US20140331867A1 - Method and apparatus for cartridge-based carbonation of beverages - Google Patents

Abstract

Systems, methods and cartridges for carbonating or otherwise dissolving gas in a precursor liquid, such as water, to form a beverage. A gas source can be provided in a cartridge which is used to generate gas that is dissolved into the precursor liquid. A beverage medium, such as a powdered drink mix or liquid syrup, may be provided in the same, or a separate cartridge as the gas source and mixed with the precursor liquid to form a beverage. The use of one or more cartridges for the gas source and/or beverage medium may make for an easy to use and mess-free system for making sparkling beverages, e.g., in the consumer's home.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/565,214, filed Aug. 2, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/514,676, filed Aug. 3, 2011, the contents of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/565,214 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/017,459, filed Jan. 31, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/337,184, filed Feb. 1, 2010.
BACKGROUND
• The inventions described herein relate to dissolving gas in liquids, e.g., carbonation, for use in preparing a beverage. Systems for carbonating liquids and/or mixing liquids with a beverage medium to form a beverage are described in a wide variety of publications, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,025,655, 4,040,342; 4,636,337; 6,712,342 and 5,182,084; and PCT Publication WO 2008/124851.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
• Aspects of the invention relate to carbonating or otherwise dissolving a gas in a precursor liquid, such as water, to form a beverage. In some embodiments, a carbon dioxide or other gas source can be provided in a cartridge which is used to generate carbon dioxide or other gas that is dissolved into the precursor liquid. A beverage medium, such as a powdered drink mix or liquid syrup, may be provided in the same, or a separate cartridge as the gas source and mixed with the precursor liquid (either before or after carbonation) to form a beverage. The use of one or more cartridges for the gas source and/or beverage medium may make for an easy to use and mess-free system for making carbonated or other sparkling beverages, e.g., in the consumer's home. (The term “carbonation” or “carbonated” is used herein to generically refer to beverages that have a dissolved gas, and thus refers to a sparkling beverage whether the dissolved gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, air or other gas. Thus, aspects of the invention are not limited to forming beverages that have a dissolved carbon dioxide content, but rather may include any dissolved gas.)
• In one aspect of the invention a beverage making system includes a beverage precursor liquid supply arranged to provide a precursor liquid. The precursor liquid supply may include a reservoir, a pump, one or more conduits, one or more valves, one or more sensors (e.g., to detect a water level in the reservoir), and/or any other suitable components to provide water or other precursor liquid in a way suitable to form a beverage. The system may also include a single cartridge having first and/or second cartridge portions. The first cartridge portion may contain a gas source arranged to emit gas for use in dissolving into the precursor liquid, e.g., for carbonating the precursor liquid, and the second cartridge portion may contain a beverage medium arranged to be mixed with a liquid precursor to form a beverage. The system may include a cartridge interface, such as a chamber that receives and at least partially encloses the cartridge, a connection port arranged to fluidly couple with the cartridge, or other arrangement. A gas dissolution device may be arranged to dissolve gas that is emitted from the first cartridge portion into the precursor liquid, and may include, for example, a membrane contactor, a chamber suitable to hold a liquid under pressure to help dissolve gas in the liquid, a sparger, a sprinkler arranged to introduce water to a pressurized gas environment, or other arrangement. The system may be arranged to mix precursor liquid with the beverage medium, whether before or after gas is dissolved in the liquid, to form a beverage. The beverage medium may be mixed with the liquid in the cartridge, in another portion of the system such as a mixing chamber into which beverage medium from the cartridge is introduced along with precursor liquid, in a user's cup, or elsewhere.
• In one aspect of the invention, a beverage making system includes a beverage precursor liquid supply arranged to provide a precursor liquid, and a cartridge chamber arranged to hold first and/or second cartridge portions. The cartridge chamber may have a single cartridge receiving portion for receiving one or more cartridges, or may include a plurality of cartridge receiving portions that are separated from each other, e.g., for receiving two or more cartridges. If multiple receiving portions are provided, they may be opened and closed simultaneously or independently of each other. A first cartridge portion may be provided in the cartridge chamber where the first cartridge portion contains a gas source arranged to emit carbon dioxide or other gas for use in carbonating the precursor liquid. In some embodiments, the gas source may include a charged molecular sieve, such as a zeolite that is in solid form (e.g., pellets) and has adsorbed carbon dioxide or other gas, that releases gas in the presence of water. A second cartridge portion may be provided in the cartridge chamber where the second cartridge portion contains a beverage medium arranged to be mixed with a liquid precursor to form a beverage. The system may be arranged to carbonate the precursor liquid using the gas emitted by the first cartridge portion and to mix the beverage medium of the second cartridge portion with the precursor liquid. The precursor liquid may be carbonated in the first cartridge portion, or in one or more other areas (such as a reservoir or membrane carbonator) to which gas is delivered. Mixing of the precursor liquid with beverage medium may occur before or after carbonation, and may occur in the second cartridge portion or in another location, such as a mixing chamber separate from the second cartridge portion.
• The system may include a gas source activating fluid supply arranged to provide fluid to the cartridge chamber for contact with the gas source to cause the gas source to emit gas. For example, the gas activating fluid supply may be arranged to control an amount of fluid (such as water in liquid or vapor form) provided to the cartridge chamber to control an amount of gas produced by the gas source. This may allow the system to control a gas pressure used to carbonate the precursor liquid. Thus, the cartridge chamber may be arranged to hold at least the first cartridge portion in the cartridge chamber under a pressure that is greater than an ambient pressure. Alternately, the first cartridge portion may be arranged to withstand a pressure caused by gas emitted by the gas source without a supporting structure or other enclosure. A gas supply may be arranged to conduct gas emitted by the gas source, under pressure greater than the ambient pressure, to beverage precursor liquid to carbonate the precursor liquid. The gas may be conducted to a carbonation tank, a membrane contactor, or other suitable arrangement for carbonation. For example, the system may include a carbonator that includes a membrane that separates a liquid side from a gas side of the carbonator, where the gas is provided to the gas side and the beverage precursor liquid supply provides precursor liquid to the liquid side such that gas on the gas side is dissolved in the precursor liquid on the liquid side. A pump may move precursor liquid from a reservoir through the carbonator for subsequent discharge as a beverage, or the precursor liquid may be circulated back to the reservoir for one or more additional passes through the carbonator.
• In some embodiments, the system may mix the beverage medium with precursor liquid to form a beverage such that none of the beverage contacts the gas source. However, in other embodiments, the precursor liquid may contact the gas source, e.g., where the liquid is passed through the first cartridge portion to be carbonated. The first and second cartridge portions may each be part of respective first and second cartridges that are distinct from each other, or the cartridge portions may be part of a single cartridge. If part of a single cartridge, the first and second cartridge portions may be separated from each other, e.g., by a permeable element such as a filter, or an impermeable element such as a wall of the cartridge that may or may not be frangible, burstable (such as by suitable pressure), piercable or otherwise breached to allow the first and second cartridge portions to communicate with each other. A cartridge associated with the first and second cartridge portions may be pierced or otherwise arranged for fluid communication while in the cartridge chamber to allow access to the first and second portions. For example, if the cartridge portions are in separate cartridges, the two cartridges may be pierced by closing of the cartridge chamber to allow fluid to be provided to and/or gas to exit from the first cartridge portion, and to allow the beverage medium to exit the second cartridge portion whether alone or with a mixed precursor liquid.
• In some embodiments, the first and cartridge portions may each have a volume that is less than a volume of carbonated beverage to be formed using the cartridge portions. This can provide a significant advantage by allowing a user to form a relatively large volume beverage using a relative small volume cartridge or cartridges. For example, the system may be arranged to use the first and second cartridge portions over a period of time less than about 120 seconds to form a carbonated liquid having a volume of between 100-1000 ml and a carbonation level of about 1 to 5 volumes. Carbonation may occur at pressures between 20-50 psi, or more. The cartridge portions in this embodiment may have a volume of about 50 ml or less, reducing an amount of waste and/or adding to convenience of the system.
• In another aspect of the invention, a method for forming a beverage includes providing first and second cartridge portions to a beverage making machine where the first cartridge portion contains a gas source arranged to emit gas for use in carbonating a liquid, and the second cartridge portion contains a beverage medium arranged to be mixed with a liquid precursor to form a beverage. A fluid, such as water in liquid or vapor form, may be provided to the cartridge chamber to cause the gas source to emit gas, and a precursor liquid may be carbonated by dissolving at least a portion of the gas emitted from the gas source in the precursor liquid. The precursor liquid may be mixed with a beverage medium to produce a beverage, either before or after carbonation.
• As noted above, the gas source may be in solid form in the first cartridge portion, e.g., including a charged zeolite. An amount of fluid provided to the first cartridge portion may be controlled to control gas production by the gas source, e.g., to maintain a pressure of gas produced by the gas source to be within a desired range above an ambient pressure. In one embodiment, the gas source includes a charged zeolite, and an amount of fluid provided to the cartridge chamber is controlled so as to cause the charged zeolite to emit gas over a period of at least 30 seconds or more.
• Carbonation of the precursor liquid may include providing gas to a reservoir that contains precursor liquid, providing gas to a gas side of a membrane such that gas on the gas side is dissolved in the precursor liquid on a liquid side of the membrane, spraying precursor liquid in a gas-filled space, passing the precursor liquid through the first cartridge portion under pressure, and so on.
• As mentioned above, the first and second cartridge portions may each be part of respective first and second cartridges that are distinct from each other, or the cartridge portions may be part of a single cartridge. If part of a single cartridge, the first and second cartridge portions may be separated from each other, e.g., by a cartridge wall. Mixing of the precursor liquid may occur before or after carbonation, and may occur in the second cartridge portion or in another location, such as a mixing chamber separate from the second cartridge portion.
• In one embodiment, the steps of providing a fluid and carbonating may be performed over a period of time less than about 120 seconds (e.g., about 60 seconds) and using a gas pressure of 20-50 psi (e.g., above ambient) to form a carbonated liquid having a volume of between 100-1000 ml (e.g., about 500 ml) and a carbonation level of about 2 to 4 volumes (or less or more, such as 1 to 5 volumes). Thus, systems and methods according to this aspect may produce a relatively highly carbonated beverage in a relatively short period of time, and without requiring high pressures.
• In another aspect of the invention, a beverage making system includes a beverage precursor liquid supply for providing a precursor liquid, a cartridge chamber or other interface arranged to hold a cartridge, and a cartridge including an internal space containing a gas source. The gas source may be arranged to emit gas for use in carbonating the precursor liquid, e.g., in response to contact with a fluid, such as water or other activating agent. A gas activating fluid supply may be arranged to provide fluid to the cartridge chamber for contact with the gas source to cause the gas source to emit gas, and the activating fluid supply may be arranged to control an amount of fluid provided to the cartridge chamber to control an amount of gas emitted by the gas source, e.g., to control a pressure in the cartridge chamber or other area. A gas supply may be arranged to conduct gas emitted by the gas source, under pressure greater than the ambient pressure, to precursor liquid provided via the beverage precursor liquid supply to carbonate the precursor liquid. The ability to control gas production, and thus pressure, in a relatively simple way of controlling fluid flow into the cartridge chamber, may provide advantages of a simple control and system operation.
• The beverage precursor liquid supply may include a reservoir that contains precursor liquid, a carbonator that includes a membrane that separates a liquid side from a gas side of the carbonator, a pump that moves precursor liquid from the reservoir through the carbonator or other portion of the system, one or more filters or other liquid treatment devices, and so on. The cartridge chamber may be arranged to hold the cartridge in the chamber under a pressure that is greater than an ambient pressure, e.g., within a pressure range that is suitable for carbonating the precursor liquid. In some embodiments, gas pressure used for carbonation may be between about 20 and 50 psi, although higher (and lower) pressures are possible.
• In another aspect of the invention, a method for forming a beverage includes providing a cartridge having an internal space that is sealed to enclose a gas source in the internal space, providing fluid to the cartridge to cause the gas source to emit gas, controlling an amount of fluid provided to the cartridge over a period of time to control an amount of gas emitted by the gas source during the period of time, and carbonating a precursor liquid by dissolving at least a portion of the gas emitted from the gas source in the precursor liquid. The precursor liquid may be mixed with a beverage medium to produce a beverage, either before or after carbonation, whether in a cartridge or other area. In one embodiment, the cartridge may be pierced using a beverage making machine to provide liquid to the cartridge, while in other embodiments liquid may be provided to the cartridge via a defined port or other arrangement. As with the embodiments above, the liquid may be carbonated in the cartridge or other area, such as a carbonator or reservoir, the cartridge may include a second portion that includes the beverage medium (or a second cartridge may be used with the beverage medium), and so on.
• In another aspect of the invention, a method for forming a carbonated beverage includes providing a cartridge having an internal space that is sealed to enclose a gas source in the internal space where the gas source is in solid form, opening the cartridge (such as by piercing) and causing the gas source to emit gas, and carbonating a liquid by dissolving at least a portion of the gas emitted from the gas source in the liquid. The liquid may be mixed with a beverage medium by passing the liquid through a cartridge chamber that contains the beverage medium to produce a beverage. By mixing the liquid with beverage medium in a cartridge, the need for a separate mixing chamber may be avoided, and flavor contamination between consecutively made beverages may be reduced (because the cartridge serves as the mixing chamber and is used only once).
• In one embodiment, the cartridge that encloses the gas source also includes the cartridge chamber that contains the beverage medium. For example, liquid may be introduced into a first portion of the cartridge where the gas source is located for carbonation, and pass from the first portion to a second portion where the beverage medium is located. In another embodiment, the cartridge chamber where liquid is mixed with beverage medium may be part of a second cartridge separate from the cartridge that encloses the gas source.
• Gas from the cartridge may be routed to an area where the gas is dissolved in the liquid, e.g., to a membrane contactor, a reservoir that holds a substantial portion of the liquid, or other arrangement. A pressure of the gas may be controlled by controlling an amount of fluid provided to the cartridge. As with other aspects of the invention, various embodiments and optional features described herein may be used with this aspect of the invention.
• In another aspect of the invention, a kit for forming a beverage includes a first cartridge having an internal space that is sealed and contains a gas source in the internal space. The gas source may be in solid form, or stored in the internal space at pressures below 100 psi, and arranged to emit gas for use in carbonating a precursor liquid. The first cartridge may be arranged to have an inlet through which fluid is provided to activate the gas source and an outlet through which gas exits the first cartridge. For example, the first cartridge may be pierced to form the inlet and outlet, or the first cartridge may have a defined inlet/outlet. A second cartridge of the kit may include an internal space that is sealed and contains a beverage medium for use in mixing with the precursor liquid to form a beverage. The second cartridge may be arranged to mix a precursor liquid with the beverage medium in the second cartridge, and thus may be pierceable or otherwise arranged to allow inlet of liquid and outlet of mixed liquid/beverage medium. The first and second cartridges may each have a volume that is less than a volume of beverage to be formed using the first and second cartridges, e.g., the cartridge may have a volume of about 50 ml and be used to make a beverage having a volume of about 500 ml. The first and second cartridges may be joined together, e.g., such that the cartridges cannot be separated from each other, without use of tools, without damaging at least a portion of the first or second cartridge. In one embodiment, the first and second cartridges may be joined by a welded joint or by interlocking mechanical fasteners.
• In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge for forming a beverage includes a container having an internal space that is sealed and contains a gas source in the internal space. The gas source may be in solid form (such as a charged zeolite or other molecular sieve) and arranged to emit gas for use in carbonating a precursor liquid. In one arrangement, the gas or other gas source may be stored in a sealed space in the cartridge for an extended period at a pressure of less than about 100 psi prior to the sealed space being opened. Thus, the cartridge need not necessarily be capable of withstanding high pressures to store the gas source. The container may be arranged to have an inlet through which fluid is provided to activate the gas source and an outlet through which gas exits the container for use in carbonating the precursor liquid. In one embodiment, the container may be pierceable by a beverage making machine to form the inlet and to form the outlet, e.g., at the top, bottom, side and/or other locations of the cartridge. In one arrangement, the container may include a lid that is pierceable by a beverage machine to form both the inlet and outlet. The container may have at least one portion that is semi-rigid or flexible, e.g., that is not suitable to withstand a pressure over about 80 psi inside the cartridge without physical support. The container may include a second chamber that contains a beverage medium for use in flavoring the precursor liquid to form a beverage, and the second chamber may be isolated from a first chamber in which the gas source is contained. The container may have a volume that is less than a volume of carbonated beverage to be formed using the cartridge.
• In another aspect of the invention, a beverage making system includes a cartridge chamber arranged to hold a cartridge under a pressure that is greater than an ambient pressure, and a cartridge including an internal space containing a gas source arranged to emit gas for use in carbonating a liquid. The cartridge may have a volume that is less than a volume of beverage to be created using the cartridge, e.g., a volume of 50 ml or less for use in carbonating a volume of liquid of about 100-1000 ml to a carbonation level of at least about 1 to 4 volumes. A beverage precursor liquid supply may provide precursor liquid into the internal space of the cartridge to cause the gas source to emit gas and cause at least some of the gas to be dissolved in the precursor liquid while in the internal space. Carbonating the liquid in a cartridge chamber can simplify system operation, e.g., by eliminating the need for carbonation tanks or other carbonators. Instead, the cartridge may function as a carbonator, at least in part. In one embodiment, the cartridge includes a second chamber that contains a beverage medium for use in mixing with the precursor liquid to form a beverage. The second chamber may be isolated from a first chamber in which the gas source is contained, or the first and second chamber may communicate, e.g., liquid may be introduced into the first chamber to be carbonated and pass from the first chamber to the second chamber where the beverage medium is located.
• In another aspect of the invention, a method for forming a beverage includes providing a cartridge having an internal space that is sealed to enclose a gas source in the internal space where the cartridge has a volume that is less than a volume of beverage to be created using the cartridge. Liquid may be provided into the cartridge to cause the gas source to emit gas, and the liquid may be carbonated by dissolving at least a portion of the gas emitted from the gas source in the liquid while the liquid is in the cartridge. The liquid may be mixed with a beverage medium to produce a beverage, either before or after carbonation in the cartridge. In fact, the cartridge may include a second chamber that contains a beverage medium for use in mixing with the precursor liquid to form a beverage, and the cartridge may have a volume that is less than a beverage to be made using the cartridge. The cartridge may be pierced using a beverage making machine to form an inlet and an outlet.
• In another aspect of the invention, a beverage making system includes a beverage precursor liquid supply, a cartridge chamber or other interface arranged to hold a cartridge in a chamber, and a cartridge including an internal space containing a gas source that is in solid form and is arranged to emit gas for use in carbonating a liquid. A gas activating fluid supply may provide liquid to the cartridge for contact with the gas source to cause the gas source to emit gas. The system may also include a carbonator that has a membrane that separates a liquid side from a gas side, where the gas emitted by the cartridge is provided to the gas side and the beverage precursor liquid supply provides precursor liquid to the liquid side such that gas on the gas side is dissolved in the precursor liquid on the liquid side. The cartridge interface may be arranged to hold the cartridge in the chamber under a pressure that is greater than an ambient pressure, e.g., within a pressure range used to carbonate the liquid in the carbonator. A gas supply may be arranged to conduct gas emitted by the gas source, under pressure greater than the ambient pressure, from the cartridge chamber to the gas side of the carbonator. The membrane of the carbonator may include a plurality of hollow fibers where an interior of the hollow fibers is part of the liquid side and an exterior of the hollow fibers is part of the gas side.
• In another aspect of the invention, a method for forming a beverage includes providing a cartridge having an internal space that is sealed to enclose a gas source in the internal space that is in solid form and arranged to emit gas, opening or otherwise accessing the cartridge (such as by piercing) and causing the cartridge to emit gas, and carbonating the liquid by dissolving at least a portion of the gas emitted from the gas source in a liquid. The gas may be located on a gas side of a membrane and the liquid being located on a liquid side of the membrane. The membrane may be formed by a plurality of hollow fibers where the liquid side is located at an interior of the fibers and the gas side is at an exterior of the fibers. A gas pressure at the gas side may be controlled based on controlling an amount of liquid provided to the cartridge.
• In another embodiment, a cartridge for use by a beverage making machine in forming a beverage includes first and second portions that are attached together and separated by an impermeable barrier, such as a lid or other container part of the first and/or second portion. The first portion may contain a gas source for emitting a gas to be dissolved in a beverage precursor liquid, and the second portion may contain a beverage medium for mixing with a precursor liquid to form a beverage. The first and second portions may be arranged with respect to each other so that the cartridge has a plane where the first portion is located below the plane and the second portion is located above the plane. For example, the second portion may be stacked on top of the first portion, e.g., with lids of the first and second portions located adjacent each other.
• In one illustrative embodiment, a cartridge for use by a beverage making machine in forming a beverage includes a container with first and second portions that are attached together and separated by an impermeable barrier, such as a foil lid used to close a container part of the first and/or second portion. The first portion may contain a gas source for emitting a gas to be dissolved in a beverage precursor liquid, and the second portion may contain a beverage medium for mixing with a precursor liquid to form a beverage. The second portion may include a wall, such as a lid, a sidewall of a container part, a bottom of a container part, a wall of a bag, etc., that is movable to force beverage medium to exit the second portion for mixing with precursor liquid. The wall may be movable in any suitable way, such as by air or other gas pressure, a plunger, piston or other item contacting and moving the wall, and so on.
• In the embodiments above, the first portion may have an inlet through which fluid is provided to activate the gas source (e.g., a lid or other part of the first portion may be pierced to form an inlet opening) and an outlet through which gas exits the first portion for dissolving in the precursor liquid (e.g., a lid or other part of the first portion may be pierced to form an outlet opening). The inlet and outlet may be located on a same side of the first portion, such as a top of the first portion. In one arrangement, the first portion may include a surface arranged to accommodate piercing to form an inlet through which fluid is provided to activate the gas source, and the first portion may be attached to the second portion such that the surface is unexposed. For example, the second portion may be attached to the first portion so that the piercable part of the first portion is covered by the second portion. This arrangement may help reduce the likelihood that the surface is prematurely pierced, e.g., pierced by accident prior to the cartridge being associated with a beverage making machine. The second portion may have an outlet through which the beverage medium exits the container for mixing with the precursor liquid, e.g., a part of the second portion may be pierced to form an opening for beverage medium exit, the second portion may have a frangible seal or other element that opens to release beverage medium, etc.
