US20140216528A1 - Solar powered electrical generation device and related methods - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments relate to a solar electrical power generation device, including one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units each unit including an adapter to electrically connect to other units, a movable and adjustable frame supporting at least one of the one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units and an electrical storage device being capable of storing electrical power generated from the one or more power source units. The frame is movable from between sites and within a site and adjustable to increase or decrease a unit angle in relation to the sun and wherein the device being capable of connecting to a utility grid or serving as a stand-alone electrical power system.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/216,376, filed on 24 Aug. 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/452,529, filed on 14 Mar. 2011, and which applications are incorporated herein by reference. A claim of priority is made.
FIELD
• This invention is directed to electrical power generation systems connected to an electric utility grid and stand alone power generation using solar photovoltaic energy.
BACKGROUND
• Electrical power generation units, for example renewable energy systems such as solar photovoltaic systems, may be connected to an electrical utility grid and also be stand alone power generation, and may provide power to the utility grid. Customers can purchase solar photovoltaic systems, but require specialists to design and install the system. The solar installer designs the system integrating the solar photovoltaic panel, inverter and mounting elements for each individual facility. Subsequently, the installer or subcontractor usually labor installs the system. The solar photovoltaic power generation system may exhibit large variations in design, install and cost of the system at the facility because of area, interconnection, sighting and accessibility, as well as installation costs. Most solar system installations have considered mostly gabled roof tops as locations for the solar system installation. Due to gabled roof orientation being inappropriate for solar orientations at the facility, these facilities may be deemed insufficient for solar power generation. Solar units that are mounted on the ground or flat roof can be oriented to face the sun and can be integrated as part of the ground landscape. If changes or expansion of the system becomes necessary, the installer must re-design or make labor-intensive modifications and calculations to adjust the system to the current needs.
SUMMARY
• Embodiments of the present invention relate to a solar electrical power generation device, including one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units, each unit can include an adapter to electrically connect to other units, a movable and adjustable frame supporting at least one of the one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units and an electrical storage device being capable of storing electrical power generated from the one or more power source units. The frame can be movable from between sites and within a site. The frame can be adjustable to increase or decrease a unit angle in relation to the sun. The units can be capable of connecting to a utility grid or serving as a stand-alone electrical power system, e.g., off the utility grid. In an example, a prefabricated device can mean a standard, single type of device.
• Embodiments also relate to a method for generating solar electrical power, including selecting one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units, positioning the one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units on a movable and adjustable frame, electrically connecting the one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units to one or more of a utility grid, residence, commercial business or electrical storage device and generating solar electrical energy and distributing the energy to one or more of a utility grid, residence, commercial business or electrical storage device.
• Embodiments also relate to a method for ordering and designing a site installation of solar electrical power devices as a system for a site. The method can select one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units, position the one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units at the site, e.g., on a movable and adjustable frame or permanently installed.
• The method can designate which device is positioned where and provide a layout of the devices inclusive of position and order of installation. In an example, the order of how the power devices are connected to one another in a serial layout or parallel layout with a single electrical output to the load. The method can be used at short-term sites in response to emergency conditions, such as national disasters or military excursions. The method further can set forth how the one or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units are electrically connected to one or more of a utility grid, residence, commercial business or electrical storage device and generating solar electrical energy and distributing the energy to one or more of a utility grid, residence, commercial business or electrical storage device or other energy consumer. The method can further rely on topographical information stored in a database to determine an installation layout. The method can also store the path of the sun and its angel of incidence through the time of day and the days of the year. A customer can be queried by the method, e.g., using a computing system, to input the desired location, the peak power desired, the time and date of peak power and for other pertinent information. The method can confirm at least some of this data input by a customer using data stored or at least accessible by the system.
• Embodiments relate to a solar power module system including two or more solar power modules. Each module includes a prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source unit, an electrical adapter; and one or more controllers. Each module is capable of independently generating solar electrical energy and distributing the energy to a utility grid, as a stand-alone system or connecting to another module to form a larger generating system. While the solar power modules can be standardized, the layout of a plurality of solar power modules for an installation site can be individually designed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
• FIG. 1 depicts a schematic view of a solar electrical generation system, according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 2 depicts a perspective side view of a solar electrical generation device, according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 3A depicts a prefabricated solar electrical power generation unit that is grid tied.
• FIG. 3B depicts a prefabricated solar electrical power generation unit that is a stand alone system with storage
• FIG. 3C depicts a prefabricated solar electrical power generation unit that has auxiliary power to simulate grid frequency so it can be placed in remote locations.
• FIG. 4 depicts a rendition of the prefabricated unit that is manufactured in a manufacturing facility and is taken to the site for installation.
• FIG. 5 depicts multiple solar units arranged in rows as an example of installation.
• FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of modular solar power source units mounted on a frame, according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 7 depicts a front perspective view of modular solar power source units mounted on a frame, according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 8 depicts a flow diagram of a method of generating solar electrical power, according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 9 depicts an electrical power generation unit formed, according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 10 depicts a flowchart of a net metering process for controlling electrical power flow in an electrical power generation unit, according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 11 depicts a block flow diagram of a method of an ordering system, according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 12 depicts a system to interact with a solar unit according to some embodiments.
• FIG. 13 depicts an architecture within which a solar electrical power source unit system is implemented, according to some embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• The present invention is described with reference to the attached figures, wherein like reference numerals are used throughout the figures to designate similar or equivalent elements. The figures are not drawn to scale and they are provided merely to illustrate the invention. Several aspects of the invention are described below with reference to example applications for illustration. It should be understood that numerous specific details, relationships, and methods are set forth to provide an understanding of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art, however, will readily recognize that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details or with other methods. In other instances, well-known structures or operations are not shown in detail to avoid obscuring the invention. The present invention is not limited by the illustrated ordering of acts or events, as some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts or events. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts or events are required to implement a methodology in accordance with the present invention.
