensing, management and monitoring, and more particularly, to methods and systems for providing medical care providers the ability to remotely manage and monitor the administering of medications to patients via remotely controlled medical dispensing devices.
BACKGROUND
• Patients in need of medication either have to visit pharmacies to pick up medication or have the medicines delivered to them. Oftentimes, doctors treating these patients are unable to gauge the efficacy of the medications they prescribe until the patient either returns to the clinic for follow up testing or goes to a laboratory for blood work.
SUMMARY
• The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for medical dispensing, management and monitoring. According to one aspect, a remote medical management environment can include a medical management system intermediary to a plurality of patients and a plurality of medical care providers. The medical management system can communicate with medical dispensing devices configured to dispense medication to patients. Further, the medical management system can communicate with provider devices through which medical care providers can access medicine related information of patients and provide instructions, which can administer treatment protocols to patients of the medical dispensing devices. The remote medical management environment can allow medical care providers, such as doctors, the ability to remotely manage and administer medications to patients, while at the same time, avoid medicinal drug abuse by patients.
• The medical management system can include a processor and a memory including instructions configured to cause the medical management system to allow a medical care provider to remotely manage and administer medications to one or more patients. The medical management system includes a patient database, a provider database, a medical manager and a prescription manager. The medical management system can include one or more communication modules through which the medical management system can communicate with patient devices and provider devices.
• The patient device, otherwise referred to as a medical dispensing device can be configured to allow a medical care provider, for example, a doctor, the ability to remotely monitor, regulate and manipulate medication administration to a patient associated with the patient device. Through the medical dispensing device, the medical care provider can adjust either the dosage of medications or the time at which the medication is administered. In some implementations, the medical care provider may receive feedback through the medical dispensing device or other medical device monitoring the patient and adjust the dosage or time at which to administer medication based on the received feedback. The medical dispensing device can be equipped with a communications module that is configured to communicate with the medical management system through which the medical care provider can remotely communicate with the medical dispensing device. The communications module can include both hardware and software components that allow the medical dispensing device to receive and transmit instructions and information. In some implementations, the communications module can be configured to provide wireless communications, for example, BLUETOOTH, WiFi, cellular communications, among others. In some implementations, the communications module can be configured to communicate with another device, such as a smartphone, tablet, or other device that allows the medical dispensing device to receive and execute instructions received from the medical care provider. The medical dispensing device can include one or more electronic actuators that can be configured or programmed to control the amount of medication dispensed from the medical dispensing device.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device is programmable and capable of maintaining activity logs. The activity logs can identify a date and time at which medication was dispensed, a dosage of medication dispensed as well as any other physiological measurements, for example, temperature, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, sugar levels, among others, taken around the time the medication was dispensed. In addition to medication dispensing related activity, the activity logs can identify when a medical care provider communicated with the medical dispensing device. In some implementations, the activity logs can include information related to dosage changes as well as changes in the time at which medication is to be administered.
• The medical dispensing device can also include sensors measuring a quantity of medication remaining in the medical dispensing device. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device an determine an amount of medication remaining in the medical dispensing device based on the amount of medication included in a medicine cartridge and an amount of medication already dispensed since the medicine cartridge was first inserted. The medical dispensing device can be configured to communicate medicine quantity levels such that refills can be ordered before the medicine cartridge is completely empty.
• The medical dispensing device can be tamper proof. This is to prevent medication abuse and fraud. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can include an alert system that triggers an alert upon determining that the medical dispensing device has been tampered or an attempt to tamper the medical dispensing device was made. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can include one or more security modules. The security modules can include hardware and software to ensure that the medication is dispensed to an authorized user or patient. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can include a user recognition or identification system. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can include a fingerprint reader, an iris scanner, or any other biometric scanner to confirm the identity of the user. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can be password protected. In some implementations the medical dispensing device can only be actuated via a second device, such as a smartphone or tablet, registered with the medical management system.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can include a temperature control module to control the temperature of medication within the medical dispensing device. In this way, if the medicine in the medical dispensing device is to be maintained at a particular temperature, and the medical dispensing device is in a location that has an ambient temperature much higher than the temperature at which to maintain the medicine, the medical dispensing device can provide cooling to the medication. Conversely, the medical dispensing device can provide heating to medications that are supposed to be stored or maintained at temperatures higher than the ambient temperature at which the medical dispensing device is located.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can be a programmable, remotely controlled prescription drug bottle. The medical dispensing device may include Bluetooth, RFID, GPS, a battery, a controller, a cellular chip, etc. The medical dispensing device could dispense pills, liquid, powder, any vaporizable substance, collectively, respectively, and independently. The medical dispensing device can be configured to provide the ability to remotely regulate, monitor, control and/or verify dosage. In this way, a medical care provider can regulate or control the number of pills dispensed, the time at which they are dispensed and the location at which they can be dispensed, among others. For instance, if the pills can only be dispensed within a particular geographic location identifiable via cellular triangulation techniques, IP addressing, or GPS coordinates, the risk of drug abuse, theft, resale, and redistribution can be minimized. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can be configured to only dispense medications when it is within a few feet from a stationary object, such as a RFID scanner or Bluetooth source that may be tied to a particular location.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device may be configured to communicate with a mobile device of the patient to verify the identity of a person accessing or requesting access to the medical dispensing device. For instance, the medical dispensing device may only dispense medication in response to receiving a communication or signal from a paired mobile device that can generate the communication or signal upon verifying the identity of the patient. In some implementations, the mobile device can verify the identity of the patient through facial recognition, fingerprint scanning, passwords, or other security measures that can be received, identified or otherwise incorporated via the mobile device. In this way, there is no need for the medical dispensing device to be designed with an integrated fingerprint scanner, camera to detect facial recognition, or keypad to receive a password from the patient, thereby reducing manufacturing costs of the medical dispensing device.
• In some implementations, the location of the medical dispensing device or the mobile device with which the medical dispensing device can communicate may be monitored. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can restrict the dispensing of medications based on one or more predetermined locations. In some implementations, one or more location based policies can be established to ensure additional security. For instance, the medical dispensing device may be configured to only dispense the medicine at predetermined locations, for example, a patient's home, a patient's work location, a nursing home, a hospital or other medical care provider's address, among others. In this way, if the device is stolen or otherwise provided to an unauthorized user, the unauthorized user may be unable to receive medication from the medical dispensing device at locations different from the predetermined locations. In addition, the medical dispensing device may only transmit or receive data from the medical management system at the predetermined locations to reduce security breaches.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can operate using batteries. In some implementations, the batteries may be rechargeable or disposable. In some implementations in which the batteries are rechargeable, the batteries may be charged via a USB cable, via a power supply channel, or via wireless induction. In some implementations, to implement wireless induction, the medical dispensing device can be incorporated with a wireless charging coil, for example, a wireless charging coil supplied by DIGIKEY and manufactured by Wurth Electronics, Inc. In some implementations, the wireless charging coil can be Part Number 76030811, manufactured by Wurth Electronics, Inc. The shape, size and position of the one or more wireless charging coils can be designed to fit within the medical dispensing device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1A is a block diagram depicting an embodiment of a network environment comprising local devices in communication with remote devices.
• FIGS. 1B-1D are block diagrams depicting embodiments of computers useful in connection with the methods and systems described herein.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting a medical management environment including a medical management system intermediary to a plurality of provider devices and patient devices.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting a patient device configured to dispense medication to a patient.