• In one embodiment, the movable wall defines, at least in part, the first portion of the cartridge. For example, the first portion may be defined at least in part by a first chamber wall, and the second portion may be defined at least in part by a second chamber wall that defines a second space. The first chamber wall may be received into the second space, e.g., like a plunger, and be movable relative to the second chamber wall to expel beverage medium from the second portion of the cartridge. In some embodiments, the wall may include a layer of barrier material, such as a metal foil, a metal foil/polymer laminate, a layer of plastic material, etc. For example, the second portion may be defined by a capsule formed by a layer a metal foil material, such as a sheet aluminum. The layer of barrier material may be arranged to open (e.g., by bursting or piercing) and allow beverage medium to exit the second portion when a force is applied to the barrier material. For example, the cartridge may include a piercing element that opens the second portion when a force is applied to the barrier material. In another embodiment, the wall includes corrugations and a frangible outlet that is openable based on pressure inside the second portion. The wall may be pressed so that the corrugations collapse, e.g., in a staged or sequential fashion, to force beverage medium through the outlet, which may include a burstable seal formed by a weakened portion of the wall (e.g., by scoring, partial perforation, etc.). Like the second portion, the first portion may be defined by a capsule formed by a layer of barrier material, and the first and second portions may be attached together, e.g., by crimping rims or edges of the barrier material together.
• The first and second portions may be sealed from an exterior environment and the first portion may contain a carbon dioxide source in solid form (such as a charged zeolite) arranged to emit carbon dioxide gas for use in mixing with a beverage precursor liquid to form a beverage. In one embodiment, a pressure in the first portion prior to breaking a seal of the first portion to expose the gas source may be relatively low, e.g., less than 100 psi. However, the gas source may be arranged to emit gas suitable for forming a carbonated beverage having a volume of between 100-1000 ml and a carbonation level of about 1 to 5.
• These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from the following description and claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Aspects of the invention are described with reference to the following drawings in which like numerals reference like elements, and wherein:
• FIG. 1 shows a illustrative embodiment of a beverage making system having a removable reservoir;
• FIG. 2 shows a illustrative embodiment of a beverage making system having a contactor arranged to circulate precursor liquid;
• FIG. 3 shows a illustrative embodiment of a beverage making system in which liquid is carbonated in a single pass through a carbonator;
• FIG. 4 shows an illustrative embodiment of a beverage making system in which a gas cartridge is located in a carbonation reservoir;
• FIG. 5 shows an illustrative embodiment of a cartridge chamber;
• FIG. 6 shows an illustrative embodiment of gas and beverage medium cartridges joined together;
• FIGS. 7 and 8 shown perspective and top views, respectively, of gas and beverage medium cartridges;
• FIG. 9 shows an illustrative embodiment of a cartridge arranged to carbonate a liquid in the cartridge;
• FIG. 10 shows an illustrative embodiment of a cartridge arranged to carbonate a liquid in the cartridge in an alternative orientation;
• FIG. 11 shows an illustrative embodiment of a cartridge having isolated chambers containing a gas source and a beverage medium;
• FIG. 12 shows a cross sectional view of a cartridge having a movable part to configure the cartridge for use in forming a beverage;
• FIG. 13 shows a cross sectional view of theFIG. 12 cartridge after movement of the movable part;
• FIG. 14 shows an exploded view of theFIG. 12 cartridge;
• FIG. 15 shows an exploded view of a cartridge having a first portion located over a second portion;
• FIG. 16 shows a cross sectional view of theFIG. 15 cartridge;
• FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of a cartridge having a planar support;
• FIG. 18 shows an exploded view of theFIG. 17 cartridge;
• FIG. 19 shows a cross sectional view of theFIG. 17 cartridge;
• FIG. 20 shows a cross sectional view of theFIG. 17 cartridge with beverage medium being expelled from a second portion of the cartridge;
• FIG. 21 shows a top view of a part of the support of theFIG. 17 cartridge below the second portion;
• FIG. 22 shows a schematic view of an arrangement in which precursor liquid and beverage media have a coaxial flow;
• FIG. 23 shows a modification of theFIG. 17 cartridge in which the second portion is positioned over the first portion;
• FIG. 24 shows an exploded view of a cartridge having a mixing chamber portion;
• FIG. 25 shows an assembled perspective view of theFIG. 24 cartridge;
• FIG. 26 shows a cross sectional view of theFIG. 24 cartridge;
• FIG. 27 shows a cross sectional view of theFIG. 24 cartridge with beverage medium expelled from the second portion;
• FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of a cartridge including side-by-side gas source and beverage medium portions;
• FIG. 29 shows an exploded view of theFIG. 28 cartridge;
• FIG. 30 shows a cross sectional view of theFIG. 28 cartridge;
• FIG. 31 shows a schematic view of a beverage making system employing gravity and/or pressure feed of precursor liquid;
• FIG. 32 shows a schematic view of a beverage making system with an ice dispensing function;
• FIG. 33 shows a schematic view of a beverage making system employing heat or other activation of a gas source;
• FIG. 34 shows a schematic view of a beverage making system employing a plunger to supply precursor liquid;
• FIG. 35 shows a schematic view of a beverage making system arranged to cycle precursor liquid through a gas dissolution device;
• FIG. 36 shows a schematic view of a cartridge having an activation fluid flow controller;
• FIGS. 37 and 38 show a schematic view of a cartridge having an activation fluid flow controller that interacts with a beverage making machine;
• FIGS. 39 and 40 show an arrangement in which pressure in a cartridge moves the cartridge to control activation fluid flow;
• FIGS. 41 and 42 show a close up view of an activation fluid supply needle and activator inlet of a cartridge for use in theFIGS. 39 and 40 embodiment;
• FIGS. 43 and 44 show an illustrative embodiment in which pressure in a cartridge is detected by a beverage making machine;
• FIG. 45 shows a cross sectional view of a cartridge arranged similarly to that inFIGS. 28-30 and arranged to allow for pinch control of fluid flow in the cartridge;
• FIG. 46 shows another embodiment in which pressure in a cartridge is detected by a beverage making machine;
• FIGS. 47 and 48 show an embodiment in which pressure in a cartridge is detected by a beverage making machine and activation fluid flow is controlled by a valve actuator of the machine;
• FIGS. 49 and 50 show a schematic diagram of a flow controller arrangement for a cartridge for automatic gas pressure control;
• FIG. 51 shows a cross sectional view of a cartridge having a filter;
• FIG. 52 shows an exploded view of another embodiment of a cartridge having a filter;
• FIGS. 53 and 54 show cross sectional views of the second portion and the first portion, respectively of theFIG. 52 embodiment;
• FIG. 55 shows a cut away perspective view of an insert end of the cartridge ofFIG. 52;
• FIG. 56 shows a cross sectional view of a cartridge arranged to allow a user to define a beverage characteristic by interacting with the cartridge;
• FIG. 57 shows a perspective view of theFIG. 56 cartridge;
• FIG. 58 shows an assembled view of a cartridge having first and second portions joined such that lid portions are adjacent each other;
• FIG. 59 shows a side view of theFIG. 58 embodiment with the first and second portions detached;
• FIG. 60 shows a top view of theFIG. 59 arrangement;
• FIG. 61 shows a cartridge with first and second portions joined together by a lid section and in a folded configuration;
• FIG. 62 shows theFIG. 61 embodiment in an unfolded configuration;
• FIG. 63 shows a cross sectional view of an illustrative cartridge with an internal piercing element;
• FIG. 64 shows an exploded view of a cartridge having a portion formed as a gusseted bag and another portion received into the gusset cavity; and
• FIG. 65 shows a cartridge with a second portion containing a beverage medium and a pressurized gas used to expel the beverage medium.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• It should be understood that aspects of the invention are described herein with reference to the figures, which show illustrative embodiments. The illustrative embodiments described herein are not necessarily intended to show all embodiments in accordance with the invention, but rather are used to describe a few illustrative embodiments. Thus, aspects of the invention are not intended to be construed narrowly in view of the illustrative embodiments. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the invention may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the invention.
• In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a fluid (such as water, water vapor, or other) may be provided to a carbon dioxide or other gas source in a cartridge so as to cause the gas source to emit gas that is used to carbonate or otherwise for dissolution in a liquid. In one embodiment, beverage making machine may include a gas activating fluid supply arranged to provide fluid to a cartridge chamber for contact with the gas source so as to cause the gas source to emit gas. In other arrangements, the gas source may be caused to release gas in other ways, such as by heating, exposing the source to microwaves or other electromagnetic radiation, etc. A gas supply of the machine may be arranged to conduct gas emitted by the gas source, under pressure greater than the ambient pressure, to a precursor liquid to carbonate the precursor liquid. In some embodiments, the gas source may be in solid form, such as a zeolite, activated carbon or other molecular sieve that is charged with carbon dioxide or other gas, and the use of a cartridge may not only isolate the gas source from activating agents (such as water vapor in the case of a charged zeolite), but also potentially eliminate the need for a user to touch or otherwise directly handle the carbon dioxide source.
• Having a gas activating fluid supply may enable the use of another aspect of the invention, i.e., a volume or other measure of the fluid provided to the cartridge may be controlled to control the rate or amount of gas that produced by the gas source. This feature can make the use of some gas sources, such as a charged zeolite material, possible without requiring gas storage or high pressure components. For example, zeolites charged with carbon dioxide tend to release carbon dioxide very rapidly and in relatively large quantities (e.g., a 30 gram mass of charged zeolite can easily produce 1-2 liters of carbon dioxide gas at atmospheric pressure in a few seconds in the presence of less than 30-50 ml of water). This rapid release can in some circumstances make the use of zeolites impractical for producing relatively highly carbonated liquids, such as a carbonated water that is carbonated to a level of 2 volumes or more. (A carbonation “volume” refers to the number of volume measures of carbon dioxide gas that is dissolved in a given volume measure of liquid. For example, a 1 liter amount of “2 volume” carbonated water includes a 1 liter volume of water that has 2 liters of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in it. Similarly, a 1 liter amount of “4 volume” carbonated water includes a 1 liter volume of water that has 4 liters of carbon dioxide dissolved in it. The gas volume measure is the gas volume that could be released from the carbonated liquid at atmospheric or ambient pressure and room temperature.) That is, dissolution of carbon dioxide or other gases in liquids typically takes a certain amount of time, and the rate of dissolution can only be increased a limited amount under less than extreme conditions, such as pressures within about 150 psi of ambient and temperatures within about +/−40 to 50 degrees C. of room temperature. By controlling the rate of carbon dioxide (or other gas) production for a carbon dioxide (or other gas) source, the total time over which the carbon dioxide (or other gas) source emits carbon dioxide (or other gas) can be extended, allowing time for the carbon dioxide (gas) to be dissolved without requiring relatively high pressures. For example, when employing one illustrative embodiment incorporating one or more aspects of the invention, the inventors have produced liquids having at least up to about 3.5 volume carbonation levels in less than 60 seconds, at pressures under about 40 psi, and at temperatures around 0 degrees Celsius. This capability allows for a carbonated beverage machine to operate at relatively modest temperatures and pressures, potentially eliminating the need for relatively expensive high pressure tanks, conduits and other components, as well as extensive pressure releases, containment structures and other safety features that might otherwise be required, particularly for a machine to be used in the consumer's home. Of course, as discussed above and elsewhere herein, aspects of the invention are not limited to use with carbon dioxide, and instead any suitable gas may be dissolved in a liquid in accordance with all aspects of this disclosure.
• In another aspect of the invention, a portion of a precursor liquid that is used to form a beverage may be used to activate the gas source. This feature may help simplify operation of a beverage making machine, e.g., by eliminating the need for special activation substances. As a result, a beverage making machine, or a method of forming a sparkling beverage, may be made less expensively and/or without special purpose ingredients. For example, in the case of a machine making carbonated water, all that is needed to activate the carbon dioxide source may be a portion of the water used to form the beverage. It should be understood, however, that other aspects of the invention need not require the use of a portion of precursor liquid to activate a carbon dioxide source, and instead may use any suitable activating agent, such as a citric acid in aqueous form that is added to a bicarbonate material, heat, microwave or other electromagnetic radiation used to activate a zeolite source, and others. For example, the cartridge that includes the carbon dioxide source may include (as part of the source), an activating agent whose addition to another component of the carbon dioxide source is controlled to control carbon dioxide production.
• FIG. 1 shows one illustrative embodiment that incorporates at least the aspects of providing a fluid to a cartridge and/or cartridge chamber to activate a gas source, as well as controlling the fluid flow to control gas production, and the use of a portion of beverage precursor liquid to activate a gas source. Thebeverage making system1 ofFIG. 1 includes abeverage precursor liquid2 that is contained in areservoir11. Thebeverage precursor liquid2 can be any suitable liquid, including water (e.g., flavored or otherwise treated water, such as sweetened, filtered, deionized, softened, carbonated, etc.), or any other suitable liquid used to form a beverage, such as milk, juice, coffee, tea, etc. (whether heated or cooled relative to room temperature or not). Thereservoir11 is part of abeverage precursor supply10, which also includes alid12 that engages with thereservoir11 to form a sealed enclosure, apump13 to circulate theprecursor liquid2, and a nozzle, showerhead orother component14 that serves to disperse theprecursor liquid2 in a headspace in thereservoir11. Of course, theprecursor supply10 may be arranged in other ways, e.g., to include additional or different components. For example, thereservoir11 andlid12 may be replaced with a closed tank that has suitable inlet/outlet ports, thepump13 and/ornozzle14 may be eliminated, and or other changes.
• In this embodiment, thereservoir11 is initially provided with theprecursor liquid2 by a user, who provides the liquid2 in thereservoir11, e.g., from a water tap or other source. The user may also provide ice or other cooling medium in thereservoir11 as desired, so as to cool the ultimate beverage made. In other embodiments, thesystem1 may include a refrigeration system or other cooling system (such as that found in refrigerators, air conditioning units, thermoelectric cooling units, or other devices used to remove heat from a material) to cool the liquid2 whether before, during and/or after carbonation. In some arrangements, cooling theprecursor liquid2 may help the carbonation process, e.g., because cooler liquids tend to dissolve carbon dioxide or other gas more rapidly and/or are capable of dissolving larger amounts of gas. However, in one aspect of the invention, a carbonated liquid may be cooled after the carbonation process is complete, e.g., just before discharge using a flow through chiller. This feature may allow thesystem1 to chill only the beverage, and not other portions of the system, such as thereservoir11, carbonator, pump, etc., reducing the heat output by thesystem1. Although a user initially provides thebeverage precursor liquid2 in thereservoir11, theprecursor supply10 may include other components to provide liquid2 to thereservoir11, such as a plumbed water line, controllable valve, and liquid level sensor to automatically fill thereservoir11 to a desired level, a second water reservoir or other tank that is fluidly connected to the reservoir11 (e.g., such as a removable water tank found with some coffee making machines along with a pump and conduit to route water from the removable tank to the reservoir11), and other arrangements.
• Thebeverage making system1 also includes a carbon dioxide activatingfluid supply20 that provides a fluid to acartridge4 so as to activate acarbon dioxide source41 to release carbon dioxide gas. In this embodiment, thecarbon dioxide source41 is located in a portion of thecartridge4 and includes a charged adsorbent or molecular sieve, e.g., a zeolite material that has adsorbed some amount of carbon dioxide gas that is released in the presence of water, whether in vapor or liquid form. Of course, other carbon dioxide source materials may be used, such as charcoal or other molecular sieve materials, carbon nanotubes, metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, porous polymers, or source materials that generate carbon dioxide by chemical means, such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid (with the addition of water if the bicarbonate and acid are initially in dry form), or others. In addition, aspects of the invention are not necessarily limited to use with carbon dioxide gas, but may be used with any suitable gas, such as nitrogen, which is dissolved in some beers or other beverages, oxygen, air, and others. Thus, reference to “carbonation”, “carbon dioxide source” “carbon dioxide activating fluid supply”, etc., should not be interpreted as limiting aspects of the invention and/or any embodiments to use with carbon dioxide only. Instead, aspects of the invention may be used with any suitable gas. In one embodiment, the charged adsorbent is a zeolite such as analcime, chabazite, clinoptilolite, heulandite, natrolite, phillipsite, or stilbite. The zeolite may be naturally occurring or synthetic, and may be capable of holding up to about 20% carbon dioxide by weight or more. The zeolite material may be arranged in any suitable form, such as a solid block (e.g., in disc form), particles of spherical, cubic, irregular or other suitable shape, and others. An arrangement that allows the zeolite to flow or be flowable, e.g., spherical particles, may be useful for packaging the zeolite in individual cartridges. Such an arrangement may allow the zeolite to flow from a hopper into a cartridge container, for example, simplifying the manufacturing process. The surface area of the zeolite particles may also be arranged to help control the rate at which the zeolite releases carbon dioxide gas, since higher surface area measures typically increase the gas production rate. Generally, zeolite materials will release adsorbed carbon dioxide in the presence of water in liquid or vapor form, allowing the zeolite to be activated to release carbon dioxide gas by the addition of liquid water to the zeolite.
• The carbon dioxide activatingfluid supply20 in this embodiment includes a conduit that is fluidly coupled to thepump13 and avalve21 that can be controlled to open/close or otherwise control the flow ofprecursor liquid2 into thecartridge4. As can be seen, circulation of theliquid2 by thepump13 can allow the activatingfluid supply20 to divert some (e.g., a first portion) of theprecursor liquid2 to thecartridge chamber3 to cause the creation of carbon dioxide gas, e.g., by opening thevalve21. Other arrangements or additions are possible for the carbon dioxide activatingfluid supply20, such as a suitably sized orifice in the conduit leading from thepump13 outlet to thecartridge4, a pressure-reducing element in the conduit, a flow-restrictor in the conduit, a flow meter to indicate an amount and/or flow rate of liquid into thecartridge4, and so on. In addition theliquid source20 need not useprecursor liquid2 to activate thecarbon dioxide source41, but instead may use a dedicated source of fluid for activation. For example, the carbon dioxide activatingfluid supply20 may include a syringe, piston pump or other positive displacement device that can meter desired amounts of liquid (whether water, citric acid or other material) that are delivered to thecartridge4. In another embodiment, the activatingfluid supply20 may include a gravity fed liquid supply that has a controllable delivery rate, e.g., like the drip-type liquid supply systems used with intravenous lines for providing liquids to hospital patients, or may spray atomized water or other liquid to provide a water vapor or other gas phase activating fluid to thecartridge4. Moreover, althoughFIG. 1 suggests that the activatingfluid supply20 provides liquid to a top of thecartridge4, theliquid source20 may provide the fluid to a bottom of thecartridge4, e.g., to flood the bottom of the cartridge, or other suitable location. It is also conceivable that an activating liquid can be provided in the cartridge with thecarbon dioxide source42, e.g., in a chamber that is pierced to allow contact of the liquid with thesource42.
• In accordance with one embodiment, the cartridge4 (having one or more portions) may be located in acartridge chamber3 during carbon dioxide production. As a result, thecartridge4 may be made of a relatively flexible material or otherwise constructed so that thecartridge4 cannot withstand a relatively high pressure gradient between the interior and exterior of thecartridge4. That is, thecartridge chamber3 may contain any pressure generated by thecarbon dioxide source41 and support thecartridge4 as necessary. In this illustrative embodiment, thecartridge4 is contained in a closed and sealedchamber3 that has a space or gap surrounding all or most of thecartridge4. The pressure between the interior space of thecartridge4 and the exterior of thecartridge4 is allowed to equalize, e.g., by allowing some of the gas emitted by thecarbon dioxide source41 to “leak” into the space around thecartridge4, and so even if thecartridge4 is made of a relatively semi-rigid, flexible or weak material, thecartridge4 will not burst or collapse. In alternate arrangements, thecartridge4 may be made to fit a receiving space in thecartridge chamber3 so that thechamber3 supports thecartridge4 when pressure is built up inside thecartridge4. This support may be suitable to prevent thecartridge4 from bursting or otherwise preventing thecartridge4 from functioning as desired. In yet other embodiments, thecartridge4 may be made suitably robust (either in whole or in part) so as to withstand relatively high pressures (e.g., 1 atm or more) in the cartridge interior space. In such a case, thecartridge chamber3 need not function as much more than a physical support to hold thecartridge4 in place or otherwise establish a connection to the cartridge for gas output by thecartridge4 and/or liquid supply to thecartridge4. For example, thecartridge chamber3 in such an arrangement may simply include a connection port that serves to fluidly and physically couple thecartridge4 to thesystem1. Thus, in some embodiments, the cartridge may be mechanically robust enough to withstand pressures up to 90 psig, e.g., like a conventional carbonated soft drink can, and be fluidly coupled to thesystem1, but without receiving physical support from the system1 (e.g., the cartridge may be exposed and not enclosed by walls of a chamber) to prevent thecartridge4 from bursting during use.
• A carbondioxide gas supply30 may be arranged to provide carbon dioxide gas from thecartridge chamber3 to an area where the gas is used to carbonate theliquid2. Thegas supply30 may be arranged in any suitable way, and in this illustrative embodiment includes aconduit31 that is fluidly connected between thecartridge chamber3 and thereservoir11, and afilter32 that helps to remove materials that may contaminate theprecursor liquid2, such as particles from thecarbon dioxide source41. Thegas supply30 may include other components, such as pressure regulators, safety valves, control valves, a compressor or pump (e.g., to increase a pressure of the gas), an accumulator (e.g., to help maintain a relatively constant gas pressure and/or store gas), and so on. (The use of an accumulator or similar gas storage device may obviate the need to control the rate of gas output by a cartridge. Instead, the gas source may be permitted to emit gas in an uncontrolled manner, with the emitted gas being stored in an accumulator for later delivery and use in producing a sparkling beverage. Gas released from the accumulator could be released in a controlled manner, e.g., at a controlled pressure and/or flow rate.) In this embodiment, theconduit31 extends below the surface of theprecursor liquid2 in thereservoir11 so that the carbon dioxide gas is injected into theliquid2 for dissolution. Theconduit31 may include a sparging nozzle or other arrangement to aid in dissolution, e.g., by creating relatively small gas bubbles in theliquid2 to increase the dissolution rate. Alternately, theconduit31 may deliver the gas to a headspace (if present) in thereservoir11 rather than below the surface of theliquid2.
• Carbonation of theprecursor liquid2 may occur via one or more mechanisms or processes, and thus is not limited to one particular process. For example, while carbon dioxide gas delivered by theconduit31 to thereservoir11 may function to help dissolve carbon dioxide in theliquid2, other system components may further aid in the carbonation process. In this illustrative embodiment, theprecursor supply10 may assist in carbonating the liquid by circulating the liquid via thepump13 and thenozzle14. That is, liquid2 may be drawn from thereservoir13 via adip tube15 and sprayed by thenozzle14 into a carbon dioxide-filled headspace in thereservoir11. As is known in the art, this process can help the liquid2 to dissolve carbon dioxide gas, e.g., by increasing the surface area ofliquid2 exposed to gas. While in this embodiment thedip tube15 is separate from thereservoir11 and extends below the surface of theprecursor liquid2, thedip tube15 may be arranged in other ways, such as being made integrally with the wall of thereservoir11. If thedip tube15 is made integrally with thereservoir11, connecting thereservoir11 to thelid12 may establish a fluid connection between thedip tube15 and thepump13. Forming thedip tube15 integrally with thereservoir11 may allow thesystem1 to accommodate differently sized (and thus different volume)reservoirs11. In addition, this arrangement may help ensure that only suitably configured reservoirs11 (e.g., a container arranged to withstand system pressures) is used. Alternately, thedip tube15 could be made flexible or otherwise accommodatereservoirs11 having a different height. Whether integral with thereservoir11 or not, thedip tube15 may include a filter, strainer or other arrangement to help prevent small particles, such as ice chips, from being drawn into thepump13. In some embodiments, thereservoirs11 can function as a drinking glass as well as areservoir11 in thesystem1. That is, a user may provide a reservoir/drinking glass11 to the system1 (e.g., including a desired amount of water, ice and/or beverage medium), and after carbonation is complete, use the reservoir/drinking glass11 to enjoy the beverage. Thereservoir11 may be insulated, e.g., to help keep a beverage cold, as well as made to withstand suitable pressures experienced in use with thesystem1.
