US20140180754A1

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Publication number: US20140180754A1
Application number: US14/138,696
Authority: US
Inventors: Emmanuel Arbogast
Original assignee: Open Text SA
Current assignee: Open Text SA
Priority date: 2005-07-12
Filing date: 2013-12-23
Publication date: 2014-06-26
Also published as: US8429527B1; US8645175B1

Abstract

A system and method of processing a flow of information may include capturing information for use by a workflow system, the information including internal content that is internal to the workflow system and external content that is external to the workflow system. The method may further include analyzing the internal content and the external content to determine metadata parameters for the captured information; associating the captured information with a process based at least in part on the metadata parameters; processing the captured information in accordance with the process associated therewith to thereby produce output data; formatting the output data into formatted output that conforms to an external system communicatively connected to the computer, the external system having fidelity and quality requirements for a delivery method; and delivering the formatted output to a recipient using the delivery method.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/486,398, filed Jul. 12, 2006, entitled “WORKFLOW SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SINGLE CALL BATCH PROCESSING OF COLLECTIONS OF DATABASE RECORDS,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/698,678, filed Jul. 12, 2005, entitled “COMPLEX DATA MERGING, SUCH AS IN A VECTOR-BASED WORKFLOW APPLICATION,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/698,700, filed Jul. 12, 2005, entitled “WORKFLOW SYSTEMS.” All applications listed in this paragraph are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

Workflow technologies are often used to manage and monitor business processes. For example, workflow technologies allow users to efficiently define and track processes that involve work spanning multiple individuals and/or departments within an organization (or even across organizations). Existing workflow technologies often allow users to automate a range of tasks, which are often dependent on large amounts of specific information. Accordingly, executing a task may involve performing functions (sometimes repeatedly) on large sets of input data.

In general, tasks are created to perform a single or limited set of functions and then combined with other tasks as part of larger processes. Some high-level examples of task functions include retrieving data from a data store, retrieving data from an external application, sending data to a data store, sending data to an external application, reformatting input data to output data, transforming (computing) data from input to output, deriving new data from input data, relating multiple input streams of data with respect to each other, etc. As a practical example, workflow tasks may be responsible for notifying employees of pending work orders. Likewise, workflow tasks may enable managers to efficiently observe status and route approvals quickly.

Because the demand for workflow technology is high, there are many types of workflow technologies on the market. Most workflow technologies are generally comprised of a package of several software components that provide functionality in areas of both workflow design and workflow execution. In terms of workflow design, these software components sometimes include workflow diagramming functionality having a workspace or canvas used to create workflow diagrams (e.g., specify the placement of tasks and pipes, which define the sequence and flow of information between tasks in a workflow). In facilitating workflow design, the software components of workflow technologies often allow a user to specify parameters and business rules to guide the flow of control, the flow of data, and the functions of tasks. In addition to facilitating the design of workflows, the software components of typical workflow technologies also facilitate the initiation, evaluation, and review of workflows (sometimes called “workflow models”).

In terms of executing workflows, typical workflow technologies include processing capabilities that manage the flow of information along the pipes between tasks, apply business rules to direct the execution path and data at pipe junctions, ensure data is passed as input to tasks, ensure user parameter metadata is provided to tasks, monitor and propagate error status of the tasks and pipes, and save and restore job context between sessions. However, existing workflow technologies are often limited in the way that they execute tasks. For example, they typically operate by reading input data one record at a time (with each record limited to similarly shaped data), applying a task (function) to the data, and outputting modified data after performing the task, one record at a time. In other words, in most workflow systems, each task within a workflow inputs, processes, and outputs a single record prior to processing a subsequent record. In such systems, scalability is achieved by invoking parallel instances of a task, although each instance still incurs the individual memory and computational overhead.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an environment in which a workflow facility having vector-based characteristics may be implemented.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example implementation of a supporting architecture for implementing an embodiment of the workflow facility.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing more general computing components that can be used to implement the workflow facility ofFIG. 1 and the supporting architecture ofFIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a data flow/block diagram showing aspects of assembling input data for use in a vector-based workflow facility.

FIG. 5 is data flow/block diagram showing aspects of assembling output data resulting from processing in a vector-based workflow facility.

FIG. 6 is a data flow/block diagram illustrating an example of joining or merging data for use by a task of a workflow facility.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing a high-level vector-based workflow process performed at the workflow facility.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing a routine performed by a workflow action utilizing vector-based data inputs to complete a step in a workflow model.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram showing a routine performed by an adapter module in performing processing in association with vector-based data inputs used to complete a step in a workflow model.

In the drawings, the same reference numbers identify identical or substantially similar elements or acts. To facilitate the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced (e.g.,element204 is first introduced and discussed with respect toFIG. 2).