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting a provider device configured to allow a medical care provider to manage medications of patients receiving medication through the patient device ofFIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• For purposes of reading the description of the various embodiments below, the following descriptions of the sections of the specification and their respective contents may be helpful:
• Section A describes a network environment and computing environment which may be useful for practicing embodiments described herein.
• Section B describes embodiments of systems and methods for medical dispensing, management and monitoring.
A. Computing and Network Environment
• In addition to discussing specific embodiments of the present solution, it may be helpful to describe aspects of the operating environment as well as associated system components (e.g., hardware elements) in connection with the methods and systems described herein. Referring toFIG. 1A, an embodiment of a network environment is depicted. In brief overview, the network environment includes one or more clients102a-102n(also generally referred to as local machine(s)102, client(s)102, client node(s)102, client machine(s)102, client computer(s)102, client device(s)102, endpoint(s)102, or endpoint node(s)102) in communication with one or more servers106a-106n(also generally referred to as server(s)106, node106, or remote machine(s)106) via one ormore networks104. In some embodiments, a client102 has the capacity to function as both a client node seeking access to resources provided by a server and as a server providing access to hosted resources for other clients102a-102n.
• AlthoughFIG. 1A shows anetwork104 between the clients102 and the servers106, the clients102 and the servers106 may be on thesame network104. In some embodiments, there aremultiple networks104 between the clients102 and the servers106. In one of these embodiments, anetwork104′ (not shown) may be a private network and anetwork104 may be a public network. In another of these embodiments, anetwork104 may be a private network and anetwork104′ a public network. In still another of these embodiments,networks104 and104′ may both be private networks.
• Thenetwork104 may be connected via wired or wireless links. Wired links may include Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), coaxial cable lines, or optical fiber lines. The wireless links may include BLUETOOTH, Wi-Fi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), an infrared channel or satellite band. The wireless links may also include any cellular network standards used to communicate among mobile devices, including standards that qualify as 1G, 2G, 3G, or 1G. The network standards may qualify as one or more generation of mobile telecommunication standards by fulfilling a specification or standards such as the specifications maintained by International Telecommunication Union. The 3G standards, for example, may correspond to the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specification, and the 1G standards may correspond to the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) specification. Examples of cellular network standards include AMPS, GSM, GPRS, UMTS, LTE, LTE Advanced, Mobile WiMAX, and WiMAX-Advanced. Cellular network standards may use various channel access methods e.g. FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, or SDMA. In some embodiments, different types of data may be transmitted via different links and standards. In other embodiments, the same types of data may be transmitted via different links and standards.
• Thenetwork104 may be any type and/or form of network. The geographical scope of thenetwork104 may vary widely and thenetwork104 can be a body area network (BAN), a personal area network (PAN), a local-area network (LAN), e.g. Intranet, a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), or the Internet. The topology of thenetwork104 may be of any form and may include, e.g., any of the following: point-to-point, bus, star, ring, mesh, or tree. Thenetwork104 may be an overlay network which is virtual and sits on top of one or more layers ofother networks104′. Thenetwork104 may be of any such network topology as known to those ordinarily skilled in the art capable of supporting the operations described herein. Thenetwork104 may utilize different techniques and layers or stacks of protocols, including, e.g., the Ethernet protocol, the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP), the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) technique, the SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking) protocol, or the SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) protocol. The TCP/IP internet protocol suite may include application layer, transport layer, internet layer (including, e.g., IPv6), or the link layer. Thenetwork104 may be a type of a broadcast network, a telecommunications network, a data communication network, or a computer network.
• In some embodiments, the system may include multiple, logically-grouped servers106. In one of these embodiments, the logical group of servers may be referred to as aserver farm38 or amachine farm38. In another of these embodiments, the servers106 may be geographically dispersed. In other embodiments, amachine farm38 may be administered as a single entity. In still other embodiments, themachine farm38 includes a plurality of machine farms38. The servers106 within eachmachine farm38 can be heterogeneous—one or more of the servers106 or machines106 can operate according to one type of operating system platform (e.g., WINDOWS NT, manufactured by Microsoft Corp. of Redmond, Wash.), while one or more of the other servers106 can operate on according to another type of operating system platform (e.g., Unix, Linux, or Mac OS X).
• In one embodiment, servers106 in themachine farm38 may be stored in high-density rack systems, along with associated storage systems, and located in an enterprise data center. In this embodiment, consolidating the servers106 in this way may improve system manageability, data security, the physical security of the system, and system performance by locating servers106 and high performance storage systems on localized high performance networks. Centralizing the servers106 and storage systems and coupling them with advanced system management tools allows more efficient use of server resources.
• The servers106 of eachmachine farm38 do not need to be physically proximate to another server106 in thesame machine farm38. Thus, the group of servers106 logically grouped as amachine farm38 may be interconnected using a wide-area network (WAN) connection or a metropolitan-area network (MAN) connection. For example, amachine farm38 may include servers106 physically located in different continents or different regions of a continent, country, state, city, campus, or room. Data transmission speeds between servers106 in themachine farm38 can be increased if the servers106 are connected using a local-area network (LAN) connection or some form of direct connection. Additionally, aheterogeneous machine farm38 may include one or more servers106 operating according to a type of operating system, while one or more other servers106 execute one or more types of hypervisors rather than operating systems. In these embodiments, hypervisors may be used to emulate virtual hardware, partition physical hardware, virtualize physical hardware, and execute virtual machines that provide access to computing environments, allowing multiple operating systems to run concurrently on a host computer. Native hypervisors may run directly on the host computer. Hypervisors may include VMware ESX/ESXi, manufactured by VMWare, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif.; the Xen hypervisor, an open source product whose development is overseen by Citrix Systems, Inc.; the HYPER-V hypervisors provided by Microsoft or others. Hosted hypervisors may run within an operating system on a second software level. Examples of hosted hypervisors may include VMware Workstation and VIRTUALBOX.
• Management of themachine farm38 may be de-centralized. For example, one or more servers106 may comprise components, subsystems and modules to support one or more management services for themachine farm38. In one of these embodiments, one or more servers106 provide functionality for management of dynamic data, including techniques for handling failover, data replication, and increasing the robustness of themachine farm38. Each server106 may communicate with a persistent store and, in some embodiments, with a dynamic store.
• Server106 may be a file server, application server, web server, proxy server, appliance, network appliance, gateway, gateway server, virtualization server, deployment server, SSL VPN server, or firewall. In one embodiment, the server106 may be referred to as a remote machine or a node. In another embodiment, a plurality of nodes290 may be in the path between any two communicating servers.
• Referring toFIG. 1B, a cloud computing environment is depicted. A cloud computing environment may provide client102 with one or more resources provided by a network environment. The cloud computing environment may include one or more clients102a-102n, in communication with thecloud108 over one ormore networks104. Clients102 may include, e.g., thick clients, thin clients, and zero clients. A thick client may provide at least some functionality even when disconnected from thecloud108 or servers106. A thin client or a zero client may depend on the connection to thecloud108 or server106 to provide functionality. A zero client may depend on thecloud108 orother networks104 or servers106 to retrieve operating system data for the client device. Thecloud108 may include back end platforms, e.g., servers106, storage, server farms or data centers.
• Thecloud108 may be public, private, or hybrid. Public clouds may include public servers106 that are maintained by third parties to the clients102 or the owners of the clients. The servers106 may be located off-site in remote geographical locations as disclosed above or otherwise. Public clouds may be connected to the servers106 over a public network. Private clouds may include private servers106 that are physically maintained by clients102 or owners of clients. Private clouds may be connected to the servers106 over aprivate network104.Hybrid clouds108 may include both the private andpublic networks104 and servers106.
