US20160084528A1

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: US20160084528A1
Application number: US14/491,466
Authority: US
Inventors: John D. Sasser
Original assignee: McKinstry Co LLC
Current assignee: McKinstry Co LLC
Priority date: 2014-09-19
Filing date: 2014-09-19
Publication date: 2016-03-24
Also published as: US9285138B1

Abstract

A mobile system for simulating a thermal load and airflow expected in the operation of a data center includes a thermal energy source, an impeller and impeller drive unit, an outlet port, a frame and a ground engaging member. The thermal energy source provides thermal energy to air adjacent to the thermal energy source. The impeller controls a flow rate of air adjacent to the adjacent to the thermal energy source. The outlet port outputs the flowing air. The impeller drive unit drives the impeller at a frequency based on a determined airflow at the outlet port. The frame supports the thermal energy source, the impeller, the output port and the drive unit. The ground engaging member supports the frame and enables the mobility of the system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The disclosure relates generally to commissioning data centers and specifically to a mobile system employed to simulate an expected thermal and airflow load associated with a data center.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Modern data centers often include a substantial volume of electronic hardware components, such as processor, storage and packet management devices, and the like. Some of these devices generate heat when operated. For instance, a Blade Server system generates significant amounts of heat. Furthermore, the faster the devices are operated, generally the more heat generated. Because these devices are packaged in ever-increasing densities and operated at ever-increasing speeds, the heat density within operating data centers is increasing.

For those that design, build and operate data centers, dissipating this heat is a significant issue. Failure to adequately dissipate the heat may cause the electronics within the data center to malfunction or catastrophically fail. Such scenarios can lead to the disruption or downtime of the services provided by the data center. Disruption of data centers, even for a short amount of time, can lead to significant decreases in revenue. In the last several years, data center designers have implemented physical containment strategies as an efficiency strategy. Containment strategies include placing physical barriers to prevent the conditioned computer inlet air from mixing with the heated server exhaust air.

Accordingly, the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a facility must be designed to adequately dissipate the heat generated during the data center's operation. In a data center using containment, it is important to ensure that the HVAC system can produce sufficient airflow to deliver the rated cooling. Furthermore, testing the facility's HVAC system prior to installing the heat generating electronic components is desired. Accordingly, a need exists to simulate the expected heat generation of data centers without having to install and operate the associated electronics.

It has long been customary for organizations testing the data center's HVAC and electrical systems to use portable load banks. The load banks generate heat, but they do not adequately test airflow. There are also relatively small (4000 CFM) fan devices which can be mounted in server cabinets and simulate the server airflow. Typically, when a facility such as this is commissioned, there are no server cabinets, so it is impractical to use these small, cabinet-mounted fans. It is for these and other concerns that the following disclosure is offered.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure is directed towards mobile systems and methods of operating the mobile systems for simulating expected thermal loads. A first embodiment of a mobile system for simulating a thermal load expected in the operation of a data center includes a thermal energy source, an impeller and an outlet port. The system may include an impeller drive unit, a frame and at least one ground-engaging member. The thermal energy source provides thermal energy to air adjacent to the thermal energy source. The impeller controls a flow rate of air adjacent to the thermal energy source. The outlet port dispenses or outputs the flowing air. The impeller drive unit drives the impeller at a frequency based on a determined airflow at the outlet port. The frame supports the thermal energy source, the impeller, the output port and the drive unit. The ground-engaging member supports the frame and enables the mobility of the system.

In at least one embodiment, the system includes a duct to direct the flowing air through the output port. The system may include a thermal energy source drive unit. The thermal energy source drive unit controls an amount of thermal energy provided to the air adjacent to the thermal energy source based on a predetermined temperature of the air outputted at the output port. The system includes an interlock switch that inhibits an operation of the thermal energy source, for example, when a temperature of the thermal energy source is greater than a predetermined temperature threshold or airflow across the thermal energy source is less than a predetermined airflow threshold.

