US20150095679A1 - Transitioning A Networked Playback Device Between Operating Modes - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments are described herein that allow a playback device to transition between operating modes to, among other things, conserve power. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method involves determining that a playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode. The powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source. The battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from at least one battery. The method further involves causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the powered mode. The method further involves causing the playback device to serve as a client device and not serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the battery mode.

Description

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
• The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, to methods, systems, products, features, services, and other items directed to media playback or some aspect thereof.
BACKGROUND
• Digital music has become readily available due in part to the development of consumer level technology that has allowed people to listen to digital music on a personal audio device. The consumer's increasing preference for digital audio has also resulted in the integration of personal audio devices into PDAs, cellular phones, and other mobile devices. The portability of these mobile devices has enabled people to take the music listening experience with them and outside of the home. People have become able to consume digital music, like digital music files or even Internet radio, in the home through the use of their computer or similar devices. Now there are many different ways to consume digital music, in addition to other digital content including digital video and photos, stimulated in many ways by high-speed Internet access at home, mobile broadband Internet access, and the consumer's hunger for digital media.
• Until recently, options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loud setting were severely limited. In 2005, Sonos offered for sale its first digital audio system that enabled people to, among many other things, access virtually unlimited sources of audio via one or more networked connected zone players, dynamically group or ungroup zone players upon command, wirelessly send the audio over a local network amongst zone players, and play the digital audio out loud across multiple zone players in synchrony. The Sonos system can be controlled by software applications running on network capable mobile devices and computers.
• Along with consumers' increased preference for digital audio, many consumers have an increased preference for “going green.” One common step taken by people attempting to “go green” is to reduce the amount of energy they consume. For example, consumers who are going green may make a conscious effort to turn off a light whenever they leave a room. Additionally, people may only purchase electronics that are rated to be “energy efficient.” Other such examples of “going green” exist as well.
• In view of this growing trending preference, some electronics developers are making efforts to “go green” as well. In the context of electronic devices within a network (e.g., a networked audio system), going green may have many challenges. For instance, certain devices may perform tasks that generally require the consumption of a relatively high amount of energy. Thus, if using conventional approaches, “going green” may be undesirable and possibly even impractical in certain networks and/or certain environments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technology may be better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
• FIG. 1 shows an example media system configuration in which certain embodiments may be practiced;
• FIG. 2A shows an illustration of an example zone player having a built-in amplifier and transducers;
• FIG. 2B shows an illustration of an example zone player having a built-in amplifier and connected to external speakers;
• FIG. 2C shows an illustration of an example zone player connected to an A/V receiver and speakers;
• FIG. 3 shows an illustration of an example controller;
• FIG. 4 shows an internal functional block diagram of an example zone player;
• FIG. 5 shows an internal functional block diagram of an example controller;
• FIG. 6 shows an example ad-hoc playback network;
• FIG. 7A shows an example system configuration at a first point in time;
• FIG. 7B shows an example system configuration at a second point in time; and
• FIGS. 8A-C show simplified flowcharts for transitioning a networked playback device between operating modes.
• In addition, the drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments, but it is understood that the inventions are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONI. Overview
• Embodiments are described herein that may allow a playback device to transition between operating modes to conserve power, among other benefits. In certain embodiments the playback device may be part of a networked media playback system that includes one or more other playback devices and at least one controller.
• In one embodiment, the playback device may obtain power from an internal battery or an external power source, and based on the source of power, the playback device may operate in different modes. For example, when the playback device is receiving power from the internal battery, the playback device may operate in a “battery mode.” When the playback device is receiving power from the external power source, the playback device may operate in a “powered mode.”
• The operating mode may determine what functions the playback device may perform. In one embodiment, when in either a battery mode or a powered mode, the playback device may receive commands to play audio content, and in turn the playback device may output the audio. In addition to audio playback, in some embodiments, the operating mode may determine the networking function that is supported by the playback device. In some embodiments, the powered mode may cause the playback device to serve as a network bridge and/or an access point for other network devices (including, but not limited to other devices in the networked media playback system). In some embodiments, the battery mode may cause the playback device to serve as a client device, where when serving as a client device the playback device does not serve as a network bridge.
• In certain embodiments, the playback device may remain in its current operating mode until the playback device receives a command to transition to a different operating mode. In some instances, the playback device may receive the command from a second playback device. In other instances, the playback device may receive the command from a controller device.
• As indicated above, the present application involves transitioning a playback device between operating modes, while the playback device is a member of a networked media playback system. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method involves determining, by a playback device, that the playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode. The powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source. The battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from at least one battery. The method further involves causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the powered mode. The method further involves causing the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the battery mode.
• In another aspect, a playback device is provided. The playback device includes at least one battery, a network interface, a non-transitory computer readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium. The program instructions are executable by at least one processor to cause the playback device to determine that the playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode. The powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source. The battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from the at least one battery. The program instructions are executable by the at least one processor to further cause the playback device to serve as a network bridge when operating in the powered mode. The program instructions are executable by the at least one processor to further cause the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when operating in the battery mode.
• In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable medium is provided. The non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by at least one processor. The instructions include instructions for determining that a playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode. The powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source. The battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from at least one battery. The instructions further include instructions for causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge when the playback device is operating in the powered mode. The instructions further include instructions for causing the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when the playback device is operating in the battery mode. Other embodiments, as those discussed in the following and others as can be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art are also possible.
II. Example Operating Environment
• Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals can refer to like parts throughout the figures,FIG. 1 shows an examplemedia system configuration100 in which one or more embodiments disclosed herein can be practiced or implemented.
• By way of illustration, themedia system configuration100 is associated with a home having multiple zones, although it should be understood that the home could be configured with only one zone. Additionally, one or more zones can be added to theconfiguration100 over time. Each zone may be assigned by a user to a different room or space, such as, for example, an office, bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room, family room, home theater room, utility or laundry room, and patio. A single zone might also include multiple rooms or spaces if so configured. With respect toFIG. 1, one or more of zone players102-124 are shown in each respective zone. The zone players102-124, also referred to herein as playback devices, multimedia units, speakers, players, and so on, provide audio, video, and/or audiovisual output. A controller130 (e.g., shown in the kitchen for purposes of this illustration) provides control to themedia system configuration100. Thecontroller130 may be fixed to a zone, or alternatively, it may be mobile such that it can be moved about the zones. Themedia system configuration100 may also include more than the onecontroller130, and additional controllers may be added to the system over time.
