US20160328580A1

Movatterモバイル変換

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Publication number: US20160328580A1
Application number: US15/150,375
Authority: US
Inventors: Apurva M. Bhansali; Kamal M. Dhanani; Ranjit Kapila
Original assignee: Softex Inc
Current assignee: Softex LLC
Priority date: 2003-08-23
Filing date: 2016-05-09
Publication date: 2016-11-10
Also published as: US20110072520A1; US9336393B2

Abstract

A computer network includes a server and client electronic devices. Registration with a security server permits security operations to be performed on a client electronic device. Security operations may include disabling functionality of the client electronic device or other operations to prevent illegitimate access to or use of the device or data stored thereon. Security operations may be performed in various modes, e.g., remotely, subject to a condition, or on the basis of user instruction. Other embodiments, including systems, apparatuses, and methods, are disclosed.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/903,045, filed on Oct. 12, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,336,393, incorporated herein by reference; which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/484,098, filed on Jul. 11, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,529,635, incorporated herein by reference; which in turn claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/925,161, filed on Aug. 23, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,590,837, incorporated herein by reference; which in turn claims priority under 35 USC §119(e)(1) to Provisional Application No. 60/497,182, filed Aug. 23, 2003, incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Theft of electronic devices containing costly hardware and software has become increasingly common. Such thefts may occur because of the value of the electronic device hardware or for access to information contained on the electronic device's storage accessories such as credit card information, confidential and proprietary business information, and so on. Another use of the stolen device may be to gain access to servers containing confidential information through the electronic device.

Physical attachment of the electronic device to the user or an immovable object is one way of preventing theft. Password protection schemes may also be used to discourage theft or at least stop the thief from accessing the information stored on the electronic device. Motion sensors or alarms placed on the electronic device may be another impediment to the would be thief. However, such techniques do not always prevent theft, are costly and once the electronic device is stolen, do not allow tracking or recovery.

SUMMARY

The problems noted above are solved in large part by the electronic device security and tracking system and method (ESTSM) that includes a plurality of hardware, software and firmware components that cooperate to allow tracking, disabling, and other interaction with the stolen electronic device. The ESTSM electronic device (hereinafter “electronic device”) and the ESTSM server computer system communicate over a communication channel to determine if the user has registered for ESTSM services. The user may be an individual consumer user or a corporate/government user. The corporate/government user's electronic device may be part of a corporation's or government organization's customized ESTSM system. If the electronic device is not registered for ESTSM services, then upon first time power-on and connection to the ESTSM server of the electronic device that includes ESTSM software and firmware, the user is prompted to register for different ESTSM services. Alternatively, ESTSM may remain disabled and the user may register using techniques that include but are not limited to selecting a menu option for registration or selecting an icon on the electronic device's desktop, or via World Wide Web pages from a remote system other than the ESTSM device itself. The electronic device may be a laptop computer, desktop computer, wearable computer, server computer system, personal digital assistant (PDA), cellular telephone, WLAN capable computer, Smart Phone, tablet personal computer, palm top device and so forth. Each of the services may consist of different monthly, yearly or multi-year service fees or a one time fee for the life of the electronic device. After registration is complete, the ESTSM server computer system communicates over the Internet or another communication protocol such as Short Messaging Service (SMS) with the user to determine if an electronic device has been reported stolen. In accordance with some embodiments of the invention, if the device is reported stolen, the ESTSM server may inform the ESTSM device via a secure communications channel to take the appropriate action based on the service options selected by the user (e.g. disabling the electronic device, destroying the storage device (e.g. hard disk drive (HDD)) data, recovering data, encrypting data and more). In some other embodiments of the invention, an automated voice prompting system at a call center or live call center operator after authentication of the user may communicate with the user to perform ESTSM activities. All ESTSM activities performed through the Internet may also be performed by the call center including registration, reporting a system stolen, reporting system has been recovered and so forth.

The ESTSM system may include an electronic device with three components and a server computer system. The three components may be an application component, a non-viewable component and a Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) component. In some embodiments of the invention, the application component includes ESTSM application software that executes under any Windows® operating system (OS). In other embodiments of the invention, the application component software may execute under the Disk Operating System (DOS), Linux operating system, Windows® CE (and its derivatives such as Windows® Mobile, Smart Phone, Pocket PC, and so on), Symbian and Palm operating system and others. In some embodiments of the invention, the application component is responsible for communicating over the Internet with the ESTSM server computer system to determine if the electronic device has been reported stolen. If the device has been reported stolen, the application component along with the ESTSM server computer system will determine what services the user has registered for and will take the appropriate action (e.g. disable the device, communicate identifying information to the server, erase the storage device, recover data, encrypt data, etc).

In some embodiments of the invention, the communication medium may be a messaging protocol such as Short Messaging Service (SMS) used in mobile devices such as cell phones and computers using Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) services from wireless service providers such as Verizon Wireless®. In such systems, the server computer system would inform the application component that the device had been reported stolen without the application component querying the server system to determine if the electronic device has been reported stolen.

In some embodiments of the invention, the non-viewable component may reside in a hidden partition on the hard disk drive HDD. Alternatively, in some other embodiments of the invention, the non-viewable component may reside in the Host Protected Area (HPA) of the HDD that is not accessible by the operating system of the electronic device. The non-viewable component may include a VALIDATOR program that inspects an ESTSM Communications Area (ECA) to determine if the ESTSM application components have run correctly during the last system boot. The non-viewable component may also contain a copy of the original application component software fileset if the files need to be re-installed to the HDD.

ESTSM also consists of a BIOS component that maintains the secured environment of the ESTSM application component. The BIOS component includes a secure nonvolatile area that stores critical information present after electronic device power-off and accessible during electronic device power-on and boot. If only the application component was provided, a simple low level format of the hard disk drive would remove the application and bypass all the security features. ESTSM implements an “application, BIOS and non-viewable component” based solution to electronic device security. The ESTSM BIOS components ensure that a thief cannot bypass or circumvent the ESTSM application from running.

On every boot, the BIOS component will check and ensure that the ESTSM application components have not been deleted or tampered with. If the BIOS component detects a problem with any of the application components, it will restore the components from a special hidden partition on the hard disk drive or from system recovery media. In some embodiments of the invention, the recovery media may be a floppy diskette but in other embodiments the recovery media may be a Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Universal Serial Bus (USB) key storage device, or other storage device accessible during device boot.

In other embodiments of the invention as mentioned above, the electronic device in the ESTSM may include a HDD that contains a HPA. The HPA is not accessible by the operating system of the electronic device or by the user of the electronic device. An ESTSM application component including ESTSM application software may be present on the HDD. The HPA may include an ESTSM non-viewable component. The ESTSM electronic device may also include an ESTSM BIOS component that is capable of communicating with the non-viewable component and application component. An ESTSM server computer system communicates with the other components through an ESTSM Communications Area (ECA) located on the HDD.

In some embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM system may include an electronic device with a BIOS component, an application component and a server computer system. On every boot, the BIOS component will check and ensure that the ESTSM application components have not been deleted or tampered with. If the BIOS component detects a problem with any of the application components, it will assume that the ESTSM application components will be installed by the user of the electronic device. If the application component is not installed after a number of unsuccessful attempts, the BIOS component will prevent the user from accessing the electronic device. The application component may be installed by downloading from the ESTSM website or from recovery media that came with the device.

In some other embodiments of the invention, the electronic device in the ESTSM includes a Flash memory and may be a PDA, mobile cellular telephone or WLAN capable computer. The Flash memory may contain a changeable area and a system area. The system area is not changeable by the user of the electronic device. The ESTSM application software may reside in the changeable area or the system area depending on the security requirements of the device implementation. An ESTSM server computer system communicates to the ESTSM application software on the electronic device through communication channels that may be the Internet, a wireless medium (such as SMS), a combination of the two, and so on. The PDA, mobile cellular telephone or WLAN capable computer may be continuously connected to the ESTSM server computer system through an always-on Internet connection or other mobile device communication protocols such as Short Messaging Service (SMS).

In some embodiments of the invention, a machine-readable medium provides instructions which, when executed by an electronic device, enable the electronic device to perform operations such as accepting a designation of a file stored in the electronic device, and subsequently processing the file according to the designation, wherein the processing is contingent on whether the electronic device has been reported stolen.

In addition to the foregoing, other method, system, and machine-readable medium aspects of the invention are described in the claims, drawings, and text forming a part of the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a screen shot of the registration reminder for the ESTSM;

FIGS. 2A and 2B show screen shots of the service offerings and selection page for the ESTSM;

FIGS. 3A-3C shows screen shots of the user registration and information input pages for the ESTSM;

FIG. 4 shows a screen shot of a new user registration email sent to a user after they have registered their electronic device with ESTSM;

FIG. 5 shows a screen shot of the login page for connecting to ESTSM server computer system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 shows a screen shot of the device registry web page that resides in the ESTSM server computer system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a screen shot of the electronic device status web page that resides in the ESTSM server computer system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 8A-8C show screen shots of web pages that allow a user to report a stolen electronic device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 shows a screen shot of an email containing location identification information for a stolen electronic device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 shows a screen shot from another computer system that can display web pages of a registration web page for ESTSM on a PDA;

FIG. 11 shows a screen shot of the service offerings for an ESTSM enabled PDA using another computer system capable of displaying web pages;

FIG. 12 shows a screen shot for registration of a PDA with ESTSM in accordance with one embodiment of the invention that requests the user enter the registration key on their PDA;

FIG. 13 shows for one embodiment of the invention a screen shot from a Pocket PC requesting the user enter the registration key shown inFIG. 12;

FIG. 14 shows a screen shot from a Pocket PC displaying a confirmation key generated after the user enters the registration key;

FIG. 15 shows a screen shot from a computer system capable of displaying web pages of Pocket PC verification requesting the user enter the confirmation key from the Pocket PC display;

FIG. 16 shows a screen shot from a computer system capable of displaying web pages of a successful registration message for a PDA;

FIG. 17 shows a screen shot from a computer system capable of displaying web pages indicating that the PDA is currently secured;

FIG. 18 shows a screen shot of the user authentication screen in accordance with one embodiment of the ESTSM invention that may be used by a call center operator to verify the identity of a user;

FIG. 19 shows a screen shot of the welcome page for corporate administration of ESTSM;

FIG. 20 shows a screen shot of corporate information input and modification by the administrator;

FIG. 21 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to register a user for ESTSM;

FIG. 22 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to remove a user's access to ESTSM;

FIG. 23 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to purchase licenses for services in ESTSM;

FIG. 24 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to purchase licenses to upgrade or modify services in ESTSM;

FIG. 25 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to give permission to users to report their computer stolen in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 26 shows a screen shot of a web page showing menu options selectable by a corporate administrator for administration of ESTSM;

FIG. 27 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to create a corporate ESTSM account and register a super-user;

FIGS. 28A and 28B show screen shots of a web page requesting a corporate administrator to enter a purchase order quotation number for basic or upgraded ESTSM services;

FIG. 29 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to send an email to a user indicating activation of ESTSM;

FIG. 30 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to reset a login and password for a user;

FIG. 31 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to override ESTSM on an electronic device using a generated password;

FIG. 32 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to stop a machine or user from accessing ESTSM services;

FIG. 33 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to view the status of an electronic device using the machine id or a user login assigned to the device;

FIG. 34 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to recover an electronic device that has been reported stolen using a generated password;

FIG. 35 shows a screen shot of a web page that allows a corporate administrator to change the settings of the ESTSM server;

FIGS. 36A and 36B show screen shots of web pages that allow a corporate administrator to change administrator login and master passwords;

FIG. 37 shows the state transitions of an electronic device from a not registered state to registered and active state;

FIG. 38 shows the state transitions of an electronic device from a not registered state to registered and active state with the device passing through a never remind state;

FIG. 39 shows the state transitions of an electronic device from a registered and active state to deregistered state;

FIG. 40 shows the state transitions of an electronic device with ESTSM that is reported stolen and then recovered;

FIG. 41 shows the state transitions of an electronic device from a registered and active state to override state;

FIG. 42 shows the states of an electronic device registered and active with ESTSM and including the data destroy service;