A portion of this disclosure contains material to which a claim for copyright is made. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or patent disclosure (including Figures), as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but reserves all other copyright rights whatsoever.

DETAILED DESCRIPTIONI. Overview

A software system or facility allows for the efficient creation and management of workflows and other customizable processes that define a sequence of tasks or steps performed to reach a common goal (e.g., a common business goal). Each of these tasks or steps is typically dependent on information that the workflow application imports, derives, modifies, or exports. For example, to complete a task or step, the workflow facility may access input needed to complete the task, perform processing on the input (which may include applying rules, performing calculations or data manipulations, or executing processes dependent on the input), and then, where appropriate, produce an output relating to the task or step (or possibly an output that may be used in completing a subsequent task or step).

Execution of a task or step may depend on the workflow facility having the capability to perform processing on multiple records for the purpose of creating new data for delivery as output. To further this purpose, the workflow facility described herein is configured to handle a single input unit comprising an entire collection (or vector) of records (in addition to being able to handle input comprising only a single record). This vector-based record handling functionality is integrated into the infrastructure of the workflow application architecture. For example, the workflow facility may invoke a workflow action in association with performing a task or step. This single invocation of the workflow action operates within a runtime environment provided by the workflow facility. Because it is configured to access and work on vectors/collections of records (as well as single records), only a single invocation of the workflow action is needed to execute a task or step. This prevents the workflow facility from incurring the overhead associated with invoking multiple instances of a workflow action to complete a task or step that relies on a collection of records for its execution. Further, the vector-based design of the workflow facility does not require recoding or the like to achieve scalability.

Various components of the workflow facility, including components that operate within a runtime environment provided by the facility, perform processing of the collection of records so that the step from the workflow model can be completed. An example of such a component is an adapter module, which communicates with an invoked workflow action. The adapter module may have both a data handling component (e.g., a connector proxy) and a data processing component (e.g., a device connector). In some embodiments, the data handling component receives/retrieves units of input (e.g., each comprising a collection of records), receives metadata parameters, manages queues of processing requests, and manages the parsing of a collection of records into a set of individual records. The data processing component performs a specialized function/task on a given data set (e.g., a single record).

II. Example System Architecture

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of asystem environment100 in which aspects of the workflow facility, which is configured for vector-based records handling, can be implemented. Thesystem environment100 may include various components, thereby allowing the workflow facility to perform various processes. Examples of such processes may includeinformation capture processes102,information analysis processes104,information processing processes106,information formatting processes108,information delivery processes110, etc.

The workflow facility'sinformation capture processes102 are used to retrieve information for use by the workflow facility in performing various actions. In particular, the workflow facility's information capture processes are equipped to handle vector-based input comprising collections of records. Such collections may typically be expressed in the form of document schema written in XML. Table A below shows an example of an XML schema for two XML documents. Table A is derived from the XML schema and record types fat each document. In this example, <invoices> and <users> are the record types, respectively. Each column conforms to a specific record type derived from the XML schema for each document.

	TABLE A

	<invoices>	<users>
	<invoice>	<user>
	UserID + Invoice data	UserID + Invoice data
	</invoice>	</user>
	<invoice>	<user>
	UserID + Invoice data	UserID + Invoice data
	</invoice>	</user>
	. . .	. . .
	</invoices>	</users>

Table B below illustrates an XML output schema. The left-hand column of the table shows the output schema when the customer XML document is the parent document and the right-hand column of the table shows the output schema when the invoices XML document is the parent. InvoiceData and UserData are the contents of the <invoice> and <user> elements, respectively. Such contents may themselves be elements or text, depending on the hierarchy described by the schema.

	TABLE B

	User is the parent record	Invoice is the parent record

	<user>	<Invoice>
	InvoiceData	UserData
	InvoiceData	</Invoice>
	. . .	<Invoice>
	</user>	UserData
	<user>	</Invoice>
	. . .	. . .
	</user>
	. . .

In some embodiments involving the merging of information from more than two input components that form hierarchical relationships, the workflow facility identifies relationships among the input components having contents to be merged using a single root/parent document that defines a top-level sequence. In such cases, aside from the parent document, any subsequent documents involved in the merge are directly or indirectly children of the parent. The children may define their relationships with only their closest parent. Multiple children may share the same parent, but a child does not have a direct relationship with a grandparent. To illustrate this using the XML documents from the example given in Table B, the customer information includes a city ID. The city information may then be obtained from another XML document with city records (also having a city ID field). However, in this particular example, the joining of this information may be independent of the joining of the invoice information with the customer information.