• Themedia system configuration100 illustrates an example whole house media system, though it is understood that the technology described herein is not limited to, among other things, its particular place of application or to an expansive system like the whole housemedia system configuration100 ofFIG. 1.
• a. Example Zone Players
• FIGS. 2A,2B, and2C show example types of zone players.Zone players200,202, and204 ofFIGS. 2A,2B, and2C, respectively, can correspond to any of the zone players102-124 ofFIG. 1, for example. In some embodiments, audio is reproduced using only a single zone player, such as by a full-range player. In some embodiments, audio is reproduced using two or more zone players, such as by using a combination of full-range players or a combination of full-range and specialized players. In some embodiments, each zone player200-204 may also be referred to as a “smart speaker,” because they may contain processing capabilities beyond the reproduction of audio, more of which is described below.
• FIG. 2A illustrates thezone player200 that includessound producing equipment208 capable of reproducing full-range sound. The sound may come from an audio signal that is received and processed by thezone player200 over a wired or wireless data network. Thesound producing equipment208 may include one or more built-in amplifiers and one or more acoustic transducers (e.g., speakers). A built-in amplifier is described more below with respect toFIG. 4. A speaker or acoustic transducer can include, for example, any of a tweeter, a mid-range driver, a low-range driver, and a subwoofer. In some embodiments, thezone player200 can be statically or dynamically configured to play stereophonic audio, monaural audio, or both. In some embodiments, thezone player200 may be dynamically configured to reproduce a subset of full-range sound, such as when thezone player200 is grouped with other zone players to play stereophonic audio, monaural audio, and/or surround audio or when the media content received by thezone player200 is less than full-range.
• FIG. 2B illustrates thezone player202 that includes a built-in amplifier to power a set ofdetached speakers210. A detached speaker can include, for example, any type of loudspeaker. Thezone player202 may be configured to power one, two, or more separate loudspeakers. Thezone player202 may be configured to communicate an audio signal (e.g., right and left channel audio or more channels depending on its configuration) to the set ofdetached speakers210 via a wired path.
• FIG. 2C illustrates thezone player204 that does not include a built-in amplifier, but is configured to communicate an audio signal, received over a data network, to an audio (or “audio/video”)receiver214 with built-in amplification.
• Referring back toFIG. 1, in some embodiments, one, some, or all of the zone players102-124 can retrieve audio directly from a source. For example, a particular zone player in a zone or zone group may be assigned to a playback queue (or “queue”). The playback queue may contain information corresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the associated zone or zone group. The playback queue may be stored in memory on a zone player or some other designated device. Each item contained in the playback queue may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI) or some other identifier that can be used by the zone player(s) to seek out and/or retrieve the audio items from the identified audio source(s). Depending on the item, the audio source might be found on the Internet (e.g., the cloud), locally from another device over the data network128 (described further below), from thecontroller130, stored on the zone player itself, or from an audio source communicating directly to the zone player. In some embodiments, the zone player can reproduce the audio itself (e.g., play the audio), send the audio to another zone player for reproduction, or both where the audio is reproduced by the zone player as well as one or more additional zone players (possibly in synchrony). In some embodiments, the zone player may play a first audio content (or alternatively, may not play the content at all), while sending a second, different audio content to another zone player(s) for reproduction. To the user, each item in a playback queue is represented on an interface of a controller by an element such as a track name, album name, radio station name, playlist, or other some other representation. A user can populate the playback queue with audio items of interest. The user may also modify and clear the playback queue, if so desired.
• As described, a zone player (e.g., any of the zone players102-124) may perform various networking functions. For instance, a zone player may serve as a “bridge” for other zone players and/or serve as an “access point” for one or more controllers. At the same time, the zone player may additionally perform audio reproduction functions.
• As discussed further below, in one arrangement, a first zone player may be one of several other zone players that together form a network (e.g., an ad-hoc or “mesh” network). When the first zone player serves as a bridge for a second zone player, the first zone player may receive data (e.g., audio data) from a network device (e.g., a third zone player, a controller, a router, etc.) and the first zone player may then transmit the received data to the second zone player. When the first zone player serves as an access point for a controller, the first zone player may connect the controller to other devices in the network (e.g., other zone players). In general, each zone player in the network may, at some time, serve as a bridge for another zone player in the network, and each zone player may, at some time, also serve as an access point for one or more controllers. In certain embodiments, it may be preferable for only certain zone players within a network to serve as a bridge and/or an access point, while other zone players serve as client devices. A client device is a network device that can be a source or a destination for networking data, but does not forward data to other network devices. For example, a client device may transmit and receive data to a device acting as, for example, an access point or bridge, output audio (for example, through internal speakers, or through an audio interface to external speakers such as described inFIG. 2), and source audio (for example, through an audio line-in or another input interface). Put simply, a zone player serving as a client device may source or play audio, while a zone player serving as a network bridge or access point may forward data to other network devices as well as source and play audio.
• By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara, Calif. presently offers for sale zone players referred to as a “PLAY:5,” “PLAY:3,” “PLAYBAR,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any other past, present, and/or future zone players can additionally or alternatively be used to implement the zone players of example embodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, it is understood that a zone player is not limited to the particular examples illustrated inFIGS. 2A,2B, and2C or to the SONOS product offerings. For example, a zone player may include a wired or wireless headphone. In yet another example, a zone player might include a sound bar for television. In yet another example, a zone player may include or interact with a docking station for an Apple iPod™ or similar device.
• b. Example Controllers
• FIG. 3 illustrates anexample wireless controller300 in adocking station302. By way of illustration, thecontroller300 may correspond to thecontroller130 ofFIG. 1. Thedocking station302, if provided or used, may provide power to thecontroller300 and additionally may charge a battery of thecontroller300. In some embodiments, thecontroller300 may be provided with atouch screen304 that allows a user to interact through touch with thecontroller300, for example, to retrieve and navigate a playlist of audio items, modify and/or clear the playback queue of one or more zone players, control other operations of one or more zone players, and provide overall control of themedia system configuration100. In other embodiments, other input mechanisms such as voice control may be used to interact with thecontroller300. In certain embodiments, any number of controllers can be used to control themedia system configuration100. In some embodiments, there may be a limit set on the number of controllers that can control themedia system configuration100. The controllers might be wireless like thewireless controller300 or wired to thedata network128.
• In some embodiments, if more than one controller is used in themedia system configuration100 ofFIG. 1, each controller may be coordinated to display common content, and may all be dynamically updated to indicate changes made to themedia system configuration100 from a single controller. Coordination can occur, for instance, by a controller periodically requesting a state variable directly or indirectly from one or more of the zone players; the state variable may provide information about themedia system configuration100, such as current zone group configuration, what is playing in one or more zones, volume levels, and other items of interest. The state variable may be passed around on thedata network128 between zone players (and controllers, if so desired) as needed or as often as programmed.
• In addition, an application running on any network-enabled portable device, such as an iPhone™, iPad™, Android™ powered phone or tablet, or any other smart phone or network-enabled device can be used as thecontroller130. An application running on a laptop or desktop personal computer (PC) or Mac™ can also be used as thecontroller130. Such controllers may connect to themedia system configuration100 through an interface with thedata network128, a zone player, a wireless router, or using some other configured connection path. Example controllers offered by Sonos, Inc. of Santa Barbara, Calif. include a “Controller200,” “SONOS® CONTROL,” “SONOS® Controller for iPhone™,” “SONOS® Controller for iPad™,” “SONOS Controller for Android™,” “SONOS Controller for Mac™ or PC.”
• c. Example Data Connection