FIG. 43 shows the states of an electronic device registered and active with corporate ESTSM in which the corporate user of the device is removed from ESTSM;

FIG. 44 shows the architecture of ESTSM including an electronic device and server computer system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 45 shows the architecture of ESTSM in accordance with some other embodiments of the invention for PDA or mobile phone connected to server computer system;

FIG. 46 shows another embodiment of the ESTSM architecture including an electronic device and server computer system;

FIG. 47 shows another embodiment of the ESTSM architecture including an electronic device with a WWW component and server computer system;

FIG. 48 shows the architecture of ESTSM in accordance with another embodiment of the invention for an electronic device with Short Messaging Service (SMS) connected to server computer system;

FIG. 49 shows a schematic of a computer system that includes a BIOS component, application component and non-viewable component in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 50 shows a schematic of a cellular telephone that includes an application component in a system area in accordance with another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 51 shows a schematic of the ESTSM server computer system ofFIGS. 44-47 in more detail in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 52 shows the connections between the primary and secondary servers contained in the web server ofFIG. 51 in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 53 is a flow diagram of the BIOS component of the ESTSM in accordance with some embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 54 is a flow diagram of the VALIDATOR program in the non-viewable component of the ESTSM in accordance with some embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 55 is a flow diagram of the application component of the ESTSM in accordance with some embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 56 shows encrypted and encoded communication between a client electronic device and the ESTSM server computer system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 57 shows encryption and encoding of information by the client electronic device and decoding and decryption of information by the server computer system;

FIG. 58 is a flow diagram implemented in the client and server for encoding binary data into text format data in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 59 is a flow diagram implemented in the client and server for decoding text format data into binary data in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 60 is a flow diagram showing encryption and encoding of SMS messages from SMS server to SMS enabled ESTSM electronic device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 61 is a flow diagram showing decoding and decryption of SMS messages in accordance with some embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 62A is a flow diagram showing integration of ESTSM BIOS image files into system BIOS of the electronic device in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 62B is a flow diagram showing integration of the ESTSM option ROM into a BIOS binary image;

FIG. 63 shows in accordance with another embodiment of the invention integration of ESTSM BIOS image files into electronic device system BIOS using BIOS editor;

FIG. 64 shows in accordance with another embodiment of the invention integration of ESTSM BIOS image files into electronic device system BIOS using BIOS Configuration utility;

FIG. 65 show screen shots of the service offerings for the ESTSM mobile device;

FIG. 66 shows screen shots of the user registration and information input pages for the ESTSM mobile device such as a Smart Phone;

FIG. 67 shows a screen shot from a computer system capable of displaying web pages of a successful registration message for a mobile device;

FIG. 68 shows a screen shot of the mobile device status web page that resides in the ESTSM server computer system in accordance with some embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 69 shows a screen shot of the backup files web page for a mobile device that resides in the ESTSM server computer system in accordance with some embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 70 shows a screen shot from a mobile device indicating that the device has been disabled;

FIG. 71 is a flow diagram showing implementation of ESTSM on mobile devices;

FIG. 72 shows the state transitions of a mobile device with SMS messages for activation and operation of ESTSM services;

FIG. 73 is a flow diagram depicting a process for data encryption and data recovery; and

FIG. 74 depicts a screen shot of a desktop showing files and folders designated as encrypted files and folders and as critical files and folders.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The ESTSM consumer user (i.e. non-corporate user) experience consists of two phases: (1) the registration phase and (2) administration phase via the ESTSM website. In the registration phase, the user creates an account with ESTSM, specifies what ESTSM services he wishes to purchase, and provides user and billing information to complete the registration.

Once registration is complete, the typical user will not interact with ESTSM until the electronic device is stolen. At that time, the user can log into the ESTSM website. Once logged in, the user can report the device as stolen, disable the device, or perform other device administration tasks. The user may also initiate all ESTSM device administration tasks through a call center that can validate the identity of the user and perform administrative tasks on the user's behalf.

After registration is complete, the ESTSM server computer system communicates over the Internet with the user to determine if the electronic device has been reported stolen. In accordance with some embodiments of the invention, if the device is reported stolen, the ESTSM server will instruct the electronic device to take the appropriate action based on the service options selected by the user (e.g. disabling the electronic device, destroying the hard disk drive (HDD) data, recovering data, encrypting data and more).

When the user purchases the electronic device, the ESTSM components may be pre-installed by the manufacturer of the electronic device. In some embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM registration screen shown inFIG. 1 will come up when the user starts using his electronic device and the ESTSM system determines that the electronic device is not registered. The ESTSM system determines if the electronic device is registered or not by communicating with the ESTSM server computer system.

In some embodiments of the invention, the user may request the manufacturer of the device to preregister the user for ESTSM services after the manufacturer builds the electronic device. In some alternative embodiments of the invention, the device may be preregistered for ESTSM services at the location (e.g. retail store) where the device is purchased. In some embodiments of the invention, the initial fees for the ESTSM services as described below may be included by the manufacturer in the price of the electronic device or may be discounted as a sales promotion for the device.

In some other embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM system may be provided to the manufacturer of the electronic device without charge or for a very small fee. The user of the device may select the ESTSM services they want and the revenue generated may be shared by the manufacturer and ESTSM administrator. Thus, the user may “opt-in” to purchase the ESTSM services. In some embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM services may be offered to the user of the electronic device on a trial basis for a limited time.

The user can proceed with the registration process at this point, or choose to register at a later time or never. If the user chooses to register at a later time, the ESTSM will remain disabled and the user may register using techniques that include but are not limited to selecting a menu option for registration or selecting an icon on the electronic device's desktop. If the user proceeds with the registration process, the user will be asked to specify if they are a “new user” or an “existing user” that has other electronic devices running ESTSM. The next stage as shown inFIGS. 2A and 2B is to choose the ESTSM services for the electronic device.

FIGS. 2A and 2B shows the service selection screen that may include the cost of each service and the number of services offered. The services offered and the cost of each service may vary based on the manufacturer and model of the electronic device, the market segment of the electronic device (i.e. business device, home use device) and what the manufacturer has chosen to include for the device. Some manufacturers may want to change the pricing of the services, or offer bundled services to the user. For some embodiments of the invention, as shown below, is a list of the typical services available to the user and the associated costs.

- 1. Basic Service—with this service the user has the ability to have the electronic device disabled when it is stolen. However, the location of the stolen electronic device is not tracked and no other operation is performed.
- 2. Tracking Service—with this service, the location of the stolen electronic device will be tracked and the location report information is sent to the user of the electronic device via email (or the user can call a monitoring station to get the information). There are two sub-options under the tracking service: Track-and-Disable or Continuous Track. In the Track-and-Disable option, the location of the electronic device is captured one time and then the electronic device is disabled. In the Continuous Track option, the location of the electronic device is constantly tracked until the user manually disables the electronic device from the ESTSM website. Electronic devices such as cell phones because they are mobile and cannot be easily tracked may not offer this service.
- 3. Data Destroy Service—with this service, the hard disk of the stolen electronic device is erased when the thief connects the electronic device to the Internet. This service has two sub-options: (1) Automatically Erase when the electronic device is connected to the Internet, or (2) Manual Erase, the user must manually specify when to erase the hard disk drive via the ESTSM website.
- 4. Third Party Insurance Signup—with this service, ESTSM will re-direct the user to the website of third party companies that will assist the user in signing up for theft and damage replacement insurance for their electronic device.

In some embodiments of the invention, due to the extendible design of ESTSM, new services can be added. Such services may be made available through the ESTSM registration process, for example. For instance, as illustrated inFIG. 2B, the ESTSM system may allow users to register for data encryption services, as well as data recovery services.

FIG. 73 is a flow diagram depicting a process for data encryption and data recovery.FIG. 74 depicts a screen shot of a desktop showing files and folders designated as encrypted files and folders and as critical files and folders.

1. Data Encryption Service

With this service, the ESTSM system allows the user to select files and/or folders to be protected by encryption. For instance, the user could create a file folder called “My Encrypted Files” on the desktop of the electronic device, and then select that folder to be protected by encryption by the ESTSM system. Consequently, the ESTSM system will cause all files that are saved into this folder to be encrypted. For example, the ESTSM system may use encryption techniques built into the operating system. Furthermore, the ESTSM system may deny access to the folder unless the system is connected to the Internet and the electronic device has not been reported stolen. However, if the system is not connected to the Internet, the user can optionally enter the ESTSM username and password to get access to the folder. In other words, the ESTSM system does not decrypt any protected file unless (a) the electronic device is connected to the Internet and the electronic device has not been reported stolen or (b) the user has entered the proper ESTSM username and password. For purposes of this document, files and folders that are protected in this manner may be referred to as “ESTSM protected” or “ESTSM encrypted.” The ESTSM system may also allow the user to designate individual files for ESTSM encryption.FIG. 73 depicts a desktop showing a folder named “My Encrypted Files” and a file named “Encrypted File 1.” The user may use any other suitable names, as desired, but once the user has selected an individual file or an entire folder for ESTSM encryption, the ESTSM system will protect those selected objects as indicated above.

2. Data Recovery Service

This service will allow a user to specify critical files and folders, and in the case of theft of the electronic device, the ESTSM software will first save these files and folders from the electronic device to the ESTSM server computer system, before performing other service option actions (such as disabling the electronic device). Consequently, the user can recover those files from the ESTSM server computer system. For purposes of this document, files and folders that are protected in this manner may be referred to as “ESTSM protected” or “ESTSM critical.” In one example, the user could create a file folder called “My Critical Files” on the desktop of the electronic device, and the user could then select that folder as a critical folder for the ESTSM system. Consequently, if the electronic device is reported stolen, the ESTSM system will cause all files that have been saved into this folder to be copied or saved from the electronic device to the ESTSM server computer system, before performing other service option actions. As with ESTSM encrypted files, the ESTSM system may also allow the user to designate or flag individual files as ESTSM critical.FIG. 73 depicts a desktop showing a folder named “My Critical Files” and files named “Critical File 1” and “Critical File 2.” The user may use any other suitable names, as desired, but once the user has selected an individual file or an entire folder as ESTSM critical, the ESTSM system will protect those selected objects as indicated above.

Any suitable technique may be used to select files and folders for ESTSM protection. For instance, the user may select an option provided on a right-click menu, the user may move a file or folder into another folder that has already been selected for ESTSM protection, the user may move or copy a shortcut pointer for a file or folder into an ESTSM protected folder, etc.

In some embodiments, once a file or folder has been selected for ESTSM protection, the icon of that file or folder is modified accordingly. For instance, if a file has been selected as ESTSM critical, the icon may indicate that the file will be saved or recovered if the electronic device is stolen. Similarly, the icon for a file selected for ESTSM encryption may indicate that the file is so protected. In one embodiment, ESTSM protected files may reside anywhere on the HDD of the electronic device.

Referring again toFIG. 73, the illustrated process begins with a determination of whether the ESTSM system has received or detected user input selecting a file or folder for ESTSM protection, as shown atblock7302. As shown atblock7304, if such user input has been received, the ESTSM system applies the selected security option. For instance, if the file has been selected for ESTSM encryption, the ESTSM system encrypts it and adds it to the list of ESTSM encrypted file, or if the file has been selected as critical, the ESTSM system adds it to the list of ESTSM critical file.

As indicated, atblock7306, the ESTSM system may then determine whether the electronic device is attempting to process a protected file. For instance, the ESTSM system may detect whenever the user is trying to open a file that has been protected by ESTSM encryption. If processing of a protected file has been requested, the ESTSM system determines whether the electronic device is connected to the Internet and whether the electronic device has been reported stolen, as indicated at

block

7310 and7320. If the electronic device is not connected to the Internet or if the electronic device has been reported stolen, the ESTSM system prevents the requested processing, as shown atblock7322. For instance, if a user is trying to open a protected file for editing with a word processing application, the ESTSM system may refrain from decrypting that file, thereby preventing the user from viewing or changing the corresponding unencrypted content. On the other hand, if the device is connected and it has not been reported stolen, the ESTSM system may automatically decrypt the ESTSM encrypted file to allow the user to access that file, as indicated atblock7330.