A vertical height of the output port is adjustable. This provides various benefits, for example, it allows the output port to be connected to a ceiling plenum, when testing calls for it. Various embodiments include a variable length power cord to provide electrical power. The system is mobile during operation of the system. A cross section of the output port is adjustable. Various embodiments include a safety grate to protect at least one of the impeller or the thermal energy source. The system includes a collapsible duct to accommodate a variable height of the frame.

A method for commissioning a data center includes determining an expected air temperature based on a hardware utilization factor. The method includes determining an expected airflow based on the hardware utilization. In various embodiments, the method includes controlling a thermal energy source based on the expected air temperature. The method may include providing a signal to drive an impeller and induce airflow of the heater air based on the expected airflow.

In some embodiments, the thermal energy source and the impeller are integrated with a mobile cart. A variable frequency drive (VFD) provides the signal. The method may include controlling a frequency of the signal provided by the VFD based on an actual airflow. The method includes inhibiting the operation of the thermal energy source when at least a temperature of the thermal energy source is greater than a predetermined temperature threshold or airflow across the thermal energy source is less than a predetermined airflow threshold.

In various embodiments, a cart for commissioning a data center includes a duct, a duct heater, a fan, an output port, a frame and a plurality of wheels. The duct heater heats air flowing through the duct. The fan induces the flow of air through the duct. The output port is coupled to the duct. The frame supports the duct, the duct heater, the fan and the output port. The wheels support the frame and enable the translation of the cart to a plurality of positions within the data center.

A vertical height of the frame is adjustable to enable a user to vary the vertical position of the output port. An effective length of a portion of the duct is adjustable to accommodate a variable vertical height of the output port. In at least one embodiment, the cart includes a VFD to drive the fan at a variable frequency based on the induced airflow through the duct.

In at least one embodiment, the cart includes a switch that prevents the operation of the duct heater, for example when a temperature of the duct heater is greater than a predetermined temperature threshold or an airflow across the duct heater is less than a predetermined airflow threshold. The duct and the fan may be oriented such that the flow of air through the duct is substantially a vertical flow of air.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred and alternative examples of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings, each of which is consistent with embodiments disclosed herein:

FIG. 1A illustrates an isometric view of a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.

FIG. 1B illustrates another isometric view of a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.

FIG. 1C illustrates a close-up view of a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.

FIG. 2 shows a frame included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.

FIG. 3 shows an airflow assembly included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.

FIG. 4A shows a thermal energy source included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.

FIG. 4B shows a thermal energy source configured to heat the air within an air duct.

FIG. 5 shows an air duct coupled to an integrating duct. Both ducts are included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a variable frequency drive unit (VFD) included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.

FIG. 7 illustrates an isometric view of a mobile system where the vertical height of the output port is adjusted to a minimum height.

FIG. 8 shows a method for commissioning a data center.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

To facilitate the understanding of this invention, a number of terms are defined below. Terms defined herein have meanings as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the areas relevant to the present invention. Terms such as “a,” “an” and “the” are not intended to refer to only a singular entity, but include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration. The terminology herein is used to describe specific embodiments of the invention, but their usage does not delimit the invention, except as outlined in the claims.

FIG. 1A illustrates an isometric view of a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices. Such heat generating devices include, but are not limited to, server, storage and packet management devices, and the like. Although embodiments discussed herein are employed in the context of commissioning a data center, it is to be understood that the various embodiments are not so constrained. Rather, the mobile system actively controls the generation and flow rate of thermal energy. Accordingly, the system may be employed in the commissioning of a data center or in any other scenario where the generation of thermal energy is required and/or useful.

The system generates the expected thermal energy and/or thermal load associated with the operation of various electronic hardware devices and provides the generated heat to various locations within a potential data center facility. Thus, during the commissioning of a data center, the system is used to simulate the thermal loads expected during the operation of the data center. Prior to installing the heat generating hardware, tests may be performed to determine whether the airflow within a potential facility is adequate to dissipate the expected thermal loads. Furthermore, without installing the hardware, the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system of a facility may be tested in view of the expected thermal and airflow loads of the data center. For instance, it may be determined whether the facility's HVAC system can withstand the expected thermal and airflow loads during expected peak operation of the data center.