• The zone players102-124 ofFIG. 1 may be coupled directly or indirectly to a data network, such asdata network128. Thecontroller130 may also be coupled directly or indirectly to thedata network128 or individual zone players. Thedata network128 is represented by an octagon in the figure to stand out from other representative components. While thedata network128 is shown in a single location, it is understood that such a network is distributed in and around themedia system configuration100. Particularly, thedata network128 can be a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination of both wired and wireless networks. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players102-124 may be wirelessly coupled to thedata network128 based on a proprietary mesh network. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players may be coupled to thedata network128 using a centralized access point such as a wired or wireless router. In some embodiments, one or more of the zone players102-124 may be coupled via a wire to thedata network128 using Ethernet or similar technology. In addition to the one or more zone players102-124 connecting to thedata network128, thedata network128 can further allow access to a wide area network, such as the Internet.
• In some embodiments, connecting any of the zone players102-124, or some other connecting device, to a broadband router, may create thedata network128. Other of the zone players102-124 may then be added wired or wirelessly to thedata network128. For example, a zone player (e.g., any of the zone players102-124) can be added to themedia system configuration100 by simply pressing a button on the zone player itself (or perform some other action), which enables a connection to be made to thedata network128. The broadband router can be connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), for example. The broadband router can be used to form another data network within themedia system configuration100, which can be used in other applications (e.g., web surfing). Thedata network128 can also be used in other applications, if so programmed. An example second network may implement SONOSNET™ protocol, developed by SONOS, Inc. of Santa Barbara. SONOSNET™ represents a secure, AES-encrypted, peer-to-peer wireless mesh network. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, thedata network128 is the same network, such as a traditional wired or wireless network, used for other applications in the household.
• d. Example Zone Configurations
• A particular zone can contain one or more zone players. For example, the family room ofFIG. 1 contains the twozone players106 and108, while the kitchen is shown with the onezone player102. In another example, the home theater room contains additional zone players to play audio from a 5.1 channel or greater audio source (e.g., a movie encoded with 5.1 or greater audio channels). In some embodiments, one can position a zone player in a room or space and assign the zone player to a new or existing zone via thecontroller130. As such, zones may be created, combined with another zone, removed, and given a specific name (e.g., “Kitchen”), if so desired and programmed to do so with thecontroller130. Moreover, in some embodiments, zone configurations may be dynamically changed even after being configured using thecontroller130 or some other mechanism.
• In some embodiments, a “bonded zone” contains two or more zone players, such as the twozone players106 and108 in the family room, whereby the twozone players106 and108 can be configured to play the same audio source in synchrony. In one example, the twozone players106 and108 can be paired to play two separate sounds in left and right channels, for example. In other words, the stereo effects of a sound can be reproduced or enhanced through the twozone players106 and108, one for the left sound and the other for the right sound. In another example two or more zone players can be sonically consolidated to form a single, consolidated zone player. A consolidated zone player (though made up of multiple, separate devices) can be configured to process and reproduce sound differently than an unconsolidated zone player or zone players that are paired, because a consolidated zone player has additional speaker drivers from which sound can be passed. The consolidated zone player can further be paired with a single zone player or yet another consolidated zone player. Each playback device of a consolidated playback device can be set in a consolidated mode, for example.
• In certain embodiments, paired zone players (also referred to as “bonded zone players”) can play audio in synchrony with other zone players in the same or different zones.
• According to some embodiments, one can continue to do any of: group, consolidate, and pair zone players, for example, until a desired configuration is complete. The actions of grouping, consolidation, and pairing are preferably performed through a control interface, such as using thecontroller130, and not by physically connecting and re-connecting speaker wire, for example, to individual, discrete speakers to create different configurations. As such, certain embodiments described herein provide a more flexible and dynamic platform through which sound reproduction can be offered to the end-user.
• e. Example Audio Sources
• In some embodiments, each zone can play from the same audio source as another zone or each zone can play from a different audio source. For example, someone can be grilling on the patio and listening to jazz music via thezone player124, while someone is preparing food in the kitchen and listening to classical music via thezone player102. Further, someone can be in the office listening to the same jazz music via thezone player110 that is playing on the patio via thezone player124. In some embodiments, the jazz music played via thezone players110 and124 may be played in synchrony. Synchronizing playback amongst zones allows for an individual to pass through zones while seamlessly (or substantially seamlessly) listening to the audio. Further, zones can be put into a “party mode” such that all associated zones will play audio in synchrony.
• Sources of audio content that may be played by the zone players102-124 are numerous. In some embodiments, audio on a zone player itself may be accessed and played. In some embodiments, audio on a controller may be accessed via thedata network128 and played. In some embodiments, music from a personal library stored on a computer or networked-attached storage (NAS) may be accessed via thedata network128 and played. In some embodiments, Internet radio stations, shows, and podcasts may be accessed via thedata network128 and played. Music or cloud services that let a user stream and/or download music and audio content may be accessed via thedata network128 and played. Further, music may be obtained from traditional sources, such as a turntable or CD player, via a line-in connection to a zone player, for example. Audio content may also be accessed using a different protocol, such as Airplay™, which is a wireless technology by Apple, Inc., for example. Audio content received from one or more sources can be shared amongst thezone players102 to124 via thedata network128 and/or thecontroller130. The above-disclosed sources of audio content are referred to herein as network-based audio information sources. However, network-based audio information sources are not limited thereto.
• In some embodiments, the example hometheater zone players116,118,120 are coupled to an audio information source such as atelevision132. In some examples, thetelevision132 may be used as a source of audio for the hometheater zone players116,118,120, while in other examples audio information from thetelevision132 may be shared with any of the zone players102-124 in themedia system configuration100.
III. Example Zone Players
• Referring now toFIG. 4, there is shown an example block diagram of azone player400 in accordance with an embodiment. Thezone player400 may include anetwork interface402, at least oneprocessor408, amemory410, anaudio processing component412, one ormore software modules414, anaudio amplifier416, aspeaker unit418 coupled to theaudio amplifier416, at least onebattery430, and apower interface435.FIG. 2A shows an example illustration of such a zone player. Other types of zone players may not include the speaker unit418 (e.g., such as shown inFIG. 2B) or the audio amplifier416 (e.g., such as shown inFIG. 2C). Further, it is contemplated that thezone player400 can be integrated into another component. For example, thezone player400 could be constructed as part of a television, lighting, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use.
• In some embodiments, thenetwork interface402 facilitates a data flow between thezone player400 and other devices on thedata network128. In some embodiments, in addition to getting audio from another zone player or device on thedata network128, thezone player400 may access audio directly from the audio source, such as over a wide area network or on the local network. In some embodiments, thenetwork interface402 can further handle the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination or intercepts packets destined for thezone player400. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, each of the packets includes an Internet Protocol (IP)-based source address as well as an IP-based destination address.
• In some embodiments, thenetwork interface402 can include one or both of awireless interface404 and awired interface406. Thewireless interface404, also referred to as a radio frequency (RF) interface, provides network interface functions for thezone player400 to wirelessly communicate with other devices (e.g., other zone player(s), speaker(s), receiver(s), component(s) associated with thedata network128, and so on) in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wireless standard including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). Thewireless interface404 may include one or more radios. To receive wireless signals and to provide the wireless signals to thewireless interface404 and to transmit wireless signals, thezone player400 includes one ormore antennas420. Thewired interface406 provides network interface functions for thezone player400 to communicate over a wire with other devices in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.3). In some embodiments, a zone player may includemultiple wireless404 interfaces. In some embodiments, a zone player may include multiple wired406 interfaces. In some embodiments, a zone player may include both of theinterfaces404 and406. In some embodiments, a zone player may include only thewireless interface404 or thewired interface406.
