US20140043149A1 - Mobile communication device & app for wearable defibrillator system - Google Patents

Abstract

A mobile communication device such as a smartphone or a tablet-type computer, can establish a local comlink with a wearable defibrillation system. At the same time, the mobile communication device can establish a remote comlink with other devices in a network such as the internet. Accordingly, communication tasks relating to the wearable defibrillation system can be performed via the local and the remote comlinks, with or without the participation of the patient, who is wearing the system. The patient can thus use the familiar interface of a mobile communication device for interacting with his defibrillator system. Moreover, he can do so while keeping on his regular clothes, which could conceal completely the wearable defibrillator system. The patient can thus preserve his dignity and privacy.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS
• This patent application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/768,897, filed on Feb. 25, 2013, titled: “WEARABLE DEFIBRILLATOR EXPANDED USER INTERFACE AND COMMUNICATIONS VIA SMART PHONE”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
• This patent application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/682,143, filed on Aug. 10, 2002, titled: “WEARABLE MONITOR/DEFIBRILLATOR WITH CARDIAC FUNCTION ASSESSMENT FEATURE”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
• This patent application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/706,697, filed on Sep. 27, 2012, titled: “WEARABLE DEFIBRILLATOR/MONITOR WITH A USER INTERFACE FOR MEDICAL CARE DETECTION AND INTERVENTION”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
• This patent application may be found to be related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. [SER. NO. OF. 1], titled “WEARABLE DEFIBRILLATOR SYSTEM COMMUNICATING VIA MOBILE COMMUNICATION DEVICE”, filed on the same day as the instant application, and assigned to the same assignee.
BACKGROUND
• When people suffer from some types of heart arrhythmia, the result may be that blood flow to the various parts of the body is reduced. Some arrhythmias may even result in a Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA). SCA leads to death very quickly, e.g. within 10 minutes, unless treated in the interim.
• People who have had a heart attack have an increased risk of SCA, and therefore it is recommended that they receive an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (“ICD”). An ICD has internal electrodes, and continuously monitors the person's electrocardiogram (“ECG”). If certain types of heart arrhythmia are detected, then the ICD delivers electrical therapy through the heart.
• People with increased risk of an SCA are sometimes given a wearable external defibrillator system. The recipients typically include those who have had a heart attack, or SCA, or are considered at risk, but have not yet had an ICD implanted. A wearable defibrillator system typically includes a harness, vest, or other garment for wearing by the patient. The system includes a defibrillator and external electrodes, which are attached on the inside of the harness, vest, or other garment. When the patient wears the system, the external electrodes contact the person's skin, and therefore can help monitor the patient's ECG. If a shockable heart arrhythmia is detected, then the defibrillator delivers the appropriate electrical discharge through the heart.
• Wearable defibrillator systems stand to improve if they communicate better with their environment.
BRIEF SUMMARY
• The present description gives instances of systems, devices, software and methods, the use of which may improve on the prior art.
• In some embodiments, a mobile communication device such as a smartphone or a tablet-type computer, can establish a local comlink with a wearable defibrillation system. At the same time, the mobile communication device can establish a remote comlink with other devices in a network such as the internet. Accordingly, communication tasks relating to the wearable defibrillation system can be performed via the local and the remote comlinks, with or without the participation of the wearer. An advantage is that the wearer can use the familiar interface of a mobile communication device for interacting with his wearable defibrillator system. Moreover, the patient can do so while keeping on his regular clothes, which could conceal completely the wearable defibrillator system. As such, the patient can interact with, and enable the interactions of, the wearable defibrillator system while appearing to be using his ordinary, commercially available mobile communication device, and thus preserving their dignity and privacy.
• These and other features and advantages of this description will become more readily apparent from the following Detailed Description, which proceeds with reference to the drawings, in which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a communication arrangement that includes embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram of components of a wearable defibrillator system and a mobile communication device, such as those shown inFIG. 1, which are made and form a local comlink according to embodiments.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing components of an external defibrillator, such as the one shown inFIG. 2, and which is made according to embodiments.
• FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating ways in which communication links can be established, and the data flows that they enable, according to embodiments.
• FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating sample preliminary operations for establishing a local comlink, according to a first set of embodiments where the initiative is taken by the mobile communication device.
• FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating sample preliminary operations for establishing a local comlink, according to a second set of embodiments where the initiative is taken by the wearable defibrillator system.
• FIG. 7 is a flowchart for illustrating methods for wearable defibrillation systems according to embodiments.
• FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a sample image that can be displayed by a mobile communication device, while a wearable defibrillator system is performing an operation of the flowchart ofFIG. 7, according to an embodiment.
• FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another sample image that can be displayed by a mobile communication device, while a wearable defibrillator system is performing an operation of the flowchart ofFIG. 7, according to another embodiment.
• FIG. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating methods for patients according to embodiments.
• FIG. 11 is a diagram showing sample components of a mobile communication device that could be the device ofFIG. 1, and which is made according to embodiments.
• FIG. 12 is a flowchart for illustrating methods for mobile communication devices according to embodiments.
• FIG. 13 is a flowchart for illustrating methods for mobile communication devices according to embodiments.
• FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating ways in which communication links can be established, and the data flows that they enable, according to embodiments of the methods ofFIG. 13.
• FIG. 15 is a flowchart for illustrating methods for mobile communication devices according to embodiments.
• FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram illustrating ways in which communication links can be established, and the data flows that they enable, according to embodiments of the methods ofFIG. 15.
• FIG. 17 is a flowchart for illustrating methods for mobile communication devices according to embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• As has been mentioned, the present description is about systems, devices, software and methods for wearable defibrillation systems to perform their communication tasks. Embodiments are now described in more detail.
• FIG. 1 depicts a communication arrangement according to embodiments. Apatient182 wears a wearableexternal defibrillator system101, and ordinarily carries amobile communication device110 on their person.Patient182 may also be referred to aswearer182 since he or she wearssystem101,person182, anduser182 since he or she may usedevice110.
• A mobile communication device such asdevice110 can be a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a personal electronic device, a pager, a laptop computer, a tablet, an e-reader, and so on. Such mobile communication devices are increasingly becoming more than just wireless voice communication devices. In addition to handling voice data, some mobile communication devices are essentially portable computing devices that can support a variety of applications such as email, web browsing, text processing applications, contact applications, scheduling applications, games, and so on.
• In many cases,mobile communication device110 acts as a proxy for also the presence ofpatient182. In other words, the location ofpatient182 can sometimes be presumed to be the same as the location ofmobile communication device110. Although inmost cases device110 is indeed in close proximity topatient182, that is not a requirement for carrying out embodiments of the invention.
• Patient182 typically carriesmobile communication device110, and is intended to be its primary user.Patient182 may carrydevice110 in a pocket, in a special holder, or even wear it on their wrist. It should be further remembered that, given the particular dynamics of SCA, where the patient may be an unconscious victim, a rescuer may actually use the patient'smobile communication device110. And, in some embodiments, a rescuer may instead use their own mobile communication device, instead of the one carried by the victim.
• The arrangement ofFIG. 1 uses wireless communication links. A wireless communication link is also sometimes referred to as “comlink”. For purposes of this document, a “remote comlink” means a wireless communication link established between devices that are at least 500 feet (150 m) away from each other, and typically farther, such as a cellular communication link. And a “local comlink” means a wireless communication link established between devices that are at most 50 feet (15 m) away from each other, and typically closer.
• According to the arrangement ofFIG. 1,mobile communication device110 can communicate with a wirelessservice provider network170 via aremote comlink172.Remote comlink172 can be direct, or can be established betweendevice110 andnetwork170 via intermediary points, such as a Wireless Access Point, WiFi, and so on; even in those cases, however, a remote comlink includes at least one leg of a wireless communication link that is at least 500 feet (150 m) long. On or more of the legs between intermediary points may include a network land line.Network170 can be coupled with acommunications network180, which can be the internet or one of the networks of the internet. AnOther Entity190 can be part ofnetwork180, and in effect be cloud-based.Other Entity190 can be a person or institution, equipped with any one of a cellular telephone, a desktop computer, a server, a mainframe computer, and so on. Communication devices inOther Entity190 can also be called remote devices. Accordingly,mobile communication device110 and/oruser182 are capable of communicating and exchanging data with devices ofOther Entity190, at least according to the arrangement ofFIG. 1. Communication can also be verbal, as is known in prior art versions ofmobile communication device110.