• The various components of thesystem1 may be controlled by acontroller5, which may include a programmed general purpose computer and/or other data processing device along with suitable software or other operating instructions, one or more memories (including non-transient storage media that may store software and/or other operating instructions), a power supply for thecontroller5 and/or other system components, temperature and liquid level sensors, pressure sensors, RFID interrogation devices, input/output interfaces (e.g., to display information to a user and/or receive input from a user), communication buses or other links, a display, switches, relays, triacs, motors, mechanical linkages and/or actuators, or other components necessary to perform desired input/output or other functions. In this illustrative embodiment, thecontroller5 controls the operation of thevalve21 of the activatingfluid supply20 as well as thepump13 of theprecursor liquid supply10. Also shown inFIG. 1 is asensor51, which may represent one or more sensors used by thecontroller5. For example, thesensor51 may include a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the precursor liquid in thereservoir11. This information may be used to control system operation, e.g., warmer precursor liquid temperatures may cause thecontroller5 to increase an amount of time allowed for carbon dioxide gas to be dissolved in theprecursor liquid2. In other arrangements, the temperature of theprecursor liquid2 may be used to determine whether thesystem1 will be operated to carbonate theliquid2 or not. For example, in some arrangements, the user may be required to add suitably cold liquid2 (and/or ice) to thereservoir11 before thesystem1 will operate. (As discussed above, relativelywarm precursor liquid2 temperatures may cause the liquid to be insufficiently carbonated in some conditions.) In another embodiment, thesensor51 may include a pressure sensor used to detect a pressure in thereservoir11. This information may be used to determine whether thereservoir11 is improperly sealed to thelid12 or another pressure leak is present, and/or to determine whether sufficient carbon dioxide gas is being produced by thecartridge4. For example, low detected pressure may cause thecontroller5 to allow more liquid to be delivered by the activatingfluid supply20 to thecartridge4, or prompt the user to check that thereservoir11 is properly engaged with thelid12. Likewise, high pressures may cause the flow of liquid from the activatingfluid supply20 to be slowed or stopped. Thus, thecontroller5 can control the gas pressure in thereservoir11 and/or other areas of thesystem1 by controlling an amount of liquid delivered to thecartridge4 and/or thecartridge chamber3. Thesensor51 may alternately, or additionally, detect that thereservoir11 is in place, and/or whether thereservoir11 is properly engaged with thelid12. For example, a switch may be closed when thereservoir11 is properly seated on a seal of thelid12, indicating proper engagement. In another arrangement, thereservoir11 may include an RFID tag or other electronic device that is capable of communicating its identity or other characteristics of thereservoir11 to thecontroller5. This information may be used to confirm whether thereservoir11 is suitable for use with thesystem1, to control certain operating conditions (e.g., an operating pressure may be limited based on the type of reservoir used, the precursor liquid may be carbonated to a level that corresponds to thereservoir11, and so on), and/or for other uses. Thesensor51 could also detect the presence of acartridge4 in thechamber3, e.g., via RFID tag, optical recognition, physical sensing, etc. If nocartridge4 is detected, or thecontroller5 detects that thecartridge4 is spent, thecontroller5 may prompt the user to insert a new ordifferent cartridge4. For example, in some embodiments, asingle cartridge4 may be used to carbonate multiple volumes ofprecursor liquid2. Thecontroller5 may keep track of the number of times that thecartridge4 has been used, and once a limit has been reached (e.g., 10 drinks), prompt the user to replace the cartridge. Other parameters may be detected by thesensor51, such as a carbonation level of the precursor liquid2 (which may be used to control the carbonation process), the presence of a suitable vessel to receive a beverage discharged from the system1 (e.g., to prevent beverage from being spilled), the presence of water or other precursor liquid2 in thereservoir11 or elsewhere in theprecursor supply10, a flow rate of liquid in thepump13 or associated conduit, the presence of a headspace in the reservoir11 (e.g., if no headspace is desired, a valve may be activated to discharge the headspace gas, or if only carbon dioxide is desired to be in the headspace, a snifting valve may be activated to discharge air in the headspace and replace the air with carbon dioxide), and so on.
• Thecontroller5 may also be arranged to allow a user to define a level of carbonation (i.e., amount of dissolved gas in the beverage, whether carbon dioxide or other). For example, thecontroller5 may include a touch screen display or other user interface that allows the user to define a desired carbonation level, such as by allowing the user to select a carbonation volume level of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or selecting one of a low, medium or high carbonation level. All cartridges used by thesystem1 may include sufficient gas source material to make the highest level of carbonation selectable, but thecontroller5 may control the system to dissolve an amount of gas in the beverage that is consistent with the selected level. For example, while all cartridges may be arranged for use in creating a “high” carbonation beverage, thecontroller5 may operate thesystem1 to use less of the available gas (or cause the gas source to emit less gas than possible) in carbonating the beverage. Carbonation levels may be controlled based on a detected carbonation level by asensor51, a detected pressure in the reservoir or elsewhere, an amount of gas output by thecartridge4, or other features. In another embodiment, thecartridge4 may include indicia readably by the controller, e.g., an RFID tag, barcode, alphanumeric string, etc., that indicates a carbonation level to be used for the beverage. After determining the carbonation level from thecartridge4, thecontroller5 may control thesystem1 accordingly. Thus, a user need not select the carbonation level by interacting with thesystem1, but rather a carbonation level may be automatically adjusted based on the beverage selected. In yet another embodiment, a user may be able to select agas source cartridge4 that matches a carbonation level the user desires. (Different carbonation levels may be provided in the different cartridges by having different amounts of gas source in thecartridge4.) For example, cartridges providing low, medium and high carbonation levels may be provided for selection by a user, and the user may pick the cartridge that matches the desired carbonation level, and provide the selected cartridge to thesystem1. Thus, a gas source cartridge labeled “low” may be chosen and used with the system to create a low level carbonated beverage.
• A user may alternately be permitted to define characteristics of a beverage to be made by interacting in some way with acartridge4 to be used by thesystem1. For example, tab, notch or other physical feature of the cartridge may be altered or formed by the user to signify a desired beverage characteristic. For example, a broken tab, slider indicator, a covered or uncovered perforation on a portion of the cartridge, etc., that is created by the user may indicate a desired carbonation level, an amount of beverage medium to use in forming the beverage (where thesystem1 is controllable to use less than all of the beverage medium in the cartridge to form a beverage), and so on. Features in thecartridge4 may also be employed by thecontroller5 detect features of the cartridge, a beverage being formed or other components of thesystem1. For example, light guides in acartridge4 may provide a light path to allow thecontroller5 to optically detect a level of beverage medium in thecartridge4, a flow of precursor liquid in thecartridge4, pressure in the cartridge (e.g., where deflection of a cartridge portion can be detected and indicates a pressure), a position of a piston, valve or other cartridge component, an absence of beverage medium in the cartridge (to signify completion of beverage formation), and so on. Other sensor features may be incorporated into the cartridge, such as electrical sensor contacts (e.g., to provide conductivity measurements representative of a carbonation level or other properties of a precursor liquid), an acoustic sensor (to detect gas emission, fluid flow, or other characteristics of the cartridge), and so on.
• To cause thebeverage making system1 to create a carbonated beverage, a user may first provide a desired amount ofprecursor liquid2 in thereservoir11, along with optional ice and/or a beverage medium. Alternately, the carbonated liquid may be flavored after carbonation is complete either by automated or manual means. Thereservoir11 is then engaged with thelid12, such as by engaging a screw thread on thereservoir11 with thelid12, activating a clamp mechanism, or other. Acartridge4 containing a carbon dioxide source41 (e.g., in solid form, such as a charged zeolite) may be placed in thecartridge chamber3 and thechamber3 closed. In other embodiments, thecartridge4 may be otherwise fluidly coupled to thesystem1, such as by engaging a threaded portion of thecartridge4 with a corresponding port of the system. Thecartridge chamber3 may operate in any suitable way, e.g., like that found in many cartridge-based coffee or other beverage machines. For example, a manual lever may be operated to lift a lid of thechamber3, exposing a cartridge receiver portion of thechamber3. With thecartridge4 in thechamber3, the lever may be again activated to close the lid, sealing thechamber3 closed. With thecartridge4 associated with thesystem1, thecontroller5 may then activate thesystem1 to deliver liquid to thechamber3, e.g., to cause carbon dioxide to be generated. Thecontroller5 may start operation in an automated way, e.g., based on detecting the presence of acartridge4 in thechamber3,liquid2 in thereservoir11 and closure of thechamber3. Alternately, thecontroller5 may start system operation in response to a user pressing a start button or otherwise providing input (e.g., by voice activation) to start beverage preparation. Thecontroller5 may start operation of thepump13, drawing liquid from thedip tube15 and discharging theliquid2 at thenozzle14. Thevalve21 may be opened to deliver a suitable portion of theprecursor liquid2 to thechamber3, and carbon dioxide gas created may be provided to thereservoir11 by thegas supply30. Operation may continue for a preset amount of time, or based on other conditions, such as a detected level of carbonation, a drop in gas production by thecartridge4, or other parameters. During operation, the amount of liquid provided to thechamber3 may be controlled to control gas output by thecartridge4. Control of the liquid provided to thecartridge4 may be made based on a timing sequence (e.g., thevalve21 may be opened for a period of time, followed by valve closure for a period, and so on), based on detected pressure (e.g., liquid supply may be stopped when the pressure in thechamber3 and/orreservoir11 exceeds a threshold, and resume when the pressure falls below the threshold or another value), based on a volume of activating liquid delivered to the chamber3 (e.g., a specific volume of liquid may be delivered to the cartridge4), or other arrangements. When complete, the user may remove the beverage andreservoir11 from thelid12.
• FIG. 1 shows only one illustrative embodiment of abeverage making system1, but other arrangements are possible, including systems that incorporate other aspects of the invention. For example, in one aspect of the invention, flavoring of a sparkling beverage may be done in an automated way, and may occur in a cartridge. This feature may make the beverage formation process easier and more convenient for a user, as well as help reduce the likelihood of cross contamination between beverages and/or the need to rinse a mixing chamber. That is, by mixing a beverage medium with the precursor liquid in a cartridge (which may be disposable), each beverage made by thesystem1 may effectively be made using its own mixing chamber. For example, if a carbonated cherry beverage is made using thesystem1, followed by lemon beverage, there may be a possibility that the cherry flavor left behind in a mixing chamber will carry over into the subsequent lemon beverage. Rinsing or other cleaning of a mixing chamber can help eliminate or reduce such flavor cross over, but mixing each beverage in a cartridge may eliminate the need to rinse a mixing chamber or other system components entirely. Mixing of the beverage medium with precursor liquid may occur in a dedicated mixing chamber of the cartridge(s), in a cartridge portion that holds a beverage medium, and/or in a cartridge portion that holds a gas source. However, it should be understood that a beverage medium may be mixed with a precursor liquid in other ways, such as by expelling the beverage medium from a cartridge directly into a user's cup or other container, or into a mixing chamber of the beverage making machine. Thus, the beverage medium could be mixed with sparkling water or other liquid directly in the user's cup.
• In another aspect of the invention, precursor liquid may be carbonated using a contactor (a type of carbonator or gas dissolving device) that includes a porous membrane (e.g., that is porous at least to gas) having a gas side and a liquid side. Precursor liquid on the liquid side of the carbonator may be exposed to gas on the gas side of the membrane, and since the membrane may be arranged to increase the surface area of the liquid exposed to gas, dissolution of carbon dioxide or other gas into the precursor liquid may be done more rapidly than using other techniques. In one embodiment, the carbonator may include a contactor with a hollow fiber arrangement in which hollow fibers made of a hydrophobic material, such as polypropylene, carry the precursor liquid. The fibers are porous, having holes that, combined with the hydrophobicity of the material, allow for contact of gas on the exterior of the fibers with the liquid while preventing the liquid from exiting the fiber interior. Membrane contactors suitable for such use are made by Membrana of Charlotte, N.C., USA.
• Of course, other “membrane” arrangements may be used, such as arrangements that prevent bulk flow of liquid across a barrier, but allow gas to pass through the barrier for dissolution in the liquid. For example, a membrane having a flat, spiral wound and/or a flat, interdigitated arrangement could be used instead of a hollow fiber arrangement. Also, in some arrangements the flow of gas through the contactor may be generally opposite that of the flow of liquid through the contactor, e.g., to help with gas exchange. However, other flow arrangements are possible.
• In yet another aspect of the invention, a cartridge chamber of a beverage making system may be arranged to hold first and second cartridge portions where the first cartridge portion contains a carbon dioxide source arranged to emit carbon dioxide gas for use in carbonating the precursor liquid, and the second cartridge portion contains a beverage medium arranged to be mixed with a liquid precursor to form a beverage. The cartridge chamber may have a single cartridge receiving portion for receiving both cartridge portions, or may include a plurality of cartridge receiving portions that are separate from each other, e.g., for receiving two or more cartridges that are each associated with a first or second cartridge portion. Such an arrangement may help simplify use of the system, particularly where the cartridge portions are arranged for only a single use, e.g., formation of a single volume of beverage and discarded thereafter. For example, a user may be enabled to place one or two cartridges that include the first and second cartridge portions in receiving portions of the cartridge chamber without the need for establishing pressure-tight, leak-proof or other connections needed for the system to operate properly. Instead, the cartridge portions may be simply placed in a receiver, and the cartridge chamber closed, making the system ready for beverage production.
• FIG. 2 shows another illustrative embodiment that incorporates the aspects of using a membrane contactor to carbonate the precursor liquid with a cartridge-provided gas, mixing a beverage medium with liquid in a cartridge, and the use of a cartridge chamber that receives first and second cartridge portions that respectively contain a gas source and beverage medium. This embodiment is similar to that inFIG. 1 in many ways, and may be modified to have one or more components like that inFIG. 1. However, certain alternate arrangements are shown inFIG. 2 to illustrate another few ways in which abeverage making system1 may be modified in accordance with aspects of the invention. In this embodiment, thereservoir11 is a closed tank having no removable lid.Precursor liquid2 may be provided to thereservoir11 in any suitable way, such as by a plumbed water connection (not shown), by the pump13 (or other pump) pumping liquid from a separate storage tank (not shown) into thereservoir11, by a gravity feed of liquid from a separate storage tank through a controllable valve (not shown), and others. Thereservoir11 may have any suitable volume, and is fluidly coupled to apump13 that can circulate theprecursor liquid2 through acontactor6 and back to thereservoir11 via anozzle14. (Such a circulation feature may help in dissolving gas in aprecursor liquid2 and may be used in anybeverage making system1 described herein or otherwise contemplated within the scope of this disclosure.) As discussed above, theprecursor liquid2 may pass through hollow fibers in thecontactor6 to pick up carbon dioxide or other gas around the fibers, but this arrangement could be reversed, with gas flowing in the fibers and theprecursor liquid2 located on the exterior of the fibers. Afilter16 may be provided to remove materials in theprecursor liquid2 that might clog the fibers, pores in the fibers or otherwise interfere with the operation of thecontactor6. Alternately, or in addition, thefilter16 may condition theliquid2, e.g., by softening, removing alkaline or other elements that tend to raise the pH of theliquid2, by removing elements that may prevent the formation of a good tasting beverage, and so on. For example, thefilter16 may include an activated charcoal and/or other components found in commonly used water filters. Thecontactor6 may be arranged to have a plurality of hollow fibers extending within a closed tube or other chamber so that the inner passages of the fibers fluidly connects a fluid inlet of thecontactor6 to a fluid outlet. The gas space around the fibers may communicate with thecarbon dioxide supply30 via one or more ports on the gas side of thecontactor6. It should be understood, however, that thecontactor6 may be arranged in other ways, such as having one or more membranes in the form of a flat sheet or other forms other than tubular to define a liquid side and a gas side of thecontactor6.
• The activatingfluid supply20 is arranged similarly to that inFIG. 1, with acontrollable valve21 fluidly coupled to an output of thepump13. However, in this embodiment, the activatingfluid supply20 introduces liquid near a bottom of thecartridge chamber3 and thecartridge4. This arrangement may help the activatingfluid supply20 to better control gas release from thecarbon dioxide source41. For example, dropping water onto thecarbon dioxide source41 from the top may allow the water to spread over a wide area, allowing charged zeolites or other source materials spread over a wide area to release gas. By providing liquid from below, the activatingfluid supply20 may flood thecartridge4 and/orchamber3, thereby allowing water to contactsource materials41 starting from the bottom up. This may allow for closer control of the volume ofsource materials41 that are activated to release gas. In the case that thecarbon dioxide source41 can wick or otherwise move water upwardly (such as by capillary action), portions of thesource41 may be separated from each other by non-wicking agents. For example, thesource41 may include a set of stacked discs of zeolite material that are separated by a non-wicking material, such as metal or solid plastic separators. This may allow thefluid supply20 to stepwise increase the fluid level in thecartridge4 over a period of time to sequentially activate individual discs.
• Gas produced by thecartridge4 is routed by the gas supply30 (via anoptional filter32 and conduit31) to the gas side of thecontactor6. Theconduit31 may include a water-buoyant check valve or other arrangement that allows gas to pass to thecontactor6, but prevents liquid from exiting thecartridge chamber3. For example, a floating ball in thecartridge chamber3 may normally leave an opening of theconduit31 free for gas flow, but may raise upwardly on the surface of liquid in thecartridge4 to close the opening, e.g., in case that the activatingfluid supply20 provides an excess of activating liquid. Thecontroller5 may monitor the gas pressure in thechamber3, in theconduit31 and/or in the gas side of thecontactor6 to control the activatingfluid supply20 and gas production. In one embodiment, the activatingfluid supply20 may be controlled to provide approximately 35-45 psi gas pressure at the gas side of thecontactor6. This pressure has been found to work at least adequately in carbonating about 400-500 ml of water at a temperature of about 0 degrees C. in about 30-60 seconds using a hollow fiber contactor, as described in more detail below in the Examples. As carbon dioxide in the contactor is dissolved into theprecursor liquid2, the pressure on the gas side will drop, prompting thecontroller5 to supplyadditional liquid2 to thecartridge4ato cause additional gas to be created. Similar to the system inFIG. 1, this process may be performed based on any criteria, such as the passage of a specific amount of time, the detection of a specified level of carbonation of theliquid2, exhaustion of thecarbon dioxide source41, a volume of liquid delivered to thecartridge4a, etc., so that a pressure of the carbon dioxide gas can be maintained within a desired range above ambient pressure.
• Once carbonation of theprecursor liquid2 is complete, thecontroller5 may direct the liquid2 to abeverage medium cartridge4bin thecartridge chamber3. While theprecursor liquid2 may be caused to flow from thereservoir11 in any suitable way (such as by gravity, a pump, etc.), in this embodiment, thecontroller5 activates anair pump7 which pressurizes thereservoir11 such that theprecursor liquid2 is forced to flow via a conduit to thecartridge chamber3 and thebeverage medium cartridge4b. In other embodiments, gas pressure created by thecarbon dioxide source41 may be used to pressurize thereservoir11 and drive the flow of the precursor liquid to thebeverage medium cartridge4b. For example, when carbonation is complete, gas from thecartridge4amay be routed directly into thereservoir11 instead of to thecontactor6 so as to pressurize thereservoir11. Although no valve is shown in the conduit that fluidly couples thereservoir11 and thecartridge4b, a controllable valve, pump or other suitable component may be added to control flow as desired. The use of air or other gas to move liquid2 through thecartridge4b(or to expel beverage medium from thecartridge4b) may allow thesystem1 to “blow down” thecartridge4bat or near the end of the beverage process, e.g., to remove any remaining material from thecartridge4b. This may be useful in making thecartridge4bless messy to handle (e.g., by reducing the likelihood that thecartridge4bwill drip when removed from thechamber3. A similar process may be used to blow down thecartridge4a, e.g., using an air pump or gas produced by thesource41.
• Flow of theprecursor liquid2 through thebeverage medium cartridge4bmay cause theliquid2 to mix with thebeverage medium42 before being discharged, e.g., to a waitingcup8 or other container. Thebeverage medium cartridge4bmay include any suitable beverage making materials (beverage medium), such as concentrated syrups, ground coffee or liquid coffee extract, tea leaves, dry herbal tea, powdered beverage concentrate, dried fruit extract or powder, natural and/or artificial flavors or colors, acids, aromas, viscosity modifiers, clouding agents, antioxidants, powdered or liquid concentrated bouillon or other soup, powdered or liquid medicinal materials (such as powdered vitamins, minerals, bioactive ingredients, drugs or other pharmaceuticals, nutriceuticals, etc.), powdered or liquid milk or other creamers, sweeteners, thickeners, and so on. (As used herein, “mixing” of a liquid with a beverage medium includes a variety of mechanisms, such as the dissolving of substances in the beverage medium in the liquid, the extraction of substances from the beverage medium, and/or the liquid otherwise receiving some material from the beverage medium.) Theliquid2 may be introduced into thecartridge4bin any suitable way, and/or thecartridge4bmay be arranged in any suitable way to aid in mixing of the liquid2 with thebeverage medium42. For example, theprecursor liquid2 may be introduced into thecartridge4bso as to cause a spiral or other flow pattern, thecartridge4bmay include a labyrinth or other tortuous flow path to cause turbulence in the flow to aid in mixing, and so on. One potential advantage of mixing theprecursor liquid2 in abeverage medium cartridge4bis that cross contamination of beverage medium that may occur with the use of a mixing chamber that is used to mix beverage medium and liquid2 for every beverage made by thesystem1 may be avoided. However, thesystem1 could be modified to employ a reused mixing chamber, e.g., a space wherebeverage medium42 that is provided from acartridge4bandprecursor liquid2 are mixed together in much the same way that fountain drinks are formed by commercial drink machines. For example, thebeverage medium42 could be driven from thecartridge4b(e.g., by air pressure, carbon dioxide gas pressure created by thecartridge4a, by gravity, by suction created by an adductor pump, venturi or other arrangement, etc.) into a mixing chamber or the user's cup where theprecursor liquid2 is also introduced. Rinsing of the mixing chamber may or may not be necessary, e.g., to help prevent cross contamination between beverages. In some arrangements, the entire volume ofbeverage medium42 may be discharged into the mixing chamber, causing initial amounts of flavoredprecursor liquid2 exiting the mixing chamber to have a high beverage medium concentration. However, as thebeverage medium42 is swept from the mixing chamber by theprecursor liquid2, the precursor liquid itself may effectively rinse the mixing chamber. In arrangements where thebeverage medium42 is a dry material, such as a powder, some precursor liquid may be introduced into the cartridge to pre-wet the medium42 or otherwise improve an ability to mix the medium42 withprecursor liquid2. The wettedmedium42 may be mixed withadditional precursor liquid2 in the cartridge, or the wettedmedium42 may be expelled from the cartridge, e.g., by air pressure, a plunger, etc., to a mixing chamber or other location for additional mixing withprecursor liquid2. Liquid2 may be introduced into a mixing chamber using multiple streams, e.g., to enhance a mixing rate using low flow speeds so as to reduce loss of dissolved gas.
• The embodiment ofFIG. 2 could be modified so that flow ofprecursor liquid2 exiting thecontactor6 is routed directly to thebeverage medium cartridge4bor to another mixing chamber wherebeverage medium42 is mixed with thecarbonated precursor liquid2, e.g., like that shown inFIG. 3. That is, in this illustrative embodiment,carbonated precursor liquid2 does not circulate from thereservoir11, through thecontactor6 and back to thereservoir11, but instead precursor liquid2 makes a single pass through thecontactor6 and then proceeds to mixing with thebeverage medium42 in amixing chamber9 and discharge to acup8. However, the arrangement ofFIG. 3 could also include a circulation circuit to allow liquid2 to be circulated from thereservoir11 or other tank, through thecontactor6, and back to thereservoir11 or other tank. The mixingchamber9 may take any suitable form, e.g., may cause theprecursor liquid2 andbeverage medium42 to move in a spiral, swirl or other fashion to enhance mixing, may have one or more motor driven blades, impellers or other elements to mix contents in thechamber9, and so on. While the mixingchamber9 may be separate from thecartridge4, the mixingchamber9 could be incorporated into acartridge4 if desired. The mixingchamber9 may be cooled as well, e.g., by a refrigeration system, to help cool the beverage provided to thecup8. Alternately, theprecursor liquid2 may be cooled in thereservoir11 and/or any other locations in thesystem1. In the case where thecarbonated liquid2 is not flavored or where theliquid2 is mixed with thebeverage medium42 before passing through thecarbonator6, the mixingchamber9 may be eliminated or arranged to mix theprecursor liquid2 andbeverage medium42 upstream of thecontactor6. Alternately, theprecursor liquid supply10 may be arranged to mix theprecursor liquid2 with thebeverage medium42 in thecartridge4bprior to routing theliquid2 to thecontactor6. In this embodiment, thebeverage medium42 may be delivered to the mixingchamber9 by any suitable means, such as air or other gas pressure (e.g., as supplied by an air pump, thegas source41 or other), by gravity feed (e.g., by the opening of a valve or door), by introducing all or part of theprecursor liquid2 used to make the beverage into thesecond cartridge4b, by compressing thecartridge4bto force the medium42 to flow to the mixingchamber9, and others. Thecontroller5 may detect the gas pressure on the gas side of thecontactor6, and control fluid supply to thecartridge4aaccordingly, e.g., to maintain a suitable gas pressure in thecontactor6. Thereservoir11 may be a water storage tank that is not pressurized in this embodiment, and may be removable from thesystem1, e.g., to make filling by a user easier. The user may add ice and/or beverage medium to theprecursor liquid2 in thereservoir11, if desired. Alternately, thereservoir11 and pump13 may be replaced by a plumbed connection to a pressurized water supply and an optional control valve and/or pressure reducer. Of course, as with other embodiments, thesystem1 may be suitably enclosed in a housing having a visible display, user input buttons, knobs, or touch screen, user-operated devices for opening/closing a cartridge chamber, and other features found in beverage making machines.