The system actively controls the output of the generated thermal energy by varying the temperature and flow rate of air flowing through an output port. The temperature and flow rate may be actively monitored in real time. Accordingly, a temperature feedback loop is employable to ensure that the system's actual generated temperature corresponds to the expected temperature associated with the data center's expected thermal load. Likewise, a flow rate feedback loop is employable to ensure that the system's actual generated flow rate corresponds to the expected flow rate associated with the data center's expected thermal load. At least one of the air temperature feedback loop or the airflow feedback loop is at least partially implemented by a processor device include in the system.

The heat generating hardware within a data center may be distributed non-uniformly across the facility. Thus, the expected thermal loads may vary as a function of position within the facility. Because of the mobility of the system, the location of the system within the facility is easily varied. The control of the temperature and flow rate may be a function of location to simulate the non-uniform distribution of hardware across the facility. In this way, the thermal load actually generated by the system substantially corresponds to, as well as accurately and precisely simulates, the data center's expected thermal load as a function of position throughout the potential facility.

In at least one embodiment, multiple systems may be simultaneously positioned and operated across the facility to simulate the expected thermal load across the facility. Embodiments of the system include a variable length power cord to provide electrical power to the system in a range of positions within the facility. The power cord provides power to the system directly from the facility's power distribution units (PDUs). In a preferred embodiment, the system's power cord is at least 40 feet long.

Mobile system

100 includesframe110.FIG. 1A details a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a system frame.Frame100 includes at least one ground-engaging member, such aswheels112. The ground-engaging members enable the mobility ofmobile system100. In a preferred embodiment,wheels112 are caster-style wheels. However, other embodiments are not so constrained and may employ other styles of wheels.

Caster-style wheels provide at least a partial rotation about a pivot rotational axis that is substantially vertical and orthogonal to wheel's112 horizontal rolling rotational axis. The pivot rotational axis enablessystem100 to translate in any direction on a two-dimensional surface, such as the floor of a potential data center facility. In a preferred embodiment,frame110 includes four ground-engaging members. It should be appreciated that greater or less than four ground-engaging members may be included withframe110.

In some embodiments,frame110 includes horizontallower shelf116.Lower shelf116 may be used to support or hold various items, such as tools, electronic devices and/or meters, data logbooks, and the like.Frame110 includesvertical members120, which extend generally upward in the vertical direction and define anupper frame portion118. In a preferred embodiment, the horizontal cross section ofupper frame portion118 defines the output port ofsystem100, and the horizontal cross section is approximately 48 inches by 48 inches. In at least one embodiment, the cross section of the output aperture is adjustable, for example, to include any desired shape and/or any desired linear dimensions.

Telescopingvertical members122 enable the adjustment of the vertical height ofupper frame portion118. Accordingly, the vertical height of the output port ofsystem100 is adjustable. Because the height of the output port is adjustable,system100 may accommodate facilities with varying ceiling heights or varying heights of HVAC system ducts.FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a maximally adjusted height ofupper frame portion118 and output port.FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of a mobile system where the vertical height of the frame is adjusted to a lower height. In preferred embodiments, the vertical height of theupper frame portion118 is continuously adjustable between a range of 78 and 144 inches. It should be understood that other ranges of adjustment are possible. In at least one embodiment, the adjustability of the vertical height offrame110 is not continuous, but rather the possible vertical heights occur in discreet steps.

Levers

124 secure or lock down the telescopingvertical members122 such that the vertical height of the output port stabilized. When levers124 are loosened, aframe handle108 enables a user to easily manipulate telescopingvertical members122 up and down to adjust the vertical height ofupper frame portion118. A flexible orcollapsible duct portion128 accommodates the varying vertical height offrame110. A plurality of couplers or fasteners, such aspins126, secures thecollapsible duct portion128 to the telescopingvertical members122.

Mobile system

100 includes a thermal energy source, such as a duct heater assembly, which generates thermal energy. The thermal energy source is supported byframe110. In the embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 1A and 1B, the thermal energy source is positioned within air duct140 (thus not shown).FIG. 4A shows one embodiment of a duct heater. However, it is to be understood that the various embodiments are not limited to a duct heater, and any thermal energy source may be used.