• In some embodiments,mobile communication device110 includes an application, also known as an “app”, which is not shown inFIG. 1 but will be described later in more detail. In some embodiments, the app becomes downloaded tomobile communication device110 fromOther Entity190. Downloading is according to the arrangement ofFIG. 1, or a different arrangement.
• In many embodiments,wearable defibrillator system101 andmobile communication device110 are capable of establishing alocal comlink171, and therefore can exchange data between them via the local comlink. Data can be exchanged in either direction, or in both directions. In some embodiments,local comlink171 uses radio transmission technology that can be broadband and/or shortwave.Local comlink171 may use Bluetooth technology, Wi-Fi technology, or equivalent.Local comlink171, coupled with the abilities ofmobile communication device110, enableswearable defibrillator system101 to communicate better with its environment, as will be seen in more detail later in this document.
• In other embodiments, instead ofcomlink171,wearable defibrillator system101 andmobile communication device110 are capable of establishing a local link that is wired, and therefore can exchange data between them via the wired local link. The wired link can be by any suitable wired connection, for example via a USB or Firewire connection. Such would require the person reaching into their clothes. Communication would be established by the connecting, whereupon the two devices would recognize each other, and so on.
• It should be remembered that the person wearing the wearable defibrillator system may be moving, for example during their daily activities. In the evening, they may keepmobile communication device110 next to their bed, charging. At the same time, they may be recharging the wearable defibrillator system if needed.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram of components of a wearable defibrillator system made according to embodiments. For proper context, the components ofFIG. 2 are shown aspatient182 would be wearing them. The components of the system ofFIG. 2 may be the components ofsystem101 ofFIG. 1.
• The components ofFIG. 2 include a support structure, which is configured to be worn bypatient182. The support structure can be any structure suitable for wearing, such as a harness, a vest, another garment, and so on. The support structure can be implemented in a single component, or multiple components. For example, a support structure may have a top component resting on the shoulders, for ensuring that the defibrillation electrodes will be in the right place for defibrillating, and a bottom component resting on the hips, for carrying the bulk of the weight of the defibrillator. A single component embodiment could be with a belt around the torso. Other embodiments could use an adhesive structure or another way for attaching to the person, without encircling any part of the body. There can be other examples.
• Ageneric support structure270 is shown relative to the body ofperson182, and thus also relative to his or herheart285.Structure270 could be a harness, vest, garment, as per the above; it could be implemented in a single component, or multiple components, and so on.Structure270 is wearable byperson182, but the manner of wearing it is not depicted, asstructure270 is depicted only generically inFIG. 2.
• A wearable defibrillator system is configured to defibrillate the person by delivering electrical charge to the person's body.FIG. 2 shows an example ofdefibrillation electrodes204,208, which are coupled to anexternal defibrillator200 via electrode leads205. Whendefibrillation electrodes204,208 make good electrical contact with the body ofperson182,defibrillator200 can administer, viaelectrodes204,208, a brief, strongelectric pulse211 through the body.Pulse211, also known as a defibrillation shock, goes also throughheart285, in an attempt to restart it, for saving the life ofperson182.Defibrillator200 anddefibrillation electrodes204,208 are coupled to supportstructure270. As such, all components ofdefibrillator200 are therefore coupled to supportstructure270.
• Person182 is shown holdingmobile communication device110, anddevice110 is shown as having establishedlocal comlink171 with one of the components of the wearable defibrillator system. In the example ofFIG. 2,local comlink171 is shown as established specifically withdefibrillator200, on behalf of the entire wearable defibrillator system. This embodiment is advantageous when, as here,defibrillator200 is collocated with a communication module, but that is not necessary. Indeed, the local comlink can become established with a different component of the system, and particularly the one that includes a wireless communication module on behalf of the entire wearable defibrillator system.
• A prior art defibrillator typically decides whether to defibrillate or not based on an electrocardiogram (“ECG”) of the patient. However,defibrillator200 can defibrillate or not also based additionally on other inputs and received communication, as will be seen later. In addition, the use, readiness and maintenance ofdefibrillator200 can be improved based on the communication enabled by the invention.
• The wearable defibrillator system may also optionally include amonitoring device280, which can also be called an outside monitoring device.Monitoring device280 is configured to monitor at least one local parameter. A local parameter is a parameter ofpatient182, or a parameter of the wearable defibrillation system, or a parameter of the environment, as will be described later. Optionally,monitoring device280 is physically coupled to the support structure. In addition,monitoring device280 is communicatively coupled with other components coupled to the support structure, such as a communication module, as will be deemed necessary by a person skilled in the art in view of this disclosure.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing components of anexternal defibrillator300 made according to embodiments. These components can be, for example, inexternal defibrillator200 ofFIG. 2. The components shown inFIG. 3 can be provided in ahousing301, which is also known ascasing301.
• External defibrillator300 is intended for a patient who would be wearing it, such asperson182 ofFIG. 1 andFIG. 2.Defibrillator300 further includes auser interface370 for auser382.User382 can bewearer182, if conscious. Oruser382 can be a local rescuer at the scene, such as a bystander who might offer assistance, or a trained person. According toFIG. 1,user382 might be in remote communication with a remote rescuer, such as a trained person withinOther Entity190, according to embodiments.
• Defibrillator300 may includemonitoring device380 withinhousing301, and can also be called an inside monitoring device.Monitoring device380 can monitor patient parameters, system parameters and/or environmental parameters. In other words, insidemonitoring device380 can be the same, or complementary tooutside monitoring device280 ofFIG. 2, and can be provided in addition to it, or instead of it. Allocating which of the whole system parameters are monitored by which monitoring device can be determined according to design considerations. For example, a motion sensor can be withinhousing301, as part ofinside monitoring device380, for system economy based on ease of implementation and communicating its results. For another example, a sensor that monitors the patient's blood pressure may be at the external location ofdevice280.
• Defibrillator300 typically includes adefibrillation port310, such as a socket inhousing301.Defibrillation port310 includes nodes314,318.Defibrillation electrodes304,308, for example similar toelectrodes204,208 ofFIG. 2, can be plugged indefibrillation port310. Plugging can be from their leads, such asleads205 ofFIG. 2, so as to make electrical contact with nodes314,318, respectively. It is also possible that the defibrillation electrodes can be connected continuously todefibrillation port310, instead. Either way,defibrillation port310 can be used for guiding, via electrodes, to the wearer the electrical charge that has been stored inenergy storage module350.
• Defibrillator300 may optionally also have anECG port319 inhousing301, for plugging inECG electrodes309, which are also known as ECG leads. It is also possible that ECG electrodes can be connected continuously toECG port319, instead.ECG electrodes309 can help sense an ECG signal, e.g. a 12-lead signal, or a signal from a different number of leads, as long as they make good electrical contact with the body of the patient.ECG electrodes309 can be attached to the inside ofsupport structure270 for making contact with the patient, similarly as the defibrillation electrodes.
• Defibrillator300 also includes ameasurement circuit320.Measurement circuit320 receives physiological signals fromECG port319, if provided. Even ifdefibrillator300 lacksECG port319,measurement circuit320 can obtain physiological signals through nodes314,318 instead, whendefibrillation electrodes304,308 are attached to the patient. In these cases, a person's ECG signal can be sensed as a voltage difference betweenelectrodes304,308. Plus, impedance betweenelectrodes304,308 can be sensed. Sensing the impedance can be useful for detecting, among other things, whether theseelectrodes304,308 are not making good electrical contact with the patient's body. These physiological signals can be sensed, and information about them can be rendered bycircuit320 as data, or other signals, etc.
• Defibrillator300 also includes aprocessor330.Processor330 may be implemented in any number of ways. Such ways include, by way of example and not of limitation, digital and/or analog processors such as microprocessors and digital-signal processors (DSPs); controllers such as microcontrollers; software running in a machine; programmable circuits such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Field-Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), any combination of one or more of these, and so on.
• Processor330 can be considered to have a number of modules. One such module can be adetection module332.Processor330, runningdetection module332, is a sample embodiment of a logic device configured to determine whether the above-described monitored parameter has reached a specific threshold. For example, the monitoring parameter can be input frommonitoring device380, if provided. For another example,detection module332 can include a ventricular fibrillation (“VF”) detector. The person's sensed ECG frommeasurement circuit320 can be used by the VF detector to determine whether the person is experiencing VF. Detecting VF is useful, because VF is a precursor to SCA.
• Another such module inprocessor330 can be anadvice module334, which arrives at advice of what to do. The advice can be based on outputs ofdetection module332. There can be many types of advice according to embodiments. As one example, a Shock Advisory Algorithm can render the advice to shock, as opposed to not shock the person. Such can be, for example, when the person's condition has reached or exceeded an advised defibrillation threshold. Shocking can be for defibrillation, pacing, and so on.
• If the advice is to shock, some external defibrillator embodiments proceed with shocking, or may advise a remote attendant to do it, and so on. As another example, the advice can be to administer CPR, anddefibrillator300 may further issue prompts for it, and so on.