• Embodiments of the present invention relate to modular, cost- and design-efficient solar power source units. Embodiments integrate the design and labor off site and deliver prefabricated modular units to the site. Such a design process can reduce installation costs. In an example, the units are of a standard design, e.g., a single design or a limited number (less than ten) designs for a standard installation by the present methods and systems described herein. Multiple units or modules can make up the solar generating system. These systems can be both grid connected and stand alone systems. The solar power units can be connected together to provide a single power output to a load. In an example, one solar power unit is a designated controller to control the output, e.g., signal matching, impedance matching, and control of the other solar power units.
• [An electrical power generation unit which is connected to an electrical utility grid may be coupled to an energy storage system. In solar photovoltaic power generation, orientation to the sun can be critical to the power generated in various examples. A solar power generating system includes solar module (or panel), inverter and mounting device. The solar power generating unit can be a standardized design, e.g., a single design for all installation layouts, a few designs for all layouts (“few” can be equal to or less than five or can be equal to or less than three). While the layout at an installation or for each facility is individually designed, the solar power generating unit is a single design or one of the few designs. The layouts of the generating system, as a whole, typically are not duplicated.
• Embodiments of the present invention utilize prefabricated solar modular units, in combination with “quick coupled” or “plug and play” electrical connections between units. A single unit is self sufficient to be either grid connected or supply power through battery storage. Each unit can comprise an entire solar power solution or be quickly and easily combined to provide increased electrical output. Moreover, one of the solar modular units can operate as a master to the other units, which operate as slaves. The master unit can be the last in the connected chain of solar modular unit. All the components for power generation may be included in a single module, such as a quick connect to grid breakers, snow removal device, position change for solar orientation, tilting mechanism for optimum solar orientation, storage, inverter and solar panels. Each prefabricated solar unit is stand alone and has the elements of direct current power (DC Power) and alternate current power (AC Power) integrated that can be grid connected as well as standalone systems to power remote and independent facilities. The unit or module can be prefabricated to interact with a number of existing electrical configurations possibly present at a future installation facility or site. For example, the unit can be configured to interact withsplit phase 120/240V, 3-phase 208V or 3-phase 480/277V. A transformer may be utilized to achieve the adaptations on site. The modules can also include an identification code that forces one unit to be a master and the others to be the slaves to the master unit.
• This invention is both portable and stationery. The portability can be made using a simple wheel and cart approach or trailer (wheels and hitch for pulling behind vehicle) or mounted on a truck bed to deliver to an installation site. The stationery configuration can be made using concrete foundation footings, anchors, ballasts and the likes. The deployable system harvests available solar and is highly adaptive and portable. Most renewable energy systems are developed with a precise location in mind and then designed for optimal harvesting potential for that specific location. This present invention standardizes the entire solar system and can be easily connected and deployed into buildings or traditional brick and mortar structures and also for Forward Operating Bases (FOBS) and Main Operating Bases (MOBs).
• Referring toFIG. 1, aschematic view100 of a solar electrical generation system is shown, according to some embodiments. One or more solar electricalpower source units102 are in electrical contact throughconnection104, such as an adapter. The one ormore units102 may be supported byframe106, such as a movable and adjustable frame. Theunits102 can be connected in series or in parallel, for example. Each unit may include its owndedicated controller112, such as an inverter or a microinverter. In this embodiment, if one unit would malfunction or short out, the controller would prevent the entire string or system of units from going off-line. Theunits102 may be connected to electrical control and regulation components, such asjunction box108 andoptional inverter110. Thecontroller112 can include electrical connections to output electrical power to solar panel maintenance device, e.g., snow removal devices, wipers, cleaners, communication devices, etc. Such an output can be DC power to power DC motors. With an installation of a plurality ofunits102, theunits102 are connected together. In an installation, theunits102 are electrically connected to each other, e.g., a daisy chain or serial connection. Theunits102 can be electrically connected together in a sequence or in a ring. In a further example, some units can be connected in sub-rings with each ring having a master device with such master devices connected together to an installation master unit that will output an electrical signal from the entire group of electricalpower generating units102. Other than a full, single loop, systems which contain internal loops cannot be called daisy chains. In another installation, theunits102 are connected linearly with the master unit being at an end of the line and connected to the power system at the installation site.
• Anoptional meter116 may be positioned between the electrical control devices andelectrical panel114 to monitor electrical generation. The electricity generated by theunits102 may be distributed120 to the facility (e.g., home, dwelling, disaster relief center, business or military installation), to autility grid124 or to anelectrical storage device122. Ameter118 may be positioned in the system to measure electrical distribution to theutility grid124.
• Theadapter105 can be a quick coupling or connect mechanism, outlet or electrical wire and plug, for example. The unit comes with a quick connect mechanism which is an adapter (both female and male) that can be connected through conductors and grounding to utility grid systems. The unit can also be a stand alone system wherein there are outlets in the unit from which the loads can be supplied at the supply voltage and power. Theadapter105 can conform to rules for connection of the male and female pars of the adaptors betweenunits102 and the other electrical connections. Such rules can force a one-way direction of flow of electrical power from one unit to the next unit until the final unit connects to an external electrical system. These adapter connection rules can also simplify the installation of theunits102 and improve safety. Theadapter105 can include a safety enclosure to prevent most people from accessing the electrical connections. The enclosure can further prevent weather from faulting the adapter connection.
• Thecontroller112 can be one as described in U.S. Published Patent Application 2011/0012429, filed Sep. 13, 2010, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. However if the material incorporated by reference conflicts with the present disclosure, the present disclosure controls interpretation of the present application. Thecontroller112 can include at least two power stages, each power stage of the at least two power stages capable of converting DC input power to DC output power; and a controller for dynamically selecting, based on a first DC power, one or more power stages of the at least two power stages for converting the first DC power to a second DC power, for example. Thecontroller112 can dynamically select a flyback mode from a plurality of flyback modes for operating the one or more power stages. The flyback mode may be selected based on an input voltage to the at least two power stages. Additionally, the plurality of flyback modes includes a regular flyback mode and a quasi-resonant flyback mode. Thecontroller112 can also include an output circuit coupled to the at least two power stages for converting the second DC power to AC power.
• Thecontrollers112 of theunits102 can also include a code or identification that labels that controller as either a master device or a slave device. The master controller controls the output from theunits102 to thepanel114 or other load. The master controller can sample the electrical signal at thepanel114 or other load and match the electrical signal from theunits102 to the signal at thepanel114 or load. When theunits102 having the controller are connected together through the adapters, each controller can send its identification code through the connections. The master unit'scontroller112 then registers each of the other units as connected in this installation, which can be a chain as described herein.