The thermal energy source generates thermal energy and transfers the thermal energy to the air withinair duct140, thereby increasing the temperature of the air within the air duct. In a preferred embodiment, the thermal energy source is enabled to output at least 100 kW of thermal power, although other embodiments are not so constrained.

The thermal energysource control panel150 houses the electronic components required to control the thermal energy source. The thermal energy source may be at least partially controlled by a processor device included insystem100. The electronic components housed within thermal energysource control panel150 enable the control and real time adjustment of the temperature of the air flowing through the output port, within a predetermined range. The thermal energy source is controlled in stages and is adjustable to match the corresponding expected thermal load of the data center. In a preferred embodiment, the thermal energy source in enabled to provide at least a 20 degree Fahrenheit temperature differential between the air flowing through the output port and the ambient air temperature. It is recognized that other embodiments are not so constrained, and greater maximum temperature differentials are possible.

The temperature of the air flowing through the output port may be monitored in real time during the operation ofsystem100. The power output of the thermal energy source may be adjusted based on the actual temperature of the air flowing through the output port. This allows for real time temperature feedback and enables the accurate simulation of the expected temperatures from the data center's electronic hardware components.

Mobile system

100 includes anairflow assembly130. In various embodiments,airflow assembly130 is a fan.Frame110 supportsairflow assembly130. Specifically, theframe110 includes ashelf114 that may at least partially supportairflow assembly130.Airflow assembly130 includes an impeller to create or induce a flow of fluid, such as the air withinair duct140.Airflow assembly130 may include an energy convertor, such as an electric motor, to convert electrical energy into mechanical work and drive or rotate the impeller.

In a preferred embodiment, theairflow assembly130 and the thermal energy source are integrated such thatairflow assembly130 induces an airflow of the energized or heated air throughair duct140. As shown inFIG. 1A, the airflow throughmobile system100 is substantially a vertical airflow in an upward direction. In various embodiments, the upward direction is substantially defined by a vector originating along a rotational axis ofairflow assembly130 and terminating at the output port, such that air flows up and out of themobile system100 and in a generally vertically upward fashion.

In various embodiments,airflow assembly130 may be operated without the thermal energy source generating thermal energy. In such operational modes, the temperature of the air flowing out of the output aperture would be substantially equivalent to the ambient air temperature.FIG. 3 shows a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a fan assembly. In a preferred embodiment, the airflow assembly is enabled to output at least 17,000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) of air through the outlet port, although other embodiments are not so constrained.

With reference again toFIGS. 1A and 1B, airflowassembly control panel160 houses the electronic components required to controlairflow assembly130. The electronic components housed within airflowassembly control panel160 enable the control and real time adjustment of the flow rate of the air flowing through the output port within a predetermined range. In various embodiments, airflowassembly control panel160 houses a variable frequency drive unit (VFD) to drive the impeller ofairflow assembly130 at variable frequency and vary the flow rate of air flowing through the output port.FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic embodiment of a VFD. In other embodiments, the VFD is housed at other locations onframe100. The VFD may include a processor device to at least partially controlairflow assembly130.

Theairflow assembly130 may be controlled to substantially match the expected airflow corresponding to the expected thermal load of the data center. For instance, the VFD varies the frequency of an alternating current (AC) signal provided to an electric motor that drives the impeller ofairflow assembly130. In a preferred embodiment, the thermal energy source is enabled to provide at least a 20 degree Fahrenheit temperature differential between the air flowing through the output port and the ambient air temperature at a flow rate of at least 15,800 CFM.

The flow rate of the air flowing through the output port may be monitored in real time during the operation ofsystem100. The VFD enables the adjustment of the impeller frequency based on the actual flow rate of the air flowing through the output port. This allows for real time flow rate feedback and enables the accurate simulation of the expected flow rate from the data center's electronic hardware components.

In a preferred embodiment,system100 includes a safety interlock pressure switch that prevents the thermal energy source from getting too hot without adequate airflow across the thermal energy source. For instance, the interlock may power down the thermal energy source when either the temperature of the thermal energy source is greater than a predetermined temperature threshold or the flow rate of air across the thermal energy source is less than a predetermined flow rate threshold. The interlock prevents thermal damage to the thermal energy source. Apower cord180 provides power from airflowassembly control panel160 toairflow assembly130. An integratingduct170 integrates or couplesair duct140 toairflow assembly130.