• Processor330 can include additional modules, such asother module336, for other functions. In addition, if monitoringdevice380 is indeed provided, it may be operated in part byprocessor330, etc.
• Defibrillator300 optionally further includes amemory338, which can work together withprocessor330.Memory338 may be implemented in any number of ways. Such ways include, by way of example and not of limitation, nonvolatile memories (NVM), read-only memories (ROM), random access memories (RAM), any combination of these, and so on.Memory338, if provided, can include programs forprocessor330, and so on. The programs can be operational for the inherent needs ofprocessor330, and can also include protocols and ways that decisions can be made byadvice module334. In addition,memory338 can store prompts foruser382, if they are a local rescuer. Moreover,memory338 can store data. The data can include patient data, system data and environmental data, for example as learned by monitoringdevice380 andmonitoring device280. The data can be stored before it is transmitted out ofdefibrillator300, or stored after it is received by it.
• Defibrillator300 may also include apower source340. To enable portability ofdefibrillator300,power source340 typically includes a battery. Such a battery is typically implemented as a battery pack, which can be rechargeable or not. Sometimes, a combination is used, of rechargeable and non-rechargeable battery packs. Other embodiments ofpower source340 can include AC power override, for where AC power will be available, and so on. In some embodiments,power source340 is controlled byprocessor330.
• Defibrillator300 additionally includes anenergy storage module350, which can thus be coupled to the support structure of the wearable system.Module350 is where some electrical energy is stored, when preparing it for sudden discharge to administer a shock.Module350 can be charged frompower source340 to the right amount of energy, as controlled byprocessor330. In typical implementations,module350 includes acapacitor352, which can be a single capacitor or a system of capacitors, and so on. As described above,capacitor352 can store the charge for delivering to the patient.
• Defibrillator300 moreover includes adischarge circuit355.Circuit355 can be controlled to permit the energy stored inmodule350 to be discharged to nodes314,318, and thus also todefibrillation electrodes304,308.Circuit355 can include one ormore switches357. Those can be made in a number of ways, such as by an H-bridge, and so on.
• User interface370 can be made in any number of ways. For example,interface370 may include a screen, to display what is detected and measured, provide visual feedback to the rescuer for their resuscitation attempts, and so on.Interface370 may also include a speaker, to issue voice prompts, etc. Sounds, images, vibrations, and anything that can be experienced byuser382 can also be called human perceptible indications.Interface370 may additionally include various controls, such as pushbuttons, keyboards, touchscreens, a microphone, and so on. In addition,discharge circuit355 can be controlled byprocessor330, or directly byuser382 viauser interface370, and so on.
• Defibrillator300 can optionally include acommunication module390, for establishing one or more wireless comlinks, such aslocal comlink171. The communication module may also include an antenna, portions of a processor, and other sub-components as may be deemed necessary by a person skilled in the art. This way, data and commands can be communicated, such as patient data, episode information, therapy attempted, CPR performance, system data, environmental data, and so on.
• Defibrillator300 can optionally include other components.
• FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating ways in which comlinks can be established, and the data flows that they enable, according to embodiments. One will recognize aspects of the previous figures.User382 is shown in relation towearable defibrillator system101,mobile communication device110, andOther Entity190. It should be remembered thatuser382 could be either thepatient182 who wearssystem101, or a local bystander who is usingmobile communication device110. In addition, in many embodiments,Other Entity190 includes aremote person492, and amedical server494.Person492 withinOther Entity190 could be a doctor, another caregiver, a health care provider, health care services, dispatch, technical services, a family member, a trusted friend, and so on.Medical server494 could also include be a repository for data of a person such as a non-medical patient.
• More particularly, as already mentioned above,wearable defibrillator system101 can establish, withmobile communication device110, alocal comlink171. In addition,mobile communication device110 can establish, withOther Entity190, aremote comlink172. It will be appreciated that the comlinks configured this way, alone or in combination, conveniently permit data flows in different directions.
• A data flow can be the two-way data flow411. More particularly,mobile communication device110 typically includes a user interface, as is described in more detail later in this document. The user interface at least emits human-perceptible indications, such as sounds, visual indications, images on a screen, and so on foruser382. In some embodiments, the data exchanged vialocal comlink171 includes guidance data that is transmitted from the communication module according toflow411. The guidance data can be emitted by the user interface ofdevice110 as the human-perceptible indications foruser382.
• The feature of the guidance data is particularly useful where the patient's cooperation is desired, if available. One embodiment is with implementing a live man switch. More particularly, a processor ofsystem101 can be configured to determine that administering a defibrillation shock is advised, for example as described above forprocessor330 andadvice module334. The emitted human-perceptible indication can be a request to input a report that the patient is instead alive, such as in the operation of the live man switch, in case the processor's determination happens to not be correct this one time. In that case, if the report is indeed inputted—presumably by the patient—it would mean that the patient is alive, and a defibrillation shock is not needed. Therefore, if the report is indeed inputted, the advised shock may not administered. The feature of the guidance data is useful also in other situations, as will be seen later in this document. The guidance data can also include reminders, such as for service, to charge the battery, to procure disposables, to take medication, for a doctor's appointment, and so on.
• Another data flow can be acommunication412 betweenuser382 andremote person492.Communication412 can be a voice conversation, email messaging, texting, and so on. The doctor can query the patient, the patient can ask questions of the doctor, and so on. In addition,communication412 can be automatically issued reminders bymedical server494, and so on. This way the doctor can monitor the health of the patient.
• One more data flow can becontrol data421, received vialocal comlink171 bywearable defibrillator system101. As will be appreciated,control data421 can include data intended to control the actions ofwearable defibrillator system101. In addition,control data421 can include any data downloaded bymedical server494, which can be maintenance and upgrade data, reprogramming a parameter or setting a software, or commands forcing reporting and the like.
• Control data421 can also include data entered byuser382, as per the above example of the live man switch. Less drastically,system101 may ask: “Are you feeling all right?”, based upon physiological inputs. Moreover,user382 may enter data according toflow411 by voice, which may be decoded by voice recognition, and so on. This data may also be answers to routine periodic questions that the defibrillator poses, such as “How are you feeling today?”, “Did you take your medication today?”, “What is your weight this Monday?”, and so on. The answers can then be reported to the doctor later bysystem101. Some of this information can thus be exchanged verbally this way. In other embodiments, such information can be captured by sensors, such as a scale for the person's weight, and be transmitted electronically.
• In some embodiments, the communication is originated bypatient182, who acts asuser382 ofFIG. 4. This enables patient182 to originate the entry of information about ailments thatsystem101 might not be prepared to look for automatically. For example, sometimes a patient's condition could be deteriorating despite basic vital signs that are stable, or changing too slowly to raise an alarm. For instance, such could be the case whenpatient182 is diagnosed also with heart failure. Whilesystem101 may detect and treat an eventual episode of lethal cardiac arrhythmia, there may be additional conditions for whichpatient182 should seek medical care that may not be as critical or sudden as arrhythmias.
• In some embodiments,wearable defibrillator system101 is capable of additional disease management and patient care. Regardless of whether the entry of information is originated bypatient182 orsystem101, the patient may enter status data. Forexample patient182 may enter a menu where he can select the generic option: “I don't feel good”, or “my heart is racing”, or “I can't catch my breath”.System101 may consider the patient status data, and evaluate a set of parameters against baseline values that have been recorded in the past. These baseline values may be stored insystem101, or remotely accessed. For example, parameters to evaluate include a) the current status of occurrence and frequency of premature ventricular contraction (PVCs), b) changes in breathing pattern, c) changes in heart rate variability, and so on. These parameters can be learned from monitoring, whether continuously, or upon request, or when a certain mode if activated. If any of those vary more than a preset amount from baseline values for this patient, functions can be triggered that may be stratified based on severity. One of the triggered functions can be thatsystem101 gives feedback topatient182, for example vialocal comlink171 as human perceptible indications. The feedback can be forpatient182 to manage his condition following physician orders. Ifsystem101 has access to the physician's orders, it may further ask questions such as: “Did you take medication X?”, and “Are you keeping your physical activity within range Y?”.System101 may remindpatient182 of the physician's orders, and encourage compliance. Other feedback can be thatpatient182 should consult with a professional caregiver within so much time, like immediately or the next 24 hours.
• In some embodiments, a language translation module is included in one of various places in this arrangement. The language translation module can be withinwearable defibrillation system101, withinmobile device110, and so on. One example is when a translation module is used for the menu where the patient enters data. While the questions, commands, and prompts could be programmed in a first language, they might appear in a second language that may be chosen in a language menu. Another example is when the patient is unconscious, anduser382 is a helpful bystander who has picked updevice110 and is trying to communicate through it. An example is described later in this document.
• The additional disease management and patient care could be provided as a separate mode. The mode can be reset by the patient, or by caregivers, or according to rules. In some embodiments,patient182 may be given the option to disable the alert to the care management center.