• Other arrangements for abeverage forming system1 are possible, such as that shown inFIG. 4. In this illustrative embodiment, thecartridge chamber3 is combined with thereservoir11 such that thecartridge4ahaving acarbon dioxide source41 is located in thereservoir11. Thecartridge4amay be placed in thereservoir11/cartridge chamber3 by removing thelid12 from thereservoir11. Liquid may be provided to thecartridge4aby any suitable activatingfluid supply20, such as an arrangement like that inFIG. 1, a syringe or piston pump that delivers a metered amount of liquid to thecartridge4a, and others. In this embodiment, thecarbon dioxide supply30 is combined with thereservoir11 such that a portion of the reservoir functions to deliver carbon dioxide gas to theprecursor liquid2. Thepump13 may aid the carbonation process by circulating theliquid2 and spraying theliquid2 into a carbon dioxide-filled headspace in thereservoir11. In another embodiment, acontactor6 may be provided in the reservoir11 (e.g., at the location of the nozzle14) so that the liquid2 flows through hollow fibers extending downwardly from thelid12 while carbon dioxide in the headspace is absorbed by the liquid while passing through the fibers. In yet another arrangement, the membrane portion of acontactor6 may be at least partially submerged in theprecursor liquid2, and gas from thesource41 may be passed through hollow fibers of thecontactor6. As a result, theliquid2 on the outside of the fibers may pick up carbon dioxide from the gas passing through the fibers. In such an arrangement, the fibers of thecontactor6 may be located in thereservoir11 or other tank as shown, or could be located in the user'scup8. In this way, liquid2 could be carbonated or otherwise have gas dissolved while in thecup8.
• While thecartridge chamber3 may be arranged in any suitable way,FIG. 5 shows one illustrative arrangement in which both a carbondioxide source cartridge4aand abeverage medium cartridge4bcan be received by thesame cartridge chamber3. In this embodiment, thecartridges4a,4b(which respectively have a portion that contains agas source41 and beverage medium42) are received in separate cartridge receivers33, and each cartridge receiver33 may include a piercingelement34 at a bottom of the cartridge receiver33. The piercingelement34, which may include a hollow needle, spike, blade, knife or other arrangement, may form an opening in therespective cartridge4. Alternately, thecartridges4 may have defined openings, e.g., one or more ports, that include a septum or other valve-type element that permits flow into and/or out of thecartridge4. Similarly, thelid12 may include piercingelement35 that form an opening in the top of therespective cartridge4, e.g., when thelid12 is closed. When closed, thelid12 may form a sealed chamber in which thecartridges4a,4bare located and isolated from each other. The openings formed in thecartridges4a,4bmay allow for communication with the interior space of thecartridges4a,4bas outlined inFIG. 5. For example, an opening at the top of thecartridge4amay allow carbon dioxide or other gas to exit thecartridge chamber3, while the opening at the bottom of thecartridge4amay allow for water or other activating fluid to enter thecartridge4a. Of course, the openings may be formed in other locations, such as an opening for allowing fluid input to occur at the top or side of the cartridge. Likewise, gas may exit the cartridge through a bottom, side or otherwise located opening. As mentioned above, gas may be permitted to leak from thecartridge4ainto the space in thecartridge chamber3 around thecartridge4a, e.g., through the opening in thecartridge4a, through a hole or other opening in the piercingelement35, etc. This may allow the pressure around the cartridge to equalize with the pressure inside the cartridge during gas production, helping to prevent bursting of thecartridge4a. Alternately, thecartridge4amay fit closely into the cartridge receiver33 so that thecartridge chamber3 can support thecartridge4a(if necessary). The opening in the top of thebeverage medium cartridge4bmay allow forprecursor liquid2 to be introduced into thecartridge4b(e.g., for mixing with the beverage medium), or for pressurized air or other gas to enter the cartridge (e.g., for forcing thebeverage medium42 from thecartridge4band into a mixing chamber or cup). The opening at the bottom of thecartridge4bmay allow for beverage to exit to a waiting cup or other container, or for the beverage medium to travel to a mixing chamber or cup. As with thecartridge4a, opening in thebeverage medium cartridge42 may be arranged in any suitable location or locations. Thecartridge chamber3 may open and close in any suitable way to allowcartridges4 to be placed in and/or removed from thechamber3. In theFIG. 5 embodiment, thelid12 is pivotally mounted to the receiver portion of thechamber3, and may be opened and closed manually, such as by a handle and linkage arrangement, or automatically, such as by a motor drive, to close the cartridge receivers33. In other embodiments, thelid12 may have two or more sections that are each associated with a respective cartridge receiver33. Thus, the lid sections can be moved independently of each other to open/close the cartridge receivers33. Of course, thelid12 may be arranged in other ways, such as being engaged with the receivers33 by a threaded connection (like a screw cap), by the receivers33 moving away and toward thelid12 while thelid12 remains stationary, by both the lid and receiver portion moving, and so on. In addition, acartridge chamber3 need not necessarily have a lid and receiver arrangement like that shown inFIG. 5, but instead may have any suitable member or members that cooperate to open/close and support a cartridge. For example, a pair of clamshell members may be movable relative to each other to allow receipt of a cartridge and physical support of the cartridge. Some other illustrative cartridge chamber arrangements are shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,142,063; 6,606,938; 6,644,173; and 7,165,488. As mentioned above, thecartridge chamber3 may allow a user to place one or more cartridges in thechamber3 without the need for the user to take special steps to establish a pressure-tight, leak-proof or other specialized connection between the cartridge and other portions of thesystem1. Instead, in some embodiments, the user may be able to simply place the cartridge in a receiving space, and close the cartridge chamber.
• Thecartridges4 used in various embodiments may be arranged in any suitable way, such as a relatively simple frustoconical cup-shaped container having a lid attached to the top of the container, e.g., like that in some beverage cartridges sold by Keurig, Incorporated of Reading, Mass. and shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,189, for example. In one embodiment, a cartridge having a frustoconical cup-shaped container and lid may have an approximate diameter of about 30-50 mm, a height of about 30-50 mm, an internal volume of about 30-60 ml, and a burst resistance of about 80 psi (i.e., a resistance to cartridge bursting in the presence of a pressure gradient of about 80 psi from the inside to outside of the cartridge in the absence of any physical support for the cartridge). However, as used herein, a “cartridge” may take any suitable form, such as a pod (e.g., opposed layers of filter paper encapsulating a material), capsule, sachet, package, or any other arrangement. The cartridge may have a defined shape, or may have no defined shape (as is the case with some sachets or other packages made entirely of flexible material. The cartridge may be impervious to air and/or liquid, or may allow water and/or air to pass into the cartridge. The cartridge may include a filter or other arrangement, e.g., in thebeverage medium cartridge4bto help prevent some portions of the beverage medium from being provided with the formed beverage, and/or in thegas cartridge4ato help prevent carbon dioxide source material from being introduced into the beverage or other system components.
• In one aspect of the invention, the cartridge or cartridges used to form a beverage using the beverage making system may have a volume that is less, and in some cases substantially less, than a beverage to be made using the cartridge(s). For example, if carbon dioxide andbeverage medium cartridges4 are used, the cartridges may each have a volume that is about 50 ml or less, and be used to form a beverage having a volume of about 200-500 ml or more. The inventors have found (as shown in some of the Examples below) that an amount of charged carbon dioxide adsorbent (e.g., a charged zeolite) of about 30 grams (which has a volume of less than 30 ml) can be used to produce about 400-500 ml of carbonated water having a carbonation level of up to about 3.5 volumes. Moreover, it is well known that beverage-making syrups or powders having a volume of less than about 50 ml, or less than about 100 ml, can be used to make a suitably flavored beverage having a volume of about 400-500 ml. Thus, relatively small volume cartridges (or a single cartridge in some arrangements) having a volume of about 100 ml to about 250 ml or less may be used to form a carbonated beverage having a volume of about 100 to 1000 ml, and a carbonation level of at least about 1.5 to 4 volumes in less than 120 seconds, e.g., about 60 seconds, and using pressures under 50 psi.
• While the carbon dioxide andbeverage medium cartridges4 can be provided separately, in one embodiment, thecartridges4 may be joined together, like that shown inFIG. 6. Thecartridges4a,4bmay be connected together by any suitable arrangement, such astabs43 that extend fromrespective cartridges4a,4band are attached together, e.g., by thermal welding, adhesive, interlocking mechanical fasteners such as snaps or clips, etc. This arrangement may allow thecartridges4a,4bto be made separately in the manufacturing setting, e.g., because the cartridges require very different processes for manufacturing. For example, thebeverage medium cartridge4bmay require a highly sterile environment, whereas thegas cartridges4aneed not be made in such an environment. In contrast, thegas cartridges4amay need to be manufactured in a water vapor-free environment, whereas thebeverage medium cartridge4bmay not be subject to such requirements. After manufacture of thecartridges4a,4b, the cartridges may be attached together in a way that prevents their separation without the use of tools (such as a scissor) and/or damage to one or both of the cartridges. Thecartridge chamber3 may be arranged to accommodate the attached cartridges, allowing a user to place a single item in thechamber3 to form a beverage. In addition, thecartridges4 and/or the way in which the cartridges are attached, together with the arrangement of thecartridge chamber3 may help ensure that thegas cartridge4aandbeverage medium cartridge4bare placed in the proper cartridge receiver33. For example, thecartridges4 may have different sizes, shapes or other configurations so that the combinedcartridges4 cannot be placed into thechamber3 in the wrong orientation. Alternately, thecontroller5 may detect that the cartridges have been improperly placed (e.g., by communicating with an RFID tag on one or both of the cartridges, by optically or otherwise identifying the cartridges, etc.), and prompt the user to make a change as necessary.
• FIGS. 7 and 8 show another embodiment in which a pair of cartridges are joined together in a way that helps prevent improper placement of the cartridges in a chamber and/or enables the cartridges to operate in other orientations. As shown inFIG. 7, thecartridges4aand4bare attached by aconnection43 such that with thecartridge4aarranged in an upright orientation with the container bottom44 facing downward and thelid45 covering the top of the container facing upward, thecartridge4bis on its side with thelid45 facing to the side.FIG. 8 shows a top view of the embodiment, with thelid45 of thecartridge4afacing the viewer and thelid45 of thecartridge4bfacing downwardly. This arrangement may be useful in embodiments where thecartridges4 are pierced only at the lid area, e.g., are not pierced in the bottom44 or other portions of the container. That is, thegas cartridge4amay be pierced at thelid45 to allow liquid to be introduced into thecartridge4a, and to allow gas to exit. In some embodiments, the inlet for introduction of activating fluid (liquid and/or gas) may be the same opening as the outlet for gas emitted by the gas source. For example, a single hole may be pierced in thelid45 through which water is introduced, and through which gas emitted by the gas source exits. Similarly, thelid45 of thecartridge4bmay be pierced to allow liquid to be introduced into thecartridge4bfor mixing with thebeverage medium42 and to allow a flavored beverage to exit thecartridge4b. Avoiding piercing of the container may be useful in arrangements where the container is made of a relatively thick and/or rigid material (e.g., to withstand operating pressures for the cartridge4).
• In another aspect of the invention, a single cartridge may be used to provide a carbonating gas as well as a beverage medium. In fact, in some embodiments, the precursor liquid can be both carbonated and flavored in the same cartridge. For example,FIG. 9 shows a cross sectional view of acartridge4 that includes both a gas source41 (e.g., a zeolite carbon dioxide source) and abeverage medium42. In this embodiment, thecartridge4 includes first and second chambers (or portions)46,47 that respectively contain thegas source41 and thebeverage medium42. The first and second chambers (or portions)46,47 may be separated from each other by a permeable element, such as a filter, or an impermeable element, such as a wall molded with the cartridge container. In this embodiment, the first and second chambers (or portions)46,47 are separated by afilter48 that is attached to thelid45, but could be arranged in other ways. Precursor liquid and/or an activating liquid may be introduced into thefirst chamber46 by a piercingelement35 or other arrangement, such as a port formed as part of thecartridge4. The interior space of thecartridge4 may be maintained under pressure, e.g., 30-150 psi above ambient or greater, so that dissolution of carbon dioxide gas released by thesource41 occurs more rapidly than would occur at lower pressures. In addition, thesystem1 arranged to use such cartridges may include a backpressure valve or other arrangement that helps to maintain a suitable pressure in thecartridge4, e.g., as an aid to carbonation. As mentioned above, acartridge chamber3 that holds thecartridge4 may be arranged to closely fit thecartridge4 as needed to support the cartridge and prevent the cartridge from bursting. Alternately, pressure in thecartridge4 may be allowed to leak into a space around thecartridge4 to equalize the pressures inside and outside of the cartridge, or the cartridge may be made to withstand operating pressures without physical or other support.Carbonated precursor liquid2 and/or a liquid/gas bubble mixture may pass through thefilter48 into thesecond chamber47 for mixing with thebeverage medium42. Thereafter, theprecursor liquid2 andbeverage medium42 mixture may exit thecartridge4, e.g., through a piercingelement34 at thecontainer bottom44. Dissolution of carbon dioxide into theprecursor liquid2, as well as mixing of thebeverage medium42 with theliquid2, may continue after the materials exit thecartridge4. For example, a mixing chamber may be located downstream of thecartridge4 to help more thoroughly mix the beverage medium and liquid if needed. Also, a conduit downstream of the cartridge may help continue dissolution of gas, e.g., by maintaining pressure in the liquid.
• WhileFIGS. 9 and 10 show an arrangement in which thegas source41 and thebeverage medium42 are separated by afilter48, in other arrangements thegas source41 andbeverage medium42 may be mixed together, e.g., so that aprecursor liquid2 is both mixed withbeverage medium42 and exposed to gas from thegas source41 at a same time. In some cases, gas that is not dissolved into theliquid2 may be routed to another location, such as acontactor6, for exposure to and dissolution into theliquid2 at an upstream or downstream location, e.g., to increase a level of dissolved gas. In one embodiment, particles ofgas source material41 may be coated with abeverage medium42.
• In the embodiments above, thecartridge4 has been described to have a defined bottom and top with the cartridge operating in an upright configuration. However, as suggested in connection withFIGS. 7 and 8, a cartridge may be operated in any suitable orientation. For example,FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which a cartridge configured like that inFIG. 9 is used while thecartridge4 is on its side. (Note that thecartridge4binFIGS. 7 and 8 may be used in a similar way to that shown inFIG. 10.) Precursor liquid may be introduced into the first chamber (or portion)46 (e.g., via the piercing element35), causing thegas source41 to emit gas and at least partially flooding thecartridge4 interior space. As with theFIG. 9 embodiment, the liquid may be carbonated and mix with thebeverage medium42 before exiting the cartridge, e.g., via the piercingelement34.
• As also mentioned above, asingle cartridge4 may be arranged to have first andsecond chambers46,47 that are isolated or separated from each other.FIG. 11 shows one such embodiment in which first and second chambers (or portions)46,47 are separated by awall49. A cartridge like that shown inFIG. 11 may be used, for example, in asystem1 like that shown inFIG. 2, although thecartridge chamber3 may need to be modified to accommodate thesingle cartridge4. As shown inFIG. 11, in one embodiment, activating liquid may be provided via a piercingelement35 at a top of the first chamber (or portion)46, and gas may exit via the same or a different opening. Alternately, activating liquid may be introduced via the piercingelement34 at the bottom of the first chamber (or portion)46, and gas may exit via the piercingelement35 at the top. In yet another embodiment, precursor liquid may be introduced at the top piercingelement35 and carbonated liquid may exit via thebottom piercing element34. The first chamber (or portion)46 may include a filter or other suitable components, e.g., to help prevent thegas source41 from exiting the chamber (or portion)46. Regarding the second chamber (or portion)47, air or other gas may be introduced via the piercingelement35 at a top of the second chamber (or portion)47, causingbeverage medium42 to be moved out of the piercingelement34 at the bottom of the second chamber (or portion)47, e.g., to a mixing chamber or user's cup. Alternately, precursor liquid may be introduced via the piercingelement35 at a top of thesecond chamber47, may mix with thebeverage medium42 and exit thecartridge4 out of the piercingelement34. As discussed above, the piercingelement34,35 arrangement in this illustrative embodiment should not be interpreted as limiting aspects of the invention in any way. That is, piercing elements need not be used, but instead flow into/out of thecartridge4 may occur through defined ports or other openings in thecartridge4. Also, flow ports or other openings in the cartridge need not necessarily be located at the top, bottom or other specific location.
• The cartridge(s) may be made of any suitable materials, and are not limited to the container and lid constructions shown herein. For example, the cartridge(s) may be made of, or otherwise include, materials that provide a barrier to moisture and/or gases, such as oxygen, water vapor, etc. In one embodiment, the cartridge(s) may be made of a polymer laminate, e.g., formed from a sheet including a layer of polystyrene or polypropylene and a layer of EVOH and/or other barrier material, such as a metallic foil. Moreover, the cartridge(s) materials and/or construction may vary according to the materials contained in the cartridge. For example, agas cartridge4amay require a robust moisture barrier, whereas abeverage medium cartridge4bmay not require such a high moisture resistance. Thus, the cartridges may be made of different materials and/or in different ways. In addition, the cartridge interior may be differently constructed according to a desired function. For example, abeverage medium cartridge4bmay include baffles or other structures that cause the liquid/beverage medium to follow a tortuous path so as to encourage mixing. Thegas cartridge4amay be arranged to hold thegas source41 in a particular location or other arrangement in the interior space, e.g., to help control wetting of thesource41 with activating liquid.
• A cartridge may also be arranged to provide a visual or other detectable indication regarding the cartridge's fitness for use in forming a beverage. For example, the cartridge may include a pop-up indicator, color indicator or other feature to show that the gas source has been at least partially activated. Upon viewing this indication, a user may determine that the cartridge is not fit for use in a beverage making machine. In another embodiment, an RFID tag may be associated with a sensor that detects gas source activation (e.g., via pressure increase), beverage medium spoilage (e.g., via temperature increase), or other characteristic of the cartridge, which may be transmitted to a reader of a beverage making machine. The machine may display the condition to a user and/or prevent activation of the machine to use the cartridge to form a beverage.
• In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge may include a gas source portion, a beverage medium portion and a mixing chamber portion (also referred to as first, second and third portions, respectively) that are separated from each other. Thus, as discussed above, a cartridge may include a mixing chamber that is separate from a portion that is used to hold a beverage medium prior to use of the cartridge. The first portion may contain a gas source for emitting a gas to be dissolved in a beverage precursor liquid, the second portion may contain a beverage medium for use in mixing with a beverage precursor liquid to form a beverage, and the third portion may be arranged to receive beverage medium from the second portion and receive precursor liquid to mix the precursor liquid with the beverage medium. The precursor liquid may enter the third portion with the beverage medium and/or enter the third portion via a separate flow path. Thus, the cartridge may be capable of mixing a precursor liquid (e.g., whether carbonated or not) with beverage medium and outputting a mixed beverage (e.g., for later carbonation). This may help avoid the need to clean a mixing chamber, e.g., because the cartridge may be made disposable so that each beverage is made using its own mixing chamber.FIGS. 12,13 and14 show a cross sectional view of acartridge4 having first, second and third portions prior to configuration ready to make a beverage, a cross sectional view of thecartridge4 after being configured to make a beverage, and an exploded perspective view of the cartridge, respectively. In this embodiment, thecartridge4 includes afirst portion46 that partially surrounds asecond portion47 and athird portion62, e.g., thefirst portion46 has parts positioned around the second andthird portions47,62 in at least one plane. Also, thethird portion62 partially surrounds thesecond portion47. However, this concentric arrangement of the first, second andthird portions46,47,62 is not required, as these portions may be arranged in any suitable way with respect to each other. A top end of the first, second andthird portions46,47,62 is sealed closed by alid45, e.g., a foil laminate that is part of the cartridge container. (In one embodiment, thelid45 may include two or more separate portions, such as a first part that covers thesecond portion47 after beverage medium is placed, and a second part that covers the first portion46 (and possibly thesecond portion47 as well) after thegas source41 is placed. This may make filling of the first andsecond portions46,47 easier during manufacturing.) As a result, thefirst portion46 may be isolated from an external environment, e.g., to help resist contact of thegas source41 with moisture or other materials. By virtue of a closure at thebeverage medium outlet47bof the second portion, e.g., a burstable or frangible membrane, septum, etc., thesecond portion47 is likewise isolated from an exterior environment, so as to help prevent spoilage of thebeverage medium42, as necessary. While a top region of thethird portion62 is closed by thelid45, a bottom region of thethird portion62 may be left open, or may be covered by another element, such as a second lid or other cover.
• This embodiment incorporates another aspect of the invention, i.e., that a cartridge may include a movable part arranged to move so as to configure the cartridge useable for making a beverage. For example, the movable part may move relative to the cartridge container to open the gas source portion and/or the beverage medium portion, e.g., as shown inFIG. 13. In the illustrative embodiment ofFIG. 12, themovable part61 includes a plurality of piercingelements34,35 arranged to form one or more openings in thelid45, although other arrangements are possible. For example, amovable part61 may move to open a valve so as to open an inlet or outlet of thecartridge4, to break off a tab or other frangible element to open an inlet or outlet, couple a pair of conduits together, and so on. In this embodiment, themovable part61 includes a piercingelement35 to form anactivator inlet46ainto thefirst portion46, e.g., to allow the introduction of fluid (liquid water or water vapor) to activate thegas source41. Themovable part61 also includes a piercingelement34 to form agas outlet46binto thefirst portion46, allowing for gas emitted by thegas source41 to exit thecartridge4, e.g., for dissolving into a precursor liquid and forming of a beverage. It is also possible that a single piercingelement34/35 may function to form theinlet46aand theoutlet46b, e.g., where a same hole in thelid45 serves to admit activating fluid and emit gas. A piercingelement35 is also included to form a precursorliquid inlet47ainto thesecond portion47 to allow the introduction of precursor liquid (whether having a substantial amount of dissolved gas or not) for mixing with thebeverage medium42 and helping to move thebeverage medium42 from thesecond portion47 and into thethird portion62. Precursor liquid may also be introduced into thethird portion62 by one or more piercingelements35 for mixing with thebeverage medium42. Thus, in accordance with an aspect of the invention, thecartridge4 may be arranged to direct a portion of precursor liquid used to make a beverage through a beverage medium portion, and bypass or otherwise direct a remaining portion of the precursor liquid into a mixing chamber portion of the cartridge. In one embodiment, approximately 10-40% of the precursor liquid used to form a beverage may be introduced into thesecond portion47 and about 60-90% of the precursor liquid may be introduced into thethird portion62. Of course, other relative amounts may be used, as suitable. Precursor liquid may be introduced into thethird portion62 to creating a swirling action, turbulence or other motion to help mix the precursor liquid and the beverage medium. The portion of precursor liquid introduced into thesecond portion47 may help wet thebeverage medium42, e.g., where thebeverage medium42 is a powdered material, which may help with mixing.