FIG. 1B illustrates another isometric view of a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices. As compared toFIG. 1A,system100 inFIG. 1B is rotated to clearly show airflowassembly control panel160.

FIG. 1C illustrates a close-up view of a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices that is consistent with the embodiments disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the thermal energysource control panel150 and the airflowassembly control panel160 are on opposite sides of the mobile system. However, other embodiments are not so constrained, and the electronics to control both the thermal energy source and theairflow assembly130 may be housed within the same panel. The one or more control panels may be positioned anywhere on the supporting frame.FIG. 1C shows integratingduct170 integrating orcoupling airflow assembly130 withair duct140.

FIG. 2 shows aframe210 included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices. In various embodiments,frame210 is a cart.Frame210 includes a plurality ofvertical members220, a horizontallower shelf216 and a horizontalairflow assembly shelf214. Theairflow assembly shelf214 may at least partially support an airflow assembly. A plurality of caster-style wheels212 enable the mobility offrame210.Frame210 preferably includes a plurality ofhorizontal members202, which may be modular members, such as Unistrut® members. In some embodiments, at least onevertical member220 is a modular member.

FIG. 3 shows anairflow assembly330 included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices. In a preferred embodiment,airflow assembly330 is a fan assembly that includes a fan body orfan housing332. A plurality of coupling or mountingbrackets338 enable the coupling ofairflow assembly330 to a system frame, such asframe210 ofFIG. 2. At least onecoupling bracket338 is coupled to an airflow assembly shelf, such as horizontalairflow assembly shelf214 ofFIG. 2.

Airflow assembly

330 includes an impeller having at least one blade orrotor334. Although fourimpeller blades334 are shown inFIG. 3, it is to be understood that an impeller could include more than or less than the fourimpeller blades334.Impeller blades334 rotate about arotation axis336 to induce an airflow through a mobile system, such asmobile system100 ofFIGS. 1A and 1B.Airflow assembly330 includes a motor to drive the rotation ofblades334. In a preferred embodiment, the motor is an inline electric motor, such that the motor is housed within ahousing332 and lies alongrotation axis336. In other embodiments, the motor is external tohousing332.

FIG. 4A showsthermal energy source442 included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices. In a preferred embodiment,thermal energy source442 is a duct heater. As shown inFIG. 4B, a duct heater is configured to heat air within an air duct.Thermal energy source442 includes a thermalenergy source housing448 that is configured to be positioned within an air duct.

In at least one embodiment, as described with reference toFIG. 4A,thermal energy source442 is an electrical resistive heater and includes a plurality of electricalresistive heating elements444. As such, an electrical current passes throughheating elements444. The flow of electrical current throughheating elements444 is impeded by the electrical resistance withinheating elements444 and generates thermal energy. In a preferred embodiment,thermal energy source442 includes asafety grate446 to protectheating elements444.

FIG. 4B shows athermal energy source442 configured to heat the air within anair duct440.Air duct440 may be similar toair duct140 ofFIGS. 1A-1C.Thermal energy source442 includesheating elements444. At least a portion of the electronics that control the thermal output ofthermal energy source442 are housed within a thermal energysource control panel450, which may be similar to thermalenergy control panel150 ofFIGS. 1A-1C.

In a preferred embodiment, and as showing inFIG. 4B,heating elements444 are oriented substantially transverse to the direction of airflow inair duct440. This relative orientation improves heat transfer fromthermal energy source442 to the air withinair duct440. Other embodiments are not so constrained and other configurations are possible.

FIG. 5 shows anair duct540 coupled to an integratingduct570. Both ducts are included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices.Air duct540 may be similar toair duct140 and integratingduct570 may be similar to integratingduct170, both described previously with reference toFIGS. 1A-1C.