In one embodiment, to implement some or all of the functionality described herein for ESTSM protected files and folders, the ESTSM system uses hooks provided by the OS to intercept file operations. For instance, for platforms using a Microsoft Windows® OS, the ESTSM system may use Windows Shell Extension application programming interfaces (APIs). Other types of platforms may use other types of hooks. These hooks may allow the ESTSM system to add functionality such as (a) displaying customized icons on the screen to representing certain types of files (e.g., files with an extension of “opef”); and (b) intercepting user input and take appropriate action when the user clicks such an icon or performs other operations on it. For example, the ESTSM system may first check the server to see if the device has been reported stolen; and if the device is stolen, instead of decrypting the file and opening it, the ESTSM system may display an error or warning to the user. If the system is not stolen, the ESTSM system may then proceed to decrypt the file and open it in the corresponding application (e.g., opening a “.doc” file in Microsoft® WORD, etc).

However, as described above and illustrated atblock7312, in one embodiment, if the electronic device is not connected to the Internet or if the electronic device has been reported stolen, the ESTSM system may yet allow the user to access the file, provided that the user first enters the proper credentials, such as a valid ESTSM user id and/or password, a valid OS userid and/or password, a smartcard, a biocredential such as a fingerprint scan, etc.

In addition, as shown at

blocks

7340,7342, and7344, in response to a determination that the electronic device has been reported stolen, the ESTSM system may automatically save a copy of each ESTSM critical file and folder from the electronic device to the ESTSM server. As indicated atblock7342, the electronic device may determine which files to save based on a list of files received from the remote server in conjunction with the message indicating that the electronic device has been reported stolen.

In one embodiment, before the electronic device has been reported stolen, when the ESTSM system receives user input selecting a file for protection processing, the ESTSM system transmits identification information for the selected file from the electronic device to the remote server. Then, after the electronic device has been reported stolen, the ESTSM system automatically receives identification information for the selected file from the remote server. In response, the ESTSM system automatically processes the file according to the selected protection processing, based on the identification information for the selected file received from the remote server. For instance, if the remote server sends the electronic device (a) theft information indicating that the electronic device has been reported stolen and (b) file information indicating that the user has selected a particular file for automatic backup/recovery, the electronic device may respond by automatically copying that particular file to the remote server.

After the ESTSM system has determined whether the electronic device has been reported stolen and responded accordingly, the process ofFIG. 73 may then end. The process may then return to block7302 or to other blocks, such asblock4250 ofFIG. 42 orblock7225 ofFIG. 72, with the ESTSM system disabling the electronic device or taking other action, as appropriate.

In some embodiments of the invention, most of ESTSM services are based on a yearly fee model. Some services such as data recovery may be billed on a per megabyte basis—that is, the user indicates the number of megabytes to be recovered during registration and is billed accordingly. However, if the electronic device is stolen and during data recovery more megabytes are recovered, then a one time fee is charged to the user. The user will automatically be billed at the end of the year to renew the service for one more year. The user will be sent an email before billing to give the user a chance to cancel the service if they wish.

The next stage in the registration phase is to create the username and password as shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B that can be used to log onto the ESTSM website to report a stolen electronic device, etc. Once that is completed, the user must provide his user information (name, address, phone number, and so forth) as shown inFIG. 3C so that the monitoring station can identify the user if the user calls the monitoring station to report a theft.

The final part of the registration phase is to provide the billing information for the ESTSM services. This requires the input of a credit card number, debit card number, or checking account number. The information is then validated, the credit card or other billing means is charged and a confirmation email as shown inFIG. 4 is sent to the end user, corporation or insurance company that just completed the registration. The user will have to click a link at the end of the email to activate the ESTSM on that electronic device. In some embodiments of the invention, periodic ESTSM service charges may be billed by adding these charges to the existing electronic device bill. For example, ESTSM monthly service charges may be added to the users' existing mobile phone bill for ESTSM registered mobile phones.

As mentioned above, ESTSM provides a website from which the user may administer the ESTSM services on the electronic device. In some embodiments of the invention, corporate users may have limited administrative capabilities because of their access permissions (described in more detail below). As shown inFIG. 5, the user must first log into the website using the username and password that was created during the registration phase. A user without access to the Internet (i.e. his electronic device was stolen), can call the ESTSM monitoring station to perform the administrative functions described below for the electronic device.

Once the user has logged into the ESTSM website, the main ESTSM menu in accordance with some embodiments of the invention is presented as shown in the left hand portion ofFIG. 6. In some embodiments of the invention, corporate and noncorporate users may have different ESTSM menus.

The “Device Registry” portion of the page inFIG. 6 shows all the electronic devices the user currently has registered with ESTSM. By clicking on a device image from the “Device Registry” page of the ESTSM website, the user is taken to the “Device Status” page shown inFIG. 7. On the “Device Status” web page for each device, the user can perform the following tasks: (1) View the status of the user's electronic devices running ESTSM; (2) Report an electronic device stolen; (3) Recover and re-enable a stolen system that has been found; (4) Upgrade or change the ESTSM service options; (5) Show the Billing and Electronic Device Location/Status Logs; (6) Perform User Management functions such as changing the user information, password and billing information; and (7) Perform Data Management functions such as viewing recovered data and transferring recovered data to another device.

As shown inFIG. 7, the “Device Status” page shows for each electronic device, the Model Name, System Description, Current State, ESTSM Services Active on the Device, and Last Connection to ESTSM Server. Depending on the Current State and the services selected by the user, certain task buttons will appear below the electronic device information. These task buttons let you perform different operations on the device (e.g. report the electronic device stolen and so forth). As shown inFIG. 7, the user may click on the button labeled “Report Stolen” to start the process of reporting an electronic device stolen. The user will be taken to the “Report a Stolen Device” web pages shown inFIGS. 8A-8C. The user fills out the information on the web page to generate a theft incident report and the ESTSM site will log this report so that it may be given later to the appropriate authorities as proof of filing the theft incident report. This documentation may be provided to the user upon request.

Once the report is completed, the electronic device will be put in the REPORTED STOLEN state (states of ESTSM are described in detail below). At this point, if the electronic device is connected to the Internet, the electronic device state will change to either BEING TRACKED or DISABLED state.

In some other embodiments of the invention, mobile devices such as cell phones, Smart Phones, and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) capable computers that may be always connected to the ESTSM server and contacted at anytime by the server can communicate through a message passing scheme. Message passing schemes may be SMS, WWW message passing protocol based on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), or Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS). The state diagram for mobile devices is shown inFIG. 72.

If the electronic device is in the BEING TRACKED state, the user will receive an email, an example of which is shown inFIG. 9, documenting the location of the stolen electronic device. This location information may contain the following information: (1) IP address of the stolen electronic device (2) domain name on the Internet of the stolen electronic device (3) owner of the domain name (4) contact information for the domain name owner (5) name and contact information of the Internet Service Provider (ISP) and (6) date and time of IP address connection.

With this information, the user may pursue recovery with the appropriate authorities. The information provided may be used to track the exact location of the electronic device. For example, ISPs may identify the network port, cable modem or phone number from which the electronic device was connected when provided with the IP address, date and time of the connection. A location tracking report email will be sent to the user each time the electronic device is connected to the Internet. If the “Track and Disable” service option is selected, by the user, then only one tracking location will be recorded since the electronic device will be automatically disabled once the location is recorded.

In some embodiments of the invention, ESTSM registration as shown inFIG. 10 for a PDA, mobile cellular telephone, or Smart Phone device may be performed using another computer system that can display ESTSM registration web pages. In some embodiments of the invention, a different set of ESTSM services as shown inFIG. 11 may be offered for the PDA. Thus, the manufacturer may offer, but not be limited to, a Basic service and a Data backup service for the device as shown inFIG. 11.

After the user has selected the ESTSM services for their PDA, in some embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM system as shown inFIG. 12 may request that the user interact with the ESTSM application on the PDA and enter the registration key into the device as shown inFIG. 13. Entering the registration key into the device may be the first step to start a multi-step registration process that ensures that the correct electronic device is being registered. The PDA will then display a confirmation key as shown inFIG. 14. The user through the computer system capable of displaying ESTSM web pages may then enter into the PDA verification screen shown inFIG. 15 the confirmation key and a system description. The registration process for the PDA is successfully completed as shown inFIG. 16 and the device is secured as shown inFIG. 17. In some other embodiments of the invention, ESTSM registration may not require any user intervention with the ESTSM electronic device except an acknowledgement from the user at the end of the successful registration.

In some embodiments of the invention, an automated voice prompting system at a call center or live call center operator after authentication of the user as shown inFIG. 18 may communicate with the user to perform ESTSM activities. All ESTSM activities performed through the Internet may also be performed by the call center including registration, reporting a system stolen, reporting system has been recovered and so forth.

In most business or government organizations, a central IT staff is responsible for configuring, maintaining and purchasing licenses for electronic devices. ESTSM is designed to work easily in controlled corporate or government environments. Electronic devices registered to corporations or government entities using corporate/government registration may contain a different set of administration pages and user pages as compared to non-corporate users. In some embodiments of the invention, the corporate web pages may be as shown inFIGS. 19-25. Web pages for government entities would be similar to the corporate web pages shown inFIGS. 19-25. Corporate ESTSM systems may be designed to be centrally maintained and administered as required by corporate customers. When a corporate account is created, a central administrator or manager is specified. The central manager can then create other managers and users and purchase and assign licenses to these managers and users as shown inFIGS. 21 and 23-24. As shown inFIG. 21, the central manager can assign user permissions to other managers. Thus, the corporation can control which users are allowed to report stolen electronic devices as shown inFIG. 25, remove users as shown inFIG. 22, purchase more licenses, upgrade services, etc.

For electronic devices registered to corporations or government entities, the ESTSM may contain the user's position within the company and associate user permissions with that position as shown inFIG. 21. Thus, if a user leaves the company, the electronic device may be assigned to another employee transparently and without any change in service fees. The ex-employees account information on ESTSM may be disabled and removed as shown inFIG. 22, so that the ex-employee may not falsely report an electronic device stolen to disable access to the device.

Some embodiments of the registration and administration technique for electronic devices in ESTSM for corporations is shown inFIGS. 26-36B. A corporate administrator may access the ESTSM server computer system located in the monitoring station by calling the monitoring station or through the Internet. In some embodiments of the invention, the corporation or government entity may have the ESTSM server computer system located within their own premises for greater security and control. In this embodiment of the invention, the administrator can access the server system through a terminal connected to the server or from a computer system at a remote site connected to the server system through the Internet.

The corporate or government entity can setup a corporate account to use ESTSM. The corporation or government entity can purchase services licenses in “bulk” (i.e. 100 Data Destroy Services, 50 Tracking Services, etc). The licenses can be paid for via standard purchasing methods such as Purchase Orders as shown inFIGS. 28A and 28B, net 30 day terms, etc. The corporation or government entity receives a license number for each purchase. This license number is given to the end users in the corporate or government entity who will consume the license. Alternatively, the corporation or government entity may pay a non-recurring one time fee for individual services.

The corporate or government end user will register in a similar fashion as described above. However, in some embodiments of the invention, when creating the username and password, the user can enter the license number for the “License Number” field as shown inFIG. 3A. In this embodiment of the invention, the end user will not be required to select the services as they will be determined by the services paid for in the license number. Also, the end user will not have to provide a credit card or other form of payment.

The administrator of the corporate or governmental ESTSM account can manage and configure the electronic devices in the corporation or government entity that have the ESTSM application installed. Thus, for example, the administrator may re-send an activation email to a user of an ESTSM enabled electronic device as shown inFIG. 29 or send a login and password reminder to the user as shown inFIG. 30. The administrator may override an individual user's access to an electronic device as shown inFIG. 31, deregister an electronic device from the ESTSM system, or remove user access to ESTSM enabled electronic devices as shown inFIG. 32. The current state of the electronic device (ACTIVE, REPORTED STOLEN, BEING TRACKED, DISABLED, HALF-RECOVERED, and so on as described in detail below) registered with ESTSM may be viewed by the corporate or government administrator by entering the machine id, the login id of the user, mobile phone number, or any other ESTSM device specific identification as shown inFIG. 33. The administrator can also perform other administrative tasks such as recover an ESTSM enabled system as shown inFIG. 34, change server settings as shown inFIG. 35, or change the administrator login password or administrator master password as shown inFIGS. 36A and 36B.

