US20130343233A1 - Mobile, pc, and web enhanced telecommunications environment - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and systems for providing enhanced telecommunications services are provided. Example embodiments provide a Enhanced Telecommunications System ETS, which provides less expensive calling and other services by initiating telephone requests using data request packets. In one embodiment, the ETS comprises a client communications device with client code, an ETS portal, an API server, one or more PABX servers, and various billing, payment, and accounting systems. Other systems, such as quality assurance and logging systems may also be available. These components cooperate to provide various telecommunications services. This abstract is provided to comply with rules requiring an abstract, and it is submitted with the intention that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD
• The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for performing telecommunications activities and, in particular, to methods and systems for using Internet capabilities in conjunction with a standard telecommunication network to offer highly accessible mobile, pc, and web telephony.
BACKGROUND
• Mobile telecommunications devices, such as cellular telephones, have become increasingly popular worldwide. However, in typical subscription programs, user's cellular plans are associated with a particular one or set of geographic regions. Pricing is determined under such plans typically based upon whether the caller is calling with the designated “plan” region or outside. Typically rates for calls placed to locations outside of the plan region cost substantially more than rates “in plan.” In addition, rates for calls placed internationally are similarly determined and for some may even be cost prohibitive.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is an example block diagram of components of an example Enhanced Telecommunications System.
• FIG. 2 is an example flow diagram of an overview of how the various components of an example embodiment of an Enhanced Telecommunications System interrelate to provide example telephony services.
• FIG. 3 summarizes the main use cases made available through the various communicators, for example, through mobile, PC, and web communicators.
• FIGS. 4A-4J illustrate examples of a graphical user interface provided by a YaaZZ Mobile Communicator to provide some of these functions.
• FIGS. 5A and 5B show examples of a graphical interface as provided on a YaaZZ PC Communicator to provide several of these functions.
• FIGS. 6A-6C show examples of a graphical interface as provided on a web version of the communicator to provide several of these functions.
• FIG. 7 is an example flow diagram of the basic call flow in a postpaid scenario using an Enhanced Telecommunications System.
• FIG. 8 is an example flow diagram of the basic call flow in a prepaid scenario using an Enhanced Telecommunications System.
• FIG. 9 is an example flow that illustrates further details of the YaaZZ ETS components used for the design of telephony applications in a postpaid scenario.
• FIG. 10 is an example flow that illustrates further details of the YaaZZ ETS components used for the design of telephony applications in a prepaid scenario.
• FIGS. 11A-D are example use case models for various telephony functions provided by a YaaZZ ETS Portal.
• FIGS. 12A-12I are example detailed activity flow diagrams for the various telephony functions provided by a YaaZZ ETS Communicator.
• FIGS. 13A-13E are detailed activity flow diagrams for various telephony functions provided by a YaaZZ ETS Portal according to the use case models ofFIGS. 11A and 11B.
• FIG. 14 is an example block diagram of an example computing system that may be used to practice embodiments of the Enhanced Telecommunications System described herein.
• FIG. 15 is an example block diagram of the levels of rebate-customization available in one embodiment.
• FIG. 16 is an example block diagram of the different components of the ETS system used to implement an example YaaZZ ETS Portal.
• FIG. 17 is an example block diagram of a systems architecture of an example embodiment of the Enhanced Telecommunications System configured to maintain high performance.
• FIG. 18 is a chart showing how different transaction statuses are handled in an example embodiment of a transaction daemon in an Enhanced Telecommunications System.
• FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an overview of the steps involved in a customer payment to the customer's YaaZZ ETS account.
• FIG. 20 is an example block diagram of an example API server connected to one or more PABX server computing systems to allow for load balancing.
• FIG. 21 is an example block diagram of the different application programming interfaces of an Enhanced Telecommunications System used to communicate with the various external systems.
