US20160234301A1 - Methods, Systems, and Devices for Bluetooth Low Energy Discovery - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure include methods, devices and systems for Bluetooth low energy discovery in wireless application service platforms. One example embodiment relates to transmitting, by a first terminal including a radio, a request message for seeking service, receiving, by a peer terminal, the request message for seeking service, transmitting to the first terminal, by the peer terminal, a response frame advertising service including service provider information.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority of U.S. provisional application No. 62/114,966 titled “Methods, Systems, and Devices for Bluetooth Low Energy Discovery” which was filed on Feb. 11, 2015, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
• Embodiments described herein generally relate to systems, methods and devices for Bluetooth low energy discovery, and more particularly to systems, methods and devices for Bluetooth low energy discovery in wireless application service platforms.
BACKGROUND
• A typical Wi-Fi network is deployed with control equipment known as wireless access points (APs), for example, base stations (BS s) or hot spots. The wireless APs provide service provisioning involving physical support for wired and wireless networks, bridging and routing between network equipment, and connection and release of the connection between network equipment.
• Wi-Fi Direct is a technology for enabling direct communication between Wi-Fi terminals without intervention of Wi-Fi APs that support connections between Wi-Fi terminals. A Wi-Fi terminal discovers a peer Wi-Fi terminal by device discovery and detects an intended service type by service discovery, thereby establishing a connection for Wi-Fi Direct communication with the peer Wi-Fi terminal.
• After device discovery, the Wi-Fi terminal may determine whether the discovered peer Wi-Fi terminal supports a specific service by service discovery, for Wi-Fi Direct communication. The service discovery only supports acquisition of information about service types supported by the peer Wi-Fi terminal. Therefore, even though the transmitting terminal acquires information about the services supported by the receiving terminal, it does not have knowledge of the receiving terminal's intention as to whether it will receive a specific file or service from the transmitting terminal.
• After allowing a device connection with the transmitting terminal, the receiving terminal does not know information (e.g. the name, file type, and the like) about the specific file or service until it starts to receive the file or service from the transmitting terminal. If the receiving terminal does not want to receive the file or service, the receiving terminal may cancel reception of the file or service during file transmission after a Wi-Fi Direct connection has already been established between the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal.
• In other words, Wi-Fi Direct provides a peer-to-peer connectivity to allow users to connect their devices in an easy and convenient manner to share, show, print, and synchronize content. Wi-Fi Direct devices may use probe request frame and probe response frame to discover Wi-Fi devices in the proximity, and then use P2P service discovery query/response frames to find supporting services in these devices. Once a Wi-Fi Direct device finds a matching service(s) in a target peer device, the device proceeds with setting up a P2P connection with the peer device.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of an example system to which a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Direct connection is applied, according to at least one embodiment;
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example Wi-Fi terminal, according to at least one embodiment;
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal, according to at least one embodiment;
• FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram of an example wireless communications stack including discovery and connectivity methods, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure;
• FIG. 5 depicts an example of an illustrative schematic message flow between components of a flexible connectivity framework system, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure;
• FIG. 6 illustrates a method for Bluetooth low energy (BLE) discovery, according to at least one embodiment;
• FIG. 7 illustrates an example format of BLE service advertising packet and Wi-Fi specific data field, according to at least one embodiment;
• FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for discovery via BLE, according to at least one embodiment;
• FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for discovery via BLE, according to at least one embodiment; and
• FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example instance of a computing device operating according to at least one embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices, for Bluetooth low energy discovery in wireless application service platforms.
• The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.
• The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device,” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device. The device may be either mobile or stationary.
• As used within this document, the term “communicate” is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed. The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wireless communication unit, which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
• The term “access point” (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, or some other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, a user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.
• Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.
• Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one-way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates a radio frequency identification (RFID) element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
• Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MCM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, ultra-wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks.
• Embodiments of the disclosure provide numerous technical effects and unobvious solutions over conventional methods. For example,FIG. 1 illustrates a configuration of anexample system100 to which a Wi-Fi Direct, peer-to-peer, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), orNFC radio connection130 may be applied according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
• InFIG. 1, a transmittingterminal110 and areceiving terminal120 are shown. The transmittingterminal110 may be a Wi-Fi terminal that may act as both a sender and a service seeker, and each of thereceiving terminals120 is a Wi-Fi terminal that may act as both a receiver and a service advertiser. For the convenience of description, the terms “transmitting terminal” and “receiving terminal” are used. One or more receivingterminals120 may exist. For example, each of the transmitting and receivingterminals110 and120 may be an electronic device having a built-in Wi-Fi module, which may be any of various electronic devices operating in conformance to at least one of many communication protocols used for various communication systems, such as a mobile communication terminal, a smart phone, a tablet, a phablet, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a digital broadcasting player, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a music player, a wearable computer device, a display device, a portable game console, a printer, a camera, or the like. Additionally, each of the transmitting and receivingterminals110 and120 may be included in a large-size or mid-size terminal such as a television (TV), a large format display (LFD), a digital signage (DS), a media pole, a personal computer (PC), a laptop, a printer, or a composite device.
• In accordance with an embodiment, theradio connection130 may be a Wi-FiDirect connection130 between thetransmitting terminal110 and a receivingterminal120 and establish a mutual Wi-Fi connection between the transmittingterminal110 and thereceiving terminal120 in a direct access (DA) mode. In thissystem100, the Wi-Fi terminals110 and120, which are in proximity to each other, may establish a Wi-Fi Direct connection with each other using their built-in Wi-Fi modules or Wi-Fi modules connected to them as periphery devices without the aid of an AP.