The administrator may add new users to the ESTSM system and designate the rights and permissions of users so that these users have administrator capabilities. Users on a corporate or governmental ESTSM account may heave permission to report their ESTSM device stolen, perform user management functions, and so forth.

As mentioned above and shown inFIG. 7, the “Device Status” page displays task buttons below the electronic device information. The task buttons displayed depend on the current state of ESTSM and the services selected by the user. The task buttons let the user perform different operations on the device (e.g. report the electronic device stolen and so forth).

Each electronic device can have one of the following current states: ACTIVE, REPORTED STOLEN, BEING TRACKED, DISABLED and HALF-RECOVERED. The definition of each of the states is given below:

- 1. ACTIVE—This state indicates that ESTSM is actively running on the electronic device. The electronic device has not been reported stolen.
- 2. REPORTED STOLEN—This state indicates that the electronic device has been reported stolen by the user, but the electronic device in some embodiments of the invention has not communicated with the ESTSM server after being reported stolen.
- 3. BEING TRACKED—This state indicates that the electronic device has been reported stolen by the user and the electronic device has communicated with the ESTSM server. The ESTSM server has captured location information of the stolen device. Once the system is in the BEING TRACKED state, other actions can be performed such as disabling the electronic device (if the Continuous Track option has been selected) or erasing the hard disk drive (if Manual Data Destroy Service has been selected).
- 4. DISABLED—The stolen electronic device has been disabled by ESTSM. The system is now in the locked state and can not be used. If the system is recovered by the user, they will need to obtain the activation password to re-enable access to the electronic device.
- 5. HALF-RECOVERED—This state indicates that the electronic device has not been totally recovered. The user of the electronic device has reported that the device has been recovered. The user must enter the activation password on the electronic device to re-enable access.

The ESTSM system may also be in one of these other states:

- 1. NOT REGISTERED—The electronic device is not registered with the ESTM system. The device will be in this state if the user chooses not to register with ESTSM when prompted to do so upon first time power-on of the electronic device.
- 2. DE-REGISTERED—ESTSM is no longer active on this electronic device. The user may want to put the electronic device in this state in the event that the transfer of electronic device from one user to another is to take place. Once the electronic device is placed in the DE-REGISTERED state, the user must re-register the electronic device (which may involve re-paying service fees) to re-activate the electronic device.
- 3. USER REMOVED—For users of a corporate ESTSM system, the ESTSM corporate administrator may remove a user's access rights to the ESTSM system. This situation may occur when the user leaves the company.
- 4. NEVER REMIND—This state indicates that the user of the electronic device does not want to be reminded to register with the ESTSM system. This state may be entered if the user activates the “Never Remind” option in the registration process. After activating “Never Remind”, the user may register with ESTSM by manually selecting “Register Now” option on the ESTSM application icon and successfully completing the registration process.
- 5. REGISTERED NOT ACTIVATED—In this state the user has successfully registered the electronic device through the registration process but has not clicked on the link sent with the activation email to complete the registration process.
- 6. GOING TO DISABLE—This state indicates that the user has selected the “Disable” option after the electronic device has been reported stolen and is being tracked.
- 7. OVERRIDE—This state indicates that ESTSM has been disabled temporarily by the user. This may be because the application component is not able to communicate with the ESTSM server computer system. To use the electronic device while in this state, the user enters an activation password when prompted with a warning.
- 8. ERASE HARDDISK—This state indicates that the user selected “Data Destroy Services” option when registering with the ESTSM system. This state is entered after the user reports the electronic device as stolen and the device is connected to the Internet and tracked.
- 9. ACTIVATION PENDING—A message has been sent to the electronic device and the ESTSM server is waiting for an acknowledgment.
- 10. DISABLED DATA BACKUP—This state indicates that the electronic device is disabled after the data on the electronic device has been backed up.
- 11. ACTIVE DATA BACKUP—This state indicates that the device has been re-enabled after it was in the DISABLED DATA BACKUP state and a successful acknowledgment is received from the electronic device. In this state, the user may restore the data back on the electronic device from the backup on the ESTSM server.
- 12. BACKUP IN PROGRESS—In this state the electronic device has been disabled and the ESTSM server is in the process of getting the data from the device.
- 13. RESTORE IN PROGRESS—The user has requested that the data backed up on the ESTSM server be restored into the electronic device and the restore is in progress.
- 14. ENABLE PENDING—This state indicates that the stolen electronic device has been re-enabled and the ESTSM server has sent the message to the electronic device and is awaiting acknowledgment.
- 15. ENABLE AFTER RECOVERY—This state indicates that the electronic device was enabled from either the BACKUP IN PROGRESS state or the DISABLED DATA BACKUP state. The electronic device is sent a message and the state is changed after receiving a confirmation.

Turning now toFIGS. 37-44 andFIG. 72, state diagrams including the states described above and the conditions to enter and exit the states are shown.FIG. 37 shows the states and transitions of an electronic device in ESTSM from a not registered state to registered and active state. After the user goes through theregistration process3720, an electronic device in the not registeredstate3710 transitions into the registered and not activatedstate3730. Once the user clicks on anactivation email3740 on the electronic device or calls an activation telephone number, the device becomes registered and activated3750.

Referring toFIG. 38, the states and transitions of an electronic device in ESTSM from a not registeredstate3810 to registered and active state with the device passing through a never remind state are shown. If the user clicks the never remind option shown inFIG. 1, theelectronic device transitions3820 to the never remindstate3830. Next, if the user at a later time decides to manually register (i.e. in some embodiments of the invention by clicking on an ESTSM application icon on the graphical interface of the device and going through registration process3840), the electronic device is placed into a registered and not activatedstate3850. Once the user clicks on anactivation email3860 on the electronic device or calls an activation telephone number, the device becomes registered and activated3870.

Referring toFIG. 39, the states and transitions of an electronic device in ESTSM from a registered and active state to deregistered state are shown. The user may decide they no longer want ESTSM services and select the “Stop ESTSM”option3920 shown inFIG. 7. The electronic device that was previously in the registered andactive state3910 will transition to the deregisteredstate3930 after selection of “Stop ESTSM.”

Referring toFIG. 41, the states and transitions of an electronic device in ESTSM from a registered andactive state4110 to overridestate4130 are shown. As described above, to continue using the electronic device if the Application component on the electronic device is unable to communicate with the ESTSM server computer system, the user must enter anactivation password4120. ESTSM on the electronic device is then bypassed in theoverride state4130. If the electronic device is not reported stolen and the ESTSM Application component re-establishes communication with the ESTSMserver computer system4140, the electronic device returns back to the registered andactive state4110.

Referring toFIG. 42, the states and transitions of an electronic device in ESTSM for the “Data Destroy Service” is shown. As shown inFIG. 2B, the user may select the “Data Destroy Service” that erases the electronic device hard disk drive. If the “Data Destroy Service” is selected, the electronic device registered and active4210 with ESTSM may be reported stolen4220 by the user. A stolen electronic device is placed into the reported stolenstate4230 and once the stolen device connects to theInternet4240, it is placed into the being trackedstate4250. The user is sent a location identification email shown inFIG. 9 and because the user had selected the data destroy service is again given the option to select or bypass data destroy. If the user selects data destroy4260, then the Application component on the electronic device erases the hard disk drive and the electronic device is in the erasehard disk state4270.

Referring toFIG. 43, the states and transitions of an electronic device in which the corporate user of the device is removed from ESTSM is shown. As described above, a corporate user may have an electronic device which is registered and active4310 with ESTSM. If ESTSM were not installed on the electronic device but rather the device was protected by a password known only to the user, the electronic device would be rendered unusable if the user left the organization. With ESTSM, if the corporate user leaves theorganization4320, the corporate administrator may remove the user's access rights to the ESTSM system. The electronic device used by the user is placed into the user removedstate4330.

If an electronic device is in the REPORTED STOLEN, BEING TRACKED or DISABLED state, the user can use a “System Recovered” interface that may be a button to bring the electronic device back to the ACTIVE state. The procedure after the electronic device is recovered may be different depending on the ESTSM services selected for the recovered electronic device and the current state of the electronic device. In some embodiments of the invention, the user may be required to fill out a recovery incident report, which documents the circumstances under which the electronic device was recovered.

The electronic device may be in the HALF-RECOVERED state when recovered, indicating that the electronic device is currently locked from boot access. The electronic device screen will show system information such as the manufacturer, model number and serial number of the electronic device and an unlock key. The electronic device screen will prompt the user to enter an activation password to re-enable boot access to the device. On the ESTSM website, after completing the recovery incident report, the user will be asked to enter the system information and unlock key indicated on the screen of the electronic device. The ESTSM server computer system will generate the activation password that the user can enter on the recovered electronic device to re-enable boot access.

From the ESTSM website, a user may also view the ESTSM services that are currently active on any of their electronic devices. The user may also add other ESTSM services and be billed accordingly. The user may also switch the options of certain services. For example, as shown inFIG. 2A, the user may switch from “Track and Disable” option to “Continuous Track” option under the “Tracking Service.”

A user may be informed by the Application component of new services that are available for ESTSM. In some embodiments, the Application component may display a pop-up information message box that explains the new services along with pricing information. The Application component may optionally allow the user to purchase the new service using an interface in the message box.

The user may also view billing information about their account. The billing information will show all charges to the user's credit card and the services which were purchased along with the date of purchase.

The ESTSM server computer system includes electronic device status logs that show all the ESTSM activity for an electronic device. The user may view the electronic device status logs. These logs may be used to see when an electronic device was reported stolen, a summary of the tracking location information collected for an electronic device, date and times of recovery or device disabling events, and any other device status information.

The ESTSM website may also be used to update user information, such as address, telephone number, email address, and so forth. Also, the user's billing information such as the credit card number and expiration date may also be updated.

The user may want to upgrade the operating system or hardware (specifically the hard disk drive) on the electronic device. As described above, the ESTSM BIOS ensures that the ESTSM application components may not be removed from the hard disk drive. Thus, if the user upgrades to a new hard disk drive, the user will be asked to insert the electronic device's recovery media. In some embodiments of the invention, the recovery media may be a floppy diskette but in other embodiments the recovery media may be a Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) or Universal Serial Bus (USB) key storage device. The ESTSM BIOS will prevent the system from booting until it detects the presence of the recovery media. The ESTSM BIOS component will automatically run a special program from the recovery media and this program will re-install all the ESTSM application components and special hidden partition on the hard disk drive (described in greater detail below). In some other embodiments of the invention where a special hidden partition is not present, the user may load the ESTSM application components into the hard disk drive directly.

The user has to take no special action to upgrade the operating system on an electronic device that already has the ESTSM components properly installed and running. When the user upgrades the OS, the ESTSM application components will also be maintained as part of the OS upgrade. If the ESTSM components are removed inadvertently, the ESTSM BIOS component will automatically re-install the ESTSM application components from a special hidden partition that exists on the hard disk. This operation will be transparent to the user.

Turning now toFIG. 44, in some embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM architecture consists ofapplication components4405,non-viewable component4415 and aBIOS component4410 that work together to provide a secure environment for electronic device operation. The application components may be files stored on a hard disk drive (HDD)4400 of the electronic device and may includestartup files4420,ESTSM application4425, and ESTSM Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL)4430. Aweb browser application4435 connected to and capable of communicating with theESTSM DLL4430 may be present on the HDD. The application component runs within the operating system environment and is responsible for communicating with the ESTSMserver computer system4480 through theInternet4475.Server computer system4480 includes a number of

servers

4470a,4470b, . . .4470nthat may be web servers containing the web pages and data for ESTSM described above. Theapplication component4405 determines from the ESTSMserver computer system4480 if the electronic device has been reported stolen, and if so, the application component takes the appropriate action based on the services the user registered for (i.e. disable electronic device, track location, erase hard disk drive, etc).