• FIG. 22 is an example block diagram of the modules of an Asterisk PABX deployed in an example Enhanced Telecommunications System embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• Embodiments described herein provide enhanced computer- and network-based methods and systems for offering enhanced telecommunications services. Example embodiments provide a Enhanced Telecomm System (“ETS”), which enables, among other functions, mobile users to make less expensive phone calls by taking advantage of the lower rates typically available from bulk rate local telephone exchange systems. The ETS essentially provides its own exchange server, to which all ETS clients (PC phones, mobile phones, etc.) request certain services, for example, make a call, call from this number, make a conference call, etc. the ETS exchange server is then responsible for originating the respective phone call locally on behalf of the client user and then connecting the client user to the terminating phone number(s). Thus, the ETS is very beneficial for international customers (subscribers) who would otherwise incur very steep roaming charges when placing international calls. However, that the techniques of the ETS may be useful to create a variety of other telephony products.
• FIG. 1 is an example block diagram of components of an example Enhanced Telecommunications System. In one example embodiment, the Enhanced Telecommunications System comprises one or more functional components/modules that work together to provide enhanced services. For example, an Enhanced Telecommunications System100 may comprise one or moreclient communications devices102 with client code (such as aweb communicator102a,pc communicator102b, ormobile communicator102c); anETS portal110 for accessing the downloadable clients and for managing accounts; anAPI server111, to which the client communications devices communicate with for services; one ormore PABX servers112 that integrate into thestandard telecommunications network103; and various billing, payment, andaccounting systems104. Other systems, such as quality assurance systems may also be available. These components may be implemented in software or hardware or a combination of both.
• An example embodiment of one such ETS, called “YaaZZ” is described in detail as follows. The components of YaaZZ and the various 3^rdparty systems that may be used to implement some of the them are illustrated inFIG. 1. Other components and other 3^rdparty services, systems, architectures, etc. may be substituted be used in place or in addition to the ones illustrated yet still achieve the functionality desired. The YaaZZ system has been developed for providing international as well as local telecommunications services.
• As shown inFIG. 1, the components of YaaZZ100 as an example ETS work together to provide low cost telecommunications to customers, in both prepaid and postpaid circumstances. Using the Internet, three different clients (communicators)102 are provided (mobile102c, PC102b, and theweb102a) enabling users to make long distance phone calls without incurring long distance roaming charges. In summary, thecommunicator102 initiates calls and other telecommunications services through a data request to theAPI server111, which uses internal components, such as the PABXserver110, to cause calls (and other services) to occur at a bulk rate previously negotiated between andother carriers103. In addition, advanced services and user interfaces to the same, such as extended conference call capabilities, are made available through the above architecture.
• The main components of an example ETS such as YaaZZ100 include:
• • Portal102a, PC (personal computer)102band Mobile Communicators102c: Three different communicators (YaaZZ clients)102 for accessing the services that YaaZZ provides.
  • YaaZZ portal Server110: (with a transaction handler called ytransd): handles all requests from the Portal communicator.
  • API server111: TheAPI server111 handles requests from thecommunicators102 and theportal server110, and based on business rules requests the PABX Server112 to setup a call/conference via a telephony, or the SMS delivery carrier (e.g., Ericsson)103 to deliver a SMS message.
  • MySQL Server113: The YaaZZ main database (holds, for example, traffic data, customer data, etc.)
  • PABX Server112: An automatic switchboard, that sets up calls by sending a request to a telecommunications carrier such as TATA (a network operator).
  • Service Assurance114: A service assurance tool (e.g., Nagios). It can be connected to all internal services for monitoring, alarming, and logging.
• FIG. 2 is an example flow diagram of an overview of how the various components of an example embodiment of an Enhanced Telecommunications System interrelate to provide example telephony services. The example illustrated here demonstrates the operation of the ETS architecture to initiate a phone call in a prepaid scenario. As will be discussed further below, phone calls can be handled in a prepaid or postpaid manner. First, in action201auser requests a call using his preferred communicator software. Second, inaction202 the API Server checks user status against a local balance database. Third, inaction203 the API Server checks rating prices for the call according to the user's subscription type or rebates. Fourth, inaction204 the API server checks the available amount of calling time in accordance to the user's balance and the price of the call. If the user has enough calling time, the ETS continues. Fifth, inaction205 the API Server connects to the PABX server, initializing a call to Leg A and Leg B (and C or more, in the case of a conference call). If the maximum calling time for the user runs out, the user will get notification tones every 10 seconds, and the last 30 seconds. Then, an informational message will be played back before the user in connected (due the user's account being empty). Sixth, inaction206 the PABX triggers commitment of one or more CDR records in (e.g., local) database storage. Seventh, inactions207aand207bthe billing system reads raw CDR records every nth (e.g., 5^th) minute to create an accounting CDR and saves it to master storage. Eighth, inaction208 the billing system runs a batch process at a predetermined time (e.g., once a month), generating prepaid usage data to send to one or more invoicing partners. Ninth, inaction209 the one or more invoicing partners transmit invoice data to one or more accounting partners. Tenth, inaction210 the billing system updates customer status information storing in the one or more databases, if the customer does not pay. Other actions using the example architecture of the ETS are of course possible.