• In some embodiments, the at least oneprocessor408 is a clock-driven electronic device that is configured to process input data according to instructions stored in thememory410. Thememory410 is data storage that can be loaded with the one ormore software modules414, which can be executed by the at least oneprocessor408 to achieve certain tasks. In the illustrated embodiment, thememory410 is a tangible machine-readable medium storing instructions that can be executed by the at least oneprocessor408. In some embodiments, a task might be for thezone player400 to retrieve audio data from another zone player or a device on a network (e.g., using a uniform resource locator (URL) or some other identifier). In some embodiments, a task may be for thezone player400 to send audio data to another zone player or device on a network. In some embodiments, a task may be for thezone player400 to synchronize playback of audio with one or more additional zone players. In some embodiments, a task may be to pair thezone player400 with one or more zone players to create a multi-channel audio environment. Additional or alternative tasks (e.g., those discussed below) can be achieved via the one ormore software modules414 and the at least oneprocessor408.
• The at least onebattery430 and/or thepower interface435 may provide power to thezone player400. The at least onebattery430 may be a rechargeable battery (e.g., a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-ion polymer battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel cadmium battery, or a nickel metal hydride battery, among other examples) or a disposable battery. Thepower interface435 may include an adapter configured to obtain power from an electrical outlet, an external battery, or any other external power source. Thepower interface435 may provide power to thezone player400 and/or may charge the at least onebattery430 when thepower interface435 is receiving power from an external source.
• In some embodiments, the at least oneprocessor408 may receive an indication that thepower interface435 is receiving power from an external power source, and the at least oneprocessor408 may then cause thezone player400 to operate in a powered mode. While in the powered mode, thezone player400 may serve as a “bridge” and/or “access point” for other networked devices (e.g., as discussed above with respect to the various networking functions of a zone player). As a bridge, thezone player400 may receive data from one network device and transmit the received data to another network device, among other functions.
• In other embodiments, the at least oneprocessor408 may receive an indication that thepower interface435 is not receiving power from an external power source (e.g., the at least oneprocessor408 may determine that the at least onebattery430 is the only source of power), and the at least oneprocessor408 may then cause thezone player400 to operate in a battery mode. While in the battery mode, the zone player may serve as a client device, as opposed to serving as a “bridge” or as an “access point” for other devices (e.g., as discussed above with respect to the various networking functions of a zone player). In some embodiments, as a client device, thezone player400 may transmit and receive data to and from, respectively, other network devices as well as source or output audio, but may not forward data to other network devices. For example, while serving as a client device, thezone player400 may transmit a request to a streaming content provider for a data stream and then receive the stream from the content provider, but thezone player400 may not transmit the received data stream to another zone player. In another example, while serving as a client device, thezone player400 may act as an audio source and transmit audio data to a first network device. Other examples are also possible.
• In some embodiments, the at least oneprocessor408 may determine a power level of the at least onebattery430. The at least oneprocessor408 may determine that the power level is below a predefined threshold and accordingly, generate and cause the zone player to transmit a power-level message, for example, to a networked device. The power-level message may indicate, for example, that the zone player has a low battery level, that (as a result) the zone player can no longer serve as an access point or a bridge, that the other networked device should find a new access point and/or bridge, etc. Other examples are certainly possible. In one embodiment, the zone player may act as a bridge or a client device based on the determined power level.
• Theaudio processing component412 can include one or more digital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, an audio enhancement component or a digital signal processor, and so on. In some embodiments, theaudio processing component412 may be part of the at least oneprocessor408. In some embodiments, the audio that is retrieved via thenetwork interface402 may be processed and/or intentionally altered by theaudio processing component412. Further, theaudio processing component412 can produce analog audio signals. The processed analog audio signals may then be provided to theaudio amplifier416 for playback through thespeaker unit418. In addition, theaudio processing component412 can include circuitry to process analog or digital signals as inputs to play from thezone player400, send to another zone player on a network, or both play and send to another zone player on the network. An example input includes a line-in connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-in connection).
• Theaudio amplifier416 is a device(s) that amplifies audio signals to a level for driving one or more speakers of thespeaker unit418. The one ormore speakers418 can include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”) or a complete speaker system that includes an enclosure including one or more drivers. A particular driver can be a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), a mid-range driver (e.g., for middle frequencies), and a tweeter (e.g., for high frequencies), for example. An enclosure can be sealed or ported, for example. Each transducer may be driven by its own individual amplifier.
• A commercial example, presently known as the PLAY:5™, is a zone player with a built-in amplifier and speakers that is capable of retrieving audio directly from the source, such as on the Internet or on the local network, for example. In particular, the PLAY:5™ is a five-amp, five-driver speaker system that includes two tweeters, two mid-range drivers, and one woofer. When playing audio content via the PLAY:5, the left audio data of a track is sent out of the left tweeter and left mid-range driver, the right audio data of a track is sent out of the right tweeter and the right mid-range driver, and mono bass is sent out of the subwoofer. Further, both mid-range drivers and both tweeters have the same equalization (or substantially the same equalization). That is, they are both sent the same frequencies but from different channels of audio. Audio from Internet radio stations, online music and video services, downloaded music, analog audio inputs, television, DVD, and so on, can be played from the PLAY:5™
IV. Example Controller
• Referring now toFIG. 5, there is shown an example block diagram for acontroller500, which can correspond to thecontroller130 inFIG. 1. Thecontroller500 can be used to facilitate the control of multi-media applications, automation and others in a system. In particular, thecontroller500 may be configured to facilitate a selection of a plurality of audio sources available on thedata network128 and enable control of one or more zone players (e.g., the zone players102-124 inFIG. 1) through a wireless or wirednetwork interface508. According to one embodiment, the wireless communications may be based on an industry standard (e.g., infrared, radio, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). Further, when a particular audio is being accessed via thecontroller500 or being played via a zone player, a picture (e.g., album art) or any other data, associated with the audio and/or audio source can be transmitted from a zone player or other electronic device to thecontroller500 for display.
• Thecontroller500 may be provided with ascreen502 and aninput interface514 that may allow a user to interact with thecontroller500, for example, to navigate a playlist of many multimedia items and to control operations of one or more zone players. Thescreen502 on thecontroller500 can be an LCD screen, for example. Thescreen500 communicates with and is commanded by ascreen driver504 that is controlled by a microcontroller (e.g., a processor)506. Thecontroller memory510 can be loaded with one ormore application modules512 that can be executed by themicrocontroller506 with or without a user input via theuser interface514 to achieve certain tasks. In some embodiments, theapplication module512 may be configured to facilitate grouping a number of selected zone players into a zone group to facilitate synchronized playback amongst the zone players in the zone group. In some embodiments, theapplication module512 may be configured to control the audio sounds (e.g., volume) of the zone players in a zone group. In operation, when themicrocontroller506 executes one or more of theapplication modules512, thescreen driver504 may generate control signals to drive thescreen502 to display an application specific user interface accordingly.
• Thecontroller500 includes anetwork interface508 that may facilitate wired or wireless communication with a zone player. In some embodiments, the commands such as volume control and audio playback synchronization may be sent via thenetwork interface508. In some embodiments, a saved zone group configuration may be transmitted between a zone player and a controller via thenetwork interface508. Thecontroller500 can control one or more zone players, such as the zone players102-124 ofFIG. 1. There can be more than one controller for a particular system, and each controller may share common information with another controller, or retrieve the common information from a zone player, if such a zone player stores configuration data (e.g., such as a state variable). Further, a controller can be integrated into a zone player.
• It should be noted that other network-enabled devices such as an iPhone™, iPad™ or any other smartphone or network-enabled device (e.g., a networked computer such as a PC or Mac™) can also be used as a controller to interact or control zone players in a particular environment. In some embodiments, a software application or upgrade can be downloaded onto a network-enabled device to perform the functions described herein.