• Thecloud108 may also include a cloud based delivery, e.g. Software as a Service (SaaS)110, Platform as a Service (PaaS)112, and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)114. IaaS may refer to a user renting the use of infrastructure resources that are needed during a specified time period. IaaS providers may offer storage, networking, servers or virtualization resources from large pools, allowing the users to quickly scale up by accessing more resources as needed. Examples of IaaS include AMAZON WEB SERVICES provided by Amazon.com, Inc., of Seattle, Wash., RACKSPACE CLOUD provided by Rackspace US, Inc., of San Antonio, Tex., Google Compute Engine provided by Google Inc. of Mountain View, Calif., or RIGHTSCALE provided by RightScale, Inc., of Santa Barbara, Calif. PaaS providers may offer functionality provided by IaaS, including, e.g., storage, networking, servers or virtualization, as well as additional resources such as, e.g., the operating system, middleware, or runtime resources. Examples of PaaS include WINDOWS AZURE provided by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., Google App Engine provided by Google Inc., and HEROKU provided by Heroku, Inc. of San Francisco, Calif. SaaS providers may offer the resources that PaaS provides, including storage, networking, servers, virtualization, operating system, middleware, or runtime resources. In some embodiments, SaaS providers may offer additional resources including, e.g., data and application resources. Examples of SaaS include GOOGLE APPS provided by Google Inc., SALESFORCE provided by Salesforce.com Inc. of San Francisco, Calif., or OFFICE 365 provided by Microsoft Corporation. Examples of SaaS may also include data storage providers, e.g. DROPBOX provided by Dropbox, Inc. of San Francisco, Calif., Microsoft SKYDRIVE provided by Microsoft Corporation, Google Drive provided by Google Inc., or Apple ICLOUD provided by Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.
• Clients102 may access IaaS resources with one or more IaaS standards, including, e.g., Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI), Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface (CIMI), or OpenStack standards. Some IaaS standards may allow clients access to resources over HTTP, and may use Representational State Transfer (REST) protocol or Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). Clients102 may access PaaS resources with different PaaS interfaces. Some PaaS interfaces use HTTP packages, standard Java APIs, JavaMail API, Java Data Objects (JDO), Java Persistence API (JPA), Python APIs, web integration APIs for different programming languages including, e.g., Rack for Ruby, WSGI for Python, or PSGI for Perl, or other APIs that may be built on REST, HTTP, XML, or other protocols. Clients102 may access SaaS resources through the use of web-based user interfaces, provided by a web browser (e.g. GOOGLE CHROME, Microsoft INTERNET EXPLORER, or Mozilla Firefox provided by Mozilla Foundation of Mountain View, Calif.). Clients102 may also access SaaS resources through smartphone or tablet applications, including, for example, Salesforce Sales Cloud, or Google Drive app. Clients102 may also access SaaS resources through the client operating system, including, e.g., Windows file system for DROPB OX.
• In some embodiments, access to IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS resources may be authenticated. For example, a server or authentication server may authenticate a user via security certificates, HTTPS, or API keys. API keys may include various encryption standards such as, e.g., Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Data resources may be sent over Transport Layer Security (TLS) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
• The client102 and server106 may be deployed as and/or executed on any type and form of computing device, e.g. a computer, network device or appliance capable of communicating on any type and form of network and performing the operations described herein.FIGS. 1C and 1D depict block diagrams of acomputing device100 useful for practicing an embodiment of the client102 or a server106. As shown inFIGS. 1C and 1D, eachcomputing device100 includes acentral processing unit121, and amain memory unit122. As shown inFIG. 1C, acomputing device100 may include astorage device128, aninstallation device116, anetwork interface118, an I/O controller123, display devices124a-124n, akeyboard126 and apointing device127, e.g. a mouse. Thestorage device128 may include, without limitation, an operating system, software, and a software of a medical management system (MMS)120. As shown inFIG. 1D, eachcomputing device100 may also include additional optional elements, e.g. amemory port103, abridge170, one or more input/output devices130a-130n(generally referred to using reference numeral130), and acache memory140 in communication with thecentral processing unit121.
• Thecentral processing unit121 is any logic circuitry that responds to and processes instructions fetched from themain memory unit122. In many embodiments, thecentral processing unit121 is provided by a microprocessor unit, e.g.: those manufactured by Intel Corporation of Mountain View, Calif.; those manufactured by Motorola Corporation of Schaumburg, Ill.; the ARM processor and TEGRA system on a chip (SoC) manufactured by Nvidia of Santa Clara, Calif.; the POWER7 processor, those manufactured by International Business Machines of White Plains, N.Y.; or those manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices of Sunnyvale, Calif. Thecomputing device100 may be based on any of these processors, or any other processor capable of operating as described herein. Thecentral processing unit121 may utilize instruction level parallelism, thread level parallelism, different levels of cache, and multi-core processors. A multi-core processor may include two or more processing units on a single computing component. Examples of a multi-core processors include the AMD PHENOM IIX2, INTEL CORE i5 and INTEL CORE i7.
• Main memory unit122 may include one or more memory chips capable of storing data and allowing any storage location to be directly accessed by themicroprocessor121.Main memory unit122 may be volatile and faster thanstorage128 memory.Main memory units122 may be Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or any variants, including static random access memory (SRAM), Burst SRAM or SynchBurst SRAM (BSRAM), Fast Page Mode DRAM (FPM DRAM), Enhanced DRAM (EDRAM), Extended Data Output RAM (EDO RAM), Extended Data Output DRAM (EDO DRAM), Burst Extended Data Output DRAM (BEDO DRAM), Single Data Rate Synchronous DRAM (SDR SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Direct Rambus DRAM (DRDRAM), or Extreme Data Rate DRAM (XDR DRAM). In some embodiments, themain memory122 or thestorage128 may be non-volatile; e.g., non-volatile read access memory (NVRAM), flash memory non-volatile static RAM (nvSRAM), Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM), Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAIVI), Phase-change memory (PRAM), conductive-bridging RAM (CBRAIVI), Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon (SONOS), Resistive RAM (RRAIVI), Racetrack, Nano-RAM (NRAIVI), or Millipede memory. Themain memory122 may be based on any of the above described memory chips, or any other available memory chips capable of operating as described herein. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 1C, theprocessor121 communicates withmain memory122 via a system bus150 (described in more detail below).FIG. 1D depicts an embodiment of acomputing device100 in which the processor communicates directly withmain memory122 via amemory port103. For example, inFIG. 1D themain memory122 may be DRDRAM.
• FIG. 1D depicts an embodiment in which themain processor121 communicates directly withcache memory140 via a secondary bus, sometimes referred to as a backside bus. In other embodiments, themain processor121 communicates withcache memory140 using thesystem bus150.Cache memory140 typically has a faster response time thanmain memory122 and is typically provided by SRAM, BSRAM, or EDRAM. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 1D, theprocessor121 communicates with various I/O devices130 via alocal system bus150. Various buses may be used to connect thecentral processing unit121 to any of the I/O devices130, including a PCI bus, a PCI-X bus, or a PCI-Express bus, or a NuBus. For embodiments in which the I/O device is a video display124, theprocessor121 may use an Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) to communicate with the display124 or the I/O controller123 for the display124.FIG. 1D depicts an embodiment of acomputer100 in which themain processor121 communicates directly with I/O device130borother processors121′ via HYPERTRANSPORT, RAPIDIO, or INFINIBAND communications technology.FIG. 1D also depicts an embodiment in which local busses and direct communication are mixed: theprocessor121 communicates with I/O device130ausing a local interconnect bus while communicating with I/O device130bdirectly.