• In accordance with an aspect of the invention, thecartridge4 may include a lock element that prevents movement of a movable part, e.g., which is movable to configure the cartridge suitable to form a beverage, and the lock element may be releasable by a user. As shown inFIG. 12, the cartridge container or themovable part61 may include alock ring71 that prevents themovable part61 from moving relative to the container, e.g., to pierce thelid45. Thelock ring71 may be removable or otherwise releasable by a user, e.g., by pulling on a tab that causes thelock ring71 to separate from the container at a perforation or other line of weakness. The lock element may take other arrangements, such as one or more break-off fins or tabs, a removable plug, or other structure. In another arrangement, the lock element may be removed or otherwise released by the beverage making machine, e.g., after thecartridge4 is associated with the machine and a door closed. Another aspect of the invention incorporated into the cartridge ofFIG. 12 is that the gas source portion at least partially surrounds the beverage medium portion and/or the mixing chamber portion. This feature may help enlarge the volume of the gas source portion without unnecessarily enlarging the cartridge, e.g., to help the gas source portion store gas emitted by the gas source without experiencing large pressure changes that might be present in a smaller volume chamber. That is, a somewhat larger gas source chamber volume may provide the gas source chamber with an ability to store gas emitted by the gas source while smoothing pressure variations. Thus, the gas source portion may be arranged to function as a kind of accumulator that stores gas emitted by the gas source.
• While in this embodiment thecartridge4 includes amovable part61 with piercing elements, thecartridge4 need not include amovable part61 that moves to configure the cartridge for forming a beverage. Instead, thecartridge4 may be arranged without themovable part61, and a beverage machine that uses the cartridge may include a suitable set of piercing elements or other components arranged to interact with the cartridge to communicate with inlets and/or outlets of the cartridge as suitable.
• In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge may include an activation fluid inlet that directs an activation fluid to a bottom of the gas source portion. This arrangement may allow for improved control of gas release, e.g., because a gas source may be exposed to activation fluid from a bottom to a top. Thus, if the activation fluid is water, a lower part of the gas source portion may be flooded with water, causing a lower layer of the gas source to be activated. However, higher layers of gas source may remain unactivated because the activation water does not reach above a lower part of the gas source. To activate upper players of the gas source, more water may be provided to the gas source portion, raising the top level of the activation fluid in the gas source portion. Flooding of the gas source portion may be continued at a controlled rate, thereby controlling gas emission of the gas source. This arrangement may help avoid wetting a gas source from a top surface of the source, such as by sprinkling water on the top surface of a charge of zeolite material. This sprinkling may cause uncontrolled wetting, and thus activation, of the source, causing the gas source to emit gas in a less controlled way.
• FIGS. 15 and 16 show an exploded view and a cross sectional view, respectively, of an illustrative embodiment of acartridge4 that includes an activation fluid inlet that provides activation fluid to a bottom of the gas source portion. In this illustrative embodiment, thefirst portion46 includes agas source41 and anactivator inlet46awith a conduit that extends from near a top of thefirst portion46 to near a bottom of thefirst portion46. Thus, for example, a beverage making machine may pierce alid45 that seals thefirst portion46 and theactivator inlet46aclosed, and introduce water into theactivator inlet46a. The water may flow down the conduit of theinlet46aand into the bottom of thefirst portion46, wetting a lower layer of gas source and causing the gas source to emit gas. Of course, other activation fluids may be used, such as citric acid, water vapor, etc. Also, while in this embodiment theactivator inlet46aincludes a conduit that is molded into the sidewall of the container body, theactivator inlet46amay be arranged in other ways, such as by a conduit that extends from a bottom wall of thefirst portion46, a conduit that extends downwardly from a piercing element, and so on. Emitted gas may exit via another opening in the first portion46 (such as a molded port or pierced opening) or may exit via theactivator inlet46a(e.g., via small holes in theinlet46anear a top of the conduit that allow gas to pass but resist the passage of liquid water, or via a trap such as an “S” shaped conduit that resists liquid water flow).
• Other ways of controlling gas release may be used in a cartridge, such as encapsulatinggas source material41 in a structure that bursts, dissolves or otherwise degrades to expose the interior gas source to activating fluid. For example, capsules containinggas source41 may be arranged to dissolve at different rates, thereby releasing gas source material for activation in a time-release fashion. Other arrangements are possible as well, such as afirst portion46 that has multiple steps or platforms on whichgas source41 is located. As thefirst portion46 is flooded with water or other activator, thegas source46 at each step may be exposed one after the other, thereby causing a staged emission of gas.
• Another aspect of the invention incorporated into the embodiment ofFIGS. 15 and 16 is a spiral-shaped, helical, zig-zag or other tortuous flowpath channel that holds beverage medium and helps precursor liquid flowing in the spiral-shaped channel to mix with the beverage medium. For example, thecartridge4 includes a precursorliquid inlet47athat directs precursor liquid into an outer region of a spiral-shaped channel (in this case, via a downwardly extending conduit that extends from a top of thefirst portion46 to the second portion47).Beverage medium42 is arranged in the spiral-shaped channel to partially fill the depth of the channel so that precursor liquid may flow over and/or in the beverage medium. As the precursor liquid flows through the spiral-shaped channel, beverage medium may mix with the liquid, forming the beverage. The spiral-shaped channel may be arranged to provide for laminar flow, e.g., to help reduce loss of carbonation or other dissolved gases in the precursor liquid, if present. Alternately, the spiral shaped or other tortuous channel may be arranged to provide turbulent flow, potentially helping to mix the precursor liquid and beverage medium. Mixed beverage medium and precursor liquid exiting the cartridge near a center of the spiral shaped channel may pass directly into a user's cup or may enter a mixing chamber, whether part of the cartridge or the beverage making machine. Flow channel shapes other than spiral may be used, e.g., a helical, zig-zag, and/or serpentine pathway may be arranged to provide laminar or other flow characteristics. Thus, a cartridge second portion that contains beverage medium may include any suitable flow arrangements to help mix a precursor liquid with beverage medium.
• The embodiment ofFIGS. 15 and 16 also includes a feature that an outlet of thesecond portion47 may include a closure (e.g., a cap) that is arranged to be broken off, pierced, removed or otherwise opened by a user and/or by a beverage making machine.
• Thus, the outlet need not necessarily be opened by a presence of pressure in thesecond portion47. Also, the first andsecond portions46,47 in this embodiment are made of separate parts that are held together by asleeve75 that wraps around theportions46,47. Thesleeve75 may also function to seal the side of theprecursor inlet47a, and/or theactivator inlet46a. However, it should be understood that the first andsecond portions46,47 may be made as a single, unitary piece, and configured to eliminate any need for asleeve75.
• In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a beverage medium portion of a cartridge may include a wall that is movable to expel beverage medium from the beverage medium portion. For example, the beverage medium portion may be defined by a bather layer (e.g., a foil laminate) that is arranged to surround a beverage medium. The barrier layer may be flexible so that the second portion of the cartridge can be squeezed, pressed or otherwise have a force exerted on it so as to reduce the volume of the second portion to force the beverage medium from the second portion. For example, the barrier layer may form a pouch that contains beverage medium, and the pouch may be squeezed to force the beverage medium to exit, e.g., into a user's cup, a mixing chamber of the cartridge, or other location where the beverage medium is mixed with a liquid precursor. In another illustrative arrangement, the second portion may include a syringe-type arrangement where a plunger is moved in the second portion to force beverage medium from the second portion. Other arrangements are possible, as discussed more below.
• FIGS. 17-20 show a perspective view, an exploded view, a cross-sectional view during gas output and a cross-sectional view during beverage medium mixing of an illustrative embodiment having a movable element to expel beverage medium from the cartridge. In this embodiment, the cartridge container includes aplanar support72 that supports afirst portion46, located below thesupport72, and asecond portion47 located above thesupport72. Thefirst portion46 is formed integrally with thesupport72, e.g., is molded as a unitary part with thesupport72, but could be formed in other ways, such as by a separate part that is attached to thesupport72. Thefirst portion46 has a hemispherical shape with anactivator inlet46anear a bottom of thefirst portion46 and agas outlet46bon a top side of theplanar support72. (As with all embodiments described herein, relative terms “top”, “bottom”, etc., are used for ease of description and understanding, and should not be understood as limiting the cartridge arrangements, their orientation during use, or other features of the cartridge.) Thus, water or other activation fluid may be introduced near a bottom of thefirst portion46, e.g., to controllably flood thefirst portion46, with gas emitted by thegas source41 exiting via a port on thesupport72. Theactivator inlet46aandgas outlet46bmay be opened by a piercing element, physical action to remove a break off tab, removal of a peel off foil, etc.
• Thesecond portion47 in this embodiment includes a blister pouch that is formed by a layer of barrier material, such as a foil laminate. Thesecond portion47 may have any shape or size, but in this embodiment has a generally disc-like shape with a dome-like upper surface. A lower part of the blister pouch includes a layer of barrier material that covers a substantial part of the top surface of thesupport72, e.g., to seal thefirst portion46 closed as well as form a bottom of thesecond portion47, but may be arranged in other ways. The blister pouch overlies aspike73 on thesupport72 so that if the blister pouch is urged toward thesupport72, e.g., as shown inFIG. 20, thespike73 may pierce thesecond portion47, releasing the beverage medium. Accordingly, movement of a wall (e.g., an upper part of the blister pouch) of thesecond portion47 may cause beverage medium to exit thesecond portion47. Movement of the wall may be caused by a plunger of the beverage making machine pressing down on the second portion47 (as shown inFIG. 20), or in other ways. For example, gas pressure generated by thegas source41 may be routed to a suitable location (such as into thesecond portion47, a pneumatic bladder, or to the plunger of the beverage making machine) to force beverage medium from thesecond portion47.
• In accordance with another aspect of the invention, beverage medium exiting thesecond portion47 may be directed to a precursorliquid inlet47a, e.g., where carbonated water is introduced into the cartridge. In this embodiment, the cartridge includes four precursor inlet ports, though other numbers of ports may be used. Also, an upper surface of thesupport72 around thespike73 is arranged to provide flow paths for the beverage medium so as to direct the beverage medium to areas near theprecursor liquid inlets47a. For example,FIG. 21 shows a top view of a portion of thesupport72 that underlies thesecond portion47. In this embodiment, thesupport72 defines four flow paths for thebeverage medium42 to travel from near thespike73 to each of theprecursor liquid inlets47a. As a result, when thesecond portion47 is pierced by thespike73 and beverage medium is released, the beverage medium may flow outwardly to theinlets47a. (Flow ofbeverage medium42 may occur with both liquid and solid (e.g., powdered) beverage media.) Thus, beverage medium may be encouraged to dissolve more rapidly and/or completely, e.g., because the beverage medium may be divided into relatively small portions to increase its surface area and contact with precursor liquid. It should be understood that other arrangements may be used to route beverage medium movement to a precursorliquid inlet47a. For example, fourspikes73 may be provided on thesupport72, with onespike73 located near arespective inlet47a. Thus, thesecond portion47 may be pierced in locations adjacent eachinlet47a, causing beverage medium to be released from thesecond portion47 directly into theinlets47a. In another embodiment, thespikes73 may each include a flow channel (e.g., include a hollow piercing needle) so thatbeverage medium42 is caused to flow through thespike73 to a desired location adjacent aninlet47a. Other configurations will occur to those of skill in the art.
• One feature of the arrangement shown inFIG. 21 is that beverage medium may be introduced to precursor liquid in a direction transverse to the flow of the precursor liquid, which may help break the flow of beverage medium up into smaller particles and increase a dissolution rate. For example,beverage medium42 introduced at each of theinlets47amay flow generally perpendicularly to the flow of precursor liquid into theinlets47a. Alternately, beverage medium may be directed into a flow of precursor liquid in a coaxial fashion, e.g., a central flow of beverage medium may be surrounded by a coaxial flow of precursor liquid. For example,FIG. 22 shows an illustrative embodiment in which thesupport72 includes flow channels to directprecursor liquid2 to multiple locations wherebeverage medium42 is released from the second portion27, e.g., bymultiple spikes73 on thesupport72. The regions where theprecursor liquid2 andbeverage medium42 meet may be configured so that the liquid2 generally surrounds thebeverage medium42, e.g., in a coaxial flow. The flow rates of the respective flows may be adjusted to help enhance mixing or other characteristics of beverage production, such as foam production, air entrainment, and so on. For example, faster flowingprecursor liquid2 may help to draw and thin thebeverage medium42 flow, thereby helping to increase the surface area of the beverage medium exposed to the liquid. A mixing chamber may be arranged to help enhance this effect, e.g., by providing progressively elongated flow. In addition to potentially aiding mixing, providing a coaxial flow of precursor liquid and beverage medium may also help prevent contact of the beverage medium (which may be relatively more viscous) with a wall of a mixing chamber or other conduit, helping to reduce the chance of the beverage medium sticking to the wall. In fact, less viscous material (precursor liquid) may be directed to the walls of a mixing chamber or other conduit with more viscous material (beverage medium) located away from the walls. In addition, or alternately, a less viscous material may be introduced into a mixing chamber to wet the walls of the mixing chamber prior to introduction of beverage medium, e.g., to help prevent sticking of beverage medium to the chamber wall.
• The embodiment ofFIGS. 17-20 also includes athird portion62, located below thesecond portion47 and thesupport72. Precursor liquid introduced via the precursorliquid inlet47aandbeverage medium42 forced from thesecond portion47 may enter into thethird portion62, e.g., for thorough mixing, foam production, or other processing to create a beverage. In this embodiment, thethird portion62 includes a funnel shape, e.g., to induce a swirling motion of the precursor liquid and beverage medium to help with mixing, but could be arranged in other ways. For example, thethird portion62 may include an eductor (e.g., to entrain air, liquid or other materials in a beverage), a jet (e.g., to increase the speed of beverage medium flow and/or contact with surrounding air), a flow straightener (e.g., to help output the beverage from the cartridge in a predictable and desired way), and others. Like thefirst portion46, thethird portion62 may be formed unitarily with thesupport72 or may be made as a separate component and joined to thesupport72. Of course, thethird portion62 is not required for the cartridge, e.g., where a beverage making machine that uses thecartridge4 includes a mixing chamber or other feature.
• WhileFIGS. 17-20 show an arrangement in which the first andsecond portions46,47 are offset from each other, other configurations are possible. For example,FIG. 23 shows a cross sectional view of a cartridge similar to that inFIGS. 17-20, but with thefirst chamber46 located directly below thesecond portion47. In addition, thefirst portion46 may be arranged around a portion of athird chamber62, e.g., to help make the cartridge more compact. Thus, the cartridge inFIG. 23 may incorporate aspects of the invention regarding having asecond portion47 above a plane and afirst portion46 below the plane, as well as having thefirst portion46 surround a part of thethird portion62. As with the cartridge ofFIGS. 17-20, the cartridge inFIG. 23 may include a sidewall that extends around the periphery of thecartridge4, e.g., to make thecartridge4 easier to handle by a user, to help protect portions of thecartridge4 from damage, and/or help orient thecartridge4 properly when associated with a beverage making machine. The arrangements ofFIGS. 17-23 may include other physical features, such as features that help ensure proper orientation and placement of thecartridge4 when associated with a beverage making machine. For example, the cartridge ofFIGS. 17-23 may include a vertical sidewall that extends around thesupport72, e.g., forming a wall around theother cartridge4 portions. The configuration may help protect cartridge components from damage (e.g., accidental piercing of the second portion47), help make handling of the cartridge easier (e.g., allow the cartridge to be placed on a table without rolling), and/or help properly orient the cartridge with respect to a beverage machine.
• In another aspect of the invention, a second portion of a cartridge may include two or more sub-portions that each hold a corresponding volume ofbeverage medium42. The cartridge may operate so that a controllable number of the sub-portions is caused to deliver its corresponding charge of beverage medium, e.g., to allow for different amounts of beverage medium to be used in making a beverage, to provide for staged release of different beverage media (e.g., flavoring beverage medium may be released prior to a foaming medium so that the resulting beverage has a foam provided on the top of the beverage), to accommodate the separation of incompatible components (e.g., components that do not mix well with each other or react together in an undesirable way prior to beverage formation), or others. For example, thesecond portion47 in theFIG. 23 embodiment may include two or more pouches formed inside of thesecond chamber47, e.g., that are separated from each other by a frangible impermeable membrane. Thus, a plunger of the beverage making machine may depress thesecond portion47 a corresponding amount to cause delivery of a suitable number of the sub-portions. For example, the sub-portions may be stacked and separated by respective membranes like layers of a cake. Initial depression of thesecond portion47 may cause a lowermost sub-portion to open and deliver its contents. Further depression by the plunger may cause a next sub-portion to open and deliver its contents and so on. In this way, any desired number of sub-portions may be deployed, or not, as optionally set by a user of the machine itself. By having separated sub-portions, less than all of the beverage medium in a cartridge may be used to form a beverage while minimizing leakage of the unused beverage medium when the cartridge is removed from the beverage making machine.
• In another aspect of the invention, a first portion of a cartridge may move relative to a second portion to force beverage medium to exit from the second portion. For example,FIGS. 24-27 show an exploded view, a perspective view, a cross-sectional view with a beverage medium in a second portion, and a cross-sectional view with beverage medium expelled from the second portion of a cartridge, respectively, in which a first portion may act as a plunger to drive beverage medium from a second portion of the cartridge. Thefirst portion46 may be defined at least in part by a first chamber wall, e.g., a cup-shaped element that is received into thesecond portion47. The second portion may be defined at least in part by a second chamber wall that defines a second space, e.g., where beverage medium is located. The first chamber wall of thefirst portion46 may be received into the second space and be movable relative to the second chamber wall to expel beverage medium from the second portion of the cartridge. For example,FIGS. 26 and 27 show how thefirst portion46 may be moved downwardly relative to thesecond portion47 so that the first portion is further received into the second portion to force beverage medium from the second portion. In essence, thefirst portion46 may function as a plunger in the second space of thesecond portion47 to forcebeverage medium42 to the outlet of the second portion. Movement of thefirst portion46 relative to thesecond portion47 may be caused in any way, such as by a beverage making machine including a motor drive that moves thefirst portion46, introducing gas pressure (e.g., created by the gas source41) into a bladder that expands to cause movement of thefirst portion46, moving thesecond portion47 upwardly relative to the first portion46 (which may remain stationary relative to the machine), and so on. Also, thecartridge4 may include a lock element that prevents relative movement of the first andsecond portions46,47 until released by a user and/or a beverage making machine. Thesecond portion47 may include an outlet closure at thebeverage medium outlet47bthat opens in response to increased pressure in thesecond portion47, in response to piercing, mechanical fracture, etc. Thus theoutlet47bof thesecond portion47 may open in any suitable way to allow forbeverage medium42 to exit thesecond portion47.
• Another aspect of the invention incorporated into this embodiment is that a mixing chamber portion of the cartridge (a third portion) may partially surround the first andsecond portions46,47. Such an arrangement may help to make thecartridge4 more compact, as well as provide a larger space in which precursor liquid and beverage medium can move to help with mixing. In addition, when coupled with an arrangement in which the first portion is received in the second portion, the overall size of the cartridge may be reduced, particularly after use of the cartridge. It is also possible to make the third portion reusable, e.g., a user could remove and clean the third portion as needed, and replace the first and second portions for each new beverage to be made. This feature may help reduce waste, yet provide the user with the ability to replace a third portion used with the cartridge only as needed. In this embodiment, thethird portion62 is arranged with vanes, fins or other features to help induce movement of precursor liquid and beverage medium, e.g., to help with mixing. However, other arrangements are possible. (As with any features described herein, the use of vanes, fins or other features to help induce mixing may be used with any suitable cartridge configuration.) Moreover, different arrangements for thethird portion62 may be provided for different beverages. For example, highly carbonated beverages made with readily dissolvable beverage media may have the third portion arranged to induce little movement, e.g., to help reduce loss of carbonation due to turbulent motion of the liquid. However, with other beverages, such as hot chocolate, more turbulent motion may be induced in the third chamber to help with mixing, and with no concern for loss of carbonation (since the beverage is not carbonated). Thus, a beverage making machine may be configured to make a wide variety of hot, cold, carbonated, still and other beverages by, at least in part, providing different cartridge arrangements.
• Close proximity of thegas source41 and thebeverage medium42 in acartridge4 may provide thecartridge4 with the ability to control or use heat generated by thegas source41. For example, heat emitted by a zeolite gas source material during gas release may be absorbed by abeverage medium42. In the case where thebeverage medium42 is a relative viscous liquid at lower temperatures, heating of thebeverage medium42 by thegas source41 may reduce the viscosity of the beverage medium and enhance its dissolution into precursor liquid. In addition, or alternately, receipt of heat by thebeverage medium42 or other portion of thecartridge4 from thegas source41 may help prevent or otherwise resist excessive heat buildup in thecartridge4. This may help reduce the risk of heat damage to the cartridge and/or help thegas source41 emit gas more efficiently, e.g., where high heat levels may inhibit gas release.
• In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge may be arranged to have a gas outlet and a beverage medium outlet on a same side of the cartridge container. In some embodiments, the cartridge may further have an activator inlet through which fluid is provided to activate a gas source and/or a precursor liquid inlet through which precursor liquid is introduced into the container for mixing with the beverage medium on a same side of the container as the gas outlet and the beverage medium outlet. Such an arrangement may make for a conveniently handled and used cartridge. For example, by providing inlet(s) and outlet(s) on a same side of the cartridge, an interface between the beverage making machine and the cartridge may be simplified. For example, in some cases, a cartridge may be simply plugged into or otherwise associated with the beverage making machine in a simple way with needed connections made in one local area on a single side of the cartridge.
• FIGS. 28-30 show an illustrative embodiment of a cartridge that includes a gas outlet, beverage medium outlet, activator inlet and precursor liquid inlet all located on a same side of the container. While a cartridge having these features may be arranged in other ways, in this embodiment, first andsecond portions46,47 of the cartridge container are formed by a pair of layers ofbarrier material79, e.g., a foil laminate, that are joined together to form a pair of pouches for the first andsecond portions46,47. Of course, the container could be arranged otherwise, e.g., by a molded plastic body that defines the first andsecond portions46,47 with a shape like that shown inFIG. 28. The layers ofbarrier material79 are bonded together to form the first andsecond portions46,47, and are also joined to aninsert74 that defines, at least in part, thegas outlet46b,activator inlet46a, precursorliquid inlet47aandbeverage medium outlet47b. Theinsert74 in this embodiment includes a pair of molded plastic parts arranged to not only define the inlets/outlets, but also to enhance bonding of the barrier layers to theinsert74. For example, an inner part of theinsert74 may be bonded to thebarrier material79, allowing thecartridge4 to be provided withgas source41 andbeverage medium42, and then the outer part of the insert47 (which may define the inlet/outlet interfaces to the beverage making machine) to be engaged, closing the first andsecond portions46,47. However, other arrangements are possible, such as one in which theinsert74 is eliminated and the layers ofbarrier material79 are pierced to form the inlets/outlets as needed, or asingle piece insert74. In this embodiment, theinsert74 is arranged to close the inlets/outlets, e.g., by a foil lid, and require piercing at each of the inlets/outlets to open the inlets/outlets. Alternately, one or more of the inlets/outlets may include a closure that can be opened by breaking off a tab, peeling a foil cover from the inlet/outlet, exposing the inlet/outlet to a suitable pressure threshold to cause the closure to burst or otherwise open, and so on.