• Thecontroller112 on the master unit can sense an output electrical waveform at the controller's adapter, which is the interface to the exterior electrical system. The waveform being sensed is the exterior electrical system waveform and can sense the voltage, frequency and/or the phase. Thecontroller112 can then establish a reference waveform that matches the sensed waveform. Thecontroller112 then controls an output current waveform of the units112 (of the entire installation of units) that track the reference waveform. Thecontroller112 continues to sense the signal from the exterior electrical system and will revise the reference waveform and, hence its output waveform. If there is a significant difference in the reference waveform and the sensed waveform the controller can stop outputting an electrical waveform to reset the reference and maintain a match with the electrical signal to which the unit is connected.
• Themaster controller112 can establish a predetermined current, e.g., a current that will not exceed the rating of the connections, wires, lines, or the exterior electrical system. The output current of the electrical signal from themaster controller112 tracks the predetermined current. The voltage at the adapter that connects the controller to the exterior electrical system is sensed. If the sensed output voltage is outside a set voltage or waveform range, then electrical output from themaster controller112 is interrupted or disconnected from the exterior electrical system, e.g., the utility grid or the building electrical system. Themaster controller112, after the output signal is interrupted, can resume output after a few cycles or seconds of the exterior electrical system. Thecontroller112 can also take into consideration appropriate regulatory requirements, after the grid is reconnected and a sinusoidal voltage is re-imposed at adapter of themaster controller112.
• Thecontroller112 of thesolar units102 can further include other circuitry that operates to provide safety improvements. The circuitry can serve as a bypass circuit for electrical current through an individual solar unit from a second unit to a third unit, which are both electrically connected to theunit102. The circuitry forms a parallel circuit relative to photovoltaic cells. Thecontroller112 can sense when aunit102 is not supplying power and that unit can be bypassed and can send a request for service. In an example, the circuitry can include a power relay selecting between three positions, bypass, power from current photovoltaic cell only, and combining the electrical energy fromupstream units102 and the current unit and outputting same downstream.
• Referring toFIG. 2, aperspective side view200 of a solar electrical generation device is shown, according to some embodiments. Apower unit102 can be mounted onframe202. Theframe202 can be movable, such as by utilizingwheels206 or a trailer frame. A wheeled unit allows ease of delivery to a site as such a wheeled unit can be loaded on to a train bed or truck bed with ease. Wheeled units can also be moved by small vehicles such as trucks, tractors, ATVs, etc. A unit with wheels allows maneuverability at the installation site using common vehicles that can engage a frame, e.g., using a standard hitch connection. Theframe202 can also be weighted so that the device has sufficient weight hold the solar electrical energy producing device in the upright position as shown inFIG. 2. In an example, the legs that extend down to the ground hold over half the weight of the solar electrical energy producing device. Theframe202 can be a standardized frame that holds the photovoltaic panel. In an example, theframe202 can be a fixed frame, which is unfolded or constructed from a kit sent to the installation site. The frame can include pipes, angle iron, box metal or rods. In an example, the frames are all of a single design to standardize the installation of the energy producing unit. The frame can be set in a direction facing the path of the sun, generally parallel to the south when the device is in the northern hemisphere. Theangle204 of the unit in relation to the sun may be adjusted by atilting mechanism210 integrated or attached to theframe202 and connected to the energy generation panel. Thetilting mechanism210 can tilt the face of the photovoltaic panel, e.g., the array of cells, in at least one direction and in an example in two directions. The photovoltaic panel is typically planar and can be tilted in the X-axis, Y-axis, and/or Z-axis in various embodiments. Theframe202 can be set in a fixed position once adjusted or subsequently adjusted numerous times. Asnow removal device208 can be optionally integrated into theframe202 or one or morepower source units102, for example.
• Snow removal device208 can be powered by a hand crank (e.g., a manually powered device). In an example, thesnow removal device208 operates automatically, e.g., non-manually. The snow removal device can be operated by wind power or electrical motor. Thesnow removal device208 can be a blower that uses air flow or air pressure, e.g., compressed air, which removes snow from the face or the electricity-generating panel. Thesnow removal device208 can be a mechanical snow remover, e.g., brush, wiper, bar, cloth or other configuration. If a wiper, brush, cloth or other similar device, the mechanism can move vertically along the face of the panel. In a specific example, the mechanism starts at the top of the panel and then moves vertically down the face of the panel and pushes the snow off the bottom of the panel. In a further example, the mechanism can move horizontally across the unit face to remove snow. A compressed air device can be positioned at one or more perimeters of the unit to force the snow in one or more directions, such as downward. In an example, a heater heats the air output by the blower such that heated air is used to remove the snow from the face of the panel. A heating device, such as heated tape, may be implemented around one or more of the perimeters of the unit to melt snow. Eachsnow removal device208 can be powered directly from the local power grid or the local power system. In another example, thesnow removal device208 is be powered each unit's controller. Thedevices208 can be powered by a system inverter, as an option. By operating the snow removal device, the snow is forced off the panels within a short duration of time. Thesnow removal device208 can be mounted directly on one ormore units102 or on eachframe202, for example. Thesnow removal device208 can be configured to remove snow without touching or scratching the unit face (i.e., panels), such as by brushing or wiping within about 1-2 mm of the surface, without physical contact with the face. In a further example, a track is mounted to the front face of the solar power generating devices and the snow removal devices can travel along the track to remove the snow. The track can be positioned along one edge of the unit so that the track and the snow removal device minimally, if at all, interfere with the sunlight impinging on the unit. In a further example, the track can extend off the front face of the unit to remove the snow removal device from the front face.
• FIG. 3A depicts an electrical power generation unit formed according to an embodiment. The electrical power generation unit includes asolar module3100, for example one or more solar photovoltaic panels, capable of generating electrical power. A means for converting electrical power tousable power3110, depicted schematically inFIG. 3A as power source meter andswitch3110, is coupled to the solarphotovoltaic modules3100. In an example, the means for converting can also operate as master or slave device to control output of a plurality of electrical power generation units. A snow removal mechanism, which is battery operated, hand crank or a wind turbine mechanism to rotate the snow removal device, can be provided on the unit. Other examples of a snow removal device can be used in theFIG. 3A embodiment. The power source meter andswitch3110 is also referred to as the inverter device that converts the DC Power to AC Power.
• The electricalpower generation unit3100 also includes an energy storage system, for example, a rechargeable battery3130 (FIG. 3B) capable of storing electrical power delivered to the energy storage system as stored energy. Other examples for energy storage can also be used, e.g., a mechanical store, a flywheel, and/or a closed cycle fuel cell. Theenergy storage system3130 is furthermore capable of delivering the stored energy in the form of electrical power. In one realization of the instant embodiment, theenergy storage system3130 can have a maximum capacity for the stored energy. In one realization of the instant embodiment, theenergy storage system3130 is capable of delivering a desired amount of electrical power up to a stored energy delivery rate limit. The delivery rate limit can be a function of theunit3100, rate of battery output. In a further example, the rate limit is a function of the load or local power system.