Other sample cases include the following: In the case where only one input is used, there is no join involved since the single document is the root document. Where two documents are related purely by the order of the records in the document, it may be possible to use an implicit key relationship comprising the row number, even though the row number is not an explicit field in either record. The workflow facility may also use literal/scalar values instead of collections where a value is replicated as often as needed (e.g., a single message to be sent to all recipients of a notification). Other samples of schema that may be produced by the workflow facility are shown in Tables C and D below. In particular, Tables C and D show examples of XML that is passed from a custom action to an adapter (components of the workflow facility that are described in more detail with respect toFIG. 2). Table C shows an example of XML for a single input document.

	TABLE C

	<\|-- Single Input − Invoices as Document -->
	<JobRequestParameters>
	<OutputDestination>C:\folder</OutputDestination>
	<ReportFormat>PDF</ReportFormat>
	<OutputPrefix> FileName</OutputPrefix>
	</JobRequestParameters>
	<TaskParameters>
	<TaskParameter taskParameterID=“43493fecf”>
	UserID + Invoice data
	</TaskParameter>
	<TaskParameter taskParameterID=“63495fefa”>
	UserID + Invoice data
	</TaskParameter>
	...
	</TaskParameters>

Table D shows an XML example of two input documents that have been joined.

	TABLE D

	<\|-- Merged Input − Invoices as Parent Document, Users as Child
	Document -->
	<JobRequestParameters>
	<OutputDestination>C:\folder</OutputDestination>
	<ReportFormat>PDF</ReportFormat>
	<OutputPrefix>FileName</OutputPrefix>
	</JobRequestParameters>
	<TaskParameters>
	<TaskParameter taskParameterID=“83c93cecf”>
	UserID + Invoice data + user data
	</TaskParameter>
	<TaskParameter taskParameterID=“13c93c6ce”>
	UserID + Invoice data + user data
	</TaskParameter>
	...
	</TaskParameters>

More generally, in performing information capture processes102, the workflow facility may identify and capture content fromvarious input sources112 which may include common business applications (e.g., systems such as Great Plains software, SAP applications, etc.). Examples of content captured from theinput sources112 includedocuments114,applications116, and processes118. In general, the workflow facility is configured to capture both content that is internal to the workflow facility and content that is external to the workflow facility and to represent it in a form, such as an XML document schema, for processing by the workflow application.

The workflow facility's information analysis processes104 are used to manage and organize captured information so that the captured information can be handled most appropriately by the workflow facility during processing. For example, in performing information analysis processes104, the workflow facility may identify or categorize the captured content (e.g., identify it as a purchase order, an invoice, etc.) and then associate the content with an appropriate business process. Accordingly, the information analysis processes104 allow the workflow facility to effectively handle a wide variety of content and data. In some embodiments, the information analysis processes104 are implemented using one or more transformation engines134 (shown as part of a supporting architecture132), which perform processing associated with data analysis, data relationship rule application, sorting, filtering, data manipulation, etc.

The workflow facility's information analysis processes104 are often followed by processing processes106. The processing of captured content using the processing processes106 may include transforming aspects of data from the captured content into a standard format such as XML. As described in more detail with respect toFIG. 2, when dealing with vector-based inputs (e.g., collections of records vs. single records), the processing processes may be implemented, at least in part, via the use of one or more adapter components. In some embodiments, the processing processes106 are implemented using one or more adapters136 (shown as part of the supporting architecture132).

To allow delivery of different types of output to different types of systems, output resulting from the processing processes106 may be formatted by one or more formatting processes108. For example, the formatting processes108 may use a template approach to format output data so that it conforms to an external system or so that it meets fidelity and quality requirements for a particular delivery method to be used.

The workflow facility may rely ondelivery processes110 that allow formatted output to be delivered to an intended recipient. Such delivery processes110 may be associated with various delivery methods (e.g., fax, email, print, web (HTML, XML), Wireless (SMS for mobile devices), etc.) The delivery processes110 may be configured to work with technologies capable of high-volume, simultaneous multi-channel delivery, making communication with customers, partners, suppliers, and employees more personalized and cost-effective. For example, one delivery process may be associated with automatically sending out large number of emails or faxes in single batches. In some embodiments, delivery may include delivery to a process or even delivery to a data store.

The vector-based workflow processing performed by the workflow facility, which is described in more detail with respect toFIGS. 4-9, may rely on a combination of the processes described above (102-110). The various components that make up the workflow facility and enable it to perform various processes, including the processes described above (102-110), include a delivery rulesengine128, adesign environment130, and various aspects of supportingarchitecture132. For example, the delivery rulesengine128 performs tasks associated with data acquisition and identification, functional processing, output preparation, formatting, and delivery. Accordingly, the delivery rulesengine128 may provide support for many of the processes associated with the workflow facility, including intelligent routing between the information capture processes102, the information analysis processes104, the information processing processes106, the information formatting processes108, and the information delivery processes110. Examples of different types of output data that result from the workflow facility's processing processes106 includedocuments122,applications124, and processes126.