• Control data421 can also include any data received byremote person492. In some embodiments,remote person492 may force reporting bysystem101. In some embodiments,remote person492 may outright override the autonomous operation ofsystem101, and intervene. More particularly, in some embodiments,wearable defibrillator system101 includes a number of components, such as the components above. For overriding, an operation of a certain one of these included components becomes adjusted due to receiving the control data. Examples of overriding are to activate the defibrillator remotely, or to deactivate it remotely, for example if it is administering shocks where it should not. In each case, the person skilled in the art will determine which one or more components can be the certain components whose operation can be adjusted responsive to the receipt of the control data, for achieving the overriding.
• One more of the data flows can be reporteddata422, which is received viaremote comlink172 byOther Entity190.Reported data422 can include any data reported bysystem101 vialocal comlink171 and forwarded bymobile communication device110, which can include all data generated by monitoringdevices280,380, and/or stored inmemory338.Reported data422 can include any data gleaned frommobile communication device110 itself, by virtue of whatdevice110 permits normally to be gleaned, plus what it generates as part of a custom software application (“app”), made according to embodiments.Reported data422 can further include anything thatuser382 reports live in acommunication412 withremote person492. Of course, where reporteddata422 is patient data, measures should be taken for the appropriate protection of privacy, such as encrypting, removing identification (“de-identifying”), and so on.
• More particularly,monitoring devices280,380, and measuringcircuit320 sense what are called one or more local parameters.Reported data422 can include the local parameters. Local parameters include patient physiological parameters, patient state parameters, system parameters and environmental parameters, each of which is discussed individually below.
• Patient physiological parameters include, for example, those physiological parameters that can be of any help in detecting by the wearable defibrillation system whether the person is in need of electrotherapy, plus optionally their history. Example such parameters include the person's blood oxygen level, blood flow, blood pressure, blood perfusion, pulsatile change in light transmission or reflection properties of perfused tissue, heart sounds, breathing sounds and pulse. Accordingly, appropriate monitoring devices could be a pulse oximeter, a Doppler device for detecting blood flow, a cuff for detecting blood pressure, illumination detectors and maybe sources for detecting color change in tissue, a device that can detect artery wall movement, a device with a microphone, and so on. Pulse detection is taught at least in Physio-Control's U.S. Pat. No. 8,135,462, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In addition, a person skilled in the art may implement other ways of performing pulse detection.
• In some embodiments, the local parameter is a trend that can be detected in a monitored physiological parameter ofpatient182. A trend can be detected by comparing values of parameters at different times. Parameters whose detected trends can particularly help a cardiac rehabilitation program include: a) cardiac function (ejection fraction), b) heart rate variability at rest or during exercise, c) heart rate profile during exercise and measurement of activity vigor, such as from the profile of an accelerometer signal and informed from adaptive rate pacemaker technology, d) heart rate trending, e) perfusion, such as from SpO2, CO2, f) respiratory function, respiratory rate, etc., g) motion, level of activity, and so on. Once a trend is detected, it can be reported as part of the data exchanged over via one of the comlinks, along perhaps with a warning. From the report, a physician monitoring the progress ofpatient182 will know about a condition that is not improving or deteriorating. In some instances, the physician can tailor more accurately the prescribed medical therapy (medication) and exercise regimen (prescribed physical activity program). That is because the course of treatment post-discharge for the post-Myocardial Infarct patient hinges greatly on the improvement and recovery progress and return of cardiac function.
• Patient state parameters include the person's motion, posture, whether they have said anything recently, and so on, plus optionally the history of these parameters. The monitoring device may include a motion detector, which can be made in many ways as is known in the art. Or, the monitoring device could include a GPS, which informs of the location, and the rate of change of location over time. Many motion detectors output a motion signal that is indicative of the motion of the detector, and thus of the person's body. Patient state parameters can be very helpful in narrowing down the determination of whether SCA is indeed taking place. For example, it is known how to infer the activities and likely severity of the patient condition by interpreting motion signals. For instance, if the person stops moving at a time when they are expected to be moving or continue moving, or exhibits other behavior that indicates that SCA may be taking place, that can be cause for increased scrutiny, and initiative to contact the patient and/or a remote doctor.
• In some embodiments, both the person's physiological parameters and state parameters can be monitored in combination. The value of the physiological parameter becomes better informed from the motion profile, as is the appropriate threshold for determining whether an actionable episode is taking place so as to escalate. The threshold can be adjusted accordingly. For example, if the person is running, then a somewhat higher pulse rate may be tolerated until a time after they stop, without needing to escalate, and so on.
• System parameters ofwearable defibrillation system101 can include system identification, battery status, system date and time, reports of self-testing, records of data entered, records of episodes and intervention, and so on.
• Environmental parameters can include ambient temperature and pressure. A humidity sensor may provide information as to whether it is raining. Presumed patient location could also be considered an environmental parameter. The patient location could be presumed ifmonitoring device280 or380 includes a Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor. Alternately, presumed location data can be gleaned frommobile communication device110 and reported.
• The exchanged data vialocal comlink171 can thus be patient status data, whether it is self-reported, or sensed bysystem101. From considering the severity of the patient status data, another triggered function can be thatsystem101 decides thatOther Entity190 should be notified, and when that should be done. As such,system101 may further select one of at least two possible notifying times, based on the patient status data. At the selected notifying time,system101 may then establish theremote comlink172 orbypass link476. Such establishing can be automatic, or while involving the patient, for example as is described elsewhere in this document. Once the attempted comlink is indeed established,Other Entity190 can be notified, and perhaps also receive the patient status data, possibly with annotations for context, and so on. The notified caregiver withinOther Entity190 would then make an assessment, and determine what needs to be done. If the patient status data suggests the patient condition is urgent, the selected notifying time should be as soon as possible. Other suggested conditions can wait longer, for example be part of routine notifying, such as periodic notifying. The selection of the notifying time can be subject to additional rules. In addition, who exactly is notified withinOther Entity190 can also be based on rules for triaging based on the patient status data. The benefit is that a deteriorating condition may be treated earlier than otherwise.
• While the above has been mentioned for use with amobile communication device110, the invention is not so limited. In other embodiments,wearable defibrillator system101 can establish a local comlink with a home security alarm system, a vehicle communication system, an in-flight airplane Wi-Fi internet connection, and so-on. The home security alarm system application could be advantageous if the system is land-line connected in an area of marginal cellular coverage.System101 could trigger an alarm and response via Wi-Fi to the home security alarm system, the vehicle communication system—such as OnStar(R)—and the airplane Wi-Fi internet connection. Accordingly, much of what has been written aboutmobile communication device110 in this document can also apply to a home security alarm system, a vehicle communication system, and an airplane Wi-Fi internet connection.
• FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating sample preliminary operations for establishing alocal comlink571 that is akin tolocal comlink171. Such preliminary operations are sometimes also known as “handshake”. In this set of embodiments, the initiative for the handshake is taken bymobile communication device110.
• InFIG. 5, the preliminary operations are depicted generally along a vertical time axis.User382 is depicted next towearable defibrillator system101.System101 is depicted as separated frommobile communication device110 by anair interface501. In other words, the exchanges of the handshake betweensystem101 anddevice110 are over the air, i.e. by wireless signals.
• In optional and preferred embodiments,wearable defibrillation system101 is associated withmobile communication device110 in advance of establishinglocal comlink571. Such advance associating505, also known as pre-associating, will address some of the concerns about security, and quick establishment of the local comlink. Indeed, establishment may have to happen quickly in the event of an emergency. Advance associating is convenient whendevice110 is that of the patient, and associating performed by the doctor, when the patient first receiveswearable defibrillation system101. Associating may also happen indirectly, whendevice110 downloads an app, which is described later in this document.
• In many embodiments,mobile communication device110 transmits atransaction request515, so as to initiate the establishment oflocal comlink571. Accordingly,local comlink571 becomes established ifwearable defibrillator system101, and more specifically one of its communication modules, receivestransaction request515 overair interface501. In some embodiments,local comlink571 can be established immediately upon such receipt, but care should be taken about security and privacy. As such, in many embodiments, a validity criterion of the receivedtransaction request515 is first checked; and thenlocal comlink571 becomes established iftransaction request515 additionally meets that validity criterion.
• There are a number of possibilities for implementing the validity criterion. One example is where there has been associating SOS. The associating will have informed the devices about each other. Another example of a validity criterion is to inform, in advance,wearable defibrillator system101 of the identity of possible devices that might emittransaction request515. One more example is determining whethertransaction request515 has the right password forsystem101. Passwords can be updated during off hours, as part of other downloads and so on. Many of these possibilities are for checking the validity criterion automatically, without burdeninguser382.