• The Wi-Fi terminals110 and120 may exchange information about their supported functions with each other. For example, when a user executes a Wi-Fi service-based application in the transmittingterminal110, the transmittingterminal110 may identify the supported function information received from the receiving terminal(s)120. The transmittingterminal110 may primarily select one or more receivingterminals120 according to a predetermined criterion, for example, one or more receivingterminals120 of the same manufacturer as that of the transmittingterminal110, referring to the supported function information. If one ormore receiving terminals120 are selected, the transmittingterminal110 may secondarily select a terminal supporting the Wi-Fi service of the application executed in the transmitting terminal110 from among the primarily selected terminals. If one ormore receiving terminals120 are secondarily selected, the transmittingterminal110 may select thebest receiving terminal120 for the Wi-Fi service according to the signal qualities, for example, signal strengths of the secondarily selected receiving terminals. The transmittingterminal110 may request execution of a related application to thebest receiving terminal120 by transmitting information about the executed application.
• While thesystem100 illustrated inFIG. 1 may establish a Wi-Fi Direct connection between the Wi-Fi terminals110 and120, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to Wi-Fi Direct connectivity. Specifically, certain embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to instances where the Wi-Fi terminals110 and120 use wireless local area network (WLAN) and instances where the Wi-Fi terminals110 and120 are connected through an AP.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example structure of a Wi-Fi terminal200 according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The Wi-Fi terminal structure may be applicable commonly to the above described transmitting and receivingterminals110 and120.
• In the embodiment described inFIG. 2, the Wi-Fi terminal200 may include a Wi-Fi module210, a user interface (UI)220, amemory230, and acontroller240. Besides the components, the Wi-Fi terminal200 may further include other various components according to its configuration. For example, the Wi-Fi terminal200 may further include at least one of a display to display a screen, a radio frequency (RF) module to perform a mobile communication function, an audio processor with a microphone and a speaker, a camera module to take a picture, a digital broadcasting module, and/or a Bluetooth communication module to perform a Bluetooth communication function, and/or a NFC communication module to perform a NFC communication function, which are recognized components by those skilled in the art.
• The Wi-Fi module210 may support internet protocol (IP)-based wireless communication between Wi-Fi terminals. The Wi-Fi module210 may include at least one of anAP module212 and a station (STA)module214. The Wi-Fi module210 may operate in an AP mode by waking up theAP module212 or in a non-AP mode (e.g. an STA mode) by waking up theSTA module214 under the control of thecontroller240. The non-AP mode (e.g. the STA mode) may refer to a mode in which the Wi-Fi terminal functions as a terminal in providing a Wi-Fi service. For example, the non-AP mode may be a mode in which the Wi-Fi terminal200 functions as the transmittingterminal110 as described before with reference toFIG. 1. The AP mode refers to a mode in which the Wi-Fi terminal200 functions as an AP in providing a Wi-Fi service.
• Wi-Fi terminal200 may include one or more radios (not shown) and antennas, such as one ormore antennas250 that enable the computing device to communicate with one or more other computing devices. When the Wi-Fi terminal200 operates as a sender, the Wi-Fi module210 may transmit information about attributes of a file to be transmitted under the control of thecontroller240 during the establishment of a Wi-Fi Direct connection with a peer Wi-Fi terminal. The file attribute information may be used to exchange service information before a connection is established between the Wi-Fi terminals. The file attribute information may be provided to give a hint to the peer Wi-Fi terminal as to whether incoming of a service session is to be accepted or rejected. For example, in the case of a transmission service of at least one file or content, the file attribute information may include at least one of a note(s) containing information relating to the file(s), the total size of the file(s), the number of files, and the name(s) of the file(s).
• When the Wi-Fi terminal200 operates as a receiver, the Wi-Fi module210 may receive file attribute information about a file to be transmitted by the peer Wi-Fi terminal during establishing a Wi-Fi Direct connection with the peer Wi-Fi terminal and provides the received file attribute information to thecontroller240. Thecontroller240 may provide the file attribute information to a user of the Wi-Fi terminal200 and asks the user whether the at least one file corresponding to the file attribute information should be received.
• TheUI220 may sense and/or receive a user's manipulation, generate an input signal corresponding to the sensed user's manipulation, provide the input signal to thecontroller240, and display or otherwise output information for the user under the control of thecontroller240. For some or all of these purposes, theUI220 may include at least one of one or more logical or physical buttons, a display, a touch screen, a gesture sensing module, a speaker, and/or a microphone. More particularly, theUI220 may include one or more input devices and/or techniques to generate a user input signal related to execution of a Wi-Fi function for a Wi-Fi service, for example, a user input signal related to initiation of a connection setup between Wi-Fi terminals, selection of a file to be transmitted, or acceptance or rejection of file transmission. In addition, theUI220 may include an output device and/or technique to display information about a file to be received.
• Thememory230 may store program codes and data that are executed and processed in the Wi-Fi terminal200. Thememory230 may include one or more volatile memory devices and/or one or more non-volatile memory devices. For example, thememory230 may permanently or temporarily store an operating system (OS) of the Wi-Fi terminal200, information and data exchanged through the Wi-Fi module210, at least one file to be transmitted, and information about the at least one file.
• Thecontroller240 may facilitate overall control of the Wi-Fi terminal200. Thecontroller240 may control operations related to execution of functions used to provide a Wi-Fi service in the Wi-Fi terminal200. Thecontroller240 may also control operations related to a file transmission service in the Wi-Fi terminal200. Specifically, thecontroller240 may generate file attribute information about a file to be transmitted based on the file itself and/or a user input or retrieves the file attribute information from thememory230, and control the Wi-Fi module210 to transmit the file attribute information to the peer terminal. In addition, thecontroller240 may interpret received file attributed information about a file to be received from the peer Wi-Fi terminal, output the file attribute information through theUI220, and receive information about a user intention from theUI220. If the user does not accept the file transmission, thecontroller240 may command the Wi-Fi module210 to discontinue setup of a Wi-Fi Direct connection with the peer Wi-Fi terminal.
• Operations of thecontroller240 according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below. Besides the above-described operations, thecontroller240 may perform control operations related to typical functions of the Wi-Fi terminal200. For example, thecontroller240 may control a communication function using a mobile communication network, when an application is executed based on the communication function. When an application having a communication function is executed, thecontroller240 may also control the communication function.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example transmitting terminal and receiving terminal according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. InFIG. 3, within a transmittingterminal310, a transmittingunit312 may transmit, in a predetermined message or frame, file attribute information about a file to be transmitted by the transmittingunit312 to a receiving terminal320 during Wi-Fi Direct connection setup or Wi-Fi AP connection setup. The message or frame may be a message available for a Wi-Fi Direct service, for example, a genetic advertisement service (GAS) initial request action frame or a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) public action frame.