• A wide variety of I/O devices130a-130nmay be present in thecomputing device100. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, trackpads, trackballs, touchpads, touch mice, multi-touch touchpads and touch mice, microphones, multi-array microphones, drawing tablets, cameras, single-lens reflex camera (SLR), digital SLR (DSLR), CMOS sensors, accelerometers, infrared optical sensors, pressure sensors, magnetometer sensors, angular rate sensors, depth sensors, proximity sensors, ambient light sensors, gyroscopic sensors, or other sensors. Output devices may include video displays, graphical displays, speakers, headphones, inkjet printers, laser printers, and 3D printers.
• Devices130a-130nmay include a combination of multiple input or output devices, including, e.g., Microsoft KINECT, Nintendo Wiimote for the WII, Nintendo WII U GAMEPAD, or Apple IPHONE. Some devices130a-130nallow gesture recognition inputs through combining some of the inputs and outputs. Some devices130a-130nprovides for facial recognition which may be utilized as an input for different purposes including authentication and other commands. Some devices130a-130nprovides for voice recognition and inputs, including, e.g., Microsoft KINECT, SIRI for IPHONE by Apple, Google Now or Google Voice Search.
• Additional devices130a-130nhave both input and output capabilities, including, e.g., haptic feedback devices, touchscreen displays, or multi-touch displays. Touchscreen, multi-touch displays, touchpads, touch mice, or other touch sensing devices may use different technologies to sense touch, including, e.g., capacitive, surface capacitive, projected capacitive touch (PCT), in-cell capacitive, resistive, infrared, waveguide, dispersive signal touch (DST), in-cell optical, surface acoustic wave (SAW), bending wave touch (BWT), or force-based sensing technologies. Some multi-touch devices may allow two or more contact points with the surface, allowing advanced functionality including, e.g., pinch, spread, rotate, scroll, or other gestures. Some touchscreen devices, including, e.g., Microsoft PIXEL SENSE or Multi-Touch Collaboration Wall, may have larger surfaces, such as on a table-top or on a wall, and may also interact with other electronic devices. Some I/O devices130a-130n, display devices124a-124nor group of devices may be augment reality devices. The I/O devices may be controlled by an I/O controller123 as shown inFIG. 1C. The I/O controller may control one or more I/O devices, such as, e.g., akeyboard126 and apointing device127, e.g., a mouse or optical pen. Furthermore, an I/O device may also provide storage and/or aninstallation medium116 for thecomputing device100. In still other embodiments, thecomputing device100 may provide USB connections (not shown) to receive handheld USB storage devices. In further embodiments, an I/O device130 may be a bridge between thesystem bus150 and an external communication bus, e.g. a USB bus, a SCSI bus, a FireWire bus, an Ethernet bus, a Gigabit Ethernet bus, a Fibre Channel bus, or a Thunderbolt bus.
• In some embodiments, display devices124a-124nmay be connected to I/O controller123. Display devices may include, e.g., liquid crystal displays (LCD), thin film transistor LCD (TFT-LCD), blue phase LCD, electronic papers (e-ink) displays, flexile displays, light emitting diode displays (LED), digital light processing (DLP) displays, liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) displays, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, liquid crystal laser displays, time-multiplexed optical shutter (TMOS) displays, or 3D displays. Examples of 3D displays may use, e.g. stereoscopy, polarization filters, active shutters, or autostereoscopy. Display devices124a-124nmay also be a head-mounted display (HIVID). In some embodiments, display devices124a-124nor the corresponding I/O controllers123 may be controlled through or have hardware support for OPENGL or DIRECTX API or other graphics libraries.
• In some embodiments, thecomputing device100 may include or connect to multiple display devices124a-124n, which each may be of the same or different type and/or form. As such, any of the I/O devices130a-130nand/or the I/O controller123 may include any type and/or form of suitable hardware, software, or combination of hardware and software to support, enable or provide for the connection and use of multiple display devices124a-124nby thecomputing device100. For example, thecomputing device100 may include any type and/or form of video adapter, video card, driver, and/or library to interface, communicate, connect or otherwise use the display devices124a-124n. In one embodiment, a video adapter may include multiple connectors to interface to multiple display devices124a-124n. In other embodiments, thecomputing device100 may include multiple video adapters, with each video adapter connected to one or more of the display devices124a-124n. In some embodiments, any portion of the operating system of thecomputing device100 may be configured for using multiple displays124a-124n. In other embodiments, one or more of the display devices124a-124nmay be provided by one or more other computing devices100aor100bconnected to thecomputing device100, via thenetwork104. In some embodiments software may be designed and constructed to use another computer's display device as asecond display device124afor thecomputing device100. For example, in one embodiment, an Apple iPad may connect to acomputing device100 and use the display of thedevice100 as an additional display screen that may be used as an extended desktop. One ordinarily skilled in the art will recognize and appreciate the various ways and embodiments that acomputing device100 may be configured to have multiple display devices124a-124n.
• Referring again toFIG. 1C, thecomputing device100 may comprise a storage device128 (e.g. one or more hard disk drives or redundant arrays of independent disks) for storing an operating system or other related software, and for storing application software programs such as any program related to the software for themedical monitoring system120. Examples ofstorage device128 include, e.g., hard disk drive (HDD); optical drive including CD drive, DVD drive, or BLU-RAY drive; solid-state drive (SSD); USB flash drive; or any other device suitable for storing data. Some storage devices may include multiple volatile and non-volatile memories, including, e.g., solid state hybrid drives that combine hard disks with solid state cache. Somestorage device128 may be non-volatile, mutable, or read-only. Somestorage device128 may be internal and connect to thecomputing device100 via abus150. Somestorage device128 may be external and connect to thecomputing device100 via a I/O device130 that provides an external bus. Somestorage device128 may connect to thecomputing device100 via thenetwork interface118 over anetwork104, including, e.g., the Remote Disk for MACBOOK AIR by Apple. Someclient devices100 may not require anon-volatile storage device128 and may be thin clients or zero clients102. Somestorage device128 may also be used as aninstallation device116, and may be suitable for installing software and programs. Additionally, the operating system and the software can be run from a bootable medium, for example, a bootable CD, e.g. KNOPPIX, a bootable CD for GNU/Linux that is available as a GNU/Linux distribution from knoppix.net.
• Client device100 may also install software or application from an application distribution platform. Examples of application distribution platforms include the App Store for iOS provided by Apple, Inc., the Mac App Store provided by Apple, Inc., GOOGLE PLAY for Android OS provided by Google Inc., Chrome Webstore for CHROME OS provided by Google Inc., and Amazon Appstore for Android OS and KINDLE FIRE provided by Amazon.com, Inc. An application distribution platform may facilitate installation of software on a client device102. An application distribution platform may include a repository of applications on a server106 or acloud108, which the clients102a-102nmay access over anetwork104. An application distribution platform may include application developed and provided by various developers. A user of a client device102 may select, purchase and/or download an application via the application distribution platform.