• Electrical power can be delivered from thepower source3100 to anelectrical utility grid3120, depicted schematically inFIG. 3A andFIG. 3B as electrical utility conductor, through a generated power source meter andswitch3110. The generatedpower delivery switch3110 is capable of controlling an amount of electrical power from thepower source3100 delivered to theelectrical utility grid3120. The power delivery switch can be part of a controller at a solar panel unit. Theswitch3110 can be programmed to deliver a power signal that matches the power at the connection point, e.g., electrical power panel at a building or a utility power signal. In an example, theswitch3110 is programmed at a remote location prior to delivery of thepower source3100 to the installation site. The embodiment can also include asecondary power generator3140 to aid in a simulated grid connected system as inFIG. 3C. The purpose of the secondary power generator is to supply grid frequency appropriate for the power source andswitch3110. In an example, theswitch3110 includes circuitry to sample the electrical signal to which it is connected and match the signal output from electrical power generation device, e.g.,power source3100. In a further embodiment, the switch is part of the master controller to control the output signal to a load. The slave type solar panel units can be without a switch.
• The electricalpower generation unit3100 can also include asnow removal device3115 that engages the surface of the photovoltaic panel to remove debris, such as snow, from the surface of the photovoltaic panel. Thesnow removal device3115 can include a wiper that travels on the panel and can include a rubber blade that engages the surface. The wiper may include a cloth that engages the surface. The wiper can pivot from a single point, e.g., the bottom or side of panel. In another example, the wiper extends along then entire width of the panel. The wiper can travel down the photovoltaic panel to remove snow. In an example, the wiper is positioned so that it does not directly contact the surface of the panel but is closely adjacent face, e.g., within a ¼ inch. The snow removal device can, in an example, include a heat source, e.g., a heating tape or a blower that can blow warm air on the face of the photovoltaic panel. Thesnow removal device3115 requires energy to operate. The energy can come from the controller. In another example, the power is supplied from a separate electrical circuit.
• FIG. 4 shows an electricalpower generation system400 with a plurality ofsolar modules401A,401B,401C,401D, and401E mounted to aframe402. While shown as fivesolar modules401A-401E, it will be within the scope of the present invention to provide a single solar module, e.g.,401A, or any plurality of solar modules. Thesolar modules401A-401E are each connected to a controller (not shown inFIG. 4) to output electrical energy, either as direct current or alternating current, preferably in phase with standard utility power or standard building power. Theframe402 can be mobile to orient thesolar modules401A-401E to the position of the sun to increase the efficiency of the generation of electricity from solar energy. In an example, the angle of the front face of the solar module relative to the vertical should be in a range of about 22 degrees to about 68 degrees in Minneapolis, Minn. In Anchorage, Ak., the angle of the front face of the solar module relative to vertical should be in a range of about 6 degrees to about 52 degrees. Depending on the performance desired from thesystem400, the angle of themodules401A-401E can be set for a specific month when energy needs would be greatest as the lower Theframe402 can include members that support thesolar modules401A-401E and are connected to actuators that move the position of thesolar modules401A-401E to track the position of the sun. Theframe402 further includeswheels402 that allow thesystem400 to be moved into place. Thewheels402 can be locked once thesystem400 is in place at its generation location. In a further example, thewheels402 are removed once thesystem400 is positioned in place.
• Asnow removal device415 is positioned on the electricalpower generation system400. In the illustrated example, asnow removal device415 is positioned along a longitudinal side of eachsolar module401A-401E. Thesnow removal device415 can also be positioned along the other (left inFIG. 4) longitudinal side of eachsolar module401A-401E. In other examples, thesnow removal device415 is positioned along the shorter sides of eachsolar module401A-401E. As shown inFIG. 4 the shorter side is along the top or the bottom ofsolar modules401A-401E. If thesnow removal device415 is positioned along the bottom edge of thesolar modules401A-401E, then the snow removal device can include a gutter to direct water away from the remainder of thesnow removal device415 and/or direct the water to a drain and away from thesolar module401A, . . . ,401E, respectively. The controller can control operation of thesnow removal device415 using instructions received from a remote device or from weather information sensed at the location of thesystem400. The controller can also control the electrical energy output of thesystem400, e.g., up to one kilowatt and less than 15 amps.
• FIG. 5 shows an electricalpower generation system500 with a plurality of solar power systems that each include at least onemodule501 mounted to aframe502. Themodule501 can include a plurality of individual solar modules, e.g., themodules401A-401E shown inFIG. 4. Themodules501 can be positioned with the length/defining the face that the solar rays impinge to generate electricity. The face of themodule501 is positioned at an angle relative to the ground and, specifically, relative to the top surface of theframe502. The rear edge of the face of themodule501 is raised to a height h to define the angle between the face and the ground to achieve an efficient receipt of solar rays to the front face of themodule501. As shown inFIG. 5, adjacent rows ofmodules501 should spaced at aspacing distance509 such that a module does not block solar rays to such an extent that efficiency of the rearward module is degraded by any significant extent. This is important in northern climates as the sun is lower in the sky during a larger portion of a day than in southern climates (relative to the northern hemisphere). In the illustrated example, it is desired that the sun rays are not blocked from reaching a subsequent solar module after 10 percent of the daily sunlight passes. Other examples can be less than 10 percent of the daily sunlight passes. With the solar modules having a face length 1 of about 63 inches with the rear edge raised to a height of 44 inches, the solar module will have a shadow length of about 108 inches when the solar modules are positioned at St. Paul, Minn. (approximately latitude 45 degrees, longitude 93 degrees) at about noon on 21 Dec. 2010. The shadow will be slightly increased with the solar modules being mounted on a frame. The solar module placement methods described herein will take into account the specific site for the solar modules, the position with reference to the longitude and latitude, desired peak energy producing days, and the desired energy consumptions days, to determine the layout of the solar modules to achieve maximum efficiency in view of these criteria. The size of the solar modules is also taken into account in the layout processes described in greater detail herein.
• Referring toFIG. 6, a perspective view of modular solar power source units mounted on a frame is shown (seeFIG. 7 for a front view), according to some embodiments. Individual solar electricalpower source units601A-D can be mounted on a frame602 in a position and angle to maximize exposure to the sun on a daily basis (dawn to dusk angle positioning), seasonal basis or both, for example. The frame602 can be trailer or portable unit, such as by utilizingwheels604. The frame602 can be fixed in place by removing thewheels604 or setting a lock mechanism on or near thewheels604. In an example, the frame include leveling jacks (not shown), e.g., at each corner of the frame. The jacks can operate to level the frame or tilt the face of thepower source units601A-601D toward the sun. In a further example, the jacks lift the wheels off the ground to assist in at least semi-permanently fixing the position of the frame and, hence, thepower source units601A-601D.
• A module can be an individual unit or group ofunits615. Frame supports606 and607 position theunits601A-D at the desired angle.Frame bed603 can be horizontally tiltable as well. Theframe bed603 can impart structural rigidity to the frame, either during operation, during transport or both. Theframe bed603 includes components that when connected together provide rigidity between the lateral side members of the frame and between the side and the front or rear support structures of the frame. Additionally, theframe bed603 can support additional equipment, such as thetilting mechanism605, for example. Other additional equipment can include satellite positioning, navigational devices (e.g., Global Positioning System devices), other disaster relief devices and supplies. Amechanism605 for tilting theunits601A-D can be in mechanical contact withsupports606,607.
• Referring toFIG. 8, a flow diagram800 of a method of generating solar electrical power is shown, according to some embodiments. One or more prefabricated solar photovoltaic power source units are selected802. The units are then positioned804 on a movable and adjustable frame. The units are electrically connected806 to each other and to one or more of a utility grid, residence, commercial business or electrical storage device. Solar electrical energy is then generated808 and distributed to one or more of a utility grid, residence, commercial business or electrical storage device.
• Selecting802 can include making a selection according to one or more of the following factors: cost, space, existing electrical support system, position relative to the sun and electrical needs of a facility. The number of units chosen can be initially determined by one or more of these factors. The positioning of the units can be used in selecting the units. As these factors change, one or more additional units or modules may be added to the system with little to no design or re-design costs and minimal installation required.