TheBIOS component4410 ensures that theapplication component4405 cannot be removed from the system or bypassed in any way. TheBIOS component4410 consists of a small piece of code that resides in the system BIOS ROM image located in a securenon-volatile area4465. In some embodiments of the invention, anon-viewable component4415

program VALIDATOR

4450 resides on a special hiddenpartition4455 of the hard disk drive and is executed during Power-On-Self-Test (POST) of the electronic device. Every time the electronic device boots up, theBIOS component4410 will check the integrity of theESTSM non-viewable component4415 andapplication component4405 programs and files, and restore the original programs and files, if they have been tampered with. Furthermore, theBIOS component4410 will ensure that theapplication component4405 has run properly on the previous device boot and will take action if it is determined that an attempt to bypass theapplication component4405 has occurred.

In some embodiments of the invention, theBIOS component4410 consists of a BIOS ROM image that is integrated into the system BIOS. Thenon-viewable component4415 consists of aVALIDATOR program4450 which resides in a special hiddenpartition4455 created by ESTSM. Together, the ROM image and

VALIDATOR cooperate to make sure that someone cannot bypass or circumvent theESTSM application component4405 from running. This is done by the ESTSM BIOS in the three ways shown below. In this document, reference made to “ESTSM BIOS” may refer to the code in the BIOS ROM image or VALIDATOR or combination of both.

1. Validating the integrity of the ESTSM special hiddenpartition4455 andVALIDATOR program4450. The ESTSMhidden partition4455 contains theVALIDATOR program4450 and also contains a copy of the originalapplication component fileset4445. If the ESTSMhidden partition4455 has been deleted from the electronic device'shard disk drive4400 or in some other way altered, the ESTSM BIOS ROM image component will detect this and effectively force re-installation of thepartition4455 andoriginal fileset4445 from therecovery media4460. This prevents someone from simply low level formatting the hard disk drive, or just replacing the hard disk drive with a new blank disk to bypass ESTSM. TheESTSM VALIDATOR program4450 can then “re-install” theESTSM application component4405 from the ESTSM Backup (Original)fileset4445 on the special hiddenESTSM partition4455 of thehard disk drive4400.
2. Verifying that the application has been run on each boot. The ESTSM BIOS implements a messaging protocol with theESTSM application components4405 to ensure that theESTSM application components4405 are run on every boot. This messaging protocol utilizes the ESTSM Communications Area (ECA)4440. In order to bypass ESTSM, someone may delete key ESTSM application files in an attempt to prevent the ESTSM application from running. Furthermore, the thief may develop applications that will prevent ESTSM from running on every boot even though it is correctly installed on the electronic device's hard disk drive. The ESTSM application and BIOS components work together to make sure that the ESTSM application runs on every boot. If the ESTSM application component does not run after the electronic device has booted, the ESTSM system will allow the electronic device to boot a limited number of times and attempt to run the ESTSM application component. If the ESTSM application component does not run during any of these retries, the electronic device will be prevented from booting after system POST. For devices like PDA or Smart Phones this procedure is not required since the application component is not removable or replaceable.
3. Disabling a stolen electronic device reported as stolen so it may not boot the operating system. If theESTSM application component4405 detects that the electronic device has been reported stolen, it will inform the BIOS of the theft and freeze the system. If the thief powers off the electronic device and attempts to boot the system again, the ESTSM BIOS will prevent the system from booting the operating system. If the electronic device is recovered and returned to the original user, the user can “unlock” the device as described above so it can boot.

In some embodiments of the invention as shown inFIG. 45, the architecture for an ESTSM enabled PDA, WLAN capable computer, mobile phone that in some embodiments may be a cell phone, or Smart Phone may include aFlash memory4500 containing achangeable area4510 and asystem area4520. Thesystem area4520 may includeapplication components4530 containing ESTSM application programs and a securenon-volatile area4540 coupled to theapplication components4530. In some embodiments of the invention, thesystem area4520 may be non-viewable and implemented in non-volatile memory. The ESTSM enabled PDA, WLAN capable computer, mobile phone, or Smart Phone may continuously communicate to an ESTSMServer Computer System4560 through an always-onInternet connection4550 or other mobile device communication protocols such as Short Messaging Service (SMS).Server computer system4560 includes a number of

servers

4570a,4570b, . . .4570nthat may be web servers containing the web pages and data for ESTSM described above.

In some embodiments of the invention as shown inFIG. 46, an ESTSM enabled electronic device may contain aHDD4600 including anapplication component4610 and an ESTSM Communications Area (ECA)4620. Through anInternet connection4690, theECA4620 allows the electronic device to communicate with the ESTSMServer Computer System4685.Server computer system4685 includes a number of servers4685a,4685b, . . .4685nthat may be web servers containing the web pages and data for ESTSM described above. The HDD may include a Host Protected Area (HPA)4630 containing ESTSMnon-viewable components4640. Thenon-viewable components4640 may include aVALIDATOR program4650 that inspects anECA4620 to determine if theESTSM application components4610 have run correctly during the last system boot. The non-viewable component may also contain a copy of the original applicationcomponent software fileset4660 if the files need to be re-installed to the HDD. As described above, every time the electronic device boots up, theBIOS component4675 will check the integrity of the ESTSMnon-viewable components4640 andapplication component4610 programs and files, and restore the original programs and files from thebackup fileset4660 or fromrecovery media4670, if they have been tampered with. Furthermore, theBIOS component4675 will ensure that theapplication component4610 has run properly on the previous device boot and will take action if it is determined that an attempt to bypass theapplication component4610 has occurred.

In some embodiments of the invention as shown inFIG. 47, the ESTSM enabled electronic device may include aHDD4700 containing anapplication component4710 that receives and transmits information to a remote component that may be anESTSM WWW component4725 through theInternet4723. In some embodiments of the invention, the application component may reside in theESTSM WWW component4725 on the ESTSM website and may be installed by the user from the ESTSM website. Theapplication component4710 may be coupled to anECA4720. TheECA4720 may couple to aBIOS component4730 that is connected to a securenon-volatile area4740 as described above. TheESTSM application component4710 may communicate through theECA4720 to theBIOS component4730. TheECA4720 also allows the application and BIOS components to communicate with an ESTSMserver computer system4750 through anInternet connection4770.Server computer system4750 includes a number ofservers4760a,4760b, . . .4760nthat may be web servers containing the web pages and data for ESTSM described above.

Turning now toFIG. 48, in accordance with some other embodiments of the invention, the architecture for an ESTSM enabled electronic device with Short Messaging Service (SMS) capability is shown. The ESTSM enabled electronic device with SMS capability may be a PDA, WLAN capable computer, mobile phone that in some embodiments may be a cell phone, or Smart Phone. The electronic device may include aFlash memory4800 containing achangeable area4810 that functions like non-volatile storage and may include a file system. Asystem area4820 in theFlash memory4800 that is non-changeable to a user of the electronic device may include anESTSM SMS component4830,ESTSM application component4840 and a securenon-volatile area4850 coupled to theapplication component4840. Theapplication component4840 communicates with

web servers

4870a,4870b, . . .4870nin the ESTSM server computer system through anInternet connection4845. The ESTSM server computer system also includes aSMS server4860 coupled to theSMS component4830 through awireless communication connection4855 such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) or Global Mobile System (GSM). In some embodiments, theSMS component4830 communicates with the ESTSM server using SMS services on the electronic device when an Internet connection is not available.

Turning now toFIG. 49, a computer system that includes a BIOS component, application component and non-viewable component in accordance with some embodiments of the invention is shown.Computer system4900 may be configured in any number of ways, including as a laptop unit, a desktop unit, a network server, or any other configuration.Computer system4900 generally includes a central processing unit (CPU)4902 coupled to amain memory array4906 and to a variety of other peripheral computer system components through an integratedbridge logic device4904. Thebridge logic device4904 is sometimes referred to as a “North bridge” for no other reason than it often is depicted at the upper end of a computer system drawing. TheCPU4902 couples to Northbridge logic device4904 via aCPU bus4908, or thebridge logic device4904 may be integrated into theCPU4902. TheCPU4902 may comprise, for example, a Pentium™ IV microprocessor. It should be understood, however, thatcomputer system4900 could include other alternative types of microprocessors. Further, an embodiment ofcomputer system4900 may include a multiple-CPU architecture, with each processor coupled to thebridge logic device4904. An externalcache memory unit4909 further may couple to theCPU bus4908 or directly to theCPU4902.

Themain memory array4906 couples to thebridge logic unit4904 through amemory bus4910. Themain memory4906 functions as the working memory for theCPU4902 and generally includes a conventional memory device or array of memory devices in which program instructions and data are stored. The main memory array may comprise any suitable type of memory such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or any of the various types of DRAM devices such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), extended data output DRAM (EDO DRAM), or Rambus™ DRAM (RDRAM).

The Northbridge logic device4904 couples theCPU4902 andmemory4906 to the peripheral devices in the system through a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)bus4912 or other expansion bus, such as an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The present invention, however, is not limited to any particular type of expansion bus, and thus various buses may be used, including a high speed (66 MHz or faster) PCI bus. Various peripheral devices that implement the PCI protocol may reside on thePCI bus4912, as well.

Thecomputer system4900 includes agraphics controller4916 that couples to thebridge logic device4904 via anexpansion bus4914. As shown inFIG. 49, theexpansion bus4914 comprises an Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) bus. Alternatively, thegraphics controller4916 may couple to bridgelogic device4904 through thePCI bus4912. Thegraphics controller4916 may embody a typical graphics accelerator generally known in the art to render three-dimensional data structures ondisplay4918.

Bridge logic device

4904 includes a PCI interface to permit master cycles to be transmitted and received bybridge logic device4904. Thebridge logic device4904 also includes an interface for initiating and receiving cycles to and from components on theAGP bus4914. Thedisplay4918 comprises any suitable electronic display device upon which an image or text can be represented. A suitable display device may include, for example, a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a thin film transistor (TFT), a virtual retinal display (VRD), or any other type of suitable display device for a computer system.

Thecomputer system4900 optionally may include a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) drive4932 coupled to thePCI bus4912. ThePCMCIA drive4932 is accessible from the outside of the computer and accepts one or more expansion cards that are housed in special PCMCIA cards, enclosures which are approximately the size of credit cards but slightly thicker. Accordingly, PCMCIA ports are particularly useful in laptop computer systems, in which space is at a premium. A PCMCIA card typically includes one connector that attaches to thePCMCIA port4932, and additional connectors may be included for attaching cables or other devices to the card outside of thecomputer4900. Accordingly, various types of PCMCIA cards are available, including modem cards, network interface cards, bus controller cards, and memory expansion cards.

If other secondary expansion buses are provided in the computer system, another bridge logic device typically couples thePCI bus4912 to that expansion bus. This bridge logic device is sometimes referred to as a “South bridge,” reflecting its location vis-à-vis the North bridge in a typical computer system drawing. InFIG. 49, the Southbridge logic device4922 couples thePCI bus4912 to an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)bus4926 and to an Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)bus4964. TheIDE bus4964 typically interfaces input and output devices such as a CD ROM drive, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) drive, a hard disk drive, and one or more floppy disk drives. In accordance with the embodiment of the invention shown inFIG. 44, theIDE bus4964 shown inFIG. 49 couples toHDD4400.ESTSM application component4405 andECA4440 may be executable software files stored in a file system ofHDD4400.Hidden partition4455 inHDD4400 may include ESTSMnon-viewable components4415 as described in detail above with reference toFIG. 44.

Various ISA-compatible devices are shown coupled to theISA bus4926, including aBIOS ROM4944. TheBIOS ROM4944 is a memory device that stores commands which instruct the computer how to perform basic functions such as sending video data to the display or accessing data on hard floppy disk drives. In addition, theBIOS ROM4944 may be used to store power management instructions for hardware-based (or “legacy”) power management systems or to store register definitions for software-based power management systems. The BIOS instructions also enable the computer to load the operating system software program into main memory during system initialization and transfer control to the operating system so the operating system can start executing, also known as the INT19 “boot” sequence.BIOS ROM4944 inFIG. 49 includes theESTSM BIOS component4410 in accordance with the embodiment of the invention shown inFIG. 44. TheESTSM BIOS component4410 inBIOS ROM4944 couples through a bus that may be a serial bus4464 (a serial bus generally is a bus with only one data signal) to securenon-volatile area4465 containing firmware code. TheBIOS ROM4944 typically is a “nonvolatile” memory device, which means that the memory contents remain intact even when thecomputer4900 powers down. By contrast, the contents of themain memory4906 typically are “volatile” and thus are lost when the computer shuts down.