• Furthermore, thecomputing device100 may include anetwork interface118 to interface to thenetwork104 through a variety of connections including, but not limited to, standard telephone lines LAN or WAN links (e.g., 802.11, T1, T3, Gigabit Ethernet, Infiniband), broadband connections (e.g., ISDN, Frame Relay, ATM, Gigabit Ethernet, Ethernet-over-SONET, ADSL, VDSL, BPON, GPON, fiber optical including FiOS), wireless connections, or some combination of any or all of the above. Connections can be established using a variety of communication protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, Ethernet, ARCNET, SONET, SDH, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac CDMA, GSM, WiMax and direct asynchronous connections). In one embodiment, thecomputing device100 communicates withother computing devices100′ via any type and/or form of gateway or tunneling protocol e.g. Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS), or the Citrix Gateway Protocol manufactured by Citrix Systems, Inc. of Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. Thenetwork interface118 may comprise a built-in network adapter, network interface card, PCMCIA network card, EXPRESSCARD network card, card bus network adapter, wireless network adapter, USB network adapter, modem or any other device suitable for interfacing thecomputing device100 to any type of network capable of communication and performing the operations described herein.
• Acomputing device100 of the sort depicted inFIGS. 1B and 1C may operate under the control of an operating system, which controls scheduling of tasks and access to system resources. Thecomputing device100 can be running any operating system such as any of the versions of the MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating systems, the different releases of the Unix and Linux operating systems, any version of the MAC OS for Macintosh computers, any embedded operating system, any real-time operating system, any open source operating system, any proprietary operating system, any operating systems for mobile computing devices, or any other operating system capable of running on the computing device and performing the operations described herein. Typical operating systems include, but are not limited to: WINDOWS 2000, WINDOWS Server 2012, WINDOWS CE, WINDOWS Phone, WINDOWS XP, WINDOWS VISTA, and WINDOWS 7, WINDOWS RT, and WINDOWS 8 all of which are manufactured by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.; MAC OS and iOS, manufactured by Apple, Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.; and Linux, a freely-available operating system, e.g. Linux Mint distribution (“distro”) or Ubuntu, distributed by Canonical Ltd. of London, United Kingdom; or Unix or other Unix-like derivative operating systems; and Android, designed by Google, of Mountain View, Calif., among others. Some operating systems, including, e.g., the CHROME OS by Google, may be used on zero clients or thin clients, including, e.g., CHROMEBOOKS.
• Thecomputer system100 can be any workstation, telephone, desktop computer, laptop or notebook computer, netbook, ULTRABOOK, tablet, server, handheld computer, mobile telephone, smartphone or other portable telecommunications device, media playing device, a gaming system, mobile computing device, or any other type and/or form of computing, telecommunications or media device that is capable of communication. Thecomputer system100 has sufficient processor power and memory capacity to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, thecomputing device100 may have different processors, operating systems, and input devices consistent with the device. The Samsung GALAXY smartphones, e.g., operate under the control of Android operating system developed by Google, Inc. GALAXY smartphones receive input via a touch interface.
• In some embodiments, thecomputing device100 is a gaming system. For example, thecomputer system100 may comprise a PLAYSTATION 3, or PERSONAL PLAYSTATION PORTABLE (PSP), or a PLAYSTATION VITA device manufactured by the Sony Corporation of Tokyo, Japan, a NINTENDO DS, NINTENDO 3DS, NINTENDO WII, or a NINTENDO WIT U device manufactured by Nintendo Co., Ltd., of Kyoto, Japan, an XBOX 360 device manufactured by the Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.
• In some embodiments, thecomputing device100 is a digital audio player such as the Apple IPOD, IPOD Touch, and IPOD NANO lines of devices, manufactured by Apple Computer of Cupertino, Calif. Some digital audio players may have other functionality, including, e.g., a gaming system or any functionality made available by an application from a digital application distribution platform. For example, the IPOD Touch may access the Apple App Store. In some embodiments, thecomputing device100 is a portable media player or digital audio player supporting file formats including, but not limited to, MP3, WAV, M4A/AAC, WMA Protected AAC, AIFF, Audible audiobook, Apple Lossless audio file formats and .mov, .m4v, and .mp4 MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) video file formats.
• In some embodiments, thecomputing device100 is a tablet e.g. the IPAD line of devices by Apple; GALAXY TAB family of devices by Samsung; or KINDLE FIRE, by Amazon.com, Inc. of Seattle, Wash. In other embodiments, thecomputing device100 is a eBook reader, e.g. the KINDLE family of devices by Amazon.com, or NOOK family of devices by Barnes & Noble, Inc. of New York City, N.Y.
• In some embodiments, the communications device102 includes a combination of devices, e.g. a smartphone combined with a digital audio player or portable media player. For example, one of these embodiments is a smartphone, e.g. the IPHONE family of smartphones manufactured by Apple, Inc.; a Samsung GALAXY family of smartphones manufactured by Samsung, Inc; or a Motorola DROID family of smartphones. In yet another embodiment, the communications device102 is a laptop or desktop computer equipped with a web browser and a microphone and speaker system, e.g. a telephony headset. In these embodiments, the communications devices102 are web-enabled and can receive and initiate phone calls. In some embodiments, a laptop or desktop computer is also equipped with a webcam or other video capture device that enables video chat and video call.
• In some embodiments, the status of one or more machines102,106 in thenetwork104 is monitored, generally as part of network management. In one of these embodiments, the status of a machine may include an identification of load information (e.g., the number of processes on the machine, CPU and memory utilization), of port information (e.g., the number of available communication ports and the port addresses), or of session status (e.g., the duration and type of processes, and whether a process is active or idle). In another of these embodiments, this information may be identified by a plurality of metrics, and the plurality of metrics can be applied at least in part towards decisions in load distribution, network traffic management, and network failure recovery as well as any aspects of operations of the present solution described herein. Aspects of the operating environments and components described above will become apparent in the context of the systems and methods disclosed herein.
B. Systems and Methods for Medical Dispensing, Management and Monitoring
• The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for medical dispensing, management and monitoring. According to one aspect, a remote medical management environment can include a medical management system intermediary to a plurality of patients and a plurality of medical care providers. The medical management system can communicate with medical dispensing devices configured to dispense medication to patients. Further, the medical management system can communicate with provider devices through which medical care providers can access medicine related information of patients and provide instructions, which can administer treatment protocols to patients of the medical dispensing devices. The remote medical management environment can allow medical care providers, such as doctors, the ability to remotely manage and administer medications to patients, while at the same time, avoid medicinal drug abuse by patients.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting a medical management environment including amedical management system120 intermediary to a plurality ofpatient devices302A-302N andprovider devices402A-402N. Themedical management system120 can communicate with the plurality ofpatient devices302 via one or more networks. Similarly, themedical management system120 can also communicate with the plurality ofprovider devices302 via one or more networks. Themedical management system120 can include one ormore processors204,memory206, one or morepatient databases210, one ormore provider databases212, amedical manager220 and aprescription manager222. Themedical management system120 can also communicate with one or more third-party data sources240, for example, weather databases, location databases, pharmaceutical drug databases, pharmacy databases, among others.
• Thepatient database210 can include one or more tables storing information related to one or more patients and their corresponding patient devices. The patient database can include information relating to one or more patients registered with themedical management system120. In some implementations, the patient database can store, for each patient, one or more of the patient's name, the patient's identifier unique to the patient, the patient's date of birth, a phone number of the patient, home and work addresses of the patient, information related to the patient's medical records, for example, medical history, medical diagnosis, medical treatments, among others. In addition, the database can include prescription information for the patient, dosage information, allergies of the patient, medical care provider's name, pharmacy name, address and phone number, prescription information, health insurance information, among others. The patient database can also include a patient device identifier unique to the patient device and associated with the patient. The patient database can be maintained by themedical management system120. In some implementations, themedical management system120 can periodically update the patient database. In some implementations, each time themedical management system120 receives information from aprovider device402 of a medical care provider or apatient device302 of a patient, themedical management system120 can identify the patient to which the information corresponds and update thepatient database210 to update an entry of the patient to include the received information.