• Yet another example for implementing the validity criterion is with the participation and authorization ofuser382. In some embodiments, a user interface ofwearable defibrillator system101 is configured to output a human-perceptible indication, when it receives the transaction request. The human-perceptible indication can be an image, but is preferably a vibration or sound so as to get the user's attention. The sound could invite the user to do something specific, so as to indicate his assent about the local comlink being established. In the example ofFIG. 5, the human-perceptible indication is a sound525; upon hearing it,user382 pushes buttons onsystem101 according tooperation530. The button-pushing, or other such action, is received as anack input545 at the user interface ofsystem101. (“ack” is a short for “acknowledgement”.) Accordingly, the local comlink can become established if the user interface additionally receives the ack input, which will have been due to the outputted human-perceptible indication. For concluding the handshake,system101 can then optionally transmit anack signal555 todevice110, in response totransaction request515, and so on.
• There are even more options for implementing the validity criterion according to embodiments. For example,user382 can be challenged to enter a password, and so on. For another example,device110 can display a random number, and the human-perceptible indication can also indicate the same number at the same time, which would contribute to the peace of mind of the user about accepting the call.
• FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating sample preliminary operations for establishing alocal comlink671 that is akin tolocal comlink171. In this set of embodiments, the initiative for the handshake is taken bywearable defibrillator system101.
• InFIG. 6, the preliminary operations are depicted generally along a vertical time axis.Wearable defibrillation system101 is depicted as separated frommobile communication device110 by anair interface501, as inFIG. 5. In optional and preferred embodiments,system101 is pre-associated withmobile communication device110, by performing an operation of associating505 that was described above with reference toFIG. 5.
• In many embodiments, for initiating the establishment oflocal comlink671,wearable defibrillator system101 monitors whether a local connection condition is met. If it is met, thensystem101, and more particularly its communication module, is configured to attempt to establishlocal comlink671. InFIG. 6 this is shown by a flowchart segment where, according to anoperation610, it is checked whether the local connection condition is met. The operation is in an infinite loop, and does not proceed further, until the condition is met. Then, according tooperation620, the attempt takes place.
• The requirement of meeting the local connection condition can be implemented because there may be different reasons forsystem101 to initiate the establishment oflocal comlink671. One such reason may be that the wearer is having a physiological episode of some sort. For example, as mentioned already above, one of the monitoring devices may sense a local parameter. In that case, the local connection condition can be met if the local parameter exceeds a threshold.
• Another reason forsystem101 to initiate the establishment oflocal comlink671 may be simplicity if the user initiates, at least in terms of security. In such embodiments, a user interface ofsystem101 can receive a connection input, for example when the user presses a specific button. In that case, the local connection condition can be met if the connection input is received.
• In many embodiments,wearable defibrillation system101 attempts to establishlocal comlink671 by transmitting apolling signal625. In other words, attempt620 is performed by transmitting apolling signal625.Polling signal625 will be received bydevice110 acrossair interface501. In some of these embodiments,local comlink671 can be established additionally if anacceptance signal645 is received, responsive to transmittingpolling signal625.
• It will be appreciated that the handshakes ofFIG. 5 andFIG. 6 are not mutually exclusive. Rather, both can be operative at the same time, assystem101 anddevice110 might demonstrate initiative under different scenarios, in addition, hybrid handshakes can be implemented. For example, according toFIG. 5,device110 can transmit atransaction request515. That could meet the local connection condition ofoperation610, in which case, according tooperation620, there is an attempt by transmittingpolling signal625.
• There are additional possibilities. For one example, if the attempt to establish the local comlink fails, a user interface ofsystem101 may output a human-perceptible indication, such as an alarming sound. This will notifyuser382 that, while their system is trying to communicate the attempt at establishing the local comlink failed.
• Moreover, the communication module ofsystem101 can be further configured to causeremote comlink172 to also be established automatically. Such embodiments are described later in this document.
• At some time, it may be desirable forwearable defibrillation system101 to terminate communication, for example when all the data that is to be transmitted has indeed been transmitted. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the communication module is further configured to disestablish automatically the local comlink.
• Instead of disestablishment, there could also be transition to other modes, such asdevice110's “airplane” mode.Device110 could either automatically go into airplane mode when a condition is met, or require a user input to go into that mode.
• Additionally, in some embodiments, the user can terminate the local comlink. This can take place by configuringsystem101 to receive a disconnection input from the user. In that case, the local comlink can become disestablished when the disconnection input is received.
• Returning toFIG. 4, in some embodiments, a backup functionality is optionally and preferably provided.Wearable defibrillation system101, and in particular its communication module, is further configured to establish abypass comlink476 in addition tocomlink171.Bypass comlink476 does not includemobile communication device110.Bypass comlink476 connectssystem101 with one of the other devices innetwork180, which could be a device ofOther Entity190. As such, data can be transmitted betweensystem101 and the other device viabypass comlink476. The data can be the same as reporteddata422, or controldata421, with the same effect as described above with reference to that data.
• The backup functionality can be a feature that may be used in an emergency. So, in some embodiments, bypasscomlink476 becomes established if the communication module ofsystem101 attempts to establishlocal comlink171, but the attempt fails. Establishment can be automatic, with or without telling the user, and so on.
• The backup functionality can also be a feature that may be used as an alternate. So, in some embodiments, a user interface ofsystem101 can receive a choice input byuser382, which indicates which of the comlinks—local comlink171 or bypasscomlink476—is to be used. Accordingly, data can be transmitted via the chosen one of the comlinks instead of the other, responsive to the choice input entered by the user.
• The above-mentioned devices and/or systems perform functions and/or methods, as described in this document. The functions and/or methods may be implemented by one or more devices that include logic circuitry. The logic circuitry may includeprocessor330 that may be programmable for a general purpose, or dedicated, such as microcontroller, a microprocessor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), etc. The logic circuitry may also include storage media, such asmemory338. Such a storage medium can be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. These storage media, individually or in combination with others, can have stored thereon programs that the processor may be able to read. The programs can include instructions in the form of code, which the processor may be able to execute upon reading. Executing is performed by physical manipulations of physical quantities.
• Moreover, methods and algorithms are described below. These methods and algorithms are not necessarily inherently associated with any particular logic device or other apparatus. Rather, they are advantageously implemented by programs for use by a computing machine, such as a general-purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, etc.
• Often, for the sake of convenience only, it is preferred to implement and describe a program as various interconnected distinct software modules or features, individually and collectively also known as software. This is not necessary, however, and there may be cases where modules are equivalently aggregated into a single program, even with unclear boundaries. In some instances, software is combined with hardware, in a mix called firmware.
• This detailed description includes flowcharts, display images, algorithms, and symbolic representations of program operations within at least one computer readable medium. An economy is achieved in that a single set of flowcharts is used to describe both programs, and also methods. So, while flowcharts described methods in terms of boxes, they also concurrently describe programs.
• Methods are now described. Operations of these methods can also be as described above.
• FIG. 7 shows aflowchart700 for describing methods according to embodiments. The methods offlowchart700 are for a wearable defibrillation system that is worn by a patient who ordinarily carries a mobile communication device such asdevice110. These methods may also be practiced by embodiments described above.
• According to anoptional operation710, a wearable defibrillation system is pre-associated with a mobile communication device.
• According to anext operation720, a local comlink is established with the mobile communication device. Establishing can be with the initiative being on either side, as per the above.
• According to an optionalnext operation730, it is inquired whether the local comlink has indeed become established. If the establishing has failed then, according tooptional operation735, a human-perceptible indication is output, to warn a user.
• If the local comlink has indeed become established then, according to an optional next operation740, a remote comlink is caused to become established.
• According to anext operation750, data is exchanged via the local comlink. Examples were seen with reference toFIG. 4. Of the various data flows, particularlydata flow411 can include guidance data for the user. An example was for when mobile communication device can be used as the live man switch. Two more examples are provided below.
• FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a sample image that could be displayed on ascreen832 of a mobile communication device, while the wearable defibrillator system could be performingoperation750 offlowchart700. The image is due to guidance data received by the mobile communication device according todata flow411. Depending on the context of use, projecting the image may be accompanied with a vibration or a sound, so as to get the attention of the user. The particular sample image ofFIG. 8 can arise if the patient is moving or being moved, such as being in a moving car. The motion would result in, among other things, artifacts in the patient's ECG readings; as such it would be difficult for the wearable defibrillation system to make a decision as to whether a defibrillation shock is advised. Upon seeing the image onscreen832, the wearer would hopefully stop moving, and then wait or eventouch screen832 where indicated.
• FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another sample image that could be displayed by a mobile communication device performing an operation of the flowchart ofFIG. 7.
• FIG. 9, similarly withFIG. 8, is a diagram showing a sample image that can be displayed on ascreen932 of a mobile communication device, while the wearable defibrillator system could be performingoperation750 offlowchart700. The particular sample image ofFIG. 9 can arise if the wearable defibrillator system senses, for example, that the patient is about to have an episode, or an episode is now worsening. Upon seeing the image onscreen932, the wearer would hopefully callremote person492, and thus be better prepared. In so doing, the patient would be establishing the remote comlink asuser382.
• There can be many instances of the images ofFIG. 8 andFIG. 9. These images can be better informed by the additionally monitored data. For example, in the instance ofFIG. 9, if a pattern of the signal from the motion detector revealed that the wearer is in a car, it might additionally suggest to the wearer that they pull over to the side of the road.
• Returning toFIG. 7, according to anext operation760, the patient may be defibrillated by the wearable defibrillator system. Defibrillation can be as described above.
• FIG. 10 shows aflowchart1000 for describing methods for patients according to embodiments. The methods offlowchart1000 may also be practiced by patients using embodiments described in this document.
• According to anoperation1010, a patient may wear a wearable defibrillation system.
• According to anext operation1020, the patient may carry a mobile communication device, and use it as auser382. If a language translation module is indeed available, the patient may enter in advance in the mobile communication device a selection of a preferred one of at least two, and possibly many, available languages. The mobile communication device may have established a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system that the patient is wearing. The patient may also have performed acts to establish the local comlink, and may perform later acts to disestablish it.
• According to an optionalnext operation1030, the patient may cause the mobile communication device to also establish a remote comlink, in addition to the local comlink. For doing so, the patient may enter a remote access request in the mobile communication device, and so on.
• According to an optionalnext operation1040, the patient may perceive a human-perceptible indication from the mobile communication device. If the patient has entered in advance his selection of a preferred language, the mobile communication device will use it because of the entered selection, and the human-perceptible indication will be perceived in the preferred language.
• According to an optionalnext operation1050, the patient may act according to the indication. A number of examples from above are apt also here. First, the human-perceptible indication can be a challenge to the patient, to perform an indicated act so as to prove they are not suffering from SCA. In that case, the patient's acting would be to perform the indicated act. Second, the human perceptible indication can be as inFIG. 8, in which case acting would include the patient reducing an amount of their bodily motion. Third, the human perceptible indication can be as inFIG. 9, in which case acting would include the patient to cause the mobile communication device to establish the remote comlink. It will be appreciated that many such examples could be implemented from different types of guidance data arriving via the local comlink. In some embodiments, guidance data could ultimately be sourcing fromother entity190, such as an intervening doctor, and arriving either viaremote comlink172, or viabypass comlink476 andlocal comlink171.
• According to anext operation1060, the patient may receive a defibrillation shock from the wearable defibrillation system, while wearing it. In addition to the above, a patient may perform what is mentioned elsewhere in this document that can be performed byuser382.
• FIG. 11 is a diagram showing possible sample components of amobile communication device1110.Device1110 could be the same asdevice110 that is depicted inFIG. 1.Mobile communication device1110 is typically provided with a housing1112, and its components are typically within housing1112.Device1110 is typically powered by abattery1114 that is rechargeable, for portability ofmobile communication device1110.
• Mobile communication device1110 includes one ormore antennas1116 for wireless communication.Device1110 also includes RF (radio frequency)circuitry1118.RF circuitry1118 cooperates with antenna(s)1116 to receive and send RF signals.RF circuitry1118 converts wired electrical signals to/from RF signals.RF circuitry1118 may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory, and so forth. The one ormore antennas1116, plusRF circuitry1118, can establish comlinks as per the above, when cooperating with one of the communication modules ofmobile communication device1110 that are described below.
• Mobile communication device1110 additionally includes acontroller1122, for controlling its operation.Controller1122 can be one or more processors, implemented as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a digital signal processor, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other implementation.Controller1122 can be optionally combined in a single chip with a memory controller and a peripherals interface.
• Device1110 also includes amemory1124, which can include both persistent/non-volatile and non-persistent/volatile memory components.Memory1124 can be implemented in any technology for memory for such devices, for example RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, and so on. Additional memory components may be plugged in from a device external to housing1112, such as a thumb drive, in some embodiments. As such,memory1124 can include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.Memory1124 can storeprograms1126 anddata1127.Programs1126 can include instructions that can be executed bycontroller1122.Programs1126 may include an operating system, such as, for example, Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Symbian, or BlackBerry OS.
• In addition, one or more app(s)1129 can be stored inmemory1124, as mentioned above. App(s)1129 can also include instructions that can be executed bycontroller1122. Common app(s)1129 can be provided for a contacts module, an email client module, a calendar module, a camera module, a maps module, and so on.
• It will be appreciated that many of the methods of the invention can be performed bymobile communication device1110 due to one or more special app(s)1129, in addition to common apps. Even ifmobile communication device1110 is initially provided in a more generic form without special app(s)1129, the latter may be downloaded later, for example using the communication arrangement ofFIG. 1.
• Mobile communication device1110 further includes auser interface1130, for use by a user, such asuser382.User interface1130 includes individual devices for receiving inputs by the user, generating outputs for the user, or both. The outputs for the user can be human-perceptible indications, such as sounds, vibrations, lights, images, and so on. Examples of such individual devices include a screen that could be a touch screen, a physical keypad, an optical finger interface, one or more speakers, one or more microphones, one or more accelerometers, and so on. Such devices can be included within housing1112, or can be added by a separate plugin, such as a keypad, a keyboard, a display, and a speaker.
• Mobile communication device1110 moreover includes acommunication module1132.Module1132 can conduct communication using any one of a variety of standards, protocols and technologies. Examples of the latter are Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (COMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for email (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
• Additionally,mobile communication device1110 can include a contactless communication I/O module1134.Module1134 can be used for short range detection and communication, such as Near-Field Communications (NFC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and so on.
• Mobile communication device1110 can also include alocation detection system1136, which can be implemented with GPS.Device1110 can further include one ormore sensor mechanisms1138.Mechanisms1138 can include one or more accelerometers, a proximity sensor, a magnetometer, optical sensors, an image sensor, and so on. Data captured bylocation detection system1136 andsensor mechanisms1138 can be stored asdata1127.
• Programs1126, and also app(s)1129, can advantageously coordinate their use with components ofdevice1110. For example, and depending on the application, antenna(s)1116 may be used to detect electromagnetic fields (EMF), and a microphone ofuser interface1130 may be used to detect sound. Many of the components of a mobile communication device are well known in the field, and therefore and are not described further.
• It will be appreciated that modes ofmobile communication device1110 can be used advantageously according to embodiments. For example,device1110 could be placed in a video mode for transmitting video in addition to transmitting voice as a telephone. Moreover,device1110 could be placed in an answer mode, so someone fromOther Entity190 could talk with and listen to a bystander, without requiring the patient to answer the call.
• FIG. 12 shows aflowchart1200 for describing methods according to embodiments. The methods offlowchart1200 may be practiced by a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, such as described above.
• According to anoptional operation1210, the mobile communication device can be associated with the wearable defibrillation system.
• According to an optionalnext operation1220, it can be inquired as to whether a defibrillator access input has been received by the user. Such inputs are received by the user interface of the mobile communication device. The operation is optional, in that it is included in some embodiments but not others. It may not be included in embodiments where it is desired to have some operations be performed automatically. While a defibrillator access input has not been received,flowchart1200 does not progress beyondoperation1220, in some embodiments.
• According to anext operation1230, a local comlink is established with the defibrillation system.Operation1230 can be performed as described above, including alsoFIGS. 5 and 6. In addition, those processes can be further enhanced by additionally requiring that the mobile communication device first wait for a confirmation input by the user before establishing the local comlink.
• According to anext operation1240, guidance data is received via the local comlink. According to anext operation1250, human-perceptible indications are emitted per the guidance data. The indications are emitted responsive to receiving the guidance data, and are intended as guidance to the user. These indications are emitted from a user interface of the mobile communication device, for example as shown inFIGS. 8 and 9 above. It will be recognized that, while some types of guidance data are intended for the user to do something, other types of guidance data are intended simply for informing the user.