Integratingduct570 includes anaperture574 configured to selectively receive and couple to an airflow assembly, such asairflow assembly330 ofFIG. 3. Such a coupling enables fluid communication between the airflow assembly, a thermal energy source such asthermal energy source442 ofFIGS. 4A-4B, and an output port of a mobile system such asmobile system100 ofFIGS. 1A-1B. In a preferred embodiment, integratingduct570 is vertically above the coupled airflow assembly and includes asafety grate572 to prevent objects from falling onto the blades of an impeller included in the airflow assembly. Because of the vertical orientation of a mobile system, such asmobile system100 ofFIGS. 1A-1B,safety grate572 prevents damage to the rotating parts of an airflow assembly.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a variable frequency drive unit (VFD) included in a mobile system used to simulate thermal loads generated by electronic hardware devices that is consistent with the various embodiments disclosed herein. An AC input signal serves as an input signal to the VFD. This AC input signal may originate from a wall power outlet or the facility's PDU, and provides at least electrical power to the VFD.

Based on user instructions, provided through an operator interface, the VFD generates an output signal. The frequency of the output signal is based upon user instructions. The user instructions may include at least one of the expected airflow or the expected air temperature based on the expected thermal load of a data center. The output signal is provided to an electric motor that converts the output signal to mechanical power. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 6, output signal drives an airflow assembly at a frequency that is based upon the user instructions.

In a preferred embodiment, the VFD generates the output signal by at least modulating the frequency of the input signal. The VFD may modulate an amplitude of the input signal. As shown inFIG. 6, the output signal may be a digital signal. In other embodiments, the output signal may be an analog signal. As discussed above, a determination of the actual flow rate through an output port, such as the upper frame portion ofFIGS. 1A-1B, as well as the expected value may serve as inputs for an airflow feedback loop. The modulation of the output signal may be based on the actual flow rate. In a preferred embodiment, at least the frequency of the output signal is based upon a comparison of the actual flow rate to a determined expected flow rate.

FIG. 7 illustrates an isometric view ofmobile system700 where the vertical height of the output port is adjusted to a minimum height. In comparison, another embodiment of amobile system100 is showing inFIGS. 1A-1B, where the height of the output port is adjusted to a maximum. In the embodiments shown inFIGS. 1A-1B andFIG. 7, the vertical height of the output port is defined by the vertical height of

upper frame portion

118 and718, respectively. Acollapsible duct portion728 is collapsed to accommodate the adjustment to the minimum height. A plurality ofpins726 couple or fasten thecollapsible duct portion728 to the telescoping vertical frame members. When adjusted in the downward direction, the telescoping vertical members slide into the interior regions ofvertical frame members722. According, only a small portion of the telescoping vertical frame members is visible inFIG. 7.Levers724 are used to secure the height of the telescoping vertical frame members. Aframe handle708 telescopes downward and into the system frame when the vertical height ofupper frame portion718 is downwards adjusted.

FIG. 8 shows amethod800 for commissioning a data center. In a preferred embodiment,method800 is at least partially implemented on a mobile system, such as themobile system100 shown inFIGS. 1A-1B. As described below, some of the steps ofmethod800 employ a processor device included in the mobile system.

Method

800 begins atstart block802. Atblock804, an expected air temperature and airflow rate is determined. In various embodiments, the expected air temperature is based on the expected computer inlet air temperature when the data center's electronic equipment is operating. The expected airflow rate may be based on the expected airflow when the electronic equipment is operating. At least one of the expected air temperature or the expected airflow rate is based on a hardware utilization factor. A hardware utilization factor may be based on at least one of a type of electronic device, an operational speed of an electronic device, a density of electronic devices, a utilization frequency of the electronic devices, and the like.

Atblock806, a thermal energy source is controlled. In a preferred embodiment, controlling the thermal energy source includes controlling the thermal energy source's power output. The energy source is configured to heat air, such as air within an air duct of the mobile system. Controlling the thermal energy source may be based on the determined expected air temperature. In at least one embodiment, controlling the thermal energy source is based on an actual air temperature, such as the actual air temperature determined inblock818. In preferred embodiments, controlling the thermal energy source is based on a comparison of the expected air temperature to the actual air temperature, such as the comparison performed inblock820.