• In certain embodiments, a user can create a zone group (also referred to as a bonded zone) including at least two zone players from thecontroller500. The zone players in the zone group can play audio in a synchronized fashion, such that all of the zone players in the zone group playback an identical audio source or a list of identical audio sources in a synchronized manner such that no (or substantially no) audible delays or hiccups are to be heard. Similarly, in some embodiments, when a user increases the audio volume of the group from thecontroller500, the signals or data of increasing the audio volume for the group are sent to one of the zone players and causes other zone players in the group to be increased together in volume.
• A user via thecontroller500 can group zone players into a zone group by activating a “Link Zones” or “Add Zone” soft button, or de-grouping a zone group by activating an “Unlink Zones” or “Drop Zone” button. For example, one mechanism for ‘joining’ zone players together for audio playback is to link a number of zone players together to form a group. To link a number of zone players together, a user can manually link each zone player or room one after the other. For example, assume that there is a multi-zone system that includes the following zones: Bathroom, Bedroom, Den, Dining Room, Family Room, and Foyer. In certain embodiments, a user can link any number of the six zone players, for example, by starting with a single zone and then manually linking each zone to that zone.
• In certain embodiments, a set of zones can be dynamically linked together using a command to create a zone scene or theme (subsequent to first creating the zone scene). For instance, a “Morning” zone scene command can link the Bedroom, Office, and Kitchen zones together in one action. Without this single command, the user would manually and individually link each zone. The single command may include a mouse click, a double mouse click, a button press, a gesture, or some other programmed or learned action. Other kinds of zone scenes can be programmed or learned by the system over time.
• In certain embodiments, a zone scene can be triggered based on time (e.g., an alarm clock function). For instance, a zone scene can be set to apply at 8:00 am. The system can link appropriate zones automatically, set specific music to play, and then stop the music after a defined duration and revert the zones to their prior configuration. Although any particular zone can be triggered to an “On” or “Off” state based on time, for example, a zone scene enables any zone(s) linked to the scene to play a predefined audio (e.g., a favorable song, a predefined playlist) at a specific time and/or for a specific duration. If, for any reason, the scheduled music failed to be played (e.g., an empty playlist, no connection to a share, failed Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), no Internet connection for an Internet Radio station, and so on), a backup buzzer can be programmed to sound. The buzzer can include a sound file that is stored in a zone player, for example.
V. Example Ad-Hoc Network
• Particular examples are now provided in connection withFIG. 6 to describe, for purposes of illustration, certain embodiments to provide and facilitate connection to a playback network.FIG. 6 shows that there are threezone players602,604 and606 and acontroller608 that form a network branch that is also referred to as an Ad-Hoc network610. The Ad-Hoc network610 may be wireless, wired, or a combination of wired and wireless technologies. In general, an Ad-Hoc (or “spontaneous”) network is a local area network or other small network in which there is generally no one access point for all traffic. With an established Ad-Hoc network610, thedevices602,604,606 and608 can all communicate with each other in a “peer-to-peer” style of communication, for example. Furthermore, devices may join and/or leave from the Ad-Hoc network610, and the Ad-Hoc network610 will automatically reconfigure itself without needing the user to reconfigure the Ad-Hoc network610. While an Ad-Hoc network is referenced inFIG. 6, it is understood that a playback network may be based on a type of network that is completely or partially different from an Ad-Hoc network (e.g., a mesh network).
• Using the Ad-Hoc network610, thedevices602,604,606, and608 can share or exchange one or more audio sources and be dynamically grouped (or ungrouped) to play the same or different audio sources. For example, thezone players602 and604 may be grouped to playback one piece of music, and at the same time, thezone player606 may playback another piece of music. In other words, thedevices602,604,606 and608, as shown inFIG. 6, form a HOUSEHOLD that distributes audio and/or reproduces sound. As used herein, the term HOUSEHOLD (provided in uppercase letters to disambiguate from the user's domicile) is used to represent a collection of networked devices that are cooperating to provide an application or service.
• In certain embodiments, a household identifier (HHID) is a short string or an identifier that is computer-generated to help ensure that it is unique. Accordingly, the Ad-Hoc network610 can be characterized by a unique HHID and a unique set of configuration variables or parameters, such as channels (e.g., respective frequency bands), service set identifier (SSID) (a sequence of alphanumeric characters as a name of a wireless network), and WEP keys (wired equivalent privacy) or other security keys. In certain embodiments, SSID is set to be the same as HHID.
• In certain embodiments, each HOUSEHOLD may include two types of network nodes: a control point (CP) and a zone player (ZP). The CP controls an overall network setup process and sequencing, including an automatic generation of required network parameters (e.g., security keys). In an embodiment, the CP also provides the user with a HOUSEHOLD configuration user interface. The CP function can be provided by a computer running a CP application module, or by a handheld controller (e.g., the controller308) also running a CP application module, for example. The ZP is any other device on the network that is placed to participate in the automatic configuration process. In certain embodiments, the ZP, as a notation used herein, may include the controller308 or a computing device, for example. In some embodiments, the functionality, or certain parts of the functionality, in both the CP and the ZP may be combined at a single node (e.g., a ZP contains a CP or vice-versa).
• In certain embodiments, HOUSEHOLD configuration may involve multiple CPs and ZPs that rendezvous and establish a known configuration such that they can use a standard networking protocol (e.g., IP over Wired or Wireless Ethernet) for communication. In an embodiment, two types of networks/protocols may be employed: Ethernet 802.3 and Wireless 802.11g. Interconnections between a CP and a ZP can use either of the networks/protocols. A device in the system as a member of a HOUSEHOLD can connect to both networks simultaneously.
• In an environment that has both networks in use, it is assumed that at least one device in a system is connected to both as a bridging device, thus providing bridging services between wired/wireless networks for others. Thezone player602 inFIG. 6 is shown to be connected to both networks, for example. The connectivity to thenetwork612 may be based on Ethernet and/or Wireless, while the connectivity toother devices602,604 and608 may be based on Wireless and Ethernet if so desired.
• It is understood, however, that in some embodiments each zone player602-606 may access the Internet when retrieving media from the cloud (e.g., the Internet) via the bridging device. For example, thezone player602 may contain a uniform resource locator (URL) that specifies an address to a particular audio track in the cloud. Using the URL, thezone player602 may retrieve the audio track from the cloud, and ultimately play the audio out of one or more of the other zone players.
VI. Transitioning Operating Modes
• As discussed above, a zone player may operate in various modes, and in certain embodiments, it may be advantageous to control the operating mode of a zone player (e.g., to conserve power). Consequently, in certain embodiments, a zone player's network transmissions may be limited based on the power source of the zone player and/or requests from other network devices.
• FIGS. 8A-8C are flowcharts that depict example methods for transitioning a networked playback device between operating modes. The example methods are described by way of example as being carried out by a playback device. For clarity, the methods are described herein with reference toFIGS. 7A and 7B, and are described as carried out by a zone player. It should be understood, however, that this is for purposes of example and explanation only and that the methods described herein may be carried out by various other playback devices.
• In connection with the following descriptions of the example methods,FIGS. 7A and 7B depict an example system configuration at two different points in time.FIG. 7A depicts the system configuration at a first point intime700.FIG. 7B depicts the system configuration at a second point intime750. It should be understood that the second point intime750 occurs sometime after the first point intime700.
• Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the flowchart described herein depicts functionality and operation of certain implementations of example embodiments. In this regard, each block of the flowchart may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. The program code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, e.g., such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. In addition, each block may represent circuitry that is wired to perform the specific logical functions in the process. Alternative implementations are included within the scope of the example embodiments of the present application in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrent or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those skilled in the art.
• FIG. 8A is a flowchart depicting anexample method800 for transitioning a networked playback device between operating modes. As shown inblock810, themethod800 may involve the playback device (e.g., any zone player described herein) determining that the playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode. A determination that the playback device is operating in the powered mode may include determining that the playback device is receiving power from an external source (e.g., thepower interface435 may be connected to an electrical outlet). A determination that the playback device is operating in the battery mode may include determining that the playback device is receiving power from at least one battery (e.g., thepower interface435 may not be connected to an external power source, and thezone player400 is powered by the at least one battery430).