• Selecting802 can include requesting the quantity of power desired by the ordering customer, for example, over a computing network. Selecting can also include requesting the location of the installation site. The location can be input as a street address and then matched to a database that includes longitude and latitude data that corresponds to the input street address. The selecting process can further access a topographical map of the land at the proposed installation site. Such topographical data and longitudinal/latitudinal data can be stored in a local database in a memory accessible by a computing machine. The selecting can still further access visual images of the installation site, e.g., from GOOGLE™ street view or with satellite imagery. This data can be used in the position step, discussed below. If the selecting step determines that there may be an issue with the selection of the number of solar units as selected by the customer, based on any of this data, the selecting step can alert a person to review the order in essentially real-time, e.g., using electronic communication methods to communicate with the orderer who input information into the computing machine executing instructions for at least part of the selecting step, and remote from the installation site.
• Selecting802 can include determining available incentives for installation of solar energy producing devices and environmentally friendly energy production. The incentives can include rebates from manufacturers or tax incentives (e.g., tax credits) from local, state, of Federal governments. The various incentives can be stored in a database accessible to the order fulfillment computing devices and used to select the appropriate solar modules and devices for installation to maximize the incentives.
• Positioning804 can include mounting or attaching the units to the frame. Positioning804 can also include adjusting an angle of the units in relation to the sun. The tiltable frame mechanism can adjust the units or modules for optimal sun exposure based on time or day, time of year or both.
• In an example, positioning804 can also include calculating in a computing machine, based on the type of the solar power generating unit, the layout of the solar power generating unit(s). The calculating can provide a layout scheme to an installer, who will be at the installation site. The installer need not be trained photovoltaic installer but need only be a technician with reasonable mechanical skills The layout scheme will label the installation order of the solar power generating unit(s) and accessories. The layout scheme will further include the order of leveling and connection of the solar power generating unit(s) and initial testing of the solar power generating unit(s) as a complete install prior to brining the solar power generating unit(s) online with the building power system or the utility grid. If the installation scheme is for disaster relief efforts, then the layout scheme will include advise on checking for debris or flooding possibility and other possible on-site issues that should be reviewed prior to or while installation is being performed.
• Electrically connecting806 includes electrically connecting through an adapter, for example. Adapters can be quick couplings, outlets or electrical plugs. Adapters can be male or female depending on each unit's position in a series or string. In an example, the adapters can connect the solar devices in series or in parallel with an electrical storage device, which can include a capacitor or fuel cell or battery operated storage device.
• FIG. 9 depicts an electricalpower generation unit1100 formed according to an embodiment (see U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2011/0077786, filed Sep. 28, 2009, having the same inventor as the present application, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety). The electricalpower generation unit1100 includes apower source1102, for example one or more solar photovoltaic panels, and/or one or more wind turbines, capable of generating electrical power. A means for measuring the electrical power being generated by thepower source1102, depicted schematically inFIG. 9 aspower source meter1104, is coupled to thepower source1102. In one realization of the instant embodiment, thepower source meter1104 can be electromagnetically coupled to thepower source1102, for example through an air core transformer.
• The electricalpower generation unit1100 also includes anenergy storage system1106, for example, a rechargeable battery, a flywheel, and/or a closed cycle fuel cell, capable of storing electrical power delivered to theenergy storage system1106 as stored energy. Theenergy storage system1106 is capable of delivering the stored energy in the form of electrical power. In one realization of the instant embodiment, theenergy storage system1106 can have a maximum capacity for the stored energy. In an embodiment, theenergy storage system1106 is capable of delivering a desired amount of electrical power up to a stored energy delivery rate limit. A means for measuring an amount of the stored energy in theenergy storage system1106, depicted schematically inFIG. 9 as storedpower meter1108, is coupled to theenergy storage system1106.
• Electrical power can be delivered from thepower source1102 to anelectrical utility grid1110, depicted schematically inFIG. 9 aselectrical utility conductor1110, through a generatedpower delivery switch1112. The generatedpower delivery switch1112 is capable of controlling an amount of electrical power from thepower source1102 delivered to theelectrical utility grid1110. In an embodiment, the generatedpower delivery switch1112 can be capable of limiting the electrical power delivered to theelectrical utility grid1110 to a desired fraction of the power generated by thepower source1102. Electrical power can be delivered from theenergy storage system1106 to theelectrical utility grid1110 through a storedenergy delivery switch1114. The storedenergy delivery switch1114 is capable of controlling an amount of electrical power from theenergy storage system1106 delivered to theelectrical utility grid1110. In an embodiment, the storedenergy delivery switch1114 can be capable of limiting the electrical power delivered to theelectrical utility grid1110 to a desired fraction of the electrical power produced by theenergy storage system1106. Electrical power can be delivered from thepower source1102 to theenergy storage system1106 through atransfer switch1116. Thetransfer switch1116 is capable of controlling an amount of electrical power from thepower source1102 delivered to theenergy storage system1106. In an embodiment, thetransfer switch1116 may be capable of limiting the electrical power delivered to theenergy storage system106 to a desired fraction of the power generated by thepower source1102.
• The electricalpower generation unit1100 further includes a netmetering control apparatus1118. The netmetering control apparatus1118 is coupled to thepower source meter1104, and is capable of reading a value of thepower source meter1104 representative of the amount of power being generated by thepower source1102. Similarly, the netmetering control apparatus1118 is coupled to the storedpower meter1108, and is capable of reading a value of the storedpower meter1108 representative of the energy stored in theenergy storage system1106. In an embodiment, the netmetering control apparatus1118 can be wirelessly coupled to thesource meter1104 and/or the storedpower meter1108. The netmetering control apparatus1118 is further coupled to the generatedpower delivery switch1112, the storedenergy delivery switch1114 and thetransfer switch1116, and is configured to independently control the generatedpower delivery switch112, the storedenergy delivery switch1114 and thetransfer switch1116. The netmetering control apparatus1118 is capable of adjusting the generatedpower delivery switch1112, the storedenergy delivery switch1114 and thetransfer switch1116 based on the values read from thepower source meter1104 and the storedpower meter1108 so that a total amount of electrical power from thepower source1102 and theenergy storage system1106 to theelectrical utility grid1110 does not exceed a prescribed power limit. In an embodiment, the netmetering control apparatus1118 is capable of adjusting thetransfer switch1116 so that power generated by thepower source1102 above the prescribed power limit may be delivered to theenergy storage system1106. The netmetering control apparatus118 may incorporate computing circuitry, a computer or other electronic controller.
• The netmetering control apparatus1118 can further include circuitry to monitor the electrical signals at theelectrical utility grid1110 supplied with electrical energy by either the stored and match the output electrical signal to the signal on the signal at the grid or load. The netmetering control apparatus1118 can further include circuitry to match the output signal to a load other than thegrid1110. The load can be an electrical motor, AC alternator, or other electricity user. In an example for North America, the sine wave signal local to the solar module or thenet metering apparatus1118, e.g., atgrid1110,switch1112,switch1114 orswitch1116 is sampled. The average frequency for this sine wave is 60 Hz. The output to the grid is matched to the sine wave. The circuitry can include a sniffer circuit that detects the phase and voltage of the signal on the grid. The circuitry can further include a reference oscillator circuit to actively control frequency and power output to achieve the desired line voltage and frequency to match the grid signal.