In various embodiments, the thermal energy source is integrated into a mobile system that at least partially implementsmethod800. A user may input or otherwise program the expected air temperature and the expected airflow into at least one processor device included in the mobile system. The mobile system is strategically positioned within a potential facility during the commissioning of the data center to carry out testing of the facility. Controlling the thermal energy source may include controlling the heat output of the thermal energy source in real time. In various embodiments, the thermal energy source is at least partially controlled by the processor device.

Atblock808, a frequency of a VFD signal is controlled. The VFD signal is configured to drive an airflow assembly, included in the mobile system, such asairflow assembly130 ofFIGS. 1A-1C. Preferably, the VFD is included in the mobile system. The processor device may at least partially control the VFD. In various embodiments, the frequency of the VFD signal is controlled based on the determined expected airflow. The frequency of the VFD signal may be controlled based on an actual airflow, such as the actual airflow determined atblock812. In preferred embodiments, controlling the frequency of the VFD signal is based on a comparison of the expected airflow to the actual airflow, such as the comparison performed inblock814. Atblock810, the VFD signal is provided to the airflow assembly. The airflow assembly includes an impeller unit that induces the airflow through the mobile system.

Atblock812, an actual airflow is determined. In a preferred embodiment, determining the actual airflow includes determining the flow rate of air flowing out of the mobile system through an output port. In at least one embodiment, the airflow is determined with an airflow meter positioned adjacent to the output port. In at least one embodiment, the determined actual airflow is provided to the processor device. Atblock814, the actual airflow ofblock812 is compared to the expected airflow ofblock804. In a preferred embodiment, the comparison is performed by the mobile system's processor device.

Atdecision block816, a decision is made whether an adjustment of the VFD signal is required. The decision atblock816 may be based on the comparison performed atblock814. For instance, if the actual airflow substantially corresponds to the expected airflow, no adjustment of the VFD signal's frequency is required andmethod800 proceeds to block818. If the actual airflow is not within a predetermined airflow tolerance of the expected airflow, the frequency of the VFD's signal requires adjustment andmethod800 proceeds to block808.

Decision block

816 establishes an airflow feedback loop, which may be at least be partially implemented by the processor device of the mobile system. In particular, the decision ofblock816 may be implanted by a processor device included in the VFD. The user may input or otherwise program the predetermined airflow tolerance into the processor device.

Atblock818, an actual air temperature is determined. In preferable embodiments, determining the actual air temperature includes determining the air temperature of air flowing through the output port of the mobile system. In at least one embodiment, a temperature sensitive device, such as a thermistor or digital thermometer is employed to determine the actual air temperature. In at least one embodiment, the determined actual air temperature is provided to the processor device. Atblock820, the actual air temperature is compared to the expected air temperature. The processor device may perform the comparison.

Atdecision block822, a decision is determined whether an adjustment of the thermal energy source is required. The processor device may make the decision. In preferred embodiments, the decision is based on at least the comparison performed atblock820. For instance, if the actual air temperature substantially corresponds to the expected air temperature, no adjustment of the thermal energy source is required. When the commission test is complete,method800 concludes atblock824. If the actual air temperature is not within a predetermined air temperature tolerance of the expected air temperature, the thermal energy source requires adjustment andmethod800 proceeds to block806.Decision block822 establishes an air temperature feedback loop within the predetermined tolerance. A user may input or otherwise program the predetermined air temperature tolerance into a processor device of the mobile system.

All of the embodiments and methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, as noted above, many changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited by the disclosure of the preferred embodiment. Instead, the invention should be determined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.