• By forming the first andsecond portions46,47 in a side-by-side arrangements like that inFIGS. 28-30, a surface area between the first andsecond portions46,47 may be reduced and/or have its moisture permeability reduced so as to reduce migration of moisture from thebeverage medium42 in thesecond portion47 into thefirst portion46. That is, if the beverage medium includes moisture (such as with some concentrated syrups), water may migrate from thebeverage medium42 and into thefirst portion46, which may cause partial activation of a gas source41 (if thegas source41 is activatable by water). This may cause problems where a wall or other element separating thebeverage medium42 from thegas source41 is relatively permeable. However, a side-by-side arrangement like that inFIGS. 28-30 may allow for adjustment of the width of the barrier layer seal between theportions46,47, thereby controlling the permeability of the joint. Other arrangements may be used to reduce moisture migration between the first andsecond portions46,47 (or other cartridge portions), such as through a choice of materials, relative positions of the first andsecond portions46,47 (e.g., moisture is very unlikely to travel from thebeverage medium42 to the gas source in the embodiments ofFIGS. 12 and 17, for example, because of the physical separation of the portions), and so on.
• Another aspect of the invention incorporated into this embodiment is that thegas outlet46bincludes aconduit46dthat extends from the gas outlet, through the gas source part of the first portion (i.e., where thegas source41 is located), through afilter46c, and into the gas outlet part of the first portion. While in this embodiment theconduit46dis formed by a tube, theconduit46dcould be formed by the barrier layers themselves, e.g., by joining the barrier layers in a way to form aconduit46d. In accordance with another aspect of the invention and as can be seen inFIGS. 28-30, the barrier layers are joined together in a pattern to form afilter46cthat helps to keepgas source materials41 in a gas source part of the first portion and permits primarily gas to pass through thefilter46cto a gas outlet part of the first portion where the gas can enter theconduit46dand pass to thegas outlet46b. While the pattern in which the barrier layers79 may be joined together to form thefilter46ccan vary, in this embodiment, the barrier layers are joined at locations having a circular (or other suitable) shape that are separated from each other by a suitable distance and configuration to help preventgas source materials41 from passing between the joined areas. Other arrangements are possible for thefilter46chowever, such as a piece of filter paper, a hydrophobic non-woven material that permits gas to pass, but resists liquid passage, or other element that permits gas to move toward theconduit46d, but resists movement of gas source material and/or liquid. In addition or alternately to thefilter46c, theconduit46dmay include a filter element, such as a filter plug in theconduit46d, to help further resist movement ofgas source materials41 from thegas outlet46b. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a conduit of thegas outlet46bmay extend from a bottom of thefirst portion46 to a top of thefirst portion46 without the presence of afilter46c. Instead, gravity may be relied on to maintain gas source material41 from traveling toward a top of thefirst portion46 and entering theconduit46d. Alternately, a filter in theconduit46d(such as a plug mentioned above) may function to resist entry of gas source material into theconduit46d. Thus, the distal end of the conduit at the upper end of thefirst portion46 may receive emitted gas and conduct the gas to thegas outlet46b.
• The way in which the barrier layers79 are joined together to form thefirst chamber46, e.g., including thefilter46c, may help to hold thegas source material41 in a fixed bed arrangement. That is, thegas source41 may be held relatively firmly, so that thegas source41 does not freely move in thefirst portion46. This may help with controlled wetting of thegas source41, since the distribution of the gas source in thefirst portion46 may be known, and the interaction of activating fluid with the gas source predictable and repeatable. Thegas source41 may be arranged to allow for free movement of gas through the fixed bed of materials, e.g., by sizing and shaping particles of gas source material so as to prevent extremely close packing. In another embodiment, rather than have the cartridge arranged to exert a force on thegas source41 so as to form a fixed bed of material, an external force may be exerted on thefirst portion46 to provide a fixed bed of material. For example, the air bladder arrangement discussed above may be used to squeeze thegas source41 in thefirst portion46, thereby preventing flowing of thegas source41 in thefirst portion46. In other cartridge embodiments, such as that inFIG. 24, for example, thefirst portion46 may include a component, such as a resilient sponge material or a permeable membrane that is positioned at the top of thegas source41 and is attached to the wall of thefirst portion46, to help keep thegas source41 in a fixed bed arrangement.
• Another aspect of the invention incorporated into this embodiment is that the precursorliquid inlet47amay include a conduit extending into thesecond portion47 that is arranged to introduce precursor liquid into the second portion at multiple locations along the conduit. Such an arrangement, e.g., as can be seen inFIG. 30, may help to better distribute the liquid in the second portion and mix the precursor liquid with the beverage medium which exits thesecond portion47 via thebeverage medium outlet47b. Features may be provided to help prevent entry ofbeverage medium42 into the conduit and its perforations or other openings, e.g., to help ensure even and predictable flow of precursor liquid into thesecond portion47. For example, a perforated conduit may be sheathed in a frangible cover that separates the conduit from thebeverage medium42 prior to use, but breaks, dissolves or otherwise opens to permit entry of precursor liquid into thesecond portion47. In another embodiment, the conduit may include a plug, filter or other component to help prevent ingress of beverage medium into the conduit and/or its perforations. As with the gas outlet conduit, the precursor liquid inlet conduit could be formed by the barrier layers, e.g., which may be joined to form a flow path extending along the length of thesecond portion47, as well as to have multiple outlets along its length to help distribute fluid into thesecond portion47. Such outlets may be formed to be closed prior to cartridge use, but may burst or otherwise open with the introduction of precursor liquid into thesecond portion47. This arrangement may also provide the additional feature of allowing thesecond portion47 to be squeezed flat to expel beverage medium. In yet another embodiment, theprecursor inlet47amay include a trouser valve, e.g., a flat, relatively flexible tube, that may be folded or rolled in the second portion prior to use of the cartridge. With introduction of precursor liquid into theinlet47a, the trouser valve may unroll/unfold, allowing precursor liquid to enter thesecond portion47. However, the rolled/folded configuration of the valve prior to deployment may help prevent the ingress of beverage medium into the precursorliquid inlet47a.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to the arrangement that allows thesecond portion47 to be squeezed or otherwise manipulated by an external force to cause beverage medium to be expelled from thebeverage medium outlet47b. This feature may be used whether or not precursor liquid is introduced into thesecond portion47. For example, the cartridge may be modified to eliminate the precursorliquid inlet47a, and instead, thesecond portion47 may be squeezed to force thebeverage medium42 to exit via thebeverage medium outlet47b, e.g., for mixing with precursor liquid outside of thecartridge4. Alternately, thesecond portion47 may be squeezed after precursor liquid has been introduced into thesecond portion47, e.g., to help remove liquid from the second portion and reduce dripping of the cartridge when removed from the beverage making machine. In yet another arrangement, a cartridge holder of a beverage making machine may apply a force to the cartridge that tends to squeeze thesecond portion47 and expelbeverage medium42, but with a force or pressure that is less than a pressure of precursor liquid introduced into thesecond portion47. Thus, thesecond portion47 may expand to receiveprecursor liquid2, but whenprecursor liquid2 stops, the cartridge holder may squeeze thesecond portion47 to substantially evacuate its contents. The cartridge holder may apply the squeezing force in any of a variety of ways, such as by employing an air bladder to which a suitable air pressure is applied to squeeze the cartridge in the cartridge holder. The force of the air bladder or other component may vary during use of the cartridge, e.g., to help with mixing and/or expulsion of beverage medium from thesecond portion47. For example, a pressure applied to the bladder may be relatively high during an initial portion of the beverage making cycle to expel beverage medium from thesecond portion47 and reduce the volume of thesecond portion47. Thereafter, the pressure of the bladder may be released or otherwise reduced, allowing precursor liquid to be introduced into thesecond portion47, enlarging its volume. Again, the pressure of the bladder may be increased to expel mixed liquid and beverage medium from thesecond portion47, and reducing the volume of thesecond portion47. This cycling of the bladder pressure may be repeated to effect better mixing in thesecond portion47 and/or complete expulsion ofbeverage medium42. Again, an air bladder is not required to perform this function, as other arrangements, such as a motor driven wall, plunger, roller, etc., may be used. In short, the cartridge may be manipulated by an external force prior to, during or after introduction of precursor liquid to help with mixing, expulsion of beverage medium, and/or reducing dripping of the cartridge after use.
• As mentioned above, the system schematics shown inFIGS. 1-4 are only a few of the possible arrangements regarding abeverage making system1. For example,FIG. 31 shows another schematic diagram of abeverage making system1 that may use any of the cartridge arrangements discussed herein or an alternate cartridge arrangement. In this embodiment, areservoir11 is arranged to provideprecursor liquid2 to acontactor6 by gravity feed and/or gas pressure. Of course, other arrangements are possible for moving liquid from thereservoir11 to thecontactor6, such as the use of a pump. Also, although acontactor6 is shown in this illustrative embodiment and others discussed below, other carbonation or gas dissolving devices may be used instead, such as a carbonation tank. Thesystem1 ofFIG. 31 may operate as follows: valves V1 and V2 may be opened, allowing delivery ofliquid2 to thefirst portion46 of acartridge4 by gravity feed via thecontactor6. Theliquid2 may activate agas source41, which emits gas that is directed to thecontactor6. Some of the gas introduced into thecontactor6 may be dissolved inliquid2 in thecontactor6, while another portion of the gas may be directed to thereservoir11. Gas provided to thereservoir11 may increase a pressure in thereservoir11, forcing liquid2 to flow toward thecontactor6. Pressure in thereservoir11 may help to increase the overall carbonation level of the precursor liquid, e.g., by pre-carbonating the water as thereservoir11 acts as a carbonation tank. Increased acidity of the liquid2 in thereservoir11 may also help reduce scale build up and/or bacterial growth in the reservoir. The pressure in thereservoir11 may be controlled by controlling a valve V3 to control an amount of gas admitted into thereservoir11. In addition, the valve V2 may be controlled to control the amount ofliquid2 that enters thefirst portion46, thereby controlling activation of thegas source41. The valve V2 may be operated to pass liquid2 having a suitable amount of dissolved gas (e.g., carbonated liquid2) to thesecond portion47 of thecartridge4 for mixing withbeverage medium42. Another valve may be provided to vent gas from the gas dissolution device (e.g., contactor6) in this and other embodiments, if desired. An optional valve V4 may be opened to allow the formed beverage to flow to a waiting cup orother holder8, and an optional valve may be opened to vent gas pressure from the gas side of thecontactor6. By feeding gas emitted by thegas source41 to thereservoir11, the system may be flushed of liquid, e.g., by the gas pushing liquid out of thereservoir11, thecontactor6 and thesecond portion47 of thecartridge4. This may help prevent dripping of thecartridge4 when it is removed from thesystem1, and/or help prevent liquid from stagnating in thesystem1 between uses. A volume of liquid used to form the beverage may be controlled by a user, e.g., by providing a desired amount of liquid into thereservoir11, or by thesystem1 itself, such as by a fill level sensor that operates to fill thereservoir11 to a suitable level, by a flow meter that detects a volume of water delivered to thesecond portion47, and so on.
• FIG. 32 shows a schematic diagram of anotherbeverage making system1, which again, can be used with any suitable cartridge arrangement. In this embodiment, areservoir11 provides precursor liquid2 to acontactor6 under the control of a valve V4. Liquid2 may flow into thecontactor6 by gravity, pump, gas pressure, etc., although in this embodiment gravity is employed. Liquid provided to thegas source41 to activate thegas source41 is controlled by a valve V1, which may control flow based on any suitable characteristic, such as elapsed time, a sensed gas pressure, a detected volume in thecartridge4, etc. With suitable gas emitted by thegas source41 and routed to thecontactor6, the valve V4 may be opened to permit now carbonated liquid or other liquid having dissolved gas to flow into thesecond portion47 of thecartridge4 for mixing with thebeverage medium42. Again, the liquid need not be routed to thesecond portion47, but instead may be routed to a mixing chamber portion of the cartridge or other area where beverage medium is mixed with theliquid2. Alternately, theliquid2 may pass directly to thecup8 where the liquid is mixed with a beverage medium. A valve V3 may be opened to allow beverage to flow from thecartridge4 to thecup8. At a suitable timing, e.g., before, during or after beverage formation, a valve V5 may open to allowice2ato pass into thecup8. Theice2amay additionally serve to help cool theprecursor liquid2 in thereservoir11 before passing to thecup8. A filter or other separator may be employed in thereservoir11 between the ice and theprecursor liquid2, e.g., to help reduce bacterial contamination of theprecursor liquid2 by theice2a. That is,ice2amay be stored in thereservoir11 in a compartment separate from theliquid2, e.g., by a permeable or impermeable bather, and delivered to thecup8 upon opening of the valve V5. It should also be noted that any gas pressure in thecontactor6 may be vented by a valve or other suitable arrangement before, during or after beverage formation.
• FIG. 33 shows another schematic diagram of abeverage forming system1 that, like others, may be used with any suitable number and/or combination of aspects of the invention or other features. In this embodiment, thereservoir11 may hold a volume ofprecursor liquid2 equal to several beverages. Thus, thesystem1 may make multiple beverages without requiring the addition of liquid to thereservoir11. Apump13 and valve V1 control the flow of liquid through acontactor6 and to thesecond portion47 of acartridge4. Thegas source41 may be activated in any suitable way to emit gas that is routed to the gas side of thecontactor6 under the control of a valve V2. For example, thegas source41 may emit gas in response to being exposed to microwave energy, thermal heat energy, other electromagnetic radiation, liquid water or water vapor, etc. Gas emitted by thegas source41 may be dissolved in theliquid2 in thecontactor6, which may then be mixed withbeverage medium42 in thecartridge4 or elsewhere. A valve V3 may control the flow of beverage from thesystem1, e.g., through a nozzle which may be incorporated into the cartridge and may help to further mix the liquid and beverage medium, may help direct the beverage into acup8, may help to aerate or form a foam in the beverage, etc.
• AlthoughFIGS. 31-33 are described as involving the direction of all or substantially all of theprecursor liquid2 used to form a beverage through thecartridge4, other arrangements are possible. For example, as discussed above, only a portion of theliquid2 may be routed through thecartridge4, e.g., to expel beverage medium42 from the cartridge to the cup8 (or other mixing chamber), while a remaining portion of theliquid2 is routed directly to the cup8 (or other mixing chamber). Also, a chiller circuit, e.g., including a thermoelectric device, refrigeration device, heat exchanger that employs user-supplied ice, or other arrangement, may be included in thesystem1 to chill theprecursor liquid2 before, during and/or after gas dissolution, and/or before, during and/or after mixing of beverage medium with the precursor liquid.
• FIG. 34 shows another illustrative embodiment of abeverage making system1. In this embodiment, areservoir11 includes three portions, i.e., amain reservoir portion11a, a gassource activating portion11band apre-mix portion11c. Initially themain reservoir portion11amay be filled to a desired level, and the gassource activating portion11band thepre-mix portion11cmay be empty. At the start of a beverage formation cycle, aplunger11dmay be lowered into themain reservoir portion11a, which causes a controlled amount ofprecursor liquid2 to spill or otherwise be directed into the gassource activating portion11band thepre-mix portion11c. Thereafter, as theplunger11dis inserted further into themain reservoir portion11a, theplunger11dmay form a seal with themain reservoir portion11a, preventing any further amounts ofliquid2 from being passed into the gassource activating portion11band thepre-mix portion11c. Further lowering of theplunger11d(and with opening of the valve V1) may cause liquid2 to pass from themain reservoir portion11athrough thecontactor6. In addition, liquid2 in the gassource activating portion11bmay be forced through the (open) valve V2 and into thefirst portion46 of the cartridge to activate thegas source41. The valve V2 may control an amount of liquid passed to thefirst portion46, e.g., to control an amount and/or pressure of gas emitted, provided that with the valve V2 closed, liquid in theportion11bis permitted to exit with movement of theplunger11dso as not to resist its movement. A pressure of gas emitted by the gas source that is passed to thecontactor6 may be additionally, or alternately, controlled by a pressure regulating valve V4. Thus, a desired gas pressure may be maintained in the gas side of thecontactor6. Liquid2 in thepre-mix portion11cmay also be forced to flow into thesecond portion47 of thecartridge4 to mix withbeverage medium42. Mixing of the liquid and medium may be complemented by physical disturbance of the materials in thesecond portion47, such as by kneading of the second portion47 (e.g., by a roller or other element), stirring, shaking, etc. This may help to pre-mix thebeverage medium42, and make later mixing withadditional precursor liquid2 more effective. With valve V3 open,pre-mixed beverage medium42 may pass into a mixing nozzle or other chamber (e.g., which may be part of athird portion62 of thecartridge4 or a part of the beverage making machine), whileliquid2 having dissolved gas from thecontactor6 may also be introduced into the mixing nozzle. (Note that the valve V3 in this and other embodiments may include a valve that is incorporated into thecartridge4, such as a burst valve, duckbill valve, split septum, or other. Themixed precursor liquid2 andbeverage medium42 may then be routed to a waitingcup8 or other container.
• FIG. 35 shows another illustrative embodiment of abeverage making system1 that, like those embodiments discussed above, incorporates one or more aspects of the invention. This illustrative embodiment includes a pair of syringe pumps13a,13bthat are arranged to causeprecursor liquid2 to flow from onepump13, through thecontactor6 and into theother pump13, and vice versa. In this way, thesystem1 can passprecursor liquid2 through thecontactor6 one or more times, e.g., to increase an amount of dissolved gas in theprecursor liquid2, as desired. Of course, thesystem1 could achieve multiple passes through a contactor or other gas dissolving device in other ways, such as by a single pump that directs liquid to flow from areservoir11, through acontactor6 and back to thereservoir11. However, in this embodiment, the syringe pump12ais arranged to draw precursor liquid2 from acup8 or other container through a valve V1. Thus, a user may place acup8 containing a desired volume or type ofprecursor liquid2 in association with thesystem1, and thesystem1 may use theprecursor liquid2 in thecup8 to form a beverage. A filter at the valve V1 or elsewhere may help reduce a number of bacteria or other organisms that enter thesystem1, helping to reduce potential system contamination. Also, thesyringe pump13 or other pump arrangement may be configured to aspirate a suitable volume of liquid2 from thecup8, e.g., by controlling a stroke length of the syringe piston, by detecting flow with a flow meter, by detecting a liquid level in the pump or other reservoir, etc. With theprecursor liquid2 aspirated into thefirst syringe pump13a, the valve V1 may be closed, and the valve V2 opened to so that thepump13acan force the liquid2 into thecontactor6. (WhileFIG. 35 shows there may be gas as well asliquid2 in thepump13a, it may be the case that no gas is present in thepump13a.) Meanwhile, the valve V2 (or another valve) may allow someliquid2 to flow into thefirst portion46 of acartridge4 to activate agas source41. Thus, liquid may dissolve gas emitted by thegas source41 as the liquid2 passes through thecontactor6. The valve V3 may be arranged to allow theliquid2 flowing from thecontactor6 to enter thesecond syringe pump13bfor temporary storage therein. With a desired amount of liquid transferred from thefirst syringe pump13ato thesecond syringe pump13bvia thecontactor6, flow may be reversed with thesecond syringe pump13bcausing flow through thecontactor6 and to thefirst syringe pump13a. This cycling may be repeated a desired number of times, e.g., based on the output of a carbonation detector, to achieve a desired level of carbonation of theliquid2. With carbonation or other gas dissolving complete, the valve V3 may be arranged to pass liquid2 to thesecond portion47 of the cartridge, e.g., for mixing withbeverage medium42 and transfer of beverage (via open valve V4) to thecup8. A system like that inFIG. 33 may allow a user to define a carbonation or other dissolved gas level for a beverage, and may operate to dissolve gas into theprecursor liquid2 up to the set level, whether before or after mixing beverage medium with theprecursor liquid2.
• In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge may be arranged to control a flow of activation fluid into the cartridge to activate a gas source. As discussed above, one option is to have a beverage making machine control flow of activation fluid into the cartridge. However, the cartridge itself may also help to control activation of the gas source. Such an arrangement may allow the cartridge itself to define a carbonation or other gas dissolution level, allowing different cartridges to define different gas dissolution levels without requiring a change in system operation. For example,FIG. 36 shows a schematic view of afirst portion46 of acartridge4 that includes aflow controller76 in the form of a valve (such as a pressure regulator or pressure activated valve). Activation fluid (e.g., water) may be provided at theactivator inlet46aunder a set pressure. When a pressure in thefirst portion46 is suitably low, theflow controller76 may open to allow water to enter thefirst portion46, which causes activation of thegas source41. However, once pressure in thefirst portion46 reaches a threshold level, theflow controller76 may close, stopping flow of water into thefirst portion46. This stop in flow will tend to lower the pressure in thefirst portion46 as gas is routed to a contactor or other gas dissolution device or vented, and when the pressure again drops suitably, theflow controller76 may again open. In this embodiment, theflow controller76 is shown to include a spring that urges a valve gate to close, where the force of the spring is set to provide suitable gas pressure control in thefirst portion46. However, other arrangements are possible, such as those found in pressure regulator valves, an arrangement in which high pressure in thefirst portion46 tends to expand a part of the cartridge to pinch (and thereby close) a flow path from theactivator inlet46a, and so on.FIGS. 37 and 38 show another illustrative embodiment in which acartridge4 includes aflow controller76 similar to that inFIG. 36. However, in this embodiment, the flow controller76 (specifically an upstanding strut functioning as a spring element) interacts with a part of the beverage making machine. Thus, when thecartridge4 in this embodiment is properly associated with the beverage making machine, theflow controller76 may be caused to operate to control activation fluid flow into the cartridge. Other arrangements similar to that inFIGS. 37 and 38 are possible, including arrangements in which the beverage making machine may control the opening and closing of aflow controller76 of thecartridge4. For example, the arrangement inFIGS. 37 and 38 may be modified so that the beverage making machine moves the strut or other portion of the flow controller76 (such as a valve gate) to cause theflow controller76 to open and close. Other flow controller arrangements are possible in such an embodiment, such as a membrane valve, flapper valve, plunger valve, etc., which may be manipulated and controlled by the beverage making machine.
• FIGS. 39-42 show another illustrative embodiment of an arrangement for controlling activation fluid flow into a cartridge. In this embodiment, thecartridge4 has an arrangement similar to that inFIGS. 38-30. The cartridge is shown inFIGS. 39 and 40 in a mounted orientation in a beverage making machine. An activation fluid inlet needle or other port extends into anactivator inlet46aof the cartridge and remains stationary during beverage formation. In addition, a part of thecartridge4 near an upper end is held fixed relative to the fluid inlet needle. When a pressure in thecartridge4 is relatively low, a distal end of the inlet needle is positioned relative to theactivator inlet46aof thecartridge4 so that activation fluid is delivered to thecartridge4. However, when a pressure in the cartridge increases, the cartridge expands, pulling theactivator inlet46aaway from the inlet needle. This movement stops flow of activation fluid, which does not resume until pressure drops in the cartridge and the cartridge moves to the orientation shown inFIG. 39.FIGS. 41 and 42 show one arrangement of the fluid inlet needle and theactivator inlet46afor this embodiment. The inlet needle has an opening on its side so that when the needle extends into thecartridge4, the activation fluid flow path is open. However, withdrawal of the inlet needle into theactivator inlet46ablocks the flowpath, stopping activation fluid flow. Other arrangements for opening and closing an activation fluid flowpath based on cartridge movement are possible, such as a valve in theactivator inlet46athat opens and closes based on cartridge movement or pressure change, and others.
• FIGS. 43 and 44 show another arrangement for controlling activation fluid control. In this embodiment, the cartridge again has an arrangement similar to that inFIGS. 28-30. When activation fluid is provided to the cartridge and the gas source is activated (as shown inFIG. 43), the cartridge will generate gas, which causes a pressure build up and enlargement of the cartridge4 (as shown inFIG. 44). An increase in size of the cartridge in at least one portion may activate a switch orother sensor51, which causes thesystem controller5 to stop activation fluid flow to thecartridge4. When the pressure reduces, the cartridge may reduce in size and the switch orother sensor51 will be deactivated, allowing activation fluid flow to resume, if appropriate.
• FIG. 45 shows yet another embodiment, again with an arrangement similar to that inFIGS. 28-30. However, in this embodiment, thegas outlet conduit46dand theprecursor inlet47aconduit are both formed by suitable weld lines joining the layers ofbarrier material79. That is, the conduits for gas outlet and precursor inlet into the first andsecond portions46,47, respectively, are formed by the barrier layers79 only, and do not include a tube or other structure. As a result, flow of activation fluid and/or precursor liquid into the cartridge may be controlled by pinching thecartridge4 so as to close one or both of theinlets46a,47a. It should be understood that the outlet of gas and/or beverage medium from the cartridge may be similarly controlled. Flow control may be based on any suitable criterion, such as a detected gas pressure, an elapsed timer, detected movement of the cartridge or portions of the cartridge (e.g., caused by a pressure increase in the cartridge), and so on.