• It will be recognized that the load on the grid may periodically change in frequency, current draw and/or voltage, thenet metering apparatus1118 can sense these changes and change the output signal to the grid. In another example, the grid is a DC load and thenet metering apparatus1118 will match the power needed but need not match the frequency. Thenet metering apparatus1118 can also convert DC power stored in theenergy storage system1106 can be converted to an AC signal to match the signal on thegrid1110.
• FIG. 10 is flowchart of a net metering process for controlling electrical power flow in an electrical power generation unit as described in reference toFIG. 9. The net metering process begins withstep2200, reading thepower source meter1104 to obtain a value representative of the amount of electrical power being generated by thepower source1102. In an example, the reading is performed by the net metering apparatus1118 (FIG. 9). At2200, the signal at the load of thegrid1110 can be determined. Atstep2202, it is determined if the amount of power being generated by thepower source1102 is above the prescribed power limit. In an embodiment, there may exist a lower reimbursement rate for electrical power delivered to theelectrical utility grid1110 above the prescribed power limit compared to power delivered below the prescribed limit.
• If the result ofstep2202 is yes,step2204 is executed, which can, e.g., be performed at the netmetering control apparatus1118 to turn off the storedenergy delivery switch1114 if it is in an “ON” state. If the storedenergy delivery switch1114 is already in an “OFF” state, execution ofstep2204 entails maintaining the storedenergy delivery switch114 in the OFF state.
• Step2206 is executed, which is the netmetering control apparatus1118 to adjust the generatedpower delivery switch1112 and thetransfer switch1116 so that power delivered to theelectrical utility grid1110 does not exceed the prescribed power limit. In one realization of the instant embodiment, execution ofstep2206 may include adjusting thetransfer switch1116 so that power from thepower source1102 above the prescribed power limit is delivered to theenergy storage system1106. In an example and atstep2206, the signal output from the solar power generation is matched to the electrical signal at the load or grid based on frequency. In alternate realizations of the instant embodiment, steps2204 and2206 may be executed in any order.
• If the result ofstep2202 is NO,step2208 is executed, which is the netmetering control apparatus1118 to adjust the generatedpower delivery switch1112, the storedenergy delivery switch1114 and thetransfer switch1116 so that total power from thepower source1102 and theenergy storage system1106 delivered to theelectrical utility grid1110 does not exceed the prescribed power limit. In one realization of the instant embodiment, execution ofstep2208 may include turning off thetransfer switch116.
• Afterstep2206 orstep2208 is executed, the net metering process is ended. The net metering process may be repeated as frequently as desired to obtain a desired level of performance from the electricalpower generation unit1100.
• FIG. 11 depicts a system of ordering, according to some embodiments. A customer places110 an order via a webpage on the Internet, over the phone or in person. The customer supplies the amount of space available1105, thepower requirements1107 or both. A product or number of units or modules is then selected1109 based on the customer supplied information. Additionally, the product is selected1109 in consideration of local laws orregulations1111,peak power requirements1113, existing electrical infrastructure at the facility orlocation1115 or some combination of these factors are considered. A location consideration is whether to install a snow removal device (e.g.,device3115 ofFIG. 3 ordevice208 ofFIG. 2), based on the average temperature and precipitation of the location site.
• The product is then installed1117 at the location according to an installation layout.Orientation1119 of the units or modules is adjusted and snow removal device installed1121 if desirable. If the location is a disaster site,1123 many of the considerations and decisions may be made at the install site depending on the conditions and resources available. The installation layout can include a designation indicating the local for specific ones of the solar power, electricity generating units.
• FIG. 12 shows a diagrammatic representation of a computing device for a machine in the example electronic form of acomputer system1400, within which a set of instructions for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein can be executed. Thecomputer system1400 can be used to receive information about a proposed installation of solar energy units as described herein. Thecomputer system1400 can process these orders to determine an efficient installation layout and, if needed, determine the number of units and accessory equipment required for installation. In various example embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device or can be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine can operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine can be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a portable music player (e.g., a portable hard drive audio device such as an Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3 (MP3) player, a web appliance, a network router, a switch, a bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.
• Theexample computer system1400 includes a processor or multiple processors1402 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or both), and amain memory1404 and astatic memory1406, which communicate with each other via abus1408. Thecomputer system1400 can further include a video display unit1410 (e.g., a liquid crystal displays (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). Thecomputer system1400 also includes an alphanumeric input device1412 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device1414 (e.g., a mouse), adisk drive unit1416, a signal generation device1418 (e.g., a speaker) and anetwork interface device1420.
• Thedisk drive unit1416 includes a computer-readable medium1422 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., instructions1424) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. Theinstructions1424 can also reside, completely or at least partially, within themain memory1404 and/or within theprocessors1402 during execution thereof by thecomputer system1400. Themain memory1404 and theprocessors1402 also constitute machine-readable media.
• Theinstructions1424 can further be transmitted or received over anetwork1426 via thenetwork interface device1420 utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), CAN, Serial, or Modbus).
• While the computer-readable medium1422 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that causes the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present application, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures utilized by or associated with such a set of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media, and carrier wave signals. Such media can also include, without limitation, hard disks, floppy disks, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memory (RAMs), read only memory (ROMs), and the like.
• The example embodiments described herein can be implemented in an operating environment comprising computer-executable instructions (e.g., software) installed on a computer, in hardware, or in a combination of software and hardware. The computer-executable instructions can be written in a computer programming language or can be embodied in firmware logic. If written in a programming language conforming to a recognized standard, such instructions can be executed on a variety of hardware platforms and for interfaces to a variety of operating systems. Although not limited thereto, computer software programs for implementing the present method can be written in any number of suitable programming languages such as, for example, Hyper text Markup Language (HTML), Dynamic HTML, Extensible Markup Language (XML), Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL), Document Style Semantics and Specification Language (DSSSL), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL), Wireless Markup Language (WML), Java™, Jini™, C, C++, Perl, UNIX Shell, Visual Basic or Visual Basic Script, Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML), ColdFusion™ or other compilers, assemblers, interpreters or other computer languages or platforms.
• FIG. 13 illustrates anexample environment1300, within which information reporting can be implemented. As shown inFIG. 13, theexample environment1300 comprises at least one solar power generatingenergy unit1320, which can, in turn, include an installedmonitoring system1325. Themonitoring system1325 can collect, store, receive, (and possibly process) and transmit various information related to the solar generatingenergy unit1325. Themonitoring system1325 can integrate a GPS transceiver, cellular/satellite transceiver, local wireless technology, and/or various computing technologies into a single data processing system. Themonitoring system1325 can sense weather conditions, sense events, sense operating data for the solar energy unit, send data and messages from the solarpower energy unit1320 to a monitoring system service provider1350 running software specifically designed to process this type of information. Themonitoring system1325 can process information and make decisions on maintenance of the solar energy unit. Themonitoring system1325 can also receive messages sent from the monitoring system service provider1350.