The Southbridge logic device4922 supports an input/output (I/O)controller4960 that operatively couples to basic input/output devices such as akeyboard4968, amouse4970, afloppy disk drive4966, general purpose parallel andserial ports4972, and various input switches such as a power switch and a sleep switch (not shown). The I/O controller4960 typically couples to the Southbridge logic device4922 via a standard bus, shown as theISA bus4926 inFIG. 49. Aserial bus4962 may provide an additional connection between the I/O controller4960 and Southbridge logic device4922. The I/O controller4960 typically includes an ISA bus interface (not specifically shown) and transmit and receive registers (not specifically shown) for exchanging data with the Southbridge logic device4922 over theserial bus4962.

Turning now toFIG. 50, a wireless communication device that may be a PDA, WLAN capable computer, mobile phone that in some embodiments is a cell phone, or Smart Phone includes a changeable area and an application component in a system area in accordance with the embodiment of the invention ofFIG. 45. Thewireless communication device5000 may transmit and receive information with a plurality of base transceiver stations (BTS) not shown inFIG. 50. Each BTS may transmit in a forward or downlink direction both physical and logical channels to themobile station5000 in accordance with a predetermined air interface standard. A reverse or uplink communication path also exists from themobile station5000 to the BTS, which conveys mobile originated access requests and traffic.

The air interface standard can conform to any suitable standard or protocol, and may enable both voice and data traffic, such as data traffic enabling Internet access and web page downloads. One suitable type of air interface is based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and may support a GSM or an advanced GSM protocol, although these teachings are not intended to be limited to TDMA or to GSM or GSM-related wireless systems. Another wireless system and air interface, such as a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, may serve at least a part of the geographical area served by the wireless communication system shown inFIG. 50, and themobile station5000 maybe a multi-band terminal that is capable of operating with either the GSM or the WCDMA network.

Themobile station5000 typically includes a microcontrol unit (MCU)5020 having an output coupled to an input of adisplay5040 and an input coupled to an output of a keyboard orkeypad5060. Themobile station5000 may be contained within a card or module that is connected during use to another device. For example, themobile station5000 could be contained within a PCMCIA or similar type of card or module that is installed during use within a portable data processor, such as a laptop or notebook computer, or even a computer that is wearable by the user.

TheMCU5020 includes or is coupled to amemory5030, including asystem area4520 for storingESTSM application components4530, as well as achangeable area4510 for temporarily storing required data, scratchpad memory, received packet data, packet data to be transmitted, and the like. A separate, removable Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) that is not shown can be provided as well, the SIM storing, for example, a preferred Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) list and other subscriber-related information. Thesystem area4520 may also store a program enabling theMCU5020 to execute the software routines, layers and protocols required to operate in the wireless communications system, as well as to provide a suitable user interface (UI), viadisplay5040 andkeypad5060, with a user. Although not shown, a microphone and speaker are typically provided for enabling the user to conduct voice calls in a conventional manner.

Themobile station5000 also contains a wireless section that includes a digitalsignal processor DSP5080, or equivalent high speed processor or logic or control unit, as well as a wireless transceiver that includes a transmitter (Tx)5010 and a receiver (Rx)5020, both of which are coupled to anantenna5040 for communication with the BTS. At least one local oscillator (LO)5060, such as a frequency synthesizer, is provided for tuning the transceiver. Data, such as digitized voice and packet data, is transmitted and received through theantenna5040.

As mentioned above with reference toFIG. 45, the ESTSM enabled PDA, mobile phone, WLAN capable computer, or Smart Phone may continuously communicate to the ESTSM Server Computer System through an always-on Internet connection. Information such as telephone numbers, email addresses, calendar appointments, sales meetings and other daily reminders on a PDA, mobile phone, WLAN capable computer, or Smart Phone with ESTSM can be retrieved from a stolen device in some embodiments of the invention by the user calling an ESTSM service center to report the device as stolen. Because the PDA, mobile phone, WLAN capable computer, or Smart Phone has an always-on Internet connection, data on the device can be recovered and stored on the ESTSM server computer system as soon as the device is reported stolen. After recovery, the data may be erased off the stolen PDA, mobile phone, WLAN capable computer, or Smart Phone and the device disabled, making it worthless for the thief. Upon the ESTSM user purchasing a replacement PDA, mobile phone, WLAN capable computer, or Smart Phone, the data recovered and stored on the ESTSM server computer system from the user's stolen device can be placed on the user's new replacement device.

Turning now toFIG. 51, some embodiments of the ESTSMserver computer system5100 ofFIGS. 44-47 are shown in more detail.Clients5110 are ESTSM enabled electronic devices that transmit and receive information throughfirewall5120 toweb servers5130. Thefirewall5120 may be software executing on each of theweb servers5130 or a stand alone firewall device with dedicated hardware and software that may be a computer system.Web servers5130 as described above include web pages for administration and use of ESTSM as well as software to transmit the web pages and receive responses fromclients5110.Web servers5130 connect throughfirewall5140 to one ormore database servers5150.Firewall5140 may be software executing on each of thedatabase servers5150 or a stand alone firewall device with dedicated hardware and software that may be a computer system.Database servers5150 may contain among other information, user configuration information and access rights forclients5110. Configuration information may include the ESTSM services selected by a user, the electronic devices associated with a particular user, electronic device identification information, billing information such as credit card number and expiration date, electronic device location and status logs, and so forth.Web servers5130 may also couple to File Transfer Protocol (FTP)server5160 that allowsclients5110 to download large files directly without having to go throughweb servers5130.Web servers5130 also have access to files onFTP server5160 allowing clients to access and view the contents of these files through the web servers.

Turning now toFIG. 52,web servers5130 ofFIG. 51 are depicted in greater detail and show connections between the primary and secondary servers in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.Clients5110 may each connect toprimary server5210 and each of

secondary server

5220a,5220b, . . . and5220n. Theprimary server5210 and

secondary servers

5220a,5220b, . . .5220nare coupled to each other and can communicate and transfer information. In some embodiments of the invention as described in greater detail below, each ofclients5110 includes an application component that works with web browser software such as Microsoft® Internet® Explorer® to ensure that if Explorer® can access the ESTSM website, the ESTSM application components will also be able to access the website. If Explorer® on the client cannot get to the ESTSM website on theprimary server5210, it will then try to access the ESTSM

secondary servers

5220a,5220b, . . .5220nfor status of the primary. If the secondary servers are also unavailable, but ESTSM application component on the client can access other popular websites, then it is assumed that some firewall or other software has been loaded to attempt to block ESTSM operation.

The web pages for registration on the ESTSM server can be customized for each type of electronic device and manufacturer. This way, manufacturers can offer different services to the user, during the registration phase, based on the model and target customers for that model. Thus, for example, a manufacturer may want to set a higher price for “Data Destroy Services” on corporate laptop models than on consumer laptop models.

If the ESTSM server computer system receives a message from an electronic device that has been reported stolen, and the “Tracking Service” is registered for that electronic device, the ESTSM server will log the IP address of the stolen electronic device. The ESTSM server computer system will get the IP address from the header of the message packet (part of Internet Protocol (IP)) and will not have to execute a tracing program such as TraceRoute on the electronic device that may be a client personal computer. The ESTSM server will use the Internet to lookup the information for that IP address and will send the tracking location email as described above to the user.

The ESTSM server computer system hosts all the web pages that provide the user experience once logged into the ESTSM website. The ESTSM server environment can be duplicated at a corporate customer facility and the specific serial numbers of the electronic devices at that corporation can be re-directed to work directly with the ESTSM server located at that corporation. Thus, corporate customers, for security purposes, can control the flow of messages to servers located at their own facility.

If the ESTSM server needs repairs to hardware, new software, functional changes to web pages, etc. electronic device clients may be requested by the server to stop making new queries to the server for a random amount of time. Thus, needed updates and repairs to the ESTSM sever may be performed during this time.

Turning now toFIG. 53, a flow diagram in accordance with some embodiments of the invention of the BIOS component of ESTSM ofFIG. 44 is shown. The Power on Self Test (POST) firmware may call theESTSM BIOS component5310 towards end of POST. The BIOS component will first check to see if the electronic device has already been disabled by ESTSM5335 (i.e. the electronic device was reported stolen, or some other ESTSM failure occurred). If the electronic device is already disabled, the BIOS component will display the system information and a boot specific unlock key and will prompt the user to enter the activation password to re-enablesystem boot5320. This activation password can be obtained by the original user through the ESTSM website or by calling the monitoring station.

If the system was not already disabled, the BIOS component checks to see if the special ESTSM hidden partition exists5340. If it does exist, the BIOS component will transfer control to ESTSM non-viewablecomponent VALIDATOR program5345. If the hidden partition does not exist the BIOS component will create the ESTSMhidden partition5350. If there is a bootable operating system partition on thehard disk5355, the BIOS component will force the user to insert the recovery media into theappropriate device5365. The BIOS component will re-build the ESTSM hidden partition using the files from therecovery media5370. As mentioned above, if the hidden partition does not exist, a check is also made to see if a bootable operating system partition is present before forcing the recovery media to be inserted. If a bootable operating system partition is not present, then the electronic device will proceed with theINT19 boot process5360 until it stops because no bootable OS is present. This may occur if the thief deletes the OS in which case he must install the OS and the recovery media to allow the system to reboot. Alternatively, a bootable OS partition may not be present as during initial HDD installation at the factory, and a master hard disk image may be used for seamless factory installation duringboot process5360 without requiring the recovery media to be inserted in each electronic device during manufacture.

Turning now toFIG. 54, a flow diagram of the VALIDATOR program in the non-viewable component of the ESTSM in accordance with some embodiments of the invention is shown. If the hidden partition on the hard disk is valid, the BIOS component will load and transfer control to theVALIDATOR program5345 on the hidden partition as shown inFIG. 53 and described above. The VALIDATOR program inspects the ESTSM Communications Area (ECA) to determine if the ESTSM application components have run correctly during thelast system boot5410. If the ECA information is correct (i.e. ESTSM application was run correctly), then the VALIDATOR program will return control to POST to proceed with INT19OS boot process5430. If the VALIDATOR program determines that the application components failed to run correctly5420, the user is warned to correct the problem otherwise the electronic device will be disabled within a number ofsystem boots5440 that in some embodiments of the invention is 5 system boots. The VALIDATOR program will then restore the ESTSM application components from ESTSM backup fileset to try to correct theproblem5450. If the number of system boots has been reached and ECA information is still not correct5460, then ESTSM will disable thesystem5470. The procedure described above may then be used to re-enable the system. An application component failure will be generated if the thief deletes or tampers with ESTSM files, loads an application or service to try to bypass ESTSM operation, or in any other way tries to prevent ESTSM from running. After the VALIDATOR program has completed operation, it returns control back to theelectronic device BIOS5430 so that system POST may be completed and the normal OS boot can occur via the INT19 interface.

In some other embodiments of the invention, the check of the ECA to determine if the ESTSM application components have run correctly is performed by the BIOS component-thus the VALIDATOR program may be located in the BIOS component. If the VALIDATOR program determines that the application components failed to run correctly, the user is asked to install the application components onto the electronic device.

As shown inFIG. 44, the ESTSM application component consists of two sets of programs: (1) ESTSM application program and (2) startup program files. The application component programs work together to provide the ESTSM environment described above and periodically check with the ESTSM server computer system to see if the electronic device is reported stolen and take the appropriate action.

If the system is registered with ESTSM server, the electronic device executing the ESTSM application program will receive a response from the ESTSM server computer system indicating whether or not the electronic device is reported stolen. If the electronic device is in an active state (i.e. not stolen), the application program will wait aninterval5530 and again contact theESTSM server5515. If the electronic device is reported stolen5550, the ESTSM application program will cooperate with the other application components to take the appropriate action (i.e. disable the system, erase the hard disk drive, etc)5555 and5560. If the user has selected the disable electronic device service, then the ESTSM application program will inform the ECA of electronic devicedisabled state5580 and freeze theelectronic device5585. The electronic device executing the ESTSM application program will send an encrypted message to the ESTSM server periodically while the system is connected to the Internet.