• FIG. 46 shows yet another illustrative embodiment regarding control of flow of activation fluid into a cartridge. In this embodiment, thecartridge4 has an arrangement like that inFIG. 23, and has a flexible wall or other part at thefirst portion46 of the cartridge. As a result, when pressure in thefirst portion46 increases to or beyond a threshold level, the flexible wall may expand outwardly. Movement of the cartridge wall or other part may be detected by thebeverage making system1, such as by a switch orother sensor51. In response, thecontroller5 may stop flow of activation fluid into thecartridge4 until pressure in thefirst portion46 is reduced, and the movable part of the cartridge retracts or otherwise moves to indicate a suitable drop in pressure. While in this embodiment, the movable part that indicates pressure in the first portion includes a flexible wall, other configurations are possible, such as a movable piston or plunger, etc.
• FIGS. 47 and 48 show yet another embodiment regarding control of activation fluid in a cartridge. In this embodiment, the cartridge includes aflow controller76 in the form of a valve that may be pinched closed by avalve actuator81 of thebeverage making system1. In this embodiment, a pressure in the cartridge may be sensed by asensor51 that detects a pressure in a line leading from thefirst portion46. If a suitably high pressure is detected, thesystem1 may cause thevalve actuator81 to move so as to pinch the valve of theflow controller76 closed. With a pressure at or below a threshold detected, thevalve actuator81 may allow the valve to open. While in this embodiment the valve of theflow controller76 is a relatively simple structure in which a portion of thecartridge4 may be moved to close a flow path (e.g., as in the embodiment ofFIG. 45), other arrangements are possible, such as valves with movable valve gates, plungers, or other structures that may be actuated by a valve actuator. For example, theflow controller76 may include a membrane valve in which an impermeable membrane may be moved toward and away from a port so as to control flow into thefirst portion46.
• FIGS. 49 and 50 show an illustrative embodiment in which a cartridge may control flow of activation fluid into thecartridge4 independent of a beverage making machine, e.g., like that inFIG. 36. In this embodiment, the cartridge includes aflow controller76 that includes a valve that can be opened and closed by pressure in thefirst portion46. Thus, theflow controller76 may include a pressure regulator-type valve that autonomously controls pressure in thefirst portion46 to be within a desired pressure range. InFIG. 49, pressure in the first portion is within or below the desired pressure range, and so the valve is open to allow the inflow of activation fluid into thefirst portion46. InFIG. 50, the pressure in thefirst portion46 has risen above the desired pressure range, and as such, pressure on the right side of the valve (which is fluidly connected to the first portion46) causes the valve to move to the left, stopping flow of activation fluid. In some embodiments, the pressure in the first portion as controlled by theflow controller76 can vary depending on the pressure of incoming activation fluid. That is, theflow controller76 could be arranged so that the pressure of the activation fluid influences the operation of the valve, e.g., in one case, so that the pressure in thefirst portion46 must exceed the pressure of the incoming activation fluid to allow the flow controller valve to close and stop flow. This arrangement may allow thesystem1 to operate different cartridges at different gas pressures in thefirst portion46, e.g., by adjusting a pressure of the incoming activation fluid. However, in other embodiments, theflow controller76 operation may be made independent of the pressure of the activation fluid so that variations in activation fluid pressure have no effect on the controlled pressure in thefirst portion46. Such an arrangement may be useful, for example, where a pump delivering activation water has a variable pressure, and/or where pressure control in the cartridge is desirably influenced by ambient pressures, such as where operation of thesystem1 at sea level requires higher gas pressures, but operation at high elevation requires lower pressures. Possible valve configurations for theflow controller76 are generally known in the art, and are not described in detail herein. Also, theflow controller76 may operate in a binary fashion (on/off) or may provide for variable flow rates.
• In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge may include a filter in the first and/or second portion to separate an inlet from an outlet of the first and/or second portion. For example, a filter may be provided in a first portion of a cartridge to help resist exit of gas source materials from the first portion. A filter may be provided in a second portion of a cartridge to help prevent relatively large, undissolved particles from clogging the outlet, help prevent bacterial contamination of a beverage (e.g., where the precursor liquid includes organisms that can be filtered from the precursor liquid prior to being supplied as a beverage), and/or help distribute precursor liquid in the second portion (e.g., to help with dissolution).
• FIG. 51 shows a cartridge with an arrangement similar to that inFIG. 45, but this embodiment includes afilter46cin the first portion, and afilter77 in thesecond portion47. While in this embodiment thefilter46cand77 are formed by a single filter element that spans the first andsecond portions46,47, other arrangements are possible, such as individual filter elements for each portion. Thefilter46cmay operate to restrain the passage of gas source materials to thegas outlet46b, while thefilter77 may help reduce microbial contamination of the beverage medium and beverage, and/or help spread the flow of precursor liquid over a larger surface area of the beverage medium.FIGS. 52-54 show another illustrative arrangement of a filter used in a cartridge like that ofFIG. 51. In this embodiment, a layer of perforated or otherwise suitably permeable material is interposed between the layers ofbarrier material79 so that theactivator inlet46ais separated from thegas outlet46bby the permeable material (which forms afilter46cin the first portion46), and the precursorliquid inlet47ais separated from thebeverage medium outlet47bby the permeable material (which forms afilter77 in the second portion47). Again, thefilters46cand77 could be formed in other ways, as this is just one of several possible embodiments.FIGS. 53 and 54 show how thefilters46cand77 separate the inlets and outlets of the respective first andsecond portions46,47. InFIG. 53, it can be seen how thefilter77 provides a space into which precursor liquid may enter thesecond portion47 and permeate through thefilter77 and uniformly wet thebeverage medium42. InFIG. 54, it can be seen how thefilter46cprovides a relatively large surface area for emitted gas to pass through thefilter46cand to thegas outlet46b.
• FIG. 55 shows a perspective view of how a single piece of permeable material can form thefilters46cand77 in a cartridge like that inFIGS. 52-54. As can be seen, the permeable material can traverse a zig-zag path relative to theinlet46a,47aandoutlets46b,47bof the first andsecond portions46,47. To maintain the permeable material in the position shown inFIG. 55, the permeable material may be bonded to theinsert74 and/or thebarrier material79 to keep the inlets/outlets clear.
• As discussed above, a cartridge may be configured to allow a user to interact with the cartridge to define one or more characteristics of a beverage to be made. For example, a user may interact with a cartridge to define a carbonation level, a sweetness of the beverage, an amount of beverage medium to use in making the beverage, and so on.FIGS. 56 and 57 show an arrangement of a cartridge that is similar to that inFIG. 45 but includes aclip78 that can be engaged with thecartridge4 so as to limit an amount ofbeverage medium42 that can be used to form a beverage. Theclip78 may be movable relative to the cartridge to provide a continuously adjustable amount of beverage medium that can be used. A similar feature could be used to define an amount of carbonation, e.g., by limiting what portion of the gas source is exposed to activating fluid. Of course, aclip78 is only one example of how a user could interact with a cartridge to define beverage characteristics. For example, the cartridge may have one or more removable tabs, adjustable sliders, holes or other features that can be removed or covered, etc., that could be adjusted by a user. Thesystem controller5 may recognize the adjusted feature and control thesystem1 accordingly. Alternately, the adjusted cartridge feature may itself directly control operation of the system. For example, a broken off tab of the cartridge may trigger a switch that disables delivery of activating fluid to the cartridge, thereby forcing the machine to make a non-sparkling (or still) beverage.
• In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge may include a beverage outlet that extends from the cartridge, e.g., towards or to a user's cup or other container. Such an extending outlet may help deliver a beverage to a cup in splash-free way, may help reduce loss of carbonation or other dissolved gases, and/or may help reduce contact of the beverage with a beverage making machine. In one illustrative embodiment, the cartridge may include a trouser valve that includes two flat, elongated membranes sealed at opposing edges of the membranes along their length. The trouser valve may be folded or rolled up such that the folds or contact pressures in the rolled position close the valve, if necessary. In one embodiment, a relatively lightweight film can be used, e.g., to help the valve form a suitable seal when rolled or folded. When pressure is applied to the inner end of the trouser valve, the structure may unfold/unroll and expand into an elongated form. The extension of the trouser valve into a dispensing configuration may open any seal formed by the valve in its folded state and allow beverage to flow along the valve. The valve may be arranged to provide for smooth flow of the beverage through a tapered passageway, potentially reducing the risk of turbulence and loss of carbonation before dispensing. In other embodiments, a cartridge may include a more rigid outlet conduit that extends from the cartridge to conduct beverage toward a user's cup. For example, a retractable tube in the cartridge may extend under pressure built up in the cartridge. If desired, additional mixing action can be included in the beverage outlet flow path, e.g., by shaping the welds of a trouser valve to make the flow path serpentine or to include obstacles to enhance mixing of. Also, since a trouser valve may assume a flat condition after delivery of beverage, e.g., due to resilience of material used to make the valve that causes the valve to fold, the beverage outlet may retain little or no residual beverage, at least as compared to a cylindrical conduit of equivalent length. This may reduce leakage from the cartridge after use, reducing mess.
• In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge (such as a mixing chamber portion) may include a mixer or other movable part that interacts with beverage medium and/or precursor liquid to enhance mixing of the beverage. For example, the movable part may be actuated by interaction with flow of the beverage medium or precursor liquid, such as a vibrating reed, rotating blade, or other element. In another embodiment, the movable part may be actuated by an external drive, such as a direct drive shaft of a motor associated with a beverage making machine, a magnetic coupling that provides contact-free movement of the mixer or other movable part, a pneumatic or hydraulic drive that provides moving fluid to the cartridge to drive the mixer, and others.
• FIGS. 58-60 show assembled, side and top views of another illustrative embodiment of acartridge4 that incorporates one or more aspects of the invention. As can be seen inFIG. 58, thecartridge4 in this embodiment includes a container with afirst portion46 and asecond portion47 that can be assembled so that thelids45a,45bof theportions46,47 are adjacent each other. For example, thefirst portion46 may be arranged so that a part of thelid45ais recessed below an upper edge of arim462 of afirst container part461 of thefirst portion46. Therim472 of thesecond container part471 of thesecond portion47 may be arranged to fit within the recess and engage with therim462 so as to hold the first andsecond portions46,47 together. For example, therim462 may include a groove that receives therim472 to releaseably hold the first andsecond portions46,47 together by a friction or interference fit, e.g., so that a user may pull the first andsecond portions46,47 apart by hand and without tools. Alternately, the first andsecond portions46,47 may be held together in an assembled position shown inFIG. 58 by an adhesive, an overwrap film, a band of shrink-wrapped material at the junction between first andsecond portions46,47, a piece of tape or band that extends from thefirst portion46 to thesecond portion47, etc.
• Thus, in accordance with an aspect of the invention, the first andsecond portions46,47 may be arranged so that the cartridge has a plane where thefirst portion46 is located below the plane and thesecond portion47 is located above the plane. In this case, the plane of the cartridge may be parallel to, and defined by, a portion of thelid45a,45b, or may be parallel to a planar portion of a part of thelid45aor45b. The first andsecond portions46,47 may be used with a beverage making machine in the assembled condition, or may be moved relative to each other, e.g., separated from each other, for use with a beverage making machine. As discussed above, the first andsecond portions46,47 may be oriented in different ways for interacting with a beverage making machine, such as in a side-by-side configuration shown inFIG. 59. In this embodiment, the first andsecond portions46,47 are not connected inFIG. 59, but the first andsecond portions46,47 may be connected by a tether or other structure, e.g., like that shown inFIGS. 6-8. Such a connection may help properly orient theportions46,47 for interaction with the beverage making system.
• In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the first andsecond portions46,47 are separated by an impermeable barrier, e.g., thelid45aor thelid45b, which in this embodiment are both impermeable (although both need not necessarily be so). Also, as shown inFIG. 60, thelids45a,45bof the first andsecond portions46,47 may be arranged to accommodate a piercing element for inlet and/or outlet of gas or other fluids. For example, thelid45amay have aninlet region451 arranged to accommodate piercing by a piercing element (e.g., a needle, blade, etc.) to admit activating water, water vapor or other fluid into thefirst portion46 to cause thegas source41 to release carbon dioxide or other gas. Thelid45amay also have anoutlet region452 arranged to accommodate piercing to allow gas or other fluid to exit thefirst portion46. However, as mentioned above, thelid45amay be pierced in the same location for fluid inlet/outlet, or may not be pierced at all, e.g., where thelid45aincludes a defined port for inlet/outlet, or other portions of thefirst container part461 are pierced at the bottom, sidewall or elsewhere.
• Thelid45bmay have aninlet region451 arranged to accommodate piercing to admit activating water, gas or other fluid, whether for mixing with thebeverage medium42, or to push the medium42 to exit thesecond portion47, e.g., through a pierced hole in the bottom of thesecond portion47 for mixing with a precursor liquid in a user's cup, a mixing chamber, etc. Thesecond portion47 may also include afilter component48bto help keep beverage medium42 from contacting a piercing element that pierces thelid45b. Thefilter component48bmay include a hydrophobic membrane, a piece of filter paper, or other suitable component, and may be attached to thelid45bor other portion of thesecond container part471. By avoiding contact ofbeverage medium42 with a piercing element, unwanted contamination of the piercing element may be reduced or eliminated. Alternately, or in addition, a piercing element (whether used to pierce an inlet and/or outlet opening of a first orsecond portion46,47) may be arranged to be removable from a beverage making machine (e.g., for cleaning and replacement in the machine). Another possibility is to arrange thesecond portion47 so that it can be squeezed, crushed or otherwise have a wall (such as thelid45borcontainer part471 sidewall) moved to urgebeverage medium42 to exit thesecond portion47, e.g., through a burstable or otherwise frangible outlet or pierced hole. For example, thelid45bmay be pressed downwardly in the orientation shown inFIG. 59 so thatbeverage medium42 is forced out of thesecond portion47, e.g., through an opening in a bottom part of thesecond portion47. Such pressing may be accomplished by a plunger or piston of a beverage making machine that presses downwardly on thelid45b, crushing thesecond portion47 and expelling the beverage medium. Thelid45a(or thelid45b) may have a pull tab (e.g., as shown inFIG. 60) to aid a user in removing thelid45afor recycling or other purposes. For example, a user may wish to remove thelid45afrom thefirst container part461 to remove thegas source41 after use. Thegas source41 may be contained in a permeable bag or other holder, such as a plastic mesh bag, filter paper pouch, etc. This bag may help preventgas source41 particles from exiting thefirst portion46 and/or make removal and disposal/recycling of thegas source41 materials in thefirst portion46 easier. The bag may also help orient or otherwise position thegas source41 in thefirst portion46, e.g., to keep thegas source41 away from thelid45a(such as to avoid contact with a piercing element), to arrange thegas source41 for optimal or other desired receipt of activating liquid (e.g., arrange thegas source41 in layers or compartments for selective wetting), and so on.
• FIGS. 61 and 62 show another illustrative embodiment of acartridge4 that incorporates one or more aspects of the invention. In this illustrative embodiment, similar to that ofFIG. 58, the first andsecond portions46,47 may be arranged on opposite sides of a plane, such as a plane that is parallel to, and positioned at or between, thelids45a,45bof the first andsecond portions46,47. As noted above, “above” and “below” are terms used for ease of reference, and since thecartridge4 may be inverted from the position shown inFIG. 61, thesecond portion47 may be said to be “above” the plane and thefirst portion46 may be said to be “below” the plane in the inverted orientation. The first andsecond portions46,47 may be connected together by a portion of thelids45a,45b, i.e.,connector45c, or another element. Thus, the first andsecond portions46,47 may be moved relative to each other from the position inFIG. 61 to an orientation like that inFIG. 62, e.g., for introduction into and interaction with a beverage making machine. Theconnector45cor other portion of the lid45 (or of the cartridge4) may carry an identifier, such as a barcode, RFID tag or other device that can be read by a beverage making system and used to control system operation, e.g., to control a carbonation level, beverage volume, etc. Similar to theFIGS. 58-60 embodiment, thefirst portion46 may have thelid45apierced in one or more locations to admit activating fluid and/or release gas for carbonation or other purposes. Of course, thefirst portion46 may operate to activate agas source41 and release gas in any suitable way as discussed herein, such as receiving activating fluid and/or releasing gas through a part of thefirst portion46 opposite thelid45a(e.g., the bottom of thefirst portion46 as oriented inFIG. 62). As with other embodiments, thefirst portion46 may be made of any suitable material or combination of materials, such as a metal foil (e.g., aluminum) capsule. Similarly, thesecond portion47 may be arranged in a variety of different ways, but in this embodiment is arranged so that awall47aof thesecond portion47 can be moved so thatbeverage medium42 is caused to exit thesecond portion47. For example, thewall47amay include a corrugated sheet of material (such as a sheet of aluminum foil that has a set of steps arranged as concentric annular rings) that can be pressed from the bottom (as shown by thearrows200 inFIG. 61) so that thewall47ais collapsed toward thelid45b(thelid45band upper rim of thewall47awould be suitably supported by a beverage making machine chamber, for example). Movement of thewall47acould cause a rise in pressure in thesecond portion47, e.g., so that a burstable seal opens to releasebeverage medium42 along thearrow202. Of course, thewall47acould be pierced to form an opening to allowbeverage medium42 to exit, rather than having a burstable or otherwise frangible seal open. In another illustrative embodiment shown inFIG. 63, thesecond portion47 may include aninternal piercing element203 arranged to pierce thewall47ato form an outlet opening forbeverage medium42. For example, the piercingelement203 may be arranged so that with force applied to thelid45aalong the direction of thearrow204, the piercingelement203 may be moved downwardly to pierce thewall47a. In this action, thelid45amay or may not be pierced. In one arrangement where thelid45ais pierced, gas, precursor liquid or other fluid may be introduced into thesecond portion47 to urge thebeverage medium42 out of the opening formed in thewall47a. It should also be understood that an internal piercing element may be used with other embodiments described herein, such as inFIGS. 58-60, and may be used in afirst portion46 of acartridge4.
• Thewall47amay be arranged so that when pushed in the direction of thearrows200 inFIG. 61, the radially outer portions of thewall47amay collapse first, with radially inner portions of thewall47acollapsing subsequently in a step-wise fashion toward a center of thewall47a. This may help urgebeverage medium42 to move radially inwardly and out of the outlet. In other embodiments, thewall47amay be arranged without corrugations, or otherwise without concern for how thewall47acollapses. Instead, thewall47amay be simply moved toward thelid45band thebeverage medium42 forced from thesecond portion47 without control of flow in thesecond portion47. If thewall47ais moved very closely adjacent to thelid45b, most or all of thebeverage medium42 may be forced from thesecond portion47.
• FIG. 64 shows another illustrative embodiment in which asecond portion47 of thecartridge4 is formed as an end-gusseted bag, e.g., formed from a sheet aluminum foil or other metal or plastic material. Such bags are well known in the food packaging art, and thesecond portion47 in this embodiment is shown with the gusseted portion facing upwardly. Anoutlet nozzle47bis arranged at a side of the bag (the bottom) opposite the gusset, and may include a burstable septum or other outlet arrangement that opens when thesecond portion47 is squeezed or otherwise experiences an increase in pressure in the compartment where thebeverage medium42 is held. In one embodiment, thesecond portion47 may be squeezed by air or other gas pressure that is introduced into a closed chamber in which thesecond portion47 is held. The gas pressure may be provided by an air pump, compressed gas source, gas produced by thefirst portion46, or other arrangement into a closed compartment that causes pressure to be exerted on the exterior of thesecond portion47. Thus, thesecond portion47 may have a wall, e.g., a part of the bag forming thesecond portion47, that is moved to urge beverage medium to exit thesecond portion47. Thenozzle47bmay be located outside of the chamber in which pressure is introduced, e.g., so thatbeverage medium42 forced from thenozzle47bmay enter a mixing chamber, a user's cup, etc. Thenozzle47bmay include atomizing orifices or other features that help form small droplets or streams ofbeverage medium42, e.g., as an aid to mixing.
• In accordance with an aspect of the invention, at least a part of thefirst portion46 may be received into the gusset of thesecond portion47. For example, the gusset may form a partial ellipsoid shaped cavity into which thefirst portion46, which may have a complementary shape, can fit. In one embodiment, thefirst portion46 may fit entirely within the gusset such that thefirst portion46 can form a surface or base of thecartridge4 such that the cartridge can stand upright on a flat surface with thefirst portion46 supporting the cartridge. For example, thelid45aof thefirst portion46 may provide a flat surface at the top of thecartridge4 when thefirst portion46 is received into the gusset cavity of thesecond portion47, allowing thecartridge4 to be inverted and stood on a table top with thefirst portion46 resting on the table. However, this is not necessary, and thefirst portion46 may protrude from the gusset cavity of thesecond portion47, e.g., with a domed top surface. With thefirst portion46 at least partially received in the gusset cavity, arim462 of thefirst portion46 may be crimped or otherwise attached to arim472 of thesecond portion47 to engage the first andsecond portions46,47 together. As in other embodiments, thefirst portion46 may include inlet and/oroutlet regions451,452 arranged to accommodate piercing for inlet and/or outlet flows.
• As mentioned above, thesecond portion47 may be squeezed or otherwise collapsed to releasebeverage medium42. During this process, thefirst portion46 may be subjected to the squeezing force, such as air pressure, opposed chamber walls moved toward each other with thesecond portion47 located between the chamber walls, etc., or may be at least partially isolated from the squeezing force. For example, arim462 of thefirst portion46 may be clamped in a cartridge receiver of a beverage making machine so that a sealed chamber located below therim462 can be formed around thesecond portion47. This arrangement may help reduce or eliminate squeezing force on thefirst portion46.
• FIG. 65 shows another illustrative embodiment of a cartridge. In this embodiment, thecartridge4 includes a cylindrical container with afirst portion46 located on one side (an upper region as shown) of the container, and asecond portion47 located on an opposite side (a lower region). The first andsecond portions46,47 may be separated by a wall, e.g., that establishes an air tight space in whichbeverage medium42 is located. Thefirst portion46 may be piercable to admit activating liquid into, and/or allow gas to exit thefirst portion46, or may be arranged in other ways as discussed above. However, in this embodiment, thesecond portion47 is arranged to initially hold a gas under pressure in the air tight space with thebeverage medium42 so that when anoutlet valve47bis opened (e.g., by moving a part of the valve relative to the second portion47), the pressurized gas expands and forces thebeverage medium42 to pass through thevalve47band out of thesecond portion47. Thus, a beverage making machine using thecartridge4 would not be required to introduce gas, liquid or other fluid into thesecond portion47 to expel thebeverage medium42. Instead, opening of thevalve47b, which could be done automatically by the machine or by a user, could cause thebeverage medium42 to be dispensed. In an alternate embodiment, the pressurized gas in thesecond portion47 could be received from thefirst portion46, e.g., a wall separating the first andsecond portions46,47 could be permeable, at least with thefirst portion46 under suitable pressure, so that gas generated by thegas source41 can flow into thesecond portion47, thus pressurizing thesecond portion47 for dispensing of thebeverage medium42. Alternately, pressurized gas could be introduced into thesecond portion47 by a beverage forming machine, e.g., via a piercing needle, port or other mechanism.
Example 1
• The release properties of a carbon dioxide adsorbent were measured in the following way: 8×12 beads ofsodium zeolite 13× (such as are commercially available from UOP MOLSIV Adsorbents) were obtained. The beads were placed in a ceramic dish and fired in a Vulcan D550 furnace manufactured by Ceramco. The temperature in the furnace containing the beads was raised to 550° C. at a rate of 3° C./min and was held at 550° C. for 5 hours for firing and preparation of the beads for charging with carbon dioxide.
• The beads were removed from the furnace and immediately transferred to a metal container equipped with a tightly fitted lid and entrance and exit ports permitting circulation of gas. With the beads sealed in the container, the container was flooded with carbon dioxide gas and pressurized to 15 psig. (Note, however, that experiments have been performed between 5-32 psig.) The chamber was held at the set pressure for 1 hour. During this hold period the chamber was bled every 15 min. At the end of this period a quantity of gas had adsorbed to the beads.
• A 30 g sample of charged 13× zeolite was measured, and a beaker filled with 250 ml of water at room temperature of 22° C. The beaker and water was placed on a balance and the balance zeroed. The 30 g of charged zeolite was then added to the beaker and the change in weight versus time was measured. It was shown that the change in weight became approximately steady after a period of 50 seconds, and that the beads lost about 4.2 g (14 wt %) of weight attributed to the release of carbon dioxide. Of course, some carbon dioxide may have been dissolved into the water.