• Theprovider database212 can include one or more tables storing information related to one or more medical care providers. The patient database can include information relating to one or more medical care providers registered with themedical management system120 to manage and monitor patients and their medications via themedical management system120. In some implementations, theprovider database212 can store, for each provider, one or more of the provider's name, the provider's identifier unique to the provider, the provider's date of birth, a phone number of the provider, home and work addresses of the provider, information related to the provider's medical licensing information, among others. In addition, theprovider database212 can include a list of patients the medical provider is authorized to treat via themedical management system120. Theprovider database212 can be maintained by themedical management system120. In some implementations, themedical management system120 can periodically update theprovider database212. In some implementations, each time themedical management system120 receives information from aprovider device402 of a medical care provider or apatient device302 of a patient, themedical management system120 can identify the medical care provider to which the information corresponds and update theprovider database212 to update an entry of the provider to include the received information.
• Themedical manager220 can include hardware, software or a combination and hardware and software. Themedical manager220 can be a script, program, file, or other software construct, which when executed by theprocessor204, can be configured to communicate with one or morepatient devices302 and one ormore provider devices402. Themedical manager220 can be configured to allow aprovider device402 to remotely dispense, manage and monitor medications provided to a patient via apatient device302.
• Themedical manager220 can be configured to establish communications with theprovider device402. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can initiate a request to communicate with theprovider device402. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can initiate a request to communicate with theprovider device402 in response to a triggering event, for example, receiving a communication request from a patient or a patient device, determining that a patient device is running low on a prescription medication, identifying that a patient of the provider needs the provider's attention, among others. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can receive a request from the provider device to establish a communication link with themedical manager220. The provider may submit a request via the provider device to access a provider dashboard through which the provider can monitor the status of patients and the associatedpatient devices302.
• Themedical manager220 can be configured to provide a user interface to theprovider device402. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can be configured to receive a request from theprovider device402 to access information related to a patient. The request can include identifying information of the medical care provider. Themedical manager220 can perform a lookup in theprovider database212 to validate the identity of the medical care provider and to authenticate theprovider device402 from which the request was received. Themedical manager220 can identify a patient device to which theprovider220 requests access. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can identify the patient device from the request from theprovider device402. In some implementations, responsive to authenticating theprovider device402, themedical manager220 can provide a dashboard on a user interface of the provider device through which the medical care provider can access information related to one or more patients of the medical care provider. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can receive a request to access information related to a patient from the provider device. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can identify one or more conditions that can cause themedical manager220 to trigger a notification to the provider device of the medical care provider. The notification can be specific to a particular patient. For example, responsive to the medical manager determining that a patient device is running out of a medication, themedical manager220 can generate a notification to the provider device of the medical care provider of the patient associated with thepatient device302 to notify the medical care provider to put in a request to refill the prescription medication.
• Themedical manager220 can be configured to retrieve or receive information from the patient devices associated with patients subscribed to themedical management system120. Themedical manager220 can identify, for eachpatient device302, which medications are configured to be dispensed via the patient devices, the times at which medications are dispensed, the type and amount of medication in each channel or cartridge of the patient device, as well as other information relating to the patient device. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can receive location information identifying a location of the patient device, a temperature within each of the medicine cartridges of the patient device, an ambient temperature around the patient device, among others.
• Themedical manager220 can be configured to also receive additional information related to each of the patients. In some implementations, themedical management system120 can communicate with other devices associated with the patient, including wearable devices that may provide physiological feedback or data to themedical management system120. In some implementations, the wearable devices can measure body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, oxygen volume, sugar levels, pH levels in fluids, among others.
• Themedical manager220 can be configured to communicate with a patient communication device, such as a patient's smartphone or tablet, through which themedical manager220 can be configured to send notifications to the patient reminding them to take their medications or to perform one or more tasks. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can be configured to receive data provided by the patient via the patient communication device. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can establish a communication link with the patient communication device, which can serve as a hub for one or more wearable devices monitoring physiological and other data of the patient as well as thepatient device302.
• Themedical manager220 can be configured to actuate one or more components of thepatient device302. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can be configured to send instructions to thepatient device302, which when executed by a processor of thepatient device302, can cause one or more valves or other actuators of thepatient device302 to dispense medications. In some implementations, the instructions can specify a length of time for which to keep the valves open to ensure that a specific amount of medication is dispensed. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can be configured to send instructions to regulate the temperature around one or more of the cartridges within which the medications are stored. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can send instructions to provide cooling to cartridges that include medications that need to be maintained at temperatures below the ambient temperature of thepatient device302 or provide heating to cartridges that include medications that need to be maintained at temperatures above the ambient temperature of thepatient device302.
• Themedical manager220 can be configured to maintain and update records for each patient device. In some implementations themedical manager220 can monitor and track the dispensing of medications to the patient of the patient device. Themedical manager220 can store the medication dispensing activity in one or more databases, such as the patient database. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can monitor and track a time at which the medication was dispensed, an amount of medication dispensed, physiological and other patient related measurements around the time the medication was dispensed, a location at which the medication was dispensed, among others. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can store this information each time medication is dispensed. In some implementations, the patient device may take over the function of monitoring and tracking medication dispensing activity and provide the information to themedical manager220, which can then update the records of thepatient device302 in thepatient database210.
• Theprescription manager222 can be configured to manage prescriptions of the patients subscribed to themedical management system120. Theprescription manager222 can be configured to monitor the amounts of medications remaining in the patient devices such that when one or more medications are running low, theprescription manager222 can be configured to submit requests to the medical care provider and/or one or more pharmacies to refill the prescription. In some implementations, theprescription manager222 can be configured to automatically submit requests to pharmacies for refills. In some implementations, theprescription manager222 can utilize health insurance information of the patient stored in thepatient database210 to submit orders for prescriptions to the pharmacies. Theprescription manager222 can be configured to identify the one or more medications included in each of the cartridges of the patient device. Theprescription manager222 can utilize one or more content sources to determine if any of the medications counteracts with one of the remaining medications in the cartridges or if they include ingredients, compounds, or medications that the patient is allergic to.
• Referring now also toFIG. 3,FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting a patient device configured to dispense medication to a patient. The patient device ormedical dispensing device302 includes one ormore processors304,memory306 and at least onecommunication module308. Thecommunication module308 can include aBluetooth module310, aGPS module312, aRFID module314 and aWiFi module316. In some implementations, thecommunication module308 can include cellular communications module that allows themedical dispensing device302 to communicate with themedical management system120 via cellular networks.
• Themedical dispensing device302 can communicate with themedical management system120 via one or more networks. Themedical dispensing device302 can communicate with themedical management system120 via Bluetooth, WiFi, a wired internet connection, cellular networks, or other communication channels. In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can communicate with themedical management system120 using a patient's smartphone or other device as an intermediary. In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can establish a Bluetooth connection with the patient's mobile device and the patient's mobile device can establish a connection with themedical dispensing device302 via one or more cellular, wired or wireless internet networks. In some implementations in which themedical dispensing device302 utilizes a Bluetooth network, themedical dispensing device302 may operate within a communication range of a paired device, for example, a mobile phone, that is in communication with themedical management system120.