Thedesign environment130 generally serves as an interface for administrators of the workflow facility (including both software developers and individuals with more basic programming skills). For example, the design environment provides various design, management, reporting, and administration tools/functionality. The features of thedesign environment130 may enable developers to open an existing model, start with a blank model design canvas, or optionally use a predefined model created externally (e.g., a Visio diagram) to start development. In this way, administrators can customize the workflow facility for the needs of a particular organization. The creation of a workflow model may include designing custom actions to be performed by the workflow facility, designing custom end-user interfaces, and specifyingcustom input sources112 and outputs120. Thedesign environment130 may also provide aspects of one or more end-user interfaces that are configured for users who do not have programming skills.

An underlying supportingarchitecture132 provides a hardware and software framework for implementing the facility. An example implementation of the supportingarchitecture132 is described in more detail with respect toFIG. 2, which is a block diagram showing various sample implementation details for the supportingarchitecture132 ofFIG. 1. In particular,FIG. 2 focuses on aspects of the supporting architecture used during runtime while processing tasks using vector-based inputs (collections of records).

One runtime-based component of the supportingarchitecture132 includes aworkflow action202. Theworkflow action202 may be implemented via a segment of executable code that, for example, runs locally in a server space provided by the workflow facility. The workflow action (e.g., a default object called Task) is also sometimes extended by executable code for a custom action or custom activity. In some embodiments, theworkflow action202 is invoked by the workflow facility each time a step needs to be performed in association with a workflow model that the workflow facility is currently executing/performing. Theworkflow action202 binds data (e.g., arguments) from existing input documents (e.g., XML documents) to some type of formal input, such as an input schema. In the vector-based workflow system, these input documents comprise collections of records (as opposed to single records used as inputs in most workflow applications). The formal input (e.g., in the form of a collection of records) can then be used in association with theworkflow action202 making a call to an adapter component204 (or group of adapter components), which performs the actual work associated with the step from the workflow model. Communication between theworkflow action202 and theadapters204 can take place through afirewall208. The communication itself can be implemented, for example, using .Net remoting, with soap or Microsoft proprietary binary format, over TCP/IP. In an alternative embodiment, theadapter204 may be exposed to theworkflow action202 as a web service.

Each call to an adapter contains a job request comprising a collection of task requests. Such task requests may specify operations to capture and bind documents to the workflow and to access the XML schema for such documents. Both job requests and task requests have parameters (e.g., composed of XML fragments). Accordingly, eachadapter204 is configured to handle both jobs (collections of tasks) and tasks (individual tasks). Eachadapter204 may be specific to a designated function. Examples of different types ofadapters204 include adapters for data capture, adapters for report generation, and adapters for information delivery (e.g., email adapter, fax adapter, SMS adapter, etc.). In some embodiments, eachadapter204 is hosted inside a unique Windows service. For example, a Service Control Manager (SCM) can be used to start or stop each adapter process. Eachadapter204 has two primary components, a connector proxy/data handler212 and a device connector/data processor214. The device connector/data processor214 may be generic (i.e., the same across all adapters associated with the facility) except that it includes a uniquetask performer component216, which provides the specialized task-processing capabilities associated with each adapter204 (e.g., generate report vs. send batch email). The device connector/data processor214, through thespecialized task performer216, is, thus, responsible for processing a specific type of individual task one task at a time.

The connector proxy/data handler component212 of the adapter is responsible for processing all external requests at the job request level and managing anadapter database206. For example, when a job request is received by anadapter204, the connector proxy/data handler may be responsible for initially causing a job request and associated task requests to be stored in theadapter database206 upon receipt, fetching a next task request from theadapter database206, and calling the device connector/data processor214 (which includes the specialized task performer216) to process a task when appropriate. In this way, thetask performer216 may receive both job parameters and task parameters each time a task is processed.

Because it is not itself required to conduct processing in association with specialized tasks, the connector proxy/data handler212 may be generic. The connector proxy/data handler212 may also be responsible for composing the final job result (to be returned to the workflow action) when all tasks for the job have been processed. In the meantime, the connector proxy/data handler212 relies on the storage provided by theadapter database206 while performing a job, so that it can store information as needed while the device connector/data processor214 performs tasks associated with a job prior to the time when the individual task results can be compiled. In other words, job and task results may be stored in theadapter database206 as they get computed, prior to being compiled and returned to the workflow action.