• Theenvironment1300 can include asatellite network1340 and/or acellular network1330, both of which can be utilized for transmitting and receiving operational data to and from themonitoring system1325. Thenetwork1330 can also be a short range wireless network used by computer systems. Thesatellite network1330 and/or thecellular network1330 can also receive and transmit the positional and operational data from a monitoring system service provider1350. The monitoring system service provider1350 can include dedicated circuitry or a general purpose computer configurable to make the information collected at themonitoring system1325 available through an open architecture interface, such as an Application Programming Interface (API). Theenvironment1300 can also include a computer network or otherelectrical communication network1310. Thenetwork1310 can be a network of data processing nodes that are interconnected for the purpose of data communication (e.g., a global computer network, such as the Internet).
• The monitoring system provider1350 is communicatively coupled to thenetwork1310. Amonitoring system processor1315, illustrated within theenvironment1300, can be communicatively coupled to thenetwork1310 as well. Themonitoring system processor1315 can be utilized to access and pull the positional and operational data associated with the solar energy unit(s)1320 via the open architecture interface. Various communication protocols (e.g., Web Services) can be utilized in the communications occurring between themonitoring system processor1315 and the monitoring system service provider1350. The monitoring system service provider1350 can utilize intelligent data processing as well as software to make the information available via thenetwork1310.
• While as illustrated as two separated systems, in an example, the monitoring system provider1350 and themonitoring system processor1315 can be integrated and communication between the two systems occur as theunit1320 is being monitored.
• Themonitoring system processor1315 can be communicatively coupled to adatabase1310, in which themonitoring system processor1315 can periodically store results after processing of the information received from the monitoring system provider1350. Themonitoring system processor1315 can include various modules, which can include hardware, software or combinations thereof. The modules of themonitoring system processor1315 can be utilized to perform various operations discussed herein.
• Themonitoring system processor1315 is optionally associated with anoperator1370 operating themonitoring system processor1315 via acomputer1360. Thecomputer1360 can include a Graphical User Interface (GUI) facilitating display and manipulation of themonitoring system processor1315. Thecomputer1360 can also enable theoperator1370 to view and manipulatereports1382 that can be used to manage and monitor one or more of the solar energy units associated with the authorized user. The monitoring computer can be remote and the graphics being displayed can be over a computer network. The reports can relate to the solar energy unit usage, performance, efficiency, location of unit, position of the photovoltaic panel relative to the sun's path. Thereports1382 can include an electrical energy production report. Thereports1382 can include a weather report. Thereports1382 can also include a maintenance report. The maintenance report can include a record of thesolar energy unit1320 maintenance history.
• Themonitoring system processor1315 can provide thereports1382 to an authorizeduser1390 via thenetwork1310. The authorizeduser1390 can view thereports1382 using ageneral purpose computer1380 or any other device providing an ability to view thereports1382. In some example embodiments, themonitoring system processor1315 can send copies of thereports1382 to the authorizeduser1390 attached or embedded in a body of an electronic email. Thereports1382 are based on the information initially provided by themonitoring system1325.
• FIG. 13 shows a data communication system that couples the various devices together and can be used to control maintenance of solar energy units, snow removal operation, confirm installation data, and/or perform any of the methods or processes described herein. Thenetwork1310 is a communication network, for example a global computer network, and in an example is preferably the Internet, but can be any network capable of communicating data between devices can be used with the present system. In addition to the Internet, suitable networks can also include or interface with any one or more of, for instance, an local intranet, a PAN (Personal Area Network), a LAN (Local Area Network), a WAN (Wide Area Network), a MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), a virtual private network (VPN), a storage area network (SAN), a frame relay connection, an Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) connection, a synchronous optical network (SONET) connection, a digital T1, T3, E1 or E3 line, Digital Data Service (DDS) connection, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) connection, an Ethernet connection, an ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) line, a dial-up port such as a V.90, V.34 or V.34 bis analog modem connection, a cable modem, an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) connection, or an FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) or CDDI (Copper Distributed Data Interface) connection. Furthermore, communications can also include links to any of a variety of wireless networks, including WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) or TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), cellular phone networks, GPS (Global Positioning System), CDPD (cellular digital packet data), RIM (Research in Motion, Limited) duplex paging network, Bluetooth radio, or an IEEE 802.11-based radio frequency network. Thenetwork110 can further include or interface with any one or more of an RS-232 serial connection, an IEEE-1394 (Firewire) connection, a Fiber Channel connection, an IrDA (infrared) port, a SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) connection, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connection or other wired or wireless, digital or analog interface or connection, mesh or Digi® networking.
• The above disclosure refers to position navigation systems and Global Positioning System (GPS). It is within the scope of the present invention to use other types of navigational positioning systems. Other systems can include Beidou, COMPASS, Galileo, GLONASS, Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS), or QZSS. Moreover, these systems can use Real Time Kinematic (RTK) satellite navigation to provide the real-time corrections of the positioning signal down to a meter or centimeter level of accuracy. The systems can also use differential correction signals in North American from the FAA's WAAS satellites. Accordingly, references herein solely to GPS should be read to as general position navigation systems.
• Examples as described herein can provide an improved method and system to provide electricity from solar energy. The standardization of the individual modules (e.g., solar units) simplifies the installation and can provide automated layouts that can be efficiently installed. The individual modules can be less than three models. In an example, there is only one module that has a controller, which can operate as an interconnect between other like modules and at least one controller operates as an interface to the external circuitry, e.g., utility grid or site electrical systems.
• The controller as described herein matches the output from the solar energy units to the load. The controller can match the output to a split phase, 3 phase (208 volt 480 volt, or 277 volt), 120 Volt/single phase, or switching between any of these power forms. Other power forms can also be sensed and matched.
• The present disclosure shows a modular, portable solar energy unit that is mounted to a frame. The units are standardized so that installation is easy. The frame can be mounted on wheels that allow the unit to move. In a further example, the frame, and hence the solar unit, can be delivered on a truck bed in a manner similar to that shown in US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0132353 titled TRANSPORTABLE MULTI-CONFIGURABLE SELF-BALLASTED MODULAR SOLAR POWER UNIT, which is hereby incorporated by reference unless the incorporation by reference conflicts with the present explicit disclosure herein. In various examples, any such power unit would include various features disclosed herein, including but not limited to a controller and the ability to plug and play, e.g., connect and deploy, a plurality of solar power units in daisy chain configuration with one connection from the plurality of solar power units to the grid power or the building power.
• Although embodiments have been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes can be made to these example embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