• Themedical dispensing device302 also includes anID module318 configured to validate communication requests received from other devices. This can serve as a security measure to prevent unauthorized devices from tampering with themedical dispensing device302 as well as attempting to access health related information of one or more patients that subscribe to themedical management system120. TheID module318 can also be configured to validate the identity of the patient to which themedical dispensing device302 is assigned. In some implementations, theID module318 can include a fingerprint reader or scanner to receive fingerprint information from the patient and determine if the received fingerprint information matches the patient. Similarly, theID module318 can include an iris scanner to validate the identity of the patient. In some implementations, theID module318 can include a camera for facial recognition based on one or more facial features of the patient. In some implementations, theID module318 can validate a patient based on voice recognition. In some implementations, theID module318 can validate a patient based on voice recognition. In some implementations, theID module318 can validate a patient via a communication link established with a trusted device, such as a smartphone or tablet. In some implementations, the patient can be required to enter a passcode or set of unique characters or gestures on a mobile device in communication with the medical dispensing device.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device may be configured to communicate with a mobile device of the patient to verify the identity of a person accessing or requesting access to the medical dispensing device. For instance, the medical dispensing device may only dispense medication in response to receiving a communication or signal from a paired mobile device that can generate the communication or signal upon verifying the identity of the patient. In some implementations, the mobile device can verify the identity of the patient through facial recognition, fingerprint scanning, passwords, or other security measures that can be received, identified or otherwise incorporated via the mobile device. In this way, there is no need for the medical dispensing device to be designed with an integrated fingerprint scanner, camera to detect facial recognition, or keypad to receive a password from the patient, thereby reducing manufacturing costs of the medical dispensing device.
• The medical dispensing device can be tamper proof. This is to prevent medication abuse and fraud. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device320 can include an alert system that triggers an alert upon determining that the medical dispensing device has been tampered or an attempt to tamper the medical dispensing device was made. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device320 can include one or more security modules. The security modules can include hardware and software to ensure that the medication is dispensed to an authorized user or patient. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can include a user recognition or identification system. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can include a fingerprint reader, an iris scanner, or any other biometric scanner to confirm the identity of the user. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can be password protected. In some implementations the medical dispensing device can only be actuated via a second device, such as a smartphone or tablet, registered with the medical management system.
• In some implementations, the location of the medical dispensing device or the mobile device with which the medical dispensing device can communicate may be monitored. In some implementations, one or more location based policies can be established to ensure additional security. For instance, the medical dispensing device may be configured to only dispense the medicine at predetermined locations, for example, a patient's home, a patient's work location, a hospital or other medical care provider's address, among others. In this way, if the device is stolen or otherwise provided to an unauthorized user, the unauthorized user may be unable to receive medication from the medical dispensing device at locations different from the predetermined locations. In addition, the medical dispensing device may only transmit or receive data from the medical management system at the predetermined locations to reduce security breaches.
• Themedical dispensing device302 also includes one or more cartridges that contain medications to be dispensed. The cartridges can be removable from themedical dispensing device302. In some implementations, the cartridges can be refilled. The cartridges can be shaped and sized to match an opening in the medical dispensing device and may include one or more identifying labels, tags, or other readable or detectable information that the medical dispensing device can read, identify or otherwise detect to ensure the authenticity of the cartridge. This can be used to prevent counterfeit medications or medications provided by unauthorized medical providers. In some implementations, the pharmacy providing the cartridge may include an RFID tag to the cartridge that is encrypted. In some implementations, the cartridge can be tagged in such a way that the cartridge's RFID tag can only be identified by the medical dispensing device associated with the patient for which the medication in the cartridge is prescribed. In some implementations, the cartridge can be made tamper proof such that if an unauthorized attempt to open or otherwise access or damage the cartridge is made, the medication inside the cartridge is destroyed or otherwise tainted or damaged that the medication loses any monetary value to discourage the resale of the medication or the abuse or unprescribed use of the medication. In some implementations, an acid or other compound that destroys the medication may be exposed to the medication.
• The medical dispensing device can include one or more slots or channels within which the cartridges are insertable. Each slot can include atemperature controller340 that is configured to regulate the temperature of the cartridge inserted within the slot. In some implementations, the temperature controller can include a thermoelectric cooler or a heater that can be configured to decrease or increase the temperature of the cartridge or the contents of the cartridge.
• Themedical dispensing device302 can include one or more actuators322a-322nthat are configured to actuate a switch, valve or other regulator that controls the amount of medication that is dispensed from the respective cartridge. The actuators can be configured to allow a certain amount of medication to be dispensed on a per unit time basis. In some implementations, the amount of medication dispensed per unit time may be altered based on various factors, including a size of an opening, the configuration of the actuator, and the amount of time the opening is kept open.
• The actuators332 of themedical dispensing device302 can be configured to be remotely controlled by themedical manager220 of themedical management system120. In some implementations, themedical manager220 can be configured to provide dosage instructions to themedical dispensing device302 and theprocessor304 can be configured to cause the actuators of the corresponding cartridges to be actuated in such a way that the amount of medications dispensed from the cartridges is equivalent to the desired dosage prescribed by the medical care provider. The actuators can be electronically controlled. In some implementations, the actuators can be powered via an on-board battery. In some implementations, the on-board battery can be rechargeable.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can operate using batteries. In some implementations, the batteries may be rechargeable or disposable. In some implementations in which the batteries are rechargeable, the batteries may be charged via a USB cable, via a power supply channel, or via wireless induction. In some implementations, to implement wireless induction, the medical dispensing device can be incorporated with a wireless charging coil, for example, a wireless charging coil supplied by DIGIKEY and manufactured by Wurth Electronics, Inc. In some implementations, the wireless charging coil can be Part Number 76030811, manufactured by Wurth Electronics, Inc. The shape, size and position of the one or more wireless charging coils can be designed to fit within the medical dispensing device.
• Themedical dispensing device302 can include one or more sensors for sensing or monitoring the amount of medication dispensed from each of the cartridges. In some implementations, the sensors can monitor a weight of medication dispensed or a weight of medication remaining in the cartridge after medication is dispensed. In some implementations, the sensors can count a number of pills dispensed. In some implementations, the sensors can monitor a time for which a valve is left open and a flow rate of the medication flowing through the valve. The medical dispensing device can include sensors measuring a quantity of medication remaining in the medical dispensing device. In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can determine an amount of medication remaining in the medical dispensing device based on the amount of medication included in a medicine cartridge and an amount of medication already dispensed since the medicine cartridge was first inserted. The medical dispensing device can be configured to communicate medicine quantity levels to themedical management system120 such that themedical management system120 can submit orders for refills to one or more pharmacies before the medicine cartridge is completely empty.
• Themedical dispensing device302, via theprocessor304, can maintain a monitoring log storing information related to the monitoring of themedical dispensing device302. The monitoring log can store information related to communications received from themedical management system120. The log can store event related information. Examples of events include a medicine dispensing event, a medical care provider device or medical management system establishing communications with the medical dispensing device, an alarm triggering event (in the event of an attempt to tamper the medical dispensing device), location changes of the medical dispensing device, changes to ambient conditions of the medical device, for example, when the medical dispensing device senses a temperature below or above one or more predefined temperatures, detecting low medication levels in one or more cartridges of themedical dispensing device302, among others. The activity logs can identify a date and time at which medication was dispensed, a dosage of medication dispensed as well as any other physiological measurements, for example, temperature, pulse, heart rate, blood pressure, sugar levels, among others, taken around the time the medication was dispensed. In addition to medication dispensing related activity, the activity logs can identify when a medical care provider communicated with the medical dispensing device. In some implementations, the activity logs can include information related to dosage changes as well as changes in the time at which medication is to be administered.