When more processing power is needed, a group ofadapters204 can be used to process task requests. In this case, alladapters204 in the group point to thesame adapter database206. Load balancing occurs between alladapters204 in the group. In some embodiments, anadministrative user interface210 enables managingadapters204, adapter groups, and adapter configurations.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing more general computing components that can be used to implement the workflow facility ofFIG. 1 and the supporting architecture ofFIG. 2. Referring toFIG. 3, the general computing components that can be used to implement the workflow facility ofFIG. 1 and the supporting architecture ofFIG. 2 may include aspects of aconventional computer300, which includes aprocessing unit302, asystem memory304, and asystem bus306 that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit. Theprocessing unit302 may be any logic processing unit, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), etc. Unless described otherwise, the construction and operation of the various blocks shown inFIG. 3 are of conventional design. As a result, such blocks need not be described in further detail herein, as they will be readily understood by those skilled in the relevant art.

Thesystem bus306 can employ any known bus structures or architectures, including a memory bus with memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus. Thesystem memory304 includes random access memory (“RAM”)308 and read-only memory (“ROM”)310. A basic input/output system (I/O)312, which can form part of theRAM308, contains basic routines that help transfer information between elements within thecomputer300, such as during start-up. The hardware elements of the input/output system312 allow a user to enter commands and information into thecomputer300 through input devices such as a keyboard, a pointing device such as a mouse, or other input devices including a microphone, joystick, game pad, scanner, etc. (all not shown). These and other input devices are connected to theprocessing unit302 through an interface such as a serial port interface that couples to thebus306, although other interfaces such as a parallel port, game port, or universal serial bus (“USB”) can be used. For example, other hardware devices, such as a PCMCIA reader that receives a card, can be coupled to the interface. A monitor or other display device is coupled to thebus306 via a video interface, such as a video adapter. Thecomputer300 can include other output devices, such as speakers, printers, etc.

Thecomputer300 also includes ahard disk drive314 for reading from and writing to a hard disk (not shown), and anoptical disk drive316 and amagnetic disk drive318 for reading from and writing to removableoptical disks320 andmagnetic disks322, respectively. Theoptical disk320 can be a CD-ROM, while themagnetic disk322 can be a magnetic floppy disk. Thehard disk drive314,optical disk drive316, andmagnetic disk drive318 communicate with theprocessing unit302 via thebus306. Thehard disk drive314,optical disk drive316, andmagnetic disk drive318 may include interfaces or controllers (not shown) coupled between such drives and thebus306, as is known by those skilled in the art. The

drives

314,316, and318, and their associated computer readable media, provide nonvolatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for thecomputer300. Although the depictedcomputer300 employs a hard disk,optical disk320, andmagnetic disk322, those skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that other types of computer-readable media that can store data accessible by a computer may be employed, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks (“DVD”), Bernoulli cartridges, ROMs, RAMs, smart cards, nanotechnology memory, etc.

Program modules can be stored in thesystem memory304, such as anoperating system324 andother application programs326, including various aspects of the workflow facility such as those described with respect toFIGS. 1 and 2. Thesystem memory304 may also include aweb browser328 for permitting thecomputer300 to access and exchange data with web sites in the World Wide Web of the Internet, as described below. Theapplication programs326, including the workflow facility, may have access to one or more databases, which may be internal or external to the computer. For example, the workflow facility may have access to a workflow database330 (which stores designed workflows/diagrams), a results database332 (which stores results from executed workflows), and multipleinput source databases334.

Thecomputer300 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as aremote computer350. For example, thecomputer300 may be involved in performing a first set of tasks in a workflow, and theremote computer350 may be involved in performing a second set of tasks in the workflow. In another example, theremote computer350 offers an input source for a workflow facility hosted at thecomputer300. Likewise, thecomputer300 may be involved in designing workflows having tasks to be performed by theremote computer350. Like thecomputer300, theremote computer350 can be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device, or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above for thecomputer300. Typically, theremote computer350 includes a memory storage device such as adisk drive352. Theremote computer350 is logically connected to thecomputer300 under any known method of permitting computers to communicate, such as through a local area network (“LAN”)354 or a wide area network (“WAN”) orInternet356. Such networking environments are well known in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, and the Internet.

In a LAN networking environment, thecomputer300 is connected to theLAN354 through an adapter or network interface (not shown) coupled to thebus306. When used in a WAN networking environment, thecomputer300 often includes a modem or other device for establishing communications over the WAN/Internet356. In a networked environment, program modules, application programs, or data, or portions thereof, can be stored in theremote computer350, such as in thedisk drive352. Those skilled in the relevant art will readily recognize that the network connections shown inFIG. 3 are only some examples of establishing communication links between computers, and other links may be used, including wireless links. In general, while hardware platforms, such as thecomputer300 and theremote computer350, are described herein, aspects of the invention are equally applicable to nodes on a network having corresponding resource locators to identify such nodes.