The application component of ESTSM is designed so that firewall software cannot block the ESTSM application components from accessing the ESTSM website. If firewall software could block the ESTSM application components, a thief could merely install the firewall software to bypass ESTSM. The ESTSM application program works with web browser software such as Microsoft Internet Explorer® to ensure that if Explorer can access the ESTSM website, the ESTSM application components will also be able to access the website. If Explorer® cannot get to the ESTSM website on the primary server, it will then try to access the ESTSM secondary servers for status of the primary as shown inFIG. 55 in5565. If the secondary servers are also unavailable, but ESTSM can access otherpopular websites5587, then it is assumed that some firewall or other software has been loaded to attempt to block ESTSM operation. In this case, in some embodiments of the invention, the user is warned that they must correct theproblem5570 within five

boots

5575,5590, and5595 or enter an “override” code to continue operation with ESTSM temporarily disabled. The “override” code can be obtained from the ESTSM website, call center, or an automated response system. If the override code is not entered, the system will be disabled after five

boots

5580 and5585, and the user must get the activation password as described above.

The ESTSM server is located at a particular address on the WWW accessible to the user. The application components of ESTSM communicate with this web server during the registration phase and periodically once the system is registered to determine if the electronic device has been reported stolen.

Turning now toFIG. 56, encryption and encoding of information by the client electronic device and decoding and decryption of information by the server computer system in accordance with some embodiments of the invention is shown. Aclient5610 that is an ESTSM enabled electronic device includes anESTSM application component5615 as described above. TheESTSM application component5615 may be coupled to an encryption/decryption module5620 that transmits and receives encrypted and encoded data. The encrypted and encoded data may be transmitted and received from an ESTSMserver computer system5630 through acommunication medium5625 such as HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Theserver computer system5630 includes anESTSM server application5640 that may include web pages and information displayable on ESTSM enabled devices as described above and ESTSM server application software. TheESTSM server application5640 may be coupled to an encryption/decryption module5635 that transmits and receives encrypted and encoded data to and fromclient5610.

Turning now toFIG. 57, encryption and encoding of information by the client electronic device and decoding and decryption of information by the server computer system ofFIG. 56 is shown. Clientelectronic device5610 may frequently and at randomly selected times send a query toserver computer system5630 asking if the electronic device has been reported stolen. The query is encrypted5715 by encryption/decryption module5620 using an encryption technique as described below into abinary format sequence5720 of ones and zeroes. The sequence of ones and zeros is encoded5725 by encryption/decryption module5620 using an encoding technique as described below into an American Standard Code of Information Interchange (ASCII)text format5730. ASCII text format is a standard 7-bit ASCII character code embedded in an 8 bit byte whose high order bit is always zero as described in ANSI standard X3.64, herein incorporated by reference.

Simultaneously with the encryption and encoding performed by encryption/decryption module5620, the server computer system receives ASCII text formatteddata5755 viacommunication medium5625. The ASCII text formatted data is decoded5750 by encryption/decryption module5635 using a decoding technique as described below into abinary format sequence5745 of ones and zeroes. The sequence of ones and zeroes is decrypted5740 by encryption/decryption module5635 intoquery information5735 that may be as mentioned above asking if the electronic device has been reported stolen.

Referring now toFIG. 58, a flow diagram implemented in the client and server for encoding binary format sequence data into ASCII text format data in accordance with some embodiments of the invention is shown. If the end of the binary formatsequence data source5810 has been reached as determined by the value of the source_length variable then encoding ends5815. If the end has not been reached, then the next byte to encode is stored5820 in a variable. Thus, ‘n’ bits from the variable are extracted5820 into another variable that in some embodiments may be C1. ASCII text format may have n=6 bits with thehighest order 7^thand 8^thbit being zero. Variable C1 is passed to ENC( ) function that performs binary mapping operations on the binary sequence data to generate an encodedbyte5830. In some embodiments of the invention, the binary mapping operations on C1 include mapping C1 to a base 64 number. The encoded byte is placed into aDestination data structure5840 that may be an array of bytes for transmission overcommunication medium5625. The encoded byte is re-initialized to a zero value in some embodiments of the invention and the source_length variable is decremented.

Referring now toFIG. 59, a flow diagram implemented in the client and server for decoding ASCII text format data into binary data in accordance with some embodiments of the invention is shown. Encryption/decryption modules located in the client electronic device or server computer system receive encoded bytes of ASCII text format data that are placed into a source byte stream data structure that may be an array of bytes. The source byte stream data structure is described by a source_length variable that indicates the number of ASCII text format data bytes present in the array. Every time a new byte of data is received by the encryption/decryption module and placed in the array, the source_length variable is incremented and when a byte of data is removed and decoded the source_length variable is decremented. If the end ofsource5910 has been reached, the array will become empty and decoding will end5930. If the end of the source has not been reached, then a current ASCII text format byte of data is placed intovariable E5940. The ASCII text format byte of data in variable E is passed to DECODE( ) function that performs mapping operations on the data to generate a decodedbyte ED5950. The lower six bits of the decoded byte ED are placed into a final bytestream data structure5960 and the upper two bits are discarded. Finally, the source_length variable is decremented as described above. If the end of the source byte stream is reached, every eight bits in thefinal byte stream5920 corresponds to the original unencoded data.

Turning now toFIG. 60, a flow diagram showing encryption and encoding of SMS messages from SMS server to SMS enabled ESTSM electronic device for the system ofFIG. 48 is depicted. Each SMS capable device that in some embodiments of the invention may be a Smart Phone includes unique device information that is used in the encoding and encryption process. The encryption/decryption module in the Smart Phone stores the device information into a variable DI as shown inblock6010. The encryption/decryption module passes the device information in variable DI to a function Jumble as shown inblock6020 and stores the result into a variable JDI. In some embodiments of the invention, the function Jumble rearranges and reorders the individual bytes in variable DI. Next, the encryption/decryption module as shown inblock6030 generates an encrypted command by passing the jumbled device information in variable JDI and an ESTSM Secret Cmd to function FN. The ESTSM Secret Cmd is a command sent from the ESTSM server to the electronic device for a function supported by the electronic device. The function FN returns an encrypted command that is stored in variable ECMD and may be an array of bytes. Next, inblock6040, the encryption/decryption module calls the Encode function that may be the flowchart shown inFIG. 58. The Encode function is passed the variable ECMD containing the encrypted command and encodes the array of bytes as shown inFIG. 58. The encoded array of bytes is stored in a variable EncECMD that is transmitted as a message to the ESTSM server computer system over thecommunication medium5625.

Turning now toFIG. 61, a flow diagram showing decoding and decryption of SMS messages is depicted. A MESSAGE variable that in some embodiments of the invention is variable EncECMD containing the encoded array of bytes is decoded by aDecode function6110 that may be the flow chart shown inFIG. 59. The decoded array of bytes is stored in a variable DecFCMD that is then passed to aDecrypt function6120. The Decrypt function returns a decrypted command that is stored in variable FCMD and may be an array of bytes. The jumbled device information is extracted from FCMD and stored invariable JDI6130. Similarly, the ESTSM Secret Cmd/Data message is extracted fromFCMD6130. The encryption/decryption module passes the jumbled device information in variable JDI to a function UnJumble as shown inblock6140. The device information after being unjumbled is stored in a variable DEVICE INFO that is verified with the unique device information of the electronic device.

Implementing ESTSM on an electronic device may necessitate the manufacturer integrating the ESTSM BIOS components including the BIOS ROM images into the system BIOS of the electronic device. In some embodiments, this is the only task that may have to be performed during the system's development phase. The integration of the ESTSM BIOS component needs very little effort. The ESTSM BIOS component is designed to minimize the effort needed to integrate with the existing electronic device BIOS. Factors, such as size of code, complexity of integration, and so forth, have been addressed in the design of the ESTSM BIOS component. In some embodiments of the invention as shown inFIG. 62A, the ESTSM BIOS component is integrated with the existing electronic device BIOS using the technique described below.

- 1. Place the ESTSM BIOS component image files into a systemBIOS build file 6200. In some embodiments, the electronic device BIOS has 16 Kilobytes of free space to integrate the BIOS component image files.
- 2. Build a data structure including the electronic device's system information, programs to save and restore ESTSM critical information in the Secure Non-volatile Area, and an optional recovery media read function pointer and pass the address of this data structure to an ESTSM BIOS image entry point in the BIOS build file as shown inblock6210. Also ensure that the Random Access Memory (RAM) areas that ESTSM uses are not used by other BIOS functions. After the ESTSM BIOS image files are integrated into the system BIOS build, the system BIOS code builds the data structure as described above. The ESTSM BIOS image may need a pointer to the function in the system BIOS that reads from the recovery media. Since modern day BIOSes support reading from almost all types of recovery media (i.e. floppy diskettes, CD-ROM, USB key, and so forth), no extra code development is required and the address of the read function needs to be placed in the data structure passed to the ESTSM BIOS image. In some alternative embodiments of the invention that do not use recovery media, a pointer to the recovery media read function in system BIOS is not needed. The electronic device system BIOS developer should make sure that the RAM address locations used by ESTSM are not used by the system BIOS.
- 3. As shown inblock6220, system BIOS needs to call the ESTSM BIOS image entry point just before the INT19 bootstrap call. The system BIOS calls the ESTSM BIOS image entry point before making the INT19 boot strap call. At this point, the ESTSM BIOS image will be invoked and will perform all the checks that enable the secure system environment of ESTSM.

FIG. 62B is a flow diagram showing integration of the ESTSM option ROM into a BIOS binary image in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. ABIOS editor application6300 shown inFIG. 63 is started inblock6230 and the “File”menu option6315 is selected within the BIOS editor application inblock6235. The target .ROM or .WPH BIOS binary is opened inblock6235. The ESTSM ROM will be placed into the target BIOS binary. An “OPTION ROM” node6320 in a “PROJECT”panel6330 may be expanded inblock6240. Inblock6245, if option ROMS are present under the “OPTION ROM” node then determine if space is present in the target BIOS binary for the ESTSM ROM inblock6250. If the target BIOS binary does not contain the space for the ESTSM ROM, an error message is generated inblock6260. If the target BIOS binary contains the space needed for the ESTSM ROM or no option ROMS are present inblock6245, then the ESTSM ROM is added to the target BIOS binary inblock6255. In some embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM ROM is added to the target BIOS binary by pressing the “Add”button6340 shown inFIG. 63. Inblock6245, from the “File”menu6315 “BUILD BIOS” is selected as shown inblock6265. Finally, inblock6270 after the “BUILD BIOS” has been completed, the ESTSM option ROM is present in the target BIOS binary.

As discussed above, the ESTSM BIOS component is provided to the manufacturer of the electronic device in an encapsulated Option ROM image format that may be ESTSM.ROM as shown inFIGS. 63 and 64. In some embodiments of the invention as shown inFIG. 63, the manufacturer may utilize tools provided by BIOS vendors such asBIOS editors6300 to merge the encapsulated ROM ESTSM image into the manufacturer's base BIOS image using theOption ROM format6310. In some other embodiments of the invention as shown inFIG. 64, the manufacturer may use aBIOS Configuration Utility6400 to insert the encapsulatedROM ESTSM image6410 into the manufacturer's baseBIOS ROM image6420. In this embodiment, the BIOS calls the ESTSM Option ROM in the same way as it would any other Option ROM image. The ESTSM ROM proceeds in the same manner as it would if it had been integrated into the BIOS using known BIOS integration techniques by checking the system security duringINT 19 boot strap call.

Returning now toFIG. 62A, maintaining and updating of the electronic device system BIOS is minimized because of the design of the ESTSM BIOS component. When the manufacturer needs to do a system BIOS update for the electronic device, no changes need to be made to the ESTSM BIOS component in the system BIOS. The manufacturer can simply fix the bugs in the BIOS and do a new system BIOS build as shown inFIG. 62A (which will include the ESTSM BIOS components) and the new system BIOS will work correctly. The new system BIOS can then be Flash upgraded by the user without any impact to ESTSM operation.