• A receivingunit314 may receive information about a user intention as to whether a user of the receiving terminal320 will accept or reject file transmission. The user intention information may be transmitted, for example, in a GAS initial request action frame or a P2P public action frame. Acontrol unit316 may determine, based on the user intention information received from the receiving terminal320, whether to continue or discontinue the Wi-Fi connection setup with the receiving terminal320.
• In the receiving terminal320, a receivingunit324 may receive from the transmittingterminal310 file attribute information about a file to be transmitted by the transmittingterminal310. A transmittingunit322 may transmit information about the user intention as to whether the user of the receiving terminal320 will accept or reject the file transmission to the transmittingterminal310 under the control of acontrol unit326. Thecontrol unit326 may ask the user whether the transmission service from the transmittingterminal310 should be accepted based on the received file attribute information, and may generate and transmit the user intention information to the transmitunit322. Thecontrol unit326 may determine, based on the user intention information, whether to continue or discontinue the Wi-Fi Direct connection setup with the transmittingterminal310.
• Certain embodiments of the present disclosure may be directed to techniques for making a wireless direct service, referred to as a Wi-Fi Direct Service (WFDS), available using an application service platform (ASP).
• With the emergence of applications around social networking, Internet of Things (IoT), wireless docking, etc., there is a need to design extremely low power solutions that may always be powered on. Multiple efforts are ongoing in the wireless industry to address this challenge. In the Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA), the Neighbor Aware Networking (NAN) program is defining a background, low power Wi-Fi device and service discovery mechanism. Bluetooth Low Energy also provides a power efficient mechanism for some of use cases. In addition, the Bluetooth special interest group is in the process of starting a low power service discovery program, for example, WiFi, WiGig, ZigBee, 3GPP, applications. The newly established WiFi Alliance ASP2 (Application Service Platform Release 2) program extends the mechanism of WiFi Direct discovery to Bluetooth LE discovery and extends WiFi Direct connectivity to WiFi infrastructure and NAN data link. For example, two devices may use Bluetooth LE to discover each other and then set up a data session over WiFi Infrastructure.
• Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for Bluetooth low energy discovery in Wi-Fi ASPs. One example procedure includes a) a two-way Bluetooth message exchange, or optionally 4-way, or 6-way message exchange, to trigger a Wi-Fi radio, b) the use of Wi-Fi P2P discovery, Wi-Fi Aware (NAN), or Wi-Fi infrastructure discovery, and c) the start/setup of a data session over P2P connectivity, NAN Data Link, or Wi-Fi infrastructure. Although connectivity radios described with reference to example embodiments disclosed herein is Wi-Fi, this invention may be applied to other wireless protocols, such as WiGig, ZigBee, to name a few.
• FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram of an example wireless communications stack400 including discovery and connectivity methods using a flexible connectivity framework (FCF) and based on Application Service Platform 2.0 (ASP2), in accordance with one or more embodiments of the disclosure.
• The wireless communication stack ofFIG. 4 includes a set ofservices404 and an application service platform (ASP)406. Theservices404 may include various services that may be provided or used by a user device420 such as, but not limited to, a send service, a play service, a print service, a display service, a Wi-Fi serial bus (WSB) service, a docking service, or other services. Theservices404 may support wireless serial protocols, such as Wi-Fi serial bus (WSB). Theservices404 may be any service defined by the ASP and/or ASP2, which may be referred to for more detail, such as sending content, playing content, printing content, displaying content, docking, WSB, etc. TheASP406 may provide discovery and topology mechanisms and asecurity mechanism412. FCF may include the functions ofdiscovery408,topology410 andsecurity412.Discovery408 refers to the ability of the user device(s)420 to discover each other using one or more protocols. For example, under ASP2,discovery408 may include, in addition to P2P discovery, Wi-Fi Aware data path discovery, BLE discovery, and NFC discovery.Topology410 may include connectivity topologies that facilitate the connection between the two or more user device(s)420. For example,topology410 may use Wi-Fi infrastructure and Wi-Fi Aware data path.
• In one embodiment, FCF may provide the capability of utilizing the various discovery methods and connectivity methods to provide a unified application interface to allow applications/users to specify services and connections without the need for the user to select the discovery or connectivity method. For example, an advertiser (e.g., user device420) and a seeker (e.g., user device420) may not know what type of connectivity that they could connect through in order to share services.
• FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating anexample communication flow500 of a Wi-Fi Direct connection or service session setup, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. More specifically,FIG. 5 illustrates 6-ways message exchange530 between a device A510 (e.g. a service advertiser) and device B520 (e.g. a service seeker or subscriber) to use BLE radio to trigger Wi-Fi Discovery in Wi-Fi Application Service Platform applications. As illustrated inFIG. 5, the BLE device who is anadvertiser510 may advertise all offered services in a BLE advertise message (ADV_IND). Optionally, the receiving device may transmit a scan request message (SCAN_REQ) to get Connectivity Capability and Connection Information from the advertiser via a scan response message (SCAN_RES). A BLE device performing in the role of aseeker520 scans to find other devices that support the desired services. If the seeker device finds the desired services, the seeker device may transmit a BLE advertise message (ADV-IND) to trigger Wi-Fi Discovery. Optionally, theadvertiser510 may transmit a scan request message (SCAN_REQ) to the seeker to confirm to trigger Wi-Fi Discovery, and the seeker device may then transmit a scan response message (SCAN_RES) to provide the connectivity information.
• In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, a Wi-Fi device that is continuously running BLE, such a Wi-Fi device may utilize the BLE radio for discover desired services. Wi-Fi radio may be active when desired services are found.
• InFIG. 5, the device A (also referred to herein as terminal B)510 may act as a service advertiser and the device B (also referred to herein as terminal A)520 may act as a service seeker or subscriber. In a file transmission service,terminal A510 is a receiving terminal andterminal B520 is a transmitting terminal. A connection may be established betweenterminal A510 andterminal B520 through Wi-Fi P2P interfaces or an AP interface.
• The following paragraphs describe in further detail messages M1-M6 illustrated inFIG. 5. Message1 (M1): M1 may be an ADV-IND packet. M1 may be used for an Advertiser to advertise the offered services. In ADV_IND packet, WFA specific data may include the WFA Header field: Bit0-Bit3 may be set to ASP2;Bit4 may be set to Advertiser; Device ID: a 6-bytes MAC address to identify transmitting Wi-Fi device, device ID may be changed to avoid tracking; Service ID list: the Advertiser may offer services list. Service ID may be 6 bytes hash of Service Name. In one M1, maximum of 4 Service IDs may be included. If the advertiser offers more than 4 services, the advertiser may send another M1, for example.