III. Vector-Based Workflow System

The workflow facility may be implemented as a vector-based workflow facility, where tasks can operate on more than one record at a time. For example, in a vector-based workflow facility, a single call to a data source retrieves a collection of records for repeatable processing, as opposed to a single record. In this way, each computation task within a workflow receives 0-N collections of records for processing as inputs at one time, and outputs 0-N records as output.

In some embodiments, the vector-based workflow facility further refines tasks as being comprised of two or more distinct components (e.g., a data handling component and a data processing component). For example, a data handling component may receive collections of data as input, manage the parsing of the collection of records into a set of single records, receive metadata parameters, manage queues of processing requests, and manage multiple instances of a data processing component. Thus, in general, the data handling component manages matters of scale for the vector-based workflow facility. On the other hand, the data processing component may perform a function on a given set of data. In this way, the data processing component does not incur the overhead of invoking multiple instances of a task. Instead, this responsibility is placed on the data handling component, which invokes multiple instances of the data processing component as needed.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a workflow iteration for a collection of retrieved records. Atblock401, the facility (and more specifically the data handling component) reads in the input data one collection of records at a time (i.e., as a single input unit). Details of an example of this process are illustrated and described with respect toFIG. 5. Additional examples are illustrated and described with respect toFIGS. 7 and 8. Atblock402, the facility applies a task to each record of data, prior to advancing to the next task. More specifically, the data handling component may invoke one or more instances of a data processing component to perform the task on each record in the collection. A more detailed example of this data processing action is illustrated and described with respect toFIG. 9. Atblock403, the facility advances to apply the task to the next collection of records. Again, multiple instances of a data processing component may be invoked to perform this task. Atblock404, the facility procures data output that results from performing the tasks. Details of an example of this process are illustrated and described with respect toFIG. 6, as well asFIGS. 7,8, and9. Like the data input, this data output may include a collection of records (as opposed to a single record). Atblock405, the facility iterates over additional collections of records (if there is more than one collection of records to be acted on).

As demonstrated in the above example, the vector-based workflow facility supports collections and/or sequences of input data (as opposed to single records) and, hence, executes sequences of tasks for each invocation of that task. For example, while a more typical workflow system executes a task to send one email to one recipient list, the vector-based workflow facility sends a sequence of emails, each to its own recipient list. In other words, the vector-based workflow facility supports performing tasks with respect to sequences (including very large sequences). In this way, the vector-based workflow facility enables efficiencies in workflows and supports very high throughput delivery scenarios because the overhead of the workflow facility is kept to a minimum. The ability to identify and work on data that have common attributes, as described herein, can be tied to the use of specific resources in the computing environment as well. Another embodiment or application of the vector-based workflow facility described herein would be its use in conjunction with a simulation engine. The simulation engine may analyze a workflow application's overhead and/or identify potential runtime bottlenecks resulting from anticipated data handling. The simulation engine may then use the results of the analysis to set a threshold value or otherwise suggest the need for the use of vector-based operations to enhance system performance with workflow applications that are used to handle large volumes of documents or that perform operations on complex XML schema.

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate examples of actions performed by a vector-based workflow facility at runtime. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 5, in some embodiments, pre-processing occurs on input (e.g., XML input) to create a formal input document that a task may act on. More specifically, a joining andmapping functionality508 may occur with respect to a sequence of input documents (502,504, and506). The joining andmapping functionality508 may involve collectingadditional input510 from existing workflow design or input documents in a workflow design store. Additional details of the joining andmapping functionality508 provided by the facility in some embodiments are described in more detail in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/486,397, entitled “COMPLEX DATA MERGING, SUCH AS IN A WORKFLOW APPLICATION.” The result of the joining andmapping functionality508 may be a single document514 (e.g., an XML document) that comprises one or more tasks that match the formal input schema for anadapter518. In addition to joining and mapping, this process may involve the use offilters512 that limit the tasks and task data produced (e.g., do not send an invoice to customers who are being charged less than one dollar) and custom transforms516 specified at design time that add an extensible and customizable mechanism to manipulate the task parameters prior to submission to the adapter (e.g., custom transformations may include almost any transformation or manipulation of the data that cannot be handled by either the joining itself or the filtering).

The joining andmapping functionality508, thefilters512, and the custom transforms516 may all be implemented in one ormore transformation engines134 of the supportingarchitecture132 described with respect toFIG. 1. In general, during transformation, the data (e.g., XML data) from theformal input document514 is broken down as job and task parameters and passed to theadapter518 for processing. In this way, theadapter518 has all the information it needs to perform the task passed to it. In some embodiments, the adapter is designed to be product-agnostic.