If an update is released for the ESTSM components, the updated versions of the BIOS component image files may be copied into the BIOS build file and a new build performed. Once the new build is complete, the updated system BIOS can be released to the user. No additional coding or maintenance tasks need to be performed to update the ESTSM BIOS components in the system BIOS.

Integration of the ESTSM application component requires no action by the manufacturer of the electronic device. This is because the ESTSM BIOS component restores the application components onto the hard disk drive of the electronic device once the OS is installed on the electronic device. In some other embodiments of the invention, the application component may be installed by the user of the electronic device as described above.

For some embodiments of the invention, creation of the ESTSM hidden partition may be performed immediately after installation of the electronic device's hard disk drive. Various utilities can be used to create the hidden partition. In some embodiments, a scripted installation program including the utility to create the hidden partition may be run at the beginning of the manufacturing process. Typically, this utility should be run just before the FDISK.EXE or some other utility is used to create the OS partition on the hard disk drive.

If the manufacturing process copies a prepared hard disk image directly to a blank hard disk, then the prepared image should be created with the ESTSM hidden partition installed. Thus, when the prepared image is copied to the blank hard disk drive during manufacture, the ESTSM hidden partition will also be copied automatically from the prepared image.

Engineering and electronic device quality assurance test processes may be performed by the manufacturer providing the ESTSM monitoring station with a block of electronic device serial numbers to be used as part of the testing process. The monitoring station will mark these serial numbers as “test” in the ESTSM server computer system and the user will not be billed on the credit card for these systems. This will facilitate the test process at the manufacturer's facilities.

FIGS. 65-70 show screen shots, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention, for registering and using ESTSM in the PDA or mobile phone shown inFIGS. 45 and 50. ESTSM registration as shown inFIG. 65 for a mobile device may be performed using a computer system that can display ESTSM registration web pages. In some other embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM registration pages may be displayed on the mobile device capable of displaying web pages.FIG. 65 shows a service selection screen that may include the cost of each service and the services offered. The services offered and the cost of each service may vary based on the manufacturer and model of the mobile device, the market segment of the mobile device (i.e. business device, home use device) and what the manufacturer has chosen to include for the device. Some manufacturers may want to change the pricing of the services, or offer bundled services to the user. For some embodiments of the invention, as shown below, is a list of the services available to the user.

- 1. Basic Service—with this service the user has the ability to have the mobile device disabled if it is stolen or lost. The information on the mobile device is made secure so that it cannot be accessed by someone who steals the mobile device or finds the device.
- 2. Data Recovery Service—this service will recover Contacts, Calendar, and other data such as pictures form the mobile device if the device is stolen or lost. ESTSM may recover this information to the ESTSM server computer system, before performing other service option actions. The user may then restore the data into a new cell phone, Smart Phone or PDA device that they purchase.

In some embodiments of the invention, due to the extendible design of ESTSM, new services can be added for a mobile device such as third party insurance, data destroy service, tracking service, and data encryption service.

In some embodiments of the invention, most of ESTSM services are based on a yearly fee model. Some services such as data recovery may be billed on a per kilobyte basis—that is, the user indicates the number of kilobytes to be recovered during registration and is billed accordingly. However, if the mobile device is stolen and during data recovery more kilobytes are recovered, then a one time fee is charged to the user. The user may be billed at the end of the year to renew the service for one more year. The user may be sent an email before billing to give the user a chance to cancel the service if they wish.

After the user has selected the ESTSM services for their mobile device, in some embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM system as shown inFIG. 66 may request that the user turn on the cell phone or open the flip cover. In accordance with some embodiments, the user through the computer system capable of displaying ESTSM web pages may then enter the mobile phone number, service provider, International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI) number, and a phone description. The registration process for the mobile device is successfully completed as shown inFIG. 67. In some other embodiments of the invention, ESTSM registration may not require any user intervention with the mobile device except an acknowledgement from the user at the end of the successful registration.

In some embodiments of the invention, an automated voice prompting system at a call center or live call center operator after authentication of the user may communicate with the user to perform ESTSM activities. All ESTSM activities performed through the Internet may also be performed by the call center including registration, reporting a system stolen, reporting system has been recovered and so forth.

FIG. 68 shows a screen shot of the mobile device status web page that resides in the ESTSM server computer system in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. The user can perform the following tasks for the mobile device on the device status web page: (1) View the status of the mobile device running ESTSM; (2) Report a mobile device stolen; (3) Show the Billing and Electronic Device Location/Status Logs; (4) Perform User Management functions such as changing the user information, password and billing information; and (5) Perform Data Management functions such as viewing recovered data and transferring recovered data to another device.

As shown inFIG. 68, the “Device Status” page shows for each mobile device, the Model Name, System Description, Phone Number, Current State, and ESTSM Services Active on the device. Depending on the Current State and the services selected by the user, certain task buttons will appear below the mobile device information. These task buttons let you perform different operations on the device (e.g. report the mobile device stolen and so forth). As shown inFIG. 68, the user may click on the button labeled “Report Stolen” to start the process of reporting a mobile device stolen. The user will be taken to the “Report a Stolen Device” web pages. The user fills out the information on the web page to generate a theft incident report and the ESTSM site will log this report so that it may be given later to the appropriate authorities as proof of filing the theft incident report. This documentation may be provided to the user upon request.

In some embodiments of the invention, once the report is completed, the electronic device will be placed into the REPORTED STOLEN state. At this point, because of the always on connection of the mobile device to the Internet, in some embodiments the mobile device files are backed up and the device state will change to RECOVERED state as shown inFIG. 69. The user may then manage these files to move them into a new cell phone, Smart Phone or PDA device that they purchase. After the data has been recovered, the ESTSM system informs the user that the mobile device is disabled as shown inFIG. 70.

Turning now toFIG. 71, a flow diagram showing implementation of ESTSM on mobile devices such as cellular telephones, Smart Phones, or WLAN capable computers as inFIG. 45 andFIG. 48 that have a messaging capability that may be Short Messaging Service (SMS) is depicted. In some embodiments of the invention, as described above, the ESTSM server computer system may inform the mobile device that it has been reported stolen and backup the data on the device. In some other embodiments of the invention, the ESTSM server may periodically backup the data on the device even if the mobile device has not been reported stolen. The ESTSM server may disable the mobile device (i.e. lock the user out but device can still communicate with ESTSM server) if the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card has been changed and the mobile device is reported stolen. The ESTSM server may also disable the mobile device if the IMEI number has been changed and the device is reported stolen.

As shown inFIG. 71, the ESTSM application component located in the system area of the mobile device (FIG. 45) gets the device identifier of the mobile device inblock7105. In some embodiments of the invention, the device identifier is a concatenated string of numbers that may include the IMEI number, manufacturer's model number of the mobile device, and the phone number associated with the mobile device. If the application component is not able to get the device identifier inblock7110, then the application component disables themobile device7115. If the application component is able to successfully get the device identifier, then the application component determines if the user information module has been changed inblock7120. In some embodiments of the invention, the user information module may be a SIM card located in the mobile device. In some other embodiments of the invention, the user information module may be stored on a Read-Only-Memory (ROM) that is a FLASH ROM or Electronically-Erasable-Programmable ROM (EEPROM) of the mobile device. The user information module identifies user information with the mobile device. The user information may be the phone number associated with the mobile device, user details, security information, and memory for a personal directory of numbers. If the user information module has been changed in the mobile device, the ESTSM application component gets the new phone number from themobile device7125. The application component in block7135 notifies the ESTSM server of the new phone number. Next, inblock7130, the ESTSM application component determines the current state of the mobile device and begins thestatus loop7140, waiting for a message from the ESTSM server. An encrypted and encoded message as described above may be communicated from the ESTSM server to the application component of the mobile device as shown inblock7150.

InFIG. 71, if the application component detects that a new message has arrived, message data is processed inblock7145. A command is extracted from the message data inblock7160 as described above and is stored into the variable Cmd. If the Cmd is “REGISTER” as shown inblock7165, then the user has registered the mobile device for ESTSM services. The ESTSM server is notified to change the mobile device state to “ACTIVE” inblock7187 and the application component sets the current state to “ACTIVE” inblock7185. If the Cmd is “DISABLE” as shown inblock7170, the mobile device is disabled7192 and the application component sets the current state to “DISABLE” inblock7190. The ESTSM server may send a “DISABLE”command7170 if the mobile device is reported stolen or the user information module that may be a SIM card has been changed and the device identifier has not changed in the mobile device. If the Cmd is “BACKUP” as shown inblock7175, the ESTSM server requests that the data on the mobile device be copied to the ESTSM server. As shown inblock7194, the ESTSM server begins to backup the data stored on the mobile device. The ESTSM server will recover the data requested by the user during registration for the mobile device. Thus, if during ESTSM registration the user had selected recovery of contacts and calendar data, these items will be backed-up. In some embodiments of the invention, the user may specify other data for recovery such as Mobile Commerce (M-commerce) monetary information stored on the mobile device. The ESTSM server in some embodiments of the invention may request that the mobile device be placed into a disabled state and, thus, the application component in the mobile device sets the current state to “DISABLE” inblock7190. If the Cmd is “RESTORE” as shown inblock7180, the ESTSM server starts to restore thedata7199 backed up from the mobile device back to the original mobile device that may have been recovered or a new mobile device. After restoring the data to the mobile device, the ESTSM server places the mobile device into an active state. The application component in the mobile device sets the current state to “ACTIVE” inblock7196 and waits for sometime7155 before starting thestatus loop7140.

Turning now toFIG. 72, the states and transitions of a mobile device with SMS messages for activation and operation of ESTSM services is shown. A mobile device as shown inFIG. 45 including the ESTSM application component is initially in an “UNREGISTERED”state7205. After completion of the registration process, the ESTSM server sends a SMS message to the mobile device indicating that the device is registered with ESTSM and placing the mobile device into an “ACTIVATION PENDING”state7210. The mobile device sends a SMS confirmation message to the ESTSM server and transitions into an “ACTIVE”state7215. In some embodiments of the invention as shown inFIG. 72, the ESTSM server performs periodic backups of the data on the mobile device while in the “ACTIVE”state7215. While in the active state, the ESTSM server computer system communicates over the Internet with the user to determine if the mobile device has been reported stolen. If the device is reported stolen using the ESTSM website, the mobile device is placed into a “REPORTED STOLEN”state7225. The ESTSM server informs the mobile device via a secure communications channel to take the appropriate action based on the service options selected by the user (e.g. disabling the electronic device, destroying the storage device (e.g. hard disk drive (HDD)) data, recovering data, encrypting data and more). In some embodiments of the invention as shown inFIG. 72, if the user during registration had selected the basic service, the mobile device is disabled and placed into a “DISABLE”state7230. If the mobile device has been recovered or the user has purchased a new mobile device and the user re-enables the device using the ESTSM website, an SMS message is sent from the server to the mobile device placing the device into an “ENABLE PENDING”state7220. The mobile device sends an SMS confirmation message to the ESTSM server indicating that it has received the re-enablement SMS message from the ESTSM server. The mobile device is placed into the “ACTIVE”state7215.

If the user during registration had selected the data recovery service, the mobile device is placed into “BACKUP IN PROGRESS”state7235 and data on the mobile device is backed-up to the ESTSM server. If the data is backed up successfully, the mobile device is placed into “DISABLED DATA BACKUP” state7240, data on the device is deleted, and the mobile device is disabled. The mobile device may be transitioned to “ENABLE AFTER RECOVERY”state7245 from either the “BACKUP IN PROGRESS”state7235 or “DISABLED DATA BACKUP” state7240 if the user re-enables the mobile device while the data backup is in progress. Once the mobile device has been recovered or the user has purchased a new mobile device and the user re-enables the device using the ESTSM website, an SMS message is sent from the server to the mobile device placing the device into an “ENABLE AFTER RECOVERY”state7245. The mobile device sends an SMS confirmation message to the ESTSM server indicating that it has received the re-enablement SMS message from the ESTSM server. The mobile device is activated and placed into the “ACTIVE DATA BACKUP”state7250. The data that has been backed-up into the ESTSM server is restored into the new or re-enabled mobile device in the “RESTORE IN PROGRESS”state7260. After data has been restored into the mobile device, the device is placed into the “ACTIVE”state7215.

While the invention has been disclosed with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.