• 	Time (sec)	Weight (grams)

  	0	30
  	25	26.7
  	50	25.8
  	75	25.6
  	100	25.5

Example 2
• Charged zeolite 13× was prepared as in Example 1. A 30 g sample of the charged zeolites was then placed in metal chamber with a water inlet port at the bottom and a gas outlet port at the top. The chamber that held the zeolites was 34×34 mm in cross section and had 2 metal filter discs with 64 1/16″ diameter holes to retain the zeolite material. Tap water was then flooded into the bottom of the chamber perpendicular to the cross-section at an average flow rate of 60 ml/min Gas evolved through the top outlet port.
• The pressure of the gas in the chamber was measured with a pressure gauge and controlled using a needle valve attached to the exit port of the gas chamber. The needle valve was set to maintain the chamber at a pressure of 35 psig by manually adjusting the valve over the course of exposing charged zeolites in the chamber to water. Once the valve was set to an operating pressure, the system would perform repeatably with zeolite samples charged in the same manner.
Example 3
• Charged zeolite 13× was prepared as in Example 1. A 30 g sample of the charged zeolites was then placed in a semi rigid 50 ml polystyrene-polyethylene-EVOH laminate cup container and thermally sealed with a foil lid. The sealed zeolite cartridges were then placed into a sealed, metal cartridge chamber and pierced on the top and bottom.
• Tap water was introduced at the bottom of the cartridge with the flow controlled by a solenoid valve. The solenoid valve was actuated via a pressure switch connected to the top gas outlet of the cartridge chamber. During three different tests, the pressure switch was set to three different operating pressures of 5, 22, and 35 psig. The resulting gas at the set pressures was then introduced into the shellside of a hydrophobic membrane contactor (1×5.5 Minimodule from Liquicel, of Charlotte, N.C.). The other shellside port was plugged to prevent gas from escaping. Water from a reservoir containing 400 ml of water and approximately 50 g of ice was circulated from the reservoir, through the contactor, and back to the reservoir (e.g., like that shown inFIG. 2) using an Ulka (Milan, Italy)type EAX 5 vibratory pump through the lumenside of the membrane contactor. The pressure of the reservoir and contactor was maintained at the same pressure as the gas was produced. The system produced gas and circulated the water for approximately 60 seconds before being stopped.
• The resulting carbonated water was then tested for carbonation levels using a CarboQC from Anton-Paar of Ashland, Va. The results for are shown in the table below:

• 	System Pressure	Average Carbonation Level
  	(psig)	(Volumes CO2dissolved)
  	10	1.35
  	22	2.53
  	35	3.46

• Thus, the gas was shown to evolve from the zeolites in the cartridges at a controllable rate (based on water delivery to the cartridge chamber) and then dissolved into water to produce a carbonated beverage. In addition, this illustrates the concept that by controlling system pressures one can control the level of carbonation of the finished beverage. It is expected that higher system pressures, e.g., of about 40-50 psi above ambient, would produce a 4 volume carbonated beverage (having a liquid volume of about 500 ml) in about 60 seconds or less.
• Having thus described several aspects of at least one embodiment of this invention, it is to be appreciated that various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings are by way of example only.

Claims (12)

1. A cartridge for use with a beverage forming machine in forming a beverage, comprising:

a container including an internal space with a first chamber that is sealed and contains a carbon dioxide source, the carbon dioxide source being in solid form, having adsorbed carbon dioxide, and arranged to emit carbon dioxide gas for use in carbonating a precursor liquid, the container being piercable by a beverage making machine to form an inlet through which fluid is provided to activate the carbon dioxide source to emit carbon dioxide gas, and that is piercable by the beverage machine to form an outlet through which carbon dioxide gas exits the container for use in carbonating the precursor liquid, wherein a filter is included in the first chamber to allow carbon dioxide gas to pass out of the first chamber via the outlet and to resist exit of carbon dioxide source materials from the first chamber via the outlet.

2. The cartridge ofclaim 1, further comprising a lid that is piercable to form the inlet and the outlet.

3. The cartridge ofclaim 1, wherein the container has at least one portion that is rigid.

4. The cartridge ofclaim 1, wherein the container includes a second chamber that contains a beverage medium for use in mixing with the precursor liquid to form a beverage.

5. The cartridge ofclaim 4, wherein the first and second chambers are separated by an impermeable wall and the second chamber is isolated from the first chamber.

6. The cartridge ofclaim 1, wherein the second chamber is arranged to have an opening located at a top of the second chamber at which pressurized gas is introduced into the second chamber to move beverage medium out of the second chamber, and is arranged to have an opening located at a bottom of the second chamber through which the beverage medium exits out of the second chamber.

7. The cartridge ofclaim 6, wherein the container is piercable to form the opening through which pressurized gas is introduced into the second chamber.

8. The cartridge ofclaim 6, wherein the container is piercable to form the opening through which beverage medium exits the second chamber.

9. The cartridge ofclaim 1, wherein the container has a volume that is less than a volume of carbonated beverage to be formed using the cartridge.

10. The cartridge ofclaim 1, wherein the container includes a lid at the top of the container that closes an opening of the container.

11. The cartridge ofclaim 10, wherein the lid includes a sheet of barrier material that is arranged to be pierced by a beverage making machine to form the inlet and the outlet.

12. The cartridge ofclaim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide source is a charged zeolite.

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