As illustrated inFIG. 6 after processing by theadapter518, the workflow facility may collect task and job results (602,604, and606), and reassemble these resources into a single output document reassembly608 (e.g., XML document). The singleoutput document reassembly608 may also incorporate information retrieved from one or more workflow design files610. In some embodiments, not all tasks may result in the creation of output or results that is re-associated with the facility. However, in the illustrated embodiment, portions of the results are automatically extracted and persisted in aworkflow storage system614. A corresponding identifier may replace the actual content in aresult612 prior to storing.

In some instances, additional data may be associated with each task result even though the additional data may not be a part of the formal input or output schema of theadapter518. For example, it may be desirable that each task result contain a unique identifier (e.g. InvoiceID) associated with the task result. The additional input may be part of theinput document502 used in the joining andmapping functionality508. However, the formal output schema for the adapter may not contain this information. For example, if the output is an email report on users and invoices, that report may not contain an identifying key for the collection of documents as one of its fields. An output's identifying key may also be omitted in PDF or word processor files created to archive the reports. However, that additional data may be needed by the workflow application to track the data collection as a whole and to make sure that output of the adapter can be related back to the data collection by subsequent workflow tasks or to ensure that the system may later audit the performance of the workflow task. As part of thedocument reassembly608, additional data not passed to the adapter may be recombined with the results and thus referenced at a later point in the workflow. This may be accomplished by associating the additional data with a unique identifier that will be output from the adapter in the task result.

IV. System Flows

FIGS. 7 through 9 are representative flow diagrams that show processes that occur within the system ofFIGS. 1-3. These flow diagrams do not show all functions or exchanges of data but, instead, provide an understanding of commands and data exchanged under the system. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that some functions or exchanges of commands and data may be repeated, varied, omitted, or supplemented, and other aspects not shown may be readily implemented. For example, while not described in detail, a message containing data may be transmitted through a message queue, over HTTP, etc.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing a high-level vector-basedworkflow routine700 performed at the workflow facility. The routine700 is associated with a runtime environment in which the workflow facility executes a previously designed workflow model. In this example, the workflow model includes a series of linked steps or tasks that relate to a higher-level process. While the workflow facility does not require that all of the steps/tasks of an executed workflow model be automated, in the illustrated example, at least some of the steps or tasks of the workflow model are performed via some level of automated support from the workflow facility.

The routine700 assumes that a particular step associated with the workflow model is ready to be performed, with the workflow facility playing a role in the performance of the step, so that the step can be performed automatically (or at least partially automatically). An example of such a step is a step to send an email to a group of customers. Atblock701, the routine700 reads a first collection of input records that is identified by the workflow model as being needed to performing the step from the workflow model. An example of such an input is a collection of records containing email information for the individual customers from the group of customers. The routine700 reads the input records as a single unit of input (as opposed to one record at a time). In this way, pre-processing of the input information is minimized, despite the routine700 being configured to handle a wide variety of input types, including collections of records that have records of more than one data format or data shape.

Atblock702, the routine700 applies, to all records in the collection of records, a function related to performing the step associated with the workflow model. A breakdown of block702 (e.g., as performed by a workflow action associated with the workflow facility) is provided with respect toFIG. 8. An example of a function related to performing a step associated with a workflow model is a function used to generate an email for individual customers identified using a collection of records. Atblock703, the routine700 generates output resulting from applying the appropriate function to the collection of records (e.g., the routine700 generates one or more documents containing a modified version of the collection of records). Atdecision block704, the routine700 determines whether additional functions relating to performing the step need to be applied to the record collection. If no further functions need to be applied, the routine700 continues atblock705. However, if atdecision block704, further functions need to be applied, the routine700 loops back to block702 to apply the next function to all records in the collection of records. For example, the next function applied to the records in the collection of records may be a send email function, which sends out the emails generated by the first function. Tasks may also have multiple custom actions associated with them, and the program will loop through a task until all custom actions are completed.

Atdecision block705, the routine700 checks to see whether there are additional input units (e.g., collections of records) that need to be processed in association with performing the step from the workflow model. If so, the routine700 loops back to block701 to read the next collection of input records. If there are no further input units that need to be processed in association with performing the step from the workflow model, the routine700 ends.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing a routine800 performed by a workflow action utilizing vector-based data inputs to complete a step in a workflow model. The routine800 provides details for one example implementation of applying a function to a collection of records (block702) of the routine700 ofFIG. 7. In some embodiments, the routine800 is performed by a workflow action that runs in the workflow facility environment, such as theworkflow action202 ofFIG. 2. This workflow action corresponds to a particular function associated with completing the step from the workflow model. Only a single invocation of the workflow action is needed to operate on an entire collection of records.