• Although the techniques of the Enhanced Telephony System and YaaZZ are generally applicable to any type of phone call and telephony messaging system it is possible to apply these techniques to other areas of telephony. Also, although the examples described herein often refer to a mobile call and the Internet, the techniques described herein can also be used by computer systems and other wide area networks other than the Internet, such as closed networking systems. In addition, the concepts and techniques described are applicable to other types of telephone devices even those not yet invented. Hence, the concepts and techniques described are applicable to other telephony and networking architectures.
• Also, although certain terms are used primarily herein, other terms could be used interchangeably to yield equivalent embodiments and examples. In addition, terms may have alternate spellings which may or may not be explicitly mentioned, and all such variations of terms are intended to be included.
• In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth, such as data formats and code sequences, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the described techniques. The embodiments described also can be practiced without some of the specific details described herein, or with other specific details, such as changes with respect to the ordering of the code flow, different code flows, etc. Thus, the scope of the techniques and/or functions described are not limited by the particular order, selection, or decomposition of steps described with reference to any particular routine.
ABBREVIATIONS
• SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
• PABX Private Automatic Branch eXchange (PABX) is a telephone exchange
• ASTERISK A open source/free software implementation of a telephone PABX
• IVR Interactive Voice Recognition—Technology that allows a computer to detect voice and touch tones using a normal phone call
• ACD Manages incoming calls and handles them based on the number called and an associated database of handling instructions
• VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a protocol optimized for the transmission of voice
• SIP Session Initiation Protocol (VoIP)
• CDR Call Data Record. Computer record produced by a telephone exchange containing details of a call that passed through
• Postpaid Postpaid refers to services where you pay after usage
• Prepaid Prepaid refers to services paid for in advance
• SMS Protocol for allowing the interchange of short messages between mobile telephone devices
• MYSQL Open source database management system
• CTI Technology that allows interactions on a telephone and a computer to be integrated or coordinated
• AGI Interface with which the Asterisk (PABX) communicates with user-created scripts
• SYSLOGD UNIX application used for security auditing
• DIAL PLAN List of expected number and pattern of digits for a telephone number
• CHANNEL Connection which brings in a call to the Asterisk PABX
• NAGIOS Network monitoring application software
• TDM Time Division Multiplexing
• NTP Network Time Protocol
ETS Communicators
• Various telephony functions are made available through embodiments of an ETS.FIG. 3 summarizes the main use cases made available through the various communicators, for example, through mobile, PC, and web communicators. In a current implementation of the YaaZZ embodiment, not all of the functions are available using each client (YaaZZ Communicator). However, it is to be understood that these interfaces may be further developed over time to offer equivalent functionality. A short description of each use case (indicated as an oval inFIG. 3) using a mobile YaaZZ Communicator follows. Erichsson capabilities are used to illustrate SMS function, although other equivalent providers could be substituted to provide SMS capability. Where possible, the descriptions refer to the detail flow charts that describe each function.FIGS. 4A-4J illustrate examples of a graphical user interface provided by a YaaZZ Mobile Communicator to provide some of these functions.FIGS. 5A and 5B show examples of a graphical interface as provided on a YaaZZ PC Communicator to provide several of these functions.FIGS. 6A-6C show examples of a graphical interface as provided on a web version of the communicator to provide several of these functions.
• • i.Use Call service301—The call service allows the user to call from his own mobile phone number (i.e., the phone number that is registered at YaaZZ) to any other phone, by entering the phone number that the customer would like to call.