• The medical dispensing device includes an outlet port or opening330 through which medications within the cartridges are dispensed from the medical dispensing device. Theoutlet opening330 can be configured to allow a patient to administer the medication orally. In some implementations, theopening330 can be configured to allow medication to be dispensed in such a way that a patient can apply the medication topically, subcutaneously, pulmonary or intravenously, among others.
• The patient device, otherwise referred to as a medical dispensing device can be configured to allow a medical care provider, for example, a doctor, the ability to remotely monitor, regulate and manipulate medication administration to a patient associated with the patient device. Through the medical dispensing device, the medical care provider can adjust either the dosage of medications or the time at which the medication is administered. In some implementations, the medical care provider may receive feedback through the medical dispensing device or other medical device monitoring the patient and adjust the dosage or time at which to administer medication based on the received feedback. The medical dispensing device can be equipped with a communications module that is configured to communicate with the medical management system through which the medical care provider can remotely communicate with the medical dispensing device. The communications module can include both hardware and software components that allow the medical dispensing device to receive and transmit instructions and information. In some implementations, the communications module can be configured to provide wireless communications, for example, BLUETOOTH, WiFi, cellular communications, among others. In some implementations, the communications module can be configured to communicate with another device, such as a smartphone, tablet, or other device that allows the medical dispensing device to receive and execute instructions received from the medical care provider.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can include a temperature control module to control the temperature of medication within the medical dispensing device. In this way, if the medicine in the medical dispensing device is to be maintained at a particular temperature, and the medical dispensing device is in a location that has an ambient temperature much higher than the temperature at which to maintain the medicine, the medical dispensing device can provide cooling to the medication. Conversely, the medical dispensing device can provide heating to medications that are supposed to be stored or maintained at temperatures higher than the ambient temperature at which the medical dispensing device is located.
• In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can include a thermoelectric cooler, such as one manufactured by CUSTOM THERMOELECTRIC of Bishopville, Md., USA. In some implementations, the thermoelectric cooler can be Part #03201-9G30-08RA manufactured by CUSTOM THERMOELECTRIC or other similar thermoelectric cooler. In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can include one or more heat or cooling tanks that may be positioned adjacent to or around one or more cartridges of themedical dispensing device302. In some implementations, the heating or cooling mechanism can use convection, conduction or radiation. In some implementations, a small convection system may be used to carry air from the thermoelectric cooler to a top portion of the medical dispensing device where the air will be dispersed to the atmosphere. As such, themedical dispensing device302 may include one or more vents through which air can enter and exit the medical dispensing device.
• In some implementations, the thermoelectric cooler can be part of the medical dispensing device. In some implementations, the thermoelectric cooler can be part of the cartridge that may be removable from the medical dispensing device. In some implementations in which the thermoelectric cooler is part of the cartridge, the thermoelectric cooler can be positioned within the cartridge in such a way that when the cartridge is inserted in the medical dispensing device, the thermoelectric cooler can be coupled to a power source of the medical dispensing device that can provide power to the thermoelectric cooler. In some implementations in which the thermoelectric cooler is part of the medical dispensing device, the thermoelectric cooler can be configured or positioned in such a way that the thermoelectric cooler can provide heating or cooling to the cartridge and its contents.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can utilize a fluid channel that includes a thermally conductive fluid, such as alcohol. The fluid channel can be positioned to extend along a side of the medical dispensing device. The fluid channel can be configured to cause heat to dissipate from around the cartridges. In some implementations, the fluid channel can be configured to provide a cooling effect similar to how laptop coolers dissipate heat generated by laptops.
• In some implementations, a temperature sensor positioned within, near or adjacent to the cartridges can detect the ambient temperature around the cartridge. In some implementations, the ambient temperature may be based on weather databases based on location. In some implementations, the location of themedical dispensing device302 can be determined from a GPS module or cellular module of themedical dispensing device302. In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can be configured or otherwise programmed to activate the cooling or heating systems of the medical dispensing device to maintain the temperature around the cartridges at temperatures suitable for storing the medications.
• In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can include one or more audio output components, such as a speaker, configured to emit alerts or transmit voice commands to the patient. In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can communicate with a wireless or wired headphone or speaker to provide voice or audio notifications to the patient. In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can include a microphone through which the patient can communicate with a medical care provider. In this way, patients that had vision or hearing impaired, may be able to locate themedical dispensing device302 as well as receive instructions from a medical care provider remotely. In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can include a screen through which a patient who has impaired hearing can receive instructions.
• In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can also be configured to include one or more input channels through which the medical dispensing device can receive input data from one or more wearable or portable measurement devices measuring physiological and other metrics of the patient. The data received from the measurement devices can be used by themedical dispensing device302 to administer medication to the patient. In some implementations, themedical dispensing device302 can utilize one or more medicine administration policies according to which dosages are administered. These policies can be established by a medical care provider of the patient and provided to themedical dispensing device302 via themedical management system120.
• In some implementations, the medical dispensing device can be configured to report the measured data to themedical management system120. The medical dispensing device can report the measured data periodically or upon a detected triggering event (for example, if the blood sugar level drops below a certain level, or a pulse rate or breathing rate drops below or exceeds a predefined level). Themedical management system120 can be configured to identify triggering events based on the data received and may initiate a communication with the medical care provider alerting the provider of a medical condition.
• The medical care provider, via theprovider device402, can send instructions to the medical dispensing device to administer medication to the patient. In some implementations, theprovider device402 can modify a dosage regimen programmed for the medical dispensing device by sending instructions to themedical dispensing device302 via themedical management system120.
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting a provider device configured to allow a medical care provider to manage medications of patients receiving medication through the patient device ofFIG. 3. Theprovider device402 can include aprocessor404, amemory406, adosage manager408 and auser interface410.
• Thedosage manager408 can be configured to manage, administer and monitor dosage information provided to each of themedical dispensing devices302 of patients of the medical care provider of theprovider device402. Thedosage manager408 can include hardware, software or a combination of both to communicate with each of themedical dispensing devices302 via themedical management system120. Thedosage manager408 can receive instructions from the medical care provider via theuser interface410, which can be provided for display on a display of theprovider device402. The provider can view patient related data on the user interface, including but not limited to current dosage levels of medications, the identity of medications loaded in the cartridges of themedical dispensing device302, as well as data from one or more monitoring devices monitoring patient's vitals, physiological metrics, among others. The provider can send instructions to administer, modify or otherwise alter dosages to themedical dispensing devices302. Thedosage manager408 can receive these instructions and provide instructions to themedical management system120 such that the correct dosage can be administered at themedical dispensing device302.
• While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention described in this disclosure.
• While this specification contains many specific embodiment details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
• Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
• References to “or” may be construed as inclusive so that any terms described using “or” may indicate any of a single, more than one, and all of the described terms.
• Thus, particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

Claims (1)

What is claimed is:

1. A system, comprising:

a processor and a memory including computer-executable instructions, which when executed by the processors, causes the processor to:

establish, via a network, a first connection with a first device and a second connection with a second device;

receive, via the network, one or more packets including a payload that includes data measured via one or more sensors of the second device;

transmit, via the network, the data measured via the one or more sensors of the second device to the first device;

receive, via the network, a request to securely transmit instructions to a third device, the instructions identifying the second device.

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