• Message2 (M2): M2 may be SCAN_REQ. M2 is used by the Seeker to request connectivity information.
• Message3 (M2): M3 may be SCAN_RES, in responding of SCAN_REQ. In SCAN_RES packet, WFA specific data may include the following fields: WFA Header field: Bit0-Bit3 is set to ASP2;Bit4 is set to Advertiser; Device ID: a 6-bytes MAC address to identify transmitting Wi-Fi device (Device ID may be changed to avoid tracking); Connectivity Capability: one byte to indicate what connectivity is support. For example: Bit0: Wi-Fi Direct; Bit1: Wi-Fi infrastructure; Bit2: NAN; Bit3: IBSS, etc.; Connectivity Information: Connectivity information may include a set of Wi-Fi connection information to assist to start Wi-Fi discovery or connectivity. For example, if Wi-Fi Direct is supported, this field shall include P2P interface address and P2P Listen channel/band. If NAN is supported, this field shall include NAN interface, NAN Cluster ID, and Availability (Channel/band and time slot). If Wi-Fi infrastructure is supported, this filed shall include IP Address subnet mask, etc.
• Message4 (M4): M4 may be an ADV-IND, and is used by Seeker to trigger Wi-Fi Radio or Wi-Fi Discovery. In ADV-IND packet, WFA specific data may include the following fields: WFA Header field: Bit0-Bit3 is set to ASP2;Bit4 is set to Seeker; Device ID: a 6-bytes MAC address to identify transmitting Wi-Fi device (Device ID may be changed to avoid tracking); Connectivity Capability: one byte to indicate what connectivity is support. For example Bit0: Wi-Fi Direct; Bit1: Wi-Fi infrastructure; Bit2: NAN; Bit3: IBSS, etc.; Connectivity Information: Connectivity information may include a set of Wi-Fi connection information to assist to start Wi-Fi discovery or connectivity. For example, if Wi-Fi Direct is supported, this field shall include P2P interface address and P2P Listen channel/band. If NAN is supported, this field shall include NAN interface, NAN Cluster ID, and Availability (Channel/band and time slot). If Wi-Fi infrastructure is supported, this filed may include IP Address, subnet mask, etc.
• Message5 (M5): M5 may be SCAN_REQ. M2 is used by the Advertiser to confirm starting Wi-Fi Radio or staring Wi-Fi Discovery, optionally. Seeker may start Wi-Fi radio or Wi-Fi discovery without waiting for conformation.
• Message6 (M6): M6 may be SCAN_RES, in response of SCAN_REQ. The contents in SCAN_RES may be same as the contents in M4, for example.
• According to one example embodiment, interminal A510, a service process may advertise a service(s) to an ASP of theTerminal A510 by an AdvertiseService command so that another terminal, for example, terminal B may discover an ASP session related to the advertised service(s) and be initialized. When an application is executed and a service use command is generated to transmit a specific file in terminal B, a service process of terminal B may transmit a SeekService command requesting service discovery to an ASP of terminal B. In response to the command, the ASP of terminal B may transmit a P2P Probe Request with a hash value generated based on a service name to the ASP of terminal A in operation. In other words, the seeker may send a request message with a list of service identities, for example, in operation.
• The ASP of terminal A may judge whether the hash value of the service name to be advertised is matched to the hash value received in the P2P probe request. If the hash values are matched, the ASP of terminal A may transmit a P2P probe response to the ASP of terminal B. The P2P probe response may include the service name confirmed by hash matching and the advertisement ID of the service to be advertised from terminal A. In other words, the service advertiser may send a response message to the seeker with a list of service providers' information.
• The ASP of terminal B may transmit the service name to be connected and a service information request, including additional information needed for service discovery, to terminal A through a P2P service discovery request. The ASP of terminal A may determine whether there is a string matched to the service name and service information received in the P2P service discovery request. Upon detection of the matched string, the terminal A may transmit a P2P service discovery response including the name and advertisement ID of the service and a service status to the terminal B. The service status may indicate whether the terminal A accepts connection of the service.
• The ASP of terminal B may transmit, to the service process, a terminal list including at least one terminal, including the terminal A identified by the P2P service discovery response. The service process may indicate the terminal list to a user by the application. Inoperation550, the application may sense a user input that selects at least one terminal in the terminal list and notify the service process of the selected terminal. The service process may request a session connection setup with the selected terminal to the ASP of terminal B.
• Inoperation540, the ASP of terminal B may transmit a P2P provision discovery request including session information, which may represent file attribute information about one or more files to be transmitted and connection capabilities, to the ASP of terminal A and may also transmit a ConnectStatus event indicating transmission of a service request to the service process of terminal B. The P2P provision discovery request may include at least one of the number, total size, and names of the file(s), as the file attribute information. The ASP of terminal A may transmit to the ASP of terminal B a P2P provision discovery response indicating successful reception of the P2P provision discovery request, which may include a status code that requests deferral of a service request until a user input is confirmed. The ASP of terminal B may transmit a ConnectStatus event indicating deferral of the service request to the service process. The service process of terminal B may recognize deferral of the service request until a user intention of terminal A is confirmed and may activate a timer in response to the ConnectStatus event. The timer may be reset when a P2P provision discovery request, indicating the user intention, is received from terminal A.
• The ASP of terminal A may notify the service process of the session request in response to the P2P provision discovery request received from terminal B. When needed, the service process of terminal A may activate an application of the Wi-Fi Direct service and may transmit session information with the file attribute information to the application.
• In certain embodiments, an additional operation may be executed, wherein the application of terminal A may request auser input550 by displaying information about the files on a screen based on the file attribute information read from the session information. Upon detection of auser input550 indicating acceptance of the file transmission service, the application may notify the service process of the user acceptance and the service process may transmit a SessionConfirm command indicating confirmation of a session setup to the ASP of terminal A. When transmitting the session information to the application, the service process of terminal A may activate a timer. When a user input is received, the timer may be reset. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, if a user input has not been detected before expiration of the timer, the service process of terminal A may transmit a SessionConfirm command indicating acceptance of the file transmission service according to a presetting in the ASP.
• Inoperation540, the ASP of terminal A may transmit a P2P provision discovery request including a status code indicating acceptance and, when needed, the session information to the ASP of terminal B in response to the SessionConfirm command received from the service process. The ASP of terminal B may provide a ConnectStatus event indicating acceptance of the service request to the service process and continuously perform the remaining operations of the session setup procedure.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a 2-way message exchange600 to use BLE radio to trigger Wi-Fi Discovery in Wi-Fi Application Service Platform applications. In this example,device B620 may send an advertisement packet ADV todevice A610, which may include information about offered or desired service, discovery capability of device B and discovery information. If there is a service marched with device A, then device A may send a second advertisement packet ADV to device B, which may include the matched service ID, the advertisement ID, discover capability for device A, and discovery information. After the BLE discovery procedure is completed at630, device A and device B may perform Wi-Fi discovery including P2P discovery, NAN discovery, orinfrastructure discovery640 as discussed in the above example embodiments.