    • SeeFIGS. 4A and 4B for an example of a user interface for the “call” service. See also,FIGS. 12A and 12B which illustrate activity (flow) diagrams for “call” (initiate and end call) using a YaaZZ Communicator.
  • ii. Use Call fromservice302—The “call from” service allows the user to place a call between the two phone numbers he enters as the “call from”-number and the “call to”-number. By using this service when abroad, the user can reduce his calling costs by placing a call from a local fixed line or local mobile phone (it is then less expensive to make a phone call from a fixed line or local mobile number than using an abroad SIM card).
    • SeeFIGS. 4A and 4C for an example of a user interface for the “call from” service. See alsoFIGS. 12A and 12B which illustrate activity (flow) diagrams for “call from” (initiate and end call) using a YaaZZ Communicator.
  • iii. SendSMS303—The SMS service allows the user to send SMS at a low cost.
    • SeeFIGS. 4e-4hfor an example of a user interface for the “SMS” service. See alsoFIG. 12C which illustrates an activity (flow) diagram for “SMS service” using a YaaZZ Communicator.
  • iv. “Conference call”service304—The conference service allows the user to have a conference with up to (currently)20 participants. A different maximum number of participants could be set by the system. The user enters (or selects from an address book or from another source of contact information) the phone number for each of the participants that shall be included in the conference, and sets up the conference call.
    • FIGS. 12D-12I illustrate activity flow diagrams for conference call capabilities using a YaaZZ Communicator. Example capabilities include initiating a conference call (FIG. 12D), ending one (FIG. 12E), leaving a conference call (FIG. 12F), adding a participant (FIG. 12G), terminating another participant (kick) (FIG. 12H), muting a participant (FIG. 12I), etc. Several graphical user interface (GUI) screen displays are shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B for the conference call service using the PC YaaZZ communicator.FIG. 4D shows a GUI example for a Mobile YaaZZ communicator.FIG. 6C shows a GUI example for a web based YaaZZ communicator.
  • v. Retrieve contact throughaddress book305—When using the “Call-”, “Call from-”, “Send SMS-” and “Conference”-service, the user can retrieve his contacts through an address book instead of entering the phone numbers himself. For the mobile client, this address book is the one that is available on the user's mobile phone. For the PC- and web-clients, the user may have its own contact list, which is available in the YaaZZ Web Portal.
  • vi. Readhelp description306—A help description that describes how to use the main services in the YaaZZ Communicator is available from each of the YaaZZ Communicator clients.
  • vii.View participant status307—While in a conference call, the YaaZZ Communicator GUI displays status information for each of the participants in the call, to the call initiator. This status information describes if the participant answers the call, is talking or not, has left the call, etc. For example, in the Communicator interface shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B, thestatus indicator501 indicates who is connected to the conference, e.g., thephone icon501 turns green when the participant is on the call, and thetalk balloon502 can be used to show which participant is talking, e.g., theballoon502 turns green when talking, red when not talking, etc. Different indicators and different techniques for indicating information other than color, for example, sound, vibrations, etc. may also be incorporated to indicate status information.
  • viii. Manage participants inconference call308—While in a conference call, the initiator of the conference call can manage the participants in the conference. This includes functionality, for example:
    • add new participants to the call. SeeFIG. 12G for a use case (flow) diagram describing these capabilities.
    • kick selected participants from the call. SeeFIG. 12H for a use case (flow) diagram describing the kick capability.
    • mute selected participants in the call. SeeFIG. 12I for a use case (flow) diagram describing the mute capability.
  •  Any participant can also leave the conference call. SeeFIG. 12F for a use case (flow) diagram describing the leave capability.
  • ix. Log on tomyPage309—The user can log on to his personal page (available through the YaaZZ portal, e.g., portal110 inFIG. 1) directly from the YaaZZ Communicator, by clicking the YaaZZ logo.
    • FIG. 13C shows an activity or flow diagram for logging into a user's personal page.FIG. 13D shows example activities that can be performed from a user's personal page such as to view customer information and change the password.FIG. 13E shows that the customer can download the “mobile” client application also from the user's personal page available through the YaaZZ portal.