Claims

1. A mobile system for simulating a thermal and airflow load expected in operation of a data center, the system comprising:

a thermal energy source configured to provide thermal energy to air adjacent to the thermal energy source;

an impeller oriented substantially horizontal and configured to control a flow rate of the air adjacent to the thermal energy source such that the air adjacent to the thermal energy source flows in a vertically upward direction;

an output port positioned vertically above the impeller and oriented substantially horizontal, wherein the output port is configured to output the vertically flowing air;

an impeller drive unit configured to drive the impeller at a rotational frequency that is varied during operation of the system based on a comparison of a predetermined airflow range and an actual airflow through the output port, wherein the actual airflow is monitored during the operation of the system by an airflow meter that is positioned either adjacent or within the output port wherein the predetermined airflow range corresponds to the airflow load expected in the operation of the data center and a predetermined airflow tolerance;

a frame configured to support the thermal energy source, the impeller, the output port and the drive unit; and

a plurality of ground engaging members supporting the frame and configured to enable mobility of the system,

wherein the impeller drive unit is further configured to vary the rotational frequency of the impeller during the operation of the system so that the actual airflow through the output port substantially matches the predetermined airflow range so that the airflow load expected in the operation of the data center is substantially simulated.

2. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising a duct to direct the flowing air through the output port.

3. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising a thermal energy source drive unit configured to control an amount of thermal energy provided to the air adjacent to the thermal energy source based on a predetermined temperature of the air outputted at the output port.

4. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising an interlock switch that inhibits an operation of the thermal energy source when a temperature of the thermal energy source is greater than a predetermined temperature threshold or an airflow across the thermal energy source is less than a predetermined airflow threshold.

5. The system ofclaim 1, wherein a vertical height of the output port is adjustable.

6. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising a power cord to provide electrical power while the system is mobile during operation.

7. The system ofclaim 1, wherein a cross section of the output port is adjustable.

8. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising a safety grate to protect at least one of the impeller or the thermal energy source.

9. The system ofclaim 1, further comprising a collapsible duct to accommodate a variable height of the frame.

10. A method of commissioning a data center, the method comprising:

determining an expected air temperature based in part on a hardware utilization factor;

determining an expected airflow based in part on the hardware utilization factor;

controlling a thermal energy source to heat air based on the expected air temperature; and

providing a signal to drive an impeller and induce an airflow of the heated air based on the expected airflow.

11. The method ofclaim 10, wherein the thermal energy source and the impeller are integrated with a mobile cart.

12. The method ofclaim 10, wherein a variable frequency drive (VFD) provides the signal.

13. The method ofclaim 12, further comprising controlling a frequency of the signal provided by the VFD based on an actual airflow.

14. The method ofclaim 10, further comprising inhibiting the operation of the thermal energy source when at least a temperature of the thermal energy source is greater than a predetermined temperature threshold or an airflow across the thermal energy source is less than a predetermined airflow threshold.

15. A cart for commissioning a data center, the cart comprising:

a duct that includes a first end and a second end;

a duct heater configured to heat air flowing through the duct;

a fan oriented substantially horizontal and configured to induce the flow of air through the duct, wherein the flow of air through the duct is in a vertically upward direction;

an output port positioned vertically above the fan and oriented substantially horizontal, wherein the output port is coupled to the second end of the duct;

a variable frequency drive (VFD) to drive the fan at a rotational frequency based on a comparison of a predetermined airflow range and an actual airflow through the output port, wherein the actual airflow is monitored by an airflow meter that is positioned either adjacent or within the output port, wherein the predetermined airflow range corresponds to an airflow load expected during the operation of the data center and a predetermined airflow tolerance;

a frame that includes a plurality of telescoping frame members, the frame is configured to support the duct, the duct heater, the fan and the output port, wherein the plurality of telescoping frame members are coupled to the output port and the first end of the duct is coupled to at least one of the frame, the duct heater, or the fan; and

a plurality of wheels supporting the frame and configured to enable the translation of the cart to a plurality of positions within the data center,

wherein the VFD varies the rotational frequency of the fan so that the actual airflow through the output port substantially matches the predetermined airflow range so that the airflow load expected in the operation of the data center is substantially simulated.

16. The cart ofclaim 15, wherein a vertical height of the plurality of telescoping frame members is adjustable to enable a user to vary the vertical position of the output port.

17. The cart ofclaim 15, wherein an effective length of at least a portion of the duct is adjustable to accommodate a variable vertical height of the output port.

18. (canceled)

19. The cart ofclaim 15, further comprising a switch that prevents the operation of the duct heater when a temperature of the duct heater is greater than a predetermined temperature threshold or an airflow across the duct heater is less than a predetermined airflow threshold.

20. (canceled)