• FIG. 7 illustrates an example format of a BLE DOTService Advertising packet720 that may be used in conjunction with the embodiment disclosed inFIGS. 5 and 6, for example. In the field of SDS Header and Length, Bit0-Bit2 may be used for SDS header. Bit3-Bit7 may be used to specify the length of the following Org-Specific data (e.g., WFA Specific data). In the WiFi Alliance (WFA) specific data field, the first field may be a WFA header field. TheWFA header field730 may be defined, for example, as illustrated at the bottom onFIG. 7, which may include the WFA subtype in Bit0-Bit3 indicating the subtype of WFA use, for example, 0000=ASP2. TheWFA header730 may also include seeker or advertiser information inBit4, for example,Bit4=0 for Advertiser, andBit4=1 for Seeker. The WFA header may also include availability inBit5, forexample Bit5=0 for unavailable, andBit5=1 for available. TheWFA header730 may also include reserved bits6-7, which may be reserved for additional information.
• According to one example embodiment, the service identity (SID) may be a 6 octet hash value of the service name. It should be noted, however, that service hash and service identity are defined and used in the Wi-Fi Alliance WFDS technical specification. Service identity may be carried in the request message, as described above. According to one or more embodiments, service provider information (SPI) attribute may include a set of data points for the API interface that provides the corresponding service. The SPI attribute may be carried in the response message or unsolicited advertisement. The SPI attribute may include information, such as for example, a service ID which may indicate the service that the device may provide, an advertisement ID which may indicate an advertisement identifier of an instance that may provide the service, and/or a service media access control (MAC) address which may indicate the interface used by the device to provide service. For example, if the device provides a print service on the Wi-Fi Direct interface, then the service MAC address may be the device address of the Wi-Fi Direct interface. The SPI attribute may include additional information, such as for example, a network information mode, which may be conveyed using bit information. For example,Bit0 andBit1 may convey a connection type, in that 00 may indicate the service is provided via a P2P link, while 01 may indicate the service is provided via AP infrastructure link, and 10, 11 may indicate that the network is reserved. Similarly, Bit2 may indicate that the regulatory class and channel fields are included; Bit3 may indicate that the basic service set identification (BSSID) field is included;Bit4 may indicate that the service set identification (SSID) field is included;Bit5 may indicate that the network ID is included; and Bits6 and7 may indicate that the network is reserved. The SPI attribute may include additional information, such as for example, a regulatory class, channel information, BSSID, SSID, and/or a network ID. A regulatory class may indicate the frequency band at which the AP/group owner may be currently operating or the P2P device may be listening, for example. Channel information may indicate the channel number corresponding to the indicated regulatory class on which the AP/group owner may be currently operating, or the P2P device may be listening. BSSID may refer to AP's or group owner's MAC address, for example, SSID may refer to SSID of the AP's or group owner's to associate with in order to be connected with the network interface of the device, and network ID may refer to portion of the IP address that is used to identify devices on a network such as a local area network or the Internet. The length of SPI attribute may vary from 17 octets to 79 octets. However, if the SPI is included in a BLE packet, the first 19 octets may be recommended to be included due to BLE packet length constraints. In other words, the length of a BLE adverting payload may be up to 27 octets: 5 bytes may be overhead and up to 22 bytes may be available for SIG/SDO use.
• In some embodiments, the discovery procedure may include a seeker transmitting a request message including a list of service identities, and an advertiser transmitting a response message including a list of service provider information in response to the request message. An advertiser may also transmit an advertisement message (unsolicited response) that may include a list of service provider information, for example. If multiple service provider information attributes for a service are available, the order in which the list of service provider information is included in the frame may indicate the corresponding order of preference. That is, the higher in priority, the earlier in the list of the service, for example. Once the Seeker receives service provider information, the seeker may proceed with service discovery (optional, may be either P2P link or AP infrastructure), P2P provision discovery (optional, only applied to an ASP session over P2P link), and establish an ASP session over corresponding network link that is provided in the service provider information, for example.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram showing operations in an example discovery process via BLE discovery, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 8, inoperation810, a first wireless device (e.g. an advertiser) may transmit a BLE Adv frame to advertise (unsolicited response) with service provider information, for example. Inoperation820, in response to the BLE Adv frame, a second wireless device (e.g. a seeker) may transmit a BLE Scan_Req frame to request more information for the respective service, for example. Inoperation830, in response to the BLE Scan_Req, the first device (the advertiser) may respond with a BLE Scan_Response frame including service provider information, for example.
• FIG. 9 illustrates a flow diagram showing operations in an example discovery process via BLE discovery, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown inFIG. 9, from the perspective of the advertiser device, inoperation910, a first wireless device (e.g. an advertiser) may transmit a first advertisement frame including service information related to one or more services offered by the first wireless device. Inoperation920, the first wireless device may receive a first scan request frame from a second device requesting additional information related to the one or more services offered by the first device. Inoperation930, the first wireless device may transmit a first scan response frame including connectivity capability information of the first wireless device. Inoperation940, the first wireless device may receive a second advertisement frame comprising a service desired by the second device. Inoperation950, the first wireless device may transmit a second scan request frame requesting connectivity information from the second device. Inoperation960, the first wireless device may receive the connectivity information from the second device.
• Certain technical effects or solutions may be accomplished by certain embodiments of the disclosure, for example, embodiments disclosed herein may provide data that needs to be processed at the application/service level in the context of what the application/service accomplishes in order to determine how to connect to the discovered device so that the resulting user experience is the best, for example. Example embodiments disclosed herein may reduce the number of management frames used by Wi-Fi for device/service discovery, extend battery life due to the use of low power discovery mechanisms, and enable faster discovery and as a result faster ASP session establishment, for example. It should be appreciated that the above examples of technical effects and/or solutions of the present disclosure are merely illustrative and that numerous other technical effects and/or solutions may exist.
• FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example instance of acomputing device1000 operating according to methods in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.FIG. 10 illustrates only one particular example ofcomputing device1000, and other examples ofcomputing device1000 may be used in other instances. Although shown inFIG. 10 as a stand-alone computing device1000 for purposes of example, a computing device may be any component or system that includes one or more processors or other suitable computing environment for executing software instructions and, for example, need not necessarily include one or more elements shown inFIG. 10 (e.g.,input devices1004, user interface devices1010, output devices1012).
• As shown in the specific example ofFIG. 10,computing device1000 may include one ormore processors1002, one ormore input devices1004, one ormore communication units1006, one ormore output devices1012, one or more storage devices1008, and user interface (UI) device1010, andwireless communication module1026.Computing device1000 may also include one ormore radios1020, such as for example one ormore antennas1020, that enable the computing device to communicate with one or more other computing devices.Computing device1000, in one example, further includes wireless communications stack1018,authorization module1020, one ormore applications1022, andoperating system1016 that are executable bycomputing device1000. Each ofcomponents1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012, and1026 are coupled (physically, communicatively, and/or operatively) for inter-component communications. In some examples,communication channels1014 may include a system bus, a network connection, an inter-process communication data structure, or any other method for communicating data. As one example inFIG. 10,components1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012, and1026 may be coupled by one ormore communication channels1014. Wireless communications stack1018,authorization module1020, and one ormore applications1022 may also communicate information with one another as well as with other components incomputing device1000. While illustrated as separate modules, any one or more ofmodules1018 or1020 may be implemented as part of any ofapplications1022.
• Processors1002, in one example, are configured to implement functionality and/or process instructions for execution withincomputing device1000. For example,processors1002 may be capable of processing instructions stored in storage device1008. Examples ofprocessors1002 may include, any one or more of a microprocessor, a controller, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or equivalent discrete or integrated logic circuitry.
• One or more storage devices1008 may be configured to store information withincomputing device1000 during operation. Storage device1008, in some examples, is described as a computer-readable storage medium. In some examples, storage device1008 is a temporary memory, meaning that a primary purpose of storage device1008 is not long-term storage. Storage device708, in some examples, is described as a volatile memory, meaning that storage device708 does not maintain stored contents when the computer is turned off. Examples of volatile memories include random access memories (RAM), dynamic random access memories (DRAM), static random access memories (SRAM), and other forms of volatile memories known in the art. In some examples, storage device1008 is used to store program instructions for execution byprocessors1002. Storage device1008, in one example, is used by software or applications running oncomputing device1000 to temporarily store information during program execution.
• Storage devices1008, in some examples, may also include one or more computer-readable storage media. Storage devices1008 may be configured to store larger amounts of information than volatile memory. Storage devices1008 may further be configured for long-term storage of information. In some examples, storage devices1008 may include non-volatile storage elements. Examples of such non-volatile storage elements include magnetic hard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms of electrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable (EEPROM) memories.
• Computing device1000, in some examples, may also include one ormore communication units1006.Computing device1000, in one example, may utilizecommunication unit1006 to communicate with external devices via one or more networks, such as one or more wireless networks.Communication unit1006 may be a network interface card, such as an Ethernet card, an optical transceiver, a radio frequency transceiver, or any other type of device that may send and receive information. Other examples of such network interfaces may include Bluetooth, 7G and Wi-Fi radios computing devices as well as universal serial bus (USB). In some examples,computing device1000 may utilizecommunication unit1006 to wirelessly communicate with an external device such as a server.
• In addition, thecomputing device1000 may includewireless communication module1026. As described herein,wireless communication module1026 may be active hardware that is configured to communicate with other wireless communication devices. These wireless communication devices may operate according to Bluetooth, Ultra-Wideband radio, Wi-Fi, or other similar protocols. In some examples,wireless communication module1026 may be an external hardware module that is coupled withcomputing device1000 via a bus (such as via a universal serial bus (USB) port).Wireless communication module1026, in some examples, may also include software which may, in some examples, be independent fromoperating system1016, and which may, in some other examples, be a sub-routine ofoperating system1016.
• Computing device1000, in one example, also includes one ormore input devices1004.Input device1004, in some examples, is configured to receive input from a user through tactile, gesticular, audio, or video feedback. Examples ofinput device1004 include a presence-sensitive display, a mouse, a keyboard, a voice responsive system, video camera, gesture detection and/or capture device, microphone or any other type of device for detecting a command from a user.
• One ormore output devices1012 may also be included incomputing device1000.Output device1012, in some examples, is configured to provide output to a user using tactile, audio, or video stimuli.Output device1012, in one example, may include a presence-sensitive display, a sound card, a video graphics adapter card, or any other type of device for converting a signal into an appropriate form understandable to humans or machines. Additional examples ofoutput device1012 may include a speaker, a cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor, a liquid crystal display (LCD), or any other type of device that may generate intelligible output to a user. In some examples, user interface (UI) device1010 may include functionality ofinput device1004 and/oroutput device1012.
• Computing device1000 may includeoperating system1016.Operating system1016, in some examples, may control the operation of components ofcomputing device1000. For example,operating system1016, in one example, may facilitate the communication of wireless communications stack1018, andapplication1022 withprocessors1002,communication unit1006, storage device1008,input device1004, user interface device1010,wireless communication module1026, andoutput device1012. Wireless communications stack1018 andapplication1022 may also include program instructions and/or data that are executable bycomputing device1000. As one example,modules1018,1020, and1022 may include instructions that causecomputing device1000 to perform one or more of the operations and actions described in the present disclosure.
• In one or more examples, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over, as one or more instructions or code, a computer-readable medium and executed by a hardware-based processing unit. Computer-readable media may include computer-readable storage media, which corresponds to a tangible medium such as data storage media, or communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another, e.g., according to a communication protocol. In this manner, computer-readable media generally may correspond to (1) tangible computer-readable storage media which is non-transitory or (2) a communication medium such as a signal or carrier wave. Data storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, code and/or data structures for implementation of the methods described in this disclosure. A computer program product may include a computer-readable medium.