• The playback device may make a determination as to which operating mode to operate in via at least one processor (e.g., the at least one processor408). The at least oneprocessor408 may receive a power signal that indicates that the zone player is receiving power from an external source. Further, the at least oneprocessor408 may receive a battery signal (or the absence of the power signal) that indicates that the zone player is not receiving power from an external source. The determination may be based on any such power signal or battery signal. In some embodiments, this determination may occur, for example, by periodically checking the power signal or battery signal, when an interrupt is received at the processor indicating a change from one mode (e.g. power mode) to another mode (e.g., battery mode).
• For example, referring now toFIG. 7A, the system configuration at the first point intime700 may include certain zone players operating in the powered mode, while other zone players are operating in the battery mode. As shown, thesystem configuration700 includes the zone players702-706 and external power sources712-714. In some embodiments, the external power sources712-714 may be docking stations connected to an electrical outlet. The external power sources712-714 may connect with the zone players702-704 (e.g., via the power interface435) and may provide power to the zone players702-704 and/or may charge internal batteries (e.g., the at least one battery430) of the zone players702-704. The zone players702-706 may form a network (e.g., an ad-hoc or “mesh” network). In other embodiments, the zone players702-706 may be part of a local area network (which may be an ad-hoc, a “mesh” network, a star network, or another type of network).
• As depicted, thezone player702 is connected to theexternal power source712. At least one processor of thezone player702 may determine that thezone player702 is receiving power from an external source, and thus, thezone player702 is in the powered mode. Likewise, thezone player704 is connected to theexternal power source714, and thezone player704 may determine that thezone player704 is operating in the powered mode. Further, as depicted, thezone player706 is not connected to an external power source. At least one processor of thezone player706 may determine that thezone player706 is receiving power from an internal battery, and therefore, thezone player706 is operating in the battery mode (as indicated by the battery symbol inFIG. 7A).
• Referring back toFIG. 8A, atblock820, themethod800 may involve causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the powered mode. In some embodiments, at least one processor may cause the zone player to serve as a network bridge. For example, the at least oneprocessor408 may receive a power signal that indicates that the zone player is receiving power from an external source, and the at least oneprocessor408 may then cause the zone player to serve as a network bridge. While serving as a network bridge, the zone player may receive data from a first network device and transmit the received data to a second network device.
• Referring back toFIG. 7A, while operating in the powered mode, thezone player702 may be configured to serve as a network bridge if so required by other devices within the network. For example, thezone player706 may be out of range of thezone player704, but thezone player706 may be within the range of thezone player702. Consequently, when thezone player706 requires data from a part of the network that thezone player706 is outside the range of, thezone player702 may be caused to serve as a network bridge for thezone player706. Thezone player702 may then receive data from thezone player704 and transmit the data to thezone player706. Other examples are also possible.
• In other embodiments, while operating in the powered mode, the playback device (e.g. the zone player702) may be further caused to serve as an access point for at least one controller device (e.g., the controller300). As the access point for the at least one controller device, the playback device may provide the at least one controller device a means for communicating with other playback devices that are networked with the playback device (e.g., any zone players that thezone player702 is acting as a bridge for). For example, thezone player702 may serve as an access point for a controller (not pictured), and consequently, the controller may communicate with thezone players704 and706.
• In some embodiments, while serving as a network bridge and/or as an access point, the zone player may receive at least one command to output media and in response to receiving the at least one command, the playback device may output the media. For example, thezone player702 may receive a command from another device (e.g., thezone player704, thezone player706, or a controller) to play a music stream. Thezone player702 may, in response to the command, locate the music stream and output the music stream at thezone player702.
• Atblock830, themethod800 may involve causing the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the battery mode. In some embodiments, at least one processor may cause a zone player to serve as a client device and not allow the zone player to act as a network bridge. For example, the at least oneprocessor408 may receive a battery signal that indicates that thezone player400 is receiving power from the at least onebattery435 and not an external power source, and the at least oneprocessor408 may then cause thezone player400 to serve as a client device. In other embodiments, the at least oneprocessor408 may cause thezone player400 to serve as a client device in response to not receiving a power signal.
• While serving as a client device, a zone player (e.g., the zone player706) may have limited transmission permissions relative to a zone player serving as a network bridge. For example, as a client device, thezone player706 may receive data from other network devices (e.g., the zone player702) but may not transmit the received data to another network device. A client device (e.g., the zone player706) may receive commands to play audio and then output the desired audio. Additionally, the client device may act as a source for audio (e.g., line-in interface on thezone player706, if applicable) to be played elsewhere in the networked media playback system.
• Referring back toFIG. 7A, thezone player706 is operating in the battery mode. At least one processor of thezone player706 may cause thezone player706 to serve as a client device. While serving as a client device, thezone player706 may have limited transmission permissions (as depicted by the dashed arrow inFIG. 7A). For example, as a client device, thezone player706 may not serve as a bridge or access point for another network device (e.g., another zone player or controller). Thezone player706 may receive data (e.g., an audio stream) from thezone player702 but thezone player706 may not forward data it receives from thezone player702 to another device (e.g., another zone player or a controller). Other examples are certainly possible.
• FIG. 8B is a flowchart depicting anexample method850 for transitioning a networked playback device between operating modes. In some embodiments, themethod850 may be carried out after or in combination with themethod800.
• Atblock852, themethod850 may involve, while the playback device is operating in the battery mode, the playback device receiving a message from at least one additional playback device. In one embodiment, the message may indicate a request to join a network that the playback device is part of. In other embodiments, the message may indicate a request that the playback device serve as a network bridge. Other example messages are also possible.
• For example, referring now toFIG. 7B, the system configuration at the second point intime750 may include the zone players702-706 operating in the same modes as they were at the end of the first point in time (e.g., as depicted inFIG. 7A). For example, the zone players702-704 may operate in the powered mode (e.g., serving as bridges), and thezone player706 may operate in the battery mode (e.g., serving as a client device).
• Thezone player706 may receive a message from azone player708. The message may be a probe message indicating an attempt by thezone player708 to join (or possibly rejoin the network if thezone player708 lost connectivity) the network formed by the zone players702-706. (It is presumed that thezone player708 previously obtained credentials to communicate with the zone players702-706). Thezone player706 may receive the message from thezone player708 because thezone player708 is out of the coverage range of the other zone players702-704 that are acting as network bridges (e.g., thezone player708 is only within the range of the zone player706).
• In some embodiments, after thezone player706 receives the message, thezone player706 may send a return message indicating that thezone player706 can provide connectivity (e.g., thezone player706 may transmit an acceptance response to the zone player708). In other embodiments, thezone player706 may send a return message indicating that it is operating in battery mode, and thezone player706 may wait for another message from thezone player708 before acting further.
• In some embodiments, a zone player may receive multiple responses from more than one zone player after transmitting a probe message. In such a scenario, the zone player may be configured to make a selection as to which responding zone player should act as a network bridge for the zone player. For example, thezone player708 may receive responses from both thezone player702 and thezone player706. Thezone player708 may be configured to determine from the responses that thezone player702 is operating in the powered mode and that thezone player706 is operating in the battery mode. From this determination, thezone player708 may select thezone player702 to act as a network bridge, since thezone player702 is powered by an external power source and thezone player706 is powered by an internal battery. Such a determination could, for example, conserve power. Other examples are also possible.
• Atblock854, themethod850 may involve, in response to the playback device receiving the message, causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge. In some embodiments, at least one processor of the zone player may cause the zone player to serve as a network bridge after receiving the message from another zone player even when the zone player is operating in the battery mode.