Atblock801, the routine800 invokes the workflow action via receipt of instructions to perform a workflow step. Atblock802 the routine800 accesses the vector-based input (e.g., after it has been read by the workflow facility as a collection of records, as described inblock701 ofFIG. 7). Atblock803 the routine800 generates a call to an adapter or adapter group (such as the adapter(s)204 ofFIG. 2). This call includes a job request. The job request corresponds to a step associated with the workflow model, or alternatively, with a sub-step (e.g., function) associated with the step from the workflow model. The job request can be broken down into tasks (e.g., one task request for each record in the collection of records accessed at block802). Thus, the job request is comprised of multiple task requests. The adapter or adapter group that is the subject of the call is configured for specialized processing to efficiently complete the job request (on a task-by-task basis) so that the function associated with the step from the workflow model can be completed. Additional details of how the adapter or adapter group performs job/task processing are provided with respect toFIG. 9. Atblock804, the routine800 obtains a compiled result for the job request from the adapter or adapter group. This information can then be used in association with completing (or proving completion) of the workflow model step. The routine800 then ends.

FIG. 9 is a flow diagram showing a routine900 performed by an adapter module (or group of adapter modules) in performing processing in association with vector-based data inputs used to complete a step in a workflow model. Atblock901 the routine900 receives a call from a workflow action, such as a call generated inblock803 of the routine800 ofFIG. 8). This call includes a job request (comprising multiple task requests, with each task request being associated with at least one record from a collection of records). Atblock902, the routine900 stores the job request and the task requests information received in the call ofblock901 in an adapter database or other data store. Atblock903, the routine900 retrieves, from the adapter database, parameters for performing the next task. In reference to components ofFIG. 2, blocks901-903 may be performed by the connector proxy/data handler212 of the adapter module.

Atblock904, the routine900 performs processing for the next task. Atblock905, the routine900 stores the results from the processing of the task in the adapter database or other data store. In reference to components ofFIG. 2, the processing may be performed by the device connector/data processor214 of the adapter. Atdecision block906, the routine900 checks to see whether the job includes additional tasks, which may be a function performed by the connector proxy/data handler212 ofFIG. 2. If there are additional tasks associated with the job, the routine900 loops back to block903 to retrieve, from the adapter database, the parameters for the next task. However, if there are no further tasks associated with the job, the routine900 continues atblock907, where the routine900 retrieves all the stored task results from the adapter database. Atblock908, the routine900 compiles the retrieved task results to generate a job result for the job request. Atblock909, the routine900 provides the compiled job result to the workflow action, as described with respect to block804 of the routine800 ofFIG. 8. As with blocks901-903, blocks905-909 may be performed by the connector proxy/data handler212 of the adapter module.

V. Conclusion

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. When the claims use the word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

The above Detailed Description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employ systems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed in series, these processes or blocks may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times. Where the context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number, respectively.

The teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to other systems, not necessarily the system described herein. The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments.

This application is related to commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,396, filed Sep. 10, 2004, abandoned, entitled “CUSTOM AND CUSTOMIZABLE COMPONENTS, SUCH AS FOR WORK FLOW APPLICATIONS”; commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/486,397, filed Jul. 12, 2006, entitled “COMPLEX DATA MERGING, SUCH AS IN A WORKFLOW APPLICATION”; and commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,118, filed Sep. 10, 2004, pending, entitled “USER-FRIENDLY DATA BINDING, SUCH AS DRAG-AND-DROP DATA BINDING IN A WORKFLOW APPLICATION.” All of the above patents and applications and other references, including any that may be listed in accompanying filing papers, are incorporated herein by reference. Aspects of the invention can be modified, if necessary, to employ the systems, functions, and concepts of the various references described above to provide yet further embodiments of the invention.

These and other changes can be made to the invention in light of the above Detailed Description. While the above description details certain embodiments of the invention and describes the best mode contemplated, no matter how detailed the above description appears in text, the invention can be practiced in many ways. Details of the vector-based record handling techniques and associated workflow facility may vary considerably in their implementation details, while still be encompassed by the invention disclosed herein. As noted above, particular terminology used when describing certain features or aspects of the invention should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being re-defined herein to be restricted to any specific characteristics, features, or aspects of the invention with which that terminology is associated. In general, the terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless the above Detailed Description section explicitly defines such terms. Accordingly, the actual scope of the invention encompasses not only the disclosed embodiments, but also all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing the invention under the claims.

While certain aspects of the invention are presented below in certain claim forms, the inventors contemplate the various aspects of the invention in any number of claim forms. For example, while only one aspect of the invention is recited as embodied in a computer-readable medium, other aspects may likewise be embodied in a computer-readable medium. Accordingly, the inventors reserve the right to add additional claims after filing the application to pursue such additional claim forms for other aspects of the invention.