• By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, Flash memory, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if instructions are transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. It should be understood, however, that computer-readable storage media and data storage media do not include connections, carrier waves, signals, or other transient media, but are instead directed to non-transient, tangible storage media. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
• Instructions may be executed by one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general purpose microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Accordingly, the term “processor,” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable for implementation of the methods described herein. In addition, in some aspects, the functionality described herein may be provided within dedicated hardware and/or software modules configured for encoding and decoding, or incorporated in a combined codec. Also, the example methods described above could be fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements.
• The example methods of this disclosure may be implemented in a wide variety of devices or apparatuses, including a wireless handset, an integrated circuit (IC) or a set of ICs (e.g., a chip set). Various components, modules, or units are described in this disclosure to emphasize functional aspects of devices configured to perform the disclosed example methods, but do not necessarily require realization by different hardware units. Rather, as described above, various units may be combined in a codec hardware unit or provided by a collection of interoperative hardware units, including one or more processors as described above, in conjunction with suitable software and/or firmware.
Example Embodiments
• One example embodiment is a wireless device for performing Bluetooth low energy (BLE) discovery in a wireless environment. The device may include a BLE radio, at least one memory device including computer-executable instructions, and at least one processor configured to access the computer-executable instructions to perform the operations of transmitting a first advertisement frame may including service information related to one or more services offered or sought by the wireless device, and receiving a second advertisement frame may including a matched service identification of at least one service offered or sought by the wireless device. The first advertisement frame further may also include discovery capability of the wireless device or discovery information of the wireless device. The second advertisement frame may also include a second advertisement identification, discovery capability of a second wireless device sending the second advertisement frame, or discovery information of the second wireless device. The device may also be configured to establish a BLE connection with the second wireless device based at least in part on the matched service identification, and perform a Wi-Fi discovery operation. The first advertisement frame and/or the second advertisement frame may include an advertisement length, a service discovery data advertisement type, organization identification, SDS header or length, or organization specific data. The first advertisement frame and/or the second advertisement frame may include a Wi-Fi alliance subtype, a seeker or advertiser identification, availability information, or reserved bits.
• Another example embodiment is a method for Bluetooth low energy (BLE) discovery in a wireless environment. The method includes transmitting, by a first device may including a radio, at least one memory device including computer-executable instructions, and at least one processor configured to access the computer-executable instructions, a first advertisement frame may including service information related to one or more services offered or sought by the first device, and receiving, by the first device, a second advertisement frame may including a matched service identification of at least one service offered or sought by the first device. The first advertisement frame further may include discovery capability of the first device or discovery information of the first device. The second advertisement frame further may include a second advertisement identification, discovery capability of a second device sending the second advertisement frame, or discovery information of the second device. The method may also include establishing, by the first device, a BLE connection with the second device based at least in part on the matched service identification, and performing, by the first device, a Wi-Fi discovery operation. The first advertisement frame and/or the second advertisement frame may include an advertisement length, a service discovery data advertisement type, organization identification, SDS header or length, or organization specific data. The header in the first advertisement frame and/or the second advertisement frame may include a Wi-Fi alliance subtype, a seeker or advertiser identification, availability information, or reserved bits.
• Another example embodiment is a method for Bluetooth low energy (BLE) discovery in a wireless environment. The method may include transmitting, by a first device may including at least one memory device including computer-executable instructions and at least one processor configured to access the computer-executable instructions, a first advertisement frame may including service information related to one or more services offered by the first device, receiving, by the first device, a first scan request frame requesting additional information related to the one or more services offered by the first device, transmitting, by the first device, a first scan response frame may including connectivity capability information of the first device, receiving, by the first device, a second advertisement frame may including a service desired by a second device, transmitting, by the first device, a second scan request frame requesting connectivity information from the second device, and receiving, by the first device, connectivity information from the second device. The first scan response frame further may include device identification of the first device or connectivity information of the first device. The second advertisement frame further may include connectivity capability of the second device or device identification of the second device. The first advertisement frame further may include discovery capability of the first device or discovery information of the first device. The second advertisement frame further may include a second advertisement identification, discovery capability of a second device sending the second advertisement frame, or discovery information of the second device. The method may also include establishing, by the first device, a BLE connection with the second device based at least in part on the matched service identification, and performing, by the first device, a Wi-Fi discovery operation. The first advertisement frame and/or the second advertisement frame may include an advertisement length, a service discovery data advertisement type, organization identification, SDS header or length, or organization specific data. The header in the first advertisement frame and/or the second advertisement frame may include a Wi-Fi alliance subtype, a seeker or advertiser identification, availability information, or reserved bits.
• The above description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of certain embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.
• The terms used in the above description and following claims are not limited to their dictionary meanings, but, are merely used to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
• It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a component surface” includes reference to one or more of such surfaces. The term “substantially” means that the recited characteristic, parameter, or value need not be achieved exactly, but that deviations or variations, including for example, tolerances, measurement error, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors known to those of skill in the art, may occur in amounts that do not preclude the effect the characteristic was intended to provide.