• For example, referring back toFIG. 7B, after thezone player706 received the message from thezone player708 requesting to join the network, at least one processor of thezone player706 may transition thezone player706 from serving as a client device to serving as a network bridge. That is, although thezone player706 is not powered from an external source, in response to thezone player706 receiving the message from thezone player708, thezone player706 serves as a network bridge. Consequently, the power consumption of thezone player706 may increase, but thezone player708 may join the network, and thezone player708 may receive data (e.g., audio data) from thezone player706. At the end of the second point in time, the zone players702-706 may serve as network bridges, while thezone player708 may serve as a client device.
• In some embodiments, a zone player may be operating in the battery mode, and the zone player may receive a request for the zone player to serve as a bridge. The zone player may be configured to transition to serve as a bridge based on a power level of the zone player's battery. For example, in one embodiment, the zone player may receive the request to serve as a bridge, determine that the power level of the zone player's battery is below a predefined threshold, and send a return response indicating that the zone player cannot serve as a bridge. In other embodiments, the zone player may receive the request to serve as a bridge, determine that the power level of the zone player's battery is at or above a predefined threshold, and cause the zone player to serve as a network bridge. Other examples are also possible.
• FIG. 8C is a flowchart depicting anexample method855 for transitioning a networked playback device between operating modes. In some embodiments, themethod855 may be carried out after or in combination with themethod800 and/or themethod850.
• Atblock856, themethod855 may involve, while the playback device is serving as a network bridge, the playback device receiving a message from at least one additional playback device. For example, referring back toFIG. 7B, thezone player706 may be serving as a network bridge for the zone player708 (e.g., as a result ofmethod850 as described above), and thezone player706 may receive a message from thezone player708. In some embodiments, the message may indicate that thezone player708 is leaving the network, that thezone player708 is currently operating in the powered mode, or that thezone player708 is switching to a different bridge, among other example messages.
• Atblock858, themethod855 may involve, in response to the playback device receiving the message, causing the playback device to operate as a client device. For example, referring back toFIG. 7B, thezone player706 may receive the message from thezone player708. The message may indicate that thezone player708 no longer requires thezone player706 to act as a bridge. In response, at least one processor of thezone player706 may cause thezone player706 to transition from serving as a network bridge to serving as a client device. By transitioning thezone player706 from serving as a network bridge to serving as a client device, thezone player706 may conserve power, which may be desirable within a network.
• In some embodiments, themethods800,850, and/or855 may further involve the playback device detecting a power level of the at least one battery (e.g., the at least one battery430). For example, the at least oneprocessor408 may detect the power level of the at least onebattery430 of thezone player400.
• In some embodiments, once the power level is detected, themethods800,850, and855 may further involve transmitting, by the playback device to at least one other networked device (e.g., one or more controllers and/or one or more zone players), a power-level message when the power level is below a predefined threshold. For example, referring back toFIG. 7B, at least one processor of thezone player706 may detect a power level of at least one battery of thezone player706 and determine that the power level is below a predefined threshold. The at least one processor may cause thezone player706 to transmit a power-level message to at least one other networked device (e.g., the zone player708) indicating that thezone player706 has low battery power and the at least one other networked device may lose connectivity. In some embodiments, threshold data may be stored inmemory410, which may indicate the predefined threshold.
• In certain embodiments, the power-level message sent by the zone player to the at least one other networked device may indicate a number of scenarios. For example, thezone player706 may transmit the power-level message that may indicate to other network devices (e.g., thezone player702, thezone player708, a controller, etc.) that thezone player706 has a low battery level, that thezone player706 can no longer serve as an access point and/or a bridge, that the other network devices should find a new access point and/or bridge, etc. Other examples are certainly possible.
• In some embodiments, the at least one other networked device that receives the power-level message may be configured to perform a function in response to the power-level message. For example, a zone player that receives the power-level message may find a different zone player to serve as a bridge, or a controller that receives the power-level message may find a different zone player to serve as an access point.
• For example, referring back toFIG. 7B, thezone player706 may be powered by an internal battery, and thezone player706 may be serving as a bridge for thezone player708. Thezone player706 may transmit a power-level message to a controller (e.g., a controller that thezone player706 is acting as an access point for), and the power-level message may indicate that the zone player's battery level is low and that thezone player708 may become unreachable on the network. In another example, thezone player706 may transmit a power-level message to a second zone player (e.g., any of thezone players702,704, or708), and the power-level message may indicate that thezone player706 has a low battery level. Other examples are possible as well.
• In some embodiments, a controller may display on a display screen a notification indicating that the battery level of a zone player (such as the zone player706) is low. In other embodiments, the controller may display on a display screen a notification indicating that a zone player is about to lose connectivity, possibly because another zone player that is acting as a bridge for the zone player is about to stop acting as a bridge. For example, if the battery power of thezone player706 is at or below a predefined threshold, and thezone player708 will become unreachable on the network without using thezone player706 as a bridge, then the controller may provide an indication of this event to the user.
IX. Conclusion
• The descriptions above disclose various example systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including, among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware. However, such examples are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of these firmware, hardware, and/or software components can be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, while the following describes example systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture, the examples provided are not the only way(s) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture.
• As provided in the embodiments discussed above, the present application may allow a playback device to transition between operating modes to help conserve power, among other benefits. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method involves determining, by a playback device, that the playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode. The powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source. The battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from at least one battery. The method further involves causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the powered mode. The method further involves causing the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the battery mode.
• In another aspect, a playback device is provided. The playback device includes at least one battery, a network interface, a non-transitory computer readable medium, and program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium. The program instructions are executable by at least one processor to cause the playback device to determine that the playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode. The powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source. The battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from the at least one battery. The program instructions are executable by the at least one processor to further cause the playback device to serve as a network bridge when operating in the powered mode. The program instructions are executable by the at least one processor to further cause the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when operating in the battery mode.
• In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable medium is provided. The non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by at least one processor. The instructions include instructions for determining that a playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode. The powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source. The battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from at least one battery. The instructions further include instructions for causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge when the playback device is operating in the powered mode. The instructions further include instructions for causing the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when the playback device is operating in the battery mode.
• Additionally, references herein to “embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of the invention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined with other embodiments.
• The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrative environments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble the operations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These process descriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is understood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the forgoing description of embodiments.
• When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at least one example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on, storing the software and/or firmware.