• At some time, it may be desirable for the data communication to be terminated naturally. In some instances,wearable defibrillation system101 may determine that this time has come. In some embodiments, therefore, the local comlink then becomes disestablished by the wearable defibrillation system. In addition, the user may be notified.
• In other embodiments,system101 may ask the user to terminate the communication, or acknowledge that it is being terminated. For example, the emitted human-perceptible indications may indicate that the local comlink may now be disestablished. The indications may further invite the user to enter a termination input. When the termination input is indeed entered, the local comlink can become disestablished.
• FIG. 13 shows a flowchart1300 for describing methods according to embodiments. The methods of flowchart1300 may be practiced by a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, such as described above.
• FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating ways in which comlinks can be established, and the data flows that they enable, according to embodiments ofFIG. 13. As such, many of the operations ofFIG. 13 will be described together with analogous items inFIG. 14.
• According to an optional operation1310, the mobile communication device becomes associated with the wearable defibrillation system. This operation, which is repeated in other methods, is performed for establishing the local comlink later more easily, as described above.
• According to a next operation1320, a local comlink is established with the defibrillation system. A samplelocal comlink1471 is shown inFIG. 14.
• According to a next operation1330, a remote access request is received via the established local comlink. Aremote access request1432 is shown inFIG. 14. The remote access request is a request by a wearable defibrillation system that the remote comlink be established with a device in the network, so that the wearable defibrillation system can ultimately forward data to it, or request data from it. Optionally, a human-perceptible indication is output by the user interface, in response to receiving the remote access request.
• According to a next operation1340, a remote comlink is established, responsive to the remote access request. The remote comlink is with another device in a network. In some embodiments, establishment is without intervention by the user, in other words it is automatic. Even where establishment is automatic there is optional notification to the user, by suitably adapting the optional human-perceptible indication described above with reference to operation1330. A box foroperation1440, akin to operation1340, can be seen inFIG. 14.
• In some instances, the remote comlink is with a preset other device in another entity, such asOther Entity190, which is familiar withsystem101. In other instances, the remote comlink is with an emergency telephone number. Such a telephone number is “911” in the USA, and there are different numbers in different countries.
• According to a next operation1350, data is received via the local comlink. Such can be seen as receiveddata1452 inFIG. 14, and could be of the nature of reporteddata422 shown inFIG. 4. There can also be data traveling in the opposite direction, in response.
• According to a next operation1360, the received data is forwarded via the remote comlink. Such can be seen as forwardeddata1462 inFIG. 14.
• In some embodiments of the forwarding operation,device110 has a dual communication mode, for both comlinks to be active concurrently. For example, whendevice110 has access to a Wi-Fi (or high band width) data connection, all data can be streamed (including continuous ECG), or periodically transmitted, and thus forwarded toOther Entity190. In the case when Wi-Fi is intermittently available, subsets of the data would be intermittently forwarded. This would be useful in the case of an emergency, when a condition has been detected where help is required. The bandwidth availability and connection availability can be gauged so that a determination can be made as to whether much data can be transmitted, or little. If little data can be transmitted, then a judgment can be made as to which data to transmit. For example, transmission could start with the patient name, condition and location. If more bandwidth is available, perhaps a strip of ECG can be added, and so on.
• As with all other methods in this description, the methods of flowchart1300 can be augmented with additional operations, such as notifying the user of other events by outputting more human-perceptible indications. These other events can be, for example, if the remote comlink fails to become established, or the local or the remote comlink becomes disestablished, when the desired data transmission is complete and it is time to terminate, when one or both of the comlinks may be disconnected, and so on.
• FIG. 15 shows aflowchart1500 for describing methods according to embodiments. The methods offlowchart1500 may be practiced by a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, such as described above.
• FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram illustrating ways in which comlinks can be established, and the data flows that they enable, according to embodiments ofFIG. 15. As such, many of the operations ofFIG. 15 will be described together with analogous items inFIG. 16.
• According to anoptional operation1510, the mobile communication device can be associated with the wearable defibrillation system.
• According to anext operation1520, a remote comlink is established with another device in a network. A samplelocal comlink1672 is shown inFIG. 16.
• According to anext operation1530, a local access request is received via the established remote comlink. Alocal access request1632 is shown inFIG. 16. The local access request is a request by another network device withinOther Entity190 that the local comlink be established with the wearable defibrillation system, so that the other network device may ultimately forward data to it, or request data from it. Optionally, a human-perceptible indication is output by the user interface, in response to receiving the local access request.
• According to anext operation1540, a local comlink is established, responsive to the local access request. The local comlink is the wearable defibrillator system. In some embodiments, establishment is without intervention by the user, in other words it is automatic. Even where establishment is automatic there is optional notification to the user, by suitably adapting the optional human-perceptible indication described above with reference tooperation1530. A box foroperation1640, akin tooperation1540, can be seen inFIG. 16.
• According to anext operation1550, data is received via the remote comlink. Such can be seen as receiveddata1652 inFIG. 16, and could be of the nature ofcontrol data421 shown inFIG. 4. There can also be data traveling in the opposite direction, in response.
• According to anext operation1560, the received data is forwarded via the remote comlink. Such can be seen as forwardeddata1662 inFIG. 16.
• Moreover, the methods offlowchart1500 can be augmented as above, and especially as the methods of flowchart1300.
• FIG. 17 shows aflowchart1700 for describing methods according to embodiments. The methods offlowchart1700 may be practiced by a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, such as described above. It will be appreciated that the methods offlowchart1700 are formobile communication device110 to facilitate communication, by acting as an intermediary betweenwearable communication system101 andOther Entity190.
• According to anoptional operation1710, the mobile communication device can become associated with the wearable defibrillation system.
• Mobile communication device110 can be an intermediary by receiving data via the one comlink, and forwarding it via the other. Accordingly, in anext operation1720, a local comlink is established with the defibrillation system. According to anotheroperation1730, a remote comlink is established with another device in a network. The remote comlink may be established concurrently with the local comlink or not.
• According to onemore operation1740, data is received from one of the comlinks, either the local or the remote. According to an optionalnext operation1750, the received data is stored for some convenient time, which can exceed 10 sec.
• According to anext operation1760, the received data is forwarded via the remote comlink, to the other device. In some embodiments, the forwarded data is data that has been stored first, according tooptional operation1750. For that, the comlinks need not be established concurrently. In other embodiments, where the comlinks are established concurrently, as data is received from the one of the comlinks, it is forwarded to the other substantially immediately.
• Moreover, features and facilities ofmobile communication device110 can be added to the received data for forwarding. For example, the mobile communication device is capable of generating location data about its instant location, such as by having a GPS feature. Accordingly, in one embodiment where forwarding is from the local comlink to the remote comlink, the location data fromdevice110 is added to the received data, and also forwarded via the remote comlink.
• In the flowcharts described above, each operation can be performed as an affirmative step of doing or causing to happen what is written that can take place. Such doing or causing to happen can be by the whole system or device, or just one or more components of it. In addition, the order of operations is not constrained to what is shown, and different orders may be possible according to different embodiments. Moreover, in certain embodiments, new operations may be added, or individual operations may be modified or deleted. The added operations can be, for example, from what is mentioned while primarily describing a different system, device or method.
• A person skilled in the art will be able to practice the present invention in view of this description, which is to be taken as a whole. Details have been included to provide a thorough understanding. In other instances, well-known aspects have not been described, in order to not obscure unnecessarily the present invention.
• This description includes one or more examples, but that does not limit how the invention may be practiced. Indeed, examples or embodiments of the invention may be practiced according to what is described, or yet differently, and also in conjunction with other present or future technologies.
• Other embodiments include combinations and sub-combinations of features described herein, including for example, embodiments that are equivalent to: providing or applying a feature in a different order than in a described embodiment, extracting an individual feature from one embodiment and inserting such feature into another embodiment; removing one or more features from an embodiment; or both removing a feature from an embodiment and adding a feature extracted from another embodiment, while providing the advantages of the features incorporated in such combinations and sub-combinations.
• The following claims define certain combinations and subcombinations of elements, features and steps or operations, which are regarded as novel and non-obvious. Additional claims for other such combinations and subcombinations may be presented in this or a related document.