• In addition to the conferencing capabilities demonstrated inFIG. 3, in some embodiments, other conferencing functionality (not shown in the flow diagrams) is also provided. The following functions are provided to additionally enhance conference call capability on potentially all of the ETS Communicators, including mobile, PC, and web communicators.
• • x. Mark to Comment. This feature allows any of the conference participants to mark a desire to comment. This is especially beneficial in large conference calls where it is hard to get an opportunity to speak. The participant as well as the conference initiator (the lead participant) can set and reset the comment request. It is also possible in some embodiments for the conference PABX server to detect the a member is commenting by means of voice duration detection. In some embodiments, a Mark to Comment indicator is shown so that others can see it too.
  • xi. Agree/Disagree. During a conference, the agree/disagree feature allows the participants to indicate a level of agreement to what is being said or discussed. In some embodiments, the indication is shown only to the lead participant. In others, it is shown to all or a select set of the participants. In some embodiments, different levels between agreement and disagreement can also be defined, for example, “needs more discussion offline”, etc.). Although there are potentially many purposes for such a tool, one purpose is to obtain a feel for consensus among the conference participants.
  • xii. Voting. This feature gives the lead participant an opportunity to put up a question for a vote. The question may be posed ahead of the call or during the call. When a “vote” is called for, the conference call goes into a voting mode which waits for the participants to indicate their votes to the question. In some embodiments, the results of the vote are displayed in near real time so that others can see. In other embodiments, the votes are tallied by the system and then an end result displayed. Different features can also be implemented such as different modes for ending the vote, naming and saving it, displaying it, etc.
  • xiii. Hot Conferencing. Some embodiments support a method of interconnecting a conference call with other conferencing systems such as Microsoft's Communicator, Outlook, management, and project applications. Some embodiments support conferencing as a “plug-in” so that a YaaZZ conference call may be set up from within another application automatically filling in contact information, agenda items, etc. From the other direction, from a YaaZZ conference call, using the “Hot Conferencing” feature, the lead participant can integrate other applications for direct use during the conference.
• Example YaaZZ Communicator Mobile Client
• In one of the example ETS embodiments of YaaZZ, the mobile client is distributed as a software application that can be downloaded from the YaaZZ portal and used on a mobile phone.FIGS. 4A-4J show an example user interface of an example embodiment of the YaaZZ mobile client of an Enhanced Telecomm System.
• YaaZZ has currently developed several different versions: 1) a J2ME—MIDP Java application, which most cellular phones support, and 2) a C# application for Windows CE mobiles such as personal information managers (PIMS). A specialized version is planned to be available for IPhone/IPod Touch. Other specialized platforms, such as Blackberry devices are also supported.
• The client uses regular HTTPS protocol to communicate with the YaaZZ API Server. On some cellular phones this means that a device can initiate this communication via WLAN, Bluetooth, Direct Cable, GPRS, EDGE, WiFi, GSM, CDMA, and 3G, depending on the phone's available technologies and J2ME implementation.
• Example YaaZZ Communicator PC Client
• In one of the example ETS embodiments of YaaZZ, the PC client is distributed as a software application that can be downloaded from the YaaZZ portal and used on a personal computers, for example an Apple MAC or a Window's based PC.
• This client has been developed in Java and hence is supported in all systems that have the latest compatible Java Runtime Environment. In an example deployment, the Linux version can come prepackaged for the Debian, Ubuntu and Mandriva operating systems, leaving room for more operating systems.
• This client uses secure HTTPS communication with the YaaZZ API Server. The client is shipped with a public root and private client certificate for communication with the YaaZZ Server. It can use any available Internet connection.
• Example YaaZZ Communicator Web Client
• The YaaZZ Communicator web client is available to a user through the web interface of the YaaZZ Portal (by logging in with username and password). Example screen displays are shown inFIGS. 6A-6C. In other embodiments, the Web client screen displays are programmed to look like the other YaaZZ Communicators (PC and Mobile), for example, those shown inFIGS. 4A-4J and5A-5B.