Claims (20)

What is claimed is:

1. A wireless device for performing Bluetooth low energy (BLE) discovery, comprising:

a BLE radio,

at least one memory device including computer-executable instructions, and

at least one processor configured to access the computer-executable instructions to perform the operations of:

causing to transmit by the BLE radio a first advertisement frame comprising service information related to one or more services offered or sought by the wireless device; and

identifying a second advertisement frame received by the BLE radio, the second advertisement frame comprising a matched service identification of at least one service offered or sought by the wireless device.

2. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the first advertisement frame further comprises discovery capability of the wireless device or discovery information of the wireless device.

3. The device ofclaim 2, wherein the second advertisement frame further comprises a second advertisement identification, discovery capability of a second wireless device sending the second advertisement frame, or discovery information of the second wireless device.

4. The device ofclaim 3, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:

perform a Wi-Fi discovery operation based at least in part on the matched service identification.

5. The device ofclaim 1, wherein the first advertisement frame or the second advertisement frame comprises an advertisement length, a service discovery data advertisement type, organization identification, SDS header or length, or organization specific data.

6. The device ofclaim 1, wherein a header in the first advertisement frame or the second advertisement frame comprises a Wi-Fi alliance subtype, a seeker or advertiser identification, availability information, or reserved bits.

7. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions that when executed by a processor cause the operations of:

causing to transmit, by a first device comprising a radio and the processor, a first advertisement frame comprising service information related to one or more services offered or sought by the first device; and

identifying, by the first device, that a second advertisement frame is received, the second advertisement frame comprising a matched service identification of at least one service offered or sought by the first device.

8. The medium ofclaim 7, wherein the first advertisement frame further comprises discovery capability of the first device or discovery information of the first device.

9. The medium ofclaim 8, wherein the second advertisement frame further comprises a second advertisement identification, discovery capability of a second device sending the second advertisement frame, or discovery information of the second device.

10. The medium ofclaim 9, further comprising:

performing, by the first device, a Wi-Fi discovery operation based at least in part on the matched service identification.

11. The medium ofclaim 7, wherein the first advertisement frame or the second advertisement frame comprises an advertisement length, a service discovery data advertisement type, organization identification, SDS header or length, or organization specific data.

12. The medium ofclaim 7, wherein a header in the first advertisement frame or the second advertisement frame comprises a Wi-Fi alliance subtype, a seeker or advertiser identification, availability information, or reserved bits.

13. A method for Bluetooth low energy (BLE) discovery, the method comprising:

causing to transmit, by a first device comprising at least one memory device including computer-executable instructions and at least one processor configured to access the computer-executable instructions, a first advertisement frame comprising service information related to one or more services offered by the first device;

identifying, by the first device, that a first scan request frame requesting additional information related to the one or more services offered by the first device is received;

causing to transmit, by the first device, a first scan response frame comprising connectivity capability information of the first device;

identifying, by the first device, that a second advertisement frame comprising a service desired by a second device is received;

causing to transmit, by the first device, a second scan request frame requesting connectivity information from the second device; and

identifying, by the first device, that connectivity information from the second device is received.

14. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the first scan response frame further comprises device identification of the first device or connectivity information of the first device.

15. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the second advertisement frame further comprises connectivity capability of the second device or device identification of the second device.

16. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the first advertisement frame further comprises discovery capability of the first device or discovery information of the first device.

17. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the second advertisement frame further comprises a second advertisement identification, discovery capability of a second device sending the second advertisement frame, or discovery information of the second device.

18. The method ofclaim 13, further comprising:

performing, by the first device, a Wi-Fi discovery operation based at least in part on the matched service identification.

19. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the first advertisement frame or the second advertisement frame comprises an advertisement length, a service discovery data advertisement type, organization identification, SDS header or length, or organization specific data.

20. The method ofclaim 13, wherein a header in the first advertisement frame or the second advertisement frame comprises a Wi-Fi alliance subtype, a seeker or advertiser identification, availability information, or reserved bits.

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