Claims (56)

1. A mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, comprising:

one or more antennas for exchanging data via a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network;

a user interface for use by the user;

one or more processors;

a memory; and

one or more programs stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing operations comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

receiving guidance data via the local comlink; and

emitting human-perceptible indications from the user interface responsive to receiving the guidance data.

2. The device ofclaim 1, in which the operations further comprise:

associating the mobile communication device with the wearable defibrillation system prior to establishing the local comlink.

3. The device ofclaim 1, in which

the local comlink is established if a defibrillator access input has been received by the user.

4. The device ofclaim 1, in which

the local comlink is established by transmitting a transaction request intended for receipt by the wearable defibrillation system.

5. The device ofclaim 4, in which

the local comlink is established if additionally an ack signal is received in response to the transaction request.

6. The device ofclaim 1, in which

the local comlink is established by receiving a polling signal by the wearable defibrillation system.

7. The device ofclaim 6, in which the operations further comprise:

transmitting a transaction request intended for receipt by the wearable defibrillation system responsive to receiving the polling signal.

8. The device ofclaim 6, in which the operations further comprise:

transmitting an acceptance signal responsive to receiving the polling signal.

9. The device ofclaim 1, in which

the local comlink then becomes disestablished by the wearable defibrillation system.

10. The device ofclaim 1, in which

the emitted human-perceptible indications indicate that the local comlink may now be disestablished and invite user to enter a termination input, and

if a termination input is indeed entered, the local comlink becomes disestablished.

11. A method for a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, in which the device includes a user interface and one or more antennas for exchanging data via a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network, the method comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

receiving guidance data via the local comlink; and

emitting human-perceptible indications from the user interface responsive to receiving the guidance data.

12-20. (canceled)

21. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions that can be executed by a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, in which the mobile communication device includes a user interface and one or more antennas for exchanging data via a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network, and in which, when the instructions are executed by the mobile communication device, they cause the device to perform operations comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

receiving guidance data via the local comlink; and

emitting human-perceptible indications from the user interface responsive to receiving the guidance data.

22-30. (canceled)

31. A mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, comprising:

one or more antennas;

a user interface for use by the user;

one or more processors;

a memory; and

one or more programs stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions fir performing operations comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system;

receiving, via the local comlink, a remote access request;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, without intervention by the user, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network responsive to receiving the remote access request, the remote comlink distinct from the local comlink;

then receiving data via the local comlink; and

forwarding the received data via the remote comlink.

32. The device ofclaim 31, in which the operations further comprise:

associating the mobile communication device with the wearable defibrillation system prior to establishing the local comlink.

33. The device ofclaim 31, in which

the local comlink is established by transmitting a transaction request intended for receipt by the wearable defibrillation system.

34. The device ofclaim 33, in which

the local comlink is established if additionally an ack signal is received in response to the transaction request.

35. The device ofclaim 31, in which

the local comlink is established by receiving a polling signal by the wearable defibrillation system.

36. The device ofclaim 35, in which the operations further comprise:

transmitting a transaction request intended for receipt by the wearable defibrillation system responsive to receiving the polling signal.

37. The device ofclaim 35, in which the operations further comprise:

transmitting an acceptance signal responsive to receiving the polling signal.

38. The device ofclaim 31, in which the operations further comprise:

outputting by the user interface a human-perceptible indication in response to receiving the remote access request.

39. The device ofclaim 31, in which

the remote comlink is with a preset other device in another entity.

40. The device ofclaim 31, in which

the remote comlink is with an emergency telephone number.

41. The device ofclaim 31, in which the operations further comprise:

outputting by the user interface a human-perceptible indication if the remote comlink fails to become established or becomes disestablished.

42. A method for a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, in which the device includes a user interface and one or more antennas, the method comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system;

receiving, via the local comlink, a remote access request;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, without intervention by the user, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network responsive to receiving the remote access request, the remote comlink distinct from the local comlink;

then receiving data via the local comlink; and

forwarding the received data via the remote comlink.

43-52. (canceled)

53. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions that can be executed by a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, in which the mobile communication device includes a user interface and one or more antennas, and in which, when the instructions are executed by the mobile communication device, they cause the device to perform operations comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system;

receiving, via the local comlink, a remote access request;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, without intervention by the user, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network responsive to receiving the remote access request, the remote comlink distinct from the local comlink;

then receiving data via the local comlink; and

forwarding the received data via the remote comlink.

54-63. (canceled)

64. A mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, comprising:

one or more antennas;

a user interface for use by the user;

one or more processors;

a memory; and

one or more programs stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing operations comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network;

receiving, via the remote comlink, a local access request;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, without intervention by the user, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system responsive to receiving the local access request, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

then receiving data via the remote comlink; and

forwarding the received data via the local comlink.

65. The device ofclaim 64, in which the operations further comprise:

associating the mobile communication device with the wearable defibrillation system prior to establishing the local comlink.

66. The device ofclaim 64, in which

the local comlink is established by transmitting a transaction request intended for receipt by the wearable defibrillation system.

67. The device ofclaim 66, in which

the local comlink is established if additionally an ack signal is received in response to the transaction request.

68. The device ofclaim 64, in which the operations further comprise:

outputting by the user interface a human-perceptible indication in response to receiving the local access command.

69. The device ofclaim 64, in which the operations further comprise:

outputting by the user interface a human-perceptible indication if the local comlink fails to become established or becomes disestablished.

70. A method for a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, in which the device includes a user interface and one or more antennas, the method comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network;

receiving, via the remote comlink, a local access request;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, without intervention by the user, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system responsive to receiving the local access request, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

then receiving data via the remote comlink; and

forwarding the received data via the local comlink.

71-75. (canceled)

76. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions that can be executed by a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, in which the mobile communication device includes a user interface and one or more antennas, and in which, when the instructions are executed by the mobile communication device, they cause the device to perform operations comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network;

receiving, via the remote comlink, a local access request;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, without intervention by the user, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system responsive to receiving the local access request, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

then receiving data via the remote comlink; and

forwarding the received data via the local comlink.

77-81. (canceled)

82. A mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, comprising:

one or more antennas;

a user interface for use by the user;

one or more processors;

a memory; and

one or more programs stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing operations comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

receiving data from one of the local and the remote comlink; and

forwarding the received data to the other one of the local and the remote comlink.

83. The device ofclaim 82, in which the operations further comprise:

associating the mobile communication device with the wearable defibrillation system prior to establishing the local comlink.

84. The device ofclaim 82, in which

the local comlink is established by transmitting a transaction request intended for receipt by the wearable defibrillation system.

85. The device ofclaim 84, in which

the local comlink is established if additionally an ack signal is received in response to the transaction request.

86. The device ofclaim 82, in which

the local comlink is established by receiving a polling signal by the wearable defibrillation system.

87. The device ofclaim 86, in which the operations further comprise:

transmitting a transaction request intended for receipt by the wearable defibrillation system responsive to receiving the polling signal.

88. The device ofclaim 86, in which the operations further comprise:

transmitting an acceptance signal responsive to receiving the polling signal.

89. The device ofclaim 82, in which the operations further comprise:

outputting by the user interface a human-perceptible indication if the local comlink or the remote comlink fails to become established.

90. The device ofclaim 82, in which

the local comlink and the remote comlink are established concurrently.

91. The device ofclaim 82, in which

as data is received from the one of the comlinks, it is forwarded to the other substantially immediately

92. The device ofclaim 82, in which the operations further comprise:

storing the received data for at least 10 sec before forwarding it.

93. The device ofclaim 82, in which the operations further comprise:

outputting by the user interface a human-perceptible indication if the local comlink or the remote comlink becomes disestablished.

94. The device ofclaim 82, in which

the data is received via the local comlink and forwarded via the remote comlink,

the mobile communication device is capable of generating location data about its instant location, and

the location data is also forwarded via the remote comlink.

95. A method for a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, in which the device includes a user interface and one or more antennas, the method comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

receiving data from one of the local and the remote comlink; and

forwarding the received data to the other one of the local and the remote comlink.

96-107. (canceled)

108. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs including instructions that can be executed by a mobile communication device that can be carried by a user who wears a wearable defibrillation system, in which the mobile communication device includes a user interface and one or more antennas, and in which, when the instructions are executed by the mobile communication device, they cause the device to perform operations comprising:

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a local comlink with the wearable defibrillation system;

establishing, via the one or more antennas, a remote comlink with one of other devices in a network, the local comlink distinct from the remote comlink;

receiving data from one of the local and the remote comlink; and

forwarding the received data to the other one of the local and the remote comlink.

109-120. (canceled)

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