Claims (20)

We claim:

1. A playback device comprising:

at least one battery;

a network interface;

a non-transitory computer readable medium; and

program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by at least one processor to cause the playback device to:

determine that the playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode, wherein the powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source, and wherein the battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from the at least one battery;

serve as a network bridge when operating in the powered mode; and

(a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when operating in the battery mode.

2. The playback device ofclaim 1, further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the at least one processor to cause the playback device to:

while operating in the battery mode, receive a message from at least one additional playback device; and

responsive to receiving the message, cause the playback device to serve as a network bridge.

3. The playback device ofclaim 2, wherein the message is a first message, the playback device further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the at least one processor to cause the playback device to:

after receiving the first message and while serving as a network bridge, receive a second message from the at least one additional playback device; and

responsive to receiving the second message, cause the playback device to serve as a client device.

4. The playback device ofclaim 1, wherein operating in the powered mode further comprises causing the playback device to serve as an access point for at least one controller device.

5. The playback device ofclaim 1, further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the at least one processor to cause the playback device to:

detect a power level of the at least one battery; and

when the power level is below a predefined threshold, transmit to at least one controller device, a power-level message.

6. The playback device ofclaim 1, further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the at least one processor to cause the playback device to:

detect a power level of the at least one battery; and

when the power level is below a predefined threshold, transmit to at least one additional playback device a power-level message.

7. The playback device ofclaim 1, further comprising program instructions stored on the non-transitory computer readable medium and executable by the at least one processor to cause the playback device to, while serving as the network bridge, (a) receive at least one command to output media and (b) in response to receiving the at least one command, output the media.

8. A non-transitory computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by at least one processor, the instructions comprising:

instructions for determining that a playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode, wherein the powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source, and wherein the battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from at least one battery;

instructions for causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge when the playback device is operating in the powered mode, and

instructions for causing the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when the playback device is operating in the battery mode.

9. The non-transitory computer readable medium ofclaim 8, the instructions further comprising:

instructions for receiving a message, while operating in the battery mode, from at least one additional playback device; and

instructions for causing, in response to the message, the playback device to serve as a network bridge.

10. The non-transitory computer readable medium ofclaim 9, wherein the message is a first message, the instructions further comprising:

instructions for receiving a second message, after receiving the first message and while operating as the network bridge, from the at least one additional playback device; and

instructions for causing, in response to receiving the second message, the playback device to serve as a client device.

11. The non-transitory computer readable medium ofclaim 8, wherein operating in the powered mode further comprises causing the playback device to serve as an access point for at least one controller device.

12. The non-transitory computer readable medium ofclaim 8, the instructions further comprising:

instructions for detecting a power level of the at least one battery; and

instructions for transmitting, to one of at least one controller device and at least one additional playback device, a power-level message when the power level is below a predefined threshold.

13. The non-transitory computer readable medium ofclaim 8, the instructions further comprising:

instructions for causing, while serving as the network bridge, the playback device to (a) receive at least one command to output media and (b) in response to receiving the at least one command, output the media.

14. A method comprising:

determining, by a playback device, that the playback device is operating in one of a powered mode and a battery mode, wherein the powered mode comprises the playback device receiving power from an external source, and wherein the battery mode comprises the playback device receiving power from at least one battery;

causing the playback device to serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the powered mode; and

causing the playback device to (a) serve as a client device and (b) not serve as a network bridge when the playback device is in the battery mode.

15. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising:

receiving, by the playback device while operating in the battery mode, a message from at least one additional playback device; and

responsive to receiving the message, causing, by the playback device, the playback device to serve as a network bridge.

16. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the message is a first message, the method further comprising:

receiving, by the playback device after receiving the first message and while serving as the network bridge, a second message from the at least one additional playback device; and

responsive to receiving the second message, causing, by the playback device, the playback device to serve as a client device.

17. The method ofclaim 14, wherein operating in the powered mode further comprises causing the playback device to serve as an access point for at least one controller device.

18. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising:

detecting a power level of the at least one battery; and

transmitting, by the playback device to at least one controller device, a power-level message when the power level is below a predefined threshold.

19. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising:

detecting a power level of the at least one battery; and

transmitting, to at least one additional playback device, a power-level message when the power level is below a predefined threshold.

20. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising:

causing, while serving as the network bridge, the playback device to (a) receive at least one command to output media and (b) in response to receiving the at least one command, output the media.

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