Claims (20)

1. A solar electrical power generation device, the device comprising:

one or more solar photovoltaic power source units;

one or more inverters, and

one or more quick coupling adapters, in electrical contact with each of the one or more units;

wherein each unit is capable of electrically connecting to other units in series, in parallel, or both.

2. The solar electrical power generation device ofclaim 1, wherein each quick coupling adaptor comprises one or more male adaptor and one or more female adaptor.

3. The solar electrical power generation device ofclaim 1, wherein each module is capable of independently generating solar electrical energy and distributing the energy to a utility grid or as a stand-alone system.

4. The solar electrical power generation device ofclaim 1, further comprising one or more controllers capable of sensing and controlling individual unit power output.

5. The solar electrical power generation device ofclaim 1, further comprising a frame.

6. The solar electrical power generation device ofclaim 1, wherein each of the one or more solar photovoltaic power source units comprises one or more solar photovoltaic panels.

7. The solar electrical power generation device ofclaim 1, further comprising an electrical storage device capable of storing electrical power generated from the one or more power source units.

8. A solar power module system, comprising:

a plurality of solar power modules, wherein each module includes:

one or more solar photovoltaic power source units, and

an electrical quick coupling adapter in electrical contact with each of the one or more units and capable of electrically connecting each module to other modules in series, in parallel, or both.

9. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, wherein each module is capable of independently generating solar electrical energy and distributing the energy to a utility grid or as a stand-alone system.

10. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, further comprising one or more controllers.

11. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, wherein one solar power module is a designated controller to control the system power output.

12. The solar power module system ofclaim 11, wherein the designated controller controls the system power output by one or more of signal matching, impedance matching, controlling one or more other solar power units.

13. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, wherein the electrical adapter of at least one module includes an inverter.

14. The solar power module system ofclaim 13, wherein the inverter outputs an electrical signal that simulates a grid connection.

15. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, further comprising an electrical storage device, wherein the electrical storage device includes one or more of a capacitor, a fuel cell, or a battery.

16. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, wherein the plurality of solar power modules are connected in a ring.

17. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, wherein the plurality of solar power modules are connected in one or more sub-rings.

18. The solar power module system ofclaim 17, wherein one or more sub-rings comprise a master device.

19. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, further comprising a frame, supporting at least one module.

20. The solar power module system ofclaim 8, wherein each of the one or more solar photovoltaic power source units comprises one or more solar photovoltaic panels.

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