• An example embodiment of this client is implemented on the YaaZZ Portal (the web interface of YaaZZ), and is coded in Python inside the LimeCMS environment by Innoventure AS. This client will work in all normal web browsers and client side applications capable of XHTML and JavaScript. Other implementations are possible.
• The example Web Communicator uses an HTTPS connection to the API Server on the local network. This means that this is a protected API only available behind the firewall of the ETS, where both the portal servers and API servers is located.
Example Telephony Functions
• As described in overview with reference toFIGS. 2 and 3, example embodiments of an ETS such as YaaZZ may be used to achieve a variety of telephony functions.FIG. 2 described an overview of how normal telephone calls are accomplished by the components of an ETS, using YaaZZ as an example.FIG. 3 described the basic types of telephony services that are offered through ETS communicator clients such as the mobile, PC, and web communicator client systems of YaaZZ. See, e.g.,FIGS. 11A-11D,12A-12I, and13A-13E to get a more detailed description of the functionality. Note that example detailed descriptions are presented for the postpaid solution. Similar diagrams may be constructed for the prepaid solution.
• FIG. 7 is an example flow diagram of the basic call flow in a postpaid scenario using an Enhanced Telecommunications System. In the postpaid scenario, the customer pays for the telephone call after it has occurred. In the overview of call flow shown inFIG. 7, after the user initiates the call (block701) the ETS checks to see if the user is active (block702) and, if not, aborts the call (block703). Otherwise, the ETS retrieves the price from the billing partner (block704) and the call is established (block705), and the user talks until done. When the call is ended (block706), the Call Data Record (CDR) is updated (block707) and the routine exits.
• FIG. 8 is an example flow diagram of the basic call flow in a prepaid scenario using an Enhanced Telecommunications System. An important part of the prepaid solution is the ability to halt calls at the moment (e.g., second) the end-user has used up his balance, even when one user has several calls going at the same time. An example solution has the following features:
• • an isolated local accounting-database consisting of a user reference, and balance amount;
  • language specific warning messages played back when reaching low balance; later beeps when only a few seconds left;
  • automatic calculation of remaining time when user has several calls up at the same time, or has established a conference call;
  • automatic update of remaining time when balance is updated in the portal during calls.
• In the overview of call flow shown inFIG. 8, after the user initiates the call (block801) the ETS checks to see if the user is active (block802) and, if not, aborts the call (block803). Other, the ETS estimates the cost (block804) and checks to see if the user has enough balance (block805). If not, the call is aborted (block803). Otherwise, the call is established (block806), the maximum time the user can talk based upon the balance amount is set (block807), and the user talks until done. When the call is ended (block808), the Call Data Record (CDR) is updated (block809) and the user's balance is also immediately updated (block810). This helps in case the user has engaged in multiple calls at the same time.
• FIG. 9 is an example flow that illustrates further details of the YaaZZ ETS components used for the design of telephony applications in a postpaid scenario. The design of a typical YaaZZ application consists of the virtual layout shown in theFIG. 9, however the number of physical servers may differ when expanding to support a larger user base. The actions are labeled from 1 to 7 in the Figure and are described as follows:
• 1. When setting up a call, the user first originates the call using one of the three main YaaZZ Communicators: Mobile client, PC client or Web client. All three versions of the YaaZZ Communicator use the Internet as the medium for establishing a call, and all communication against the API server is typically through HTTPS. (When HTTPS is not available, HTTP with other URL validation schemes may be used.)
• 2. The server then talks to the billing real-time API, querying for the status of the calling user. If the user has neglected to pay his bills or the user has been forcibly disabled, the call will be dismissed.
• 3. The server then talks to the billing real-time API querying for the cost of a two legged call, between originator and destination. In the special case of a conference call, it will query the price for each leg of the conference call, retrieving both the setup fee, and per minute cost.
• 4. The API server then connects to the YaaZZ version of the Asterisk PABX (the YaaZZ PABX Server) using the Asterisk Manager API, to establish a call to originator (calling from number) and destination (calling to number). The PABX Server performs a call back to the “from-number,” and when this call is answered, the PABX Server will start calling the to-number. In this way, customers pay YaaZZ price on the call (each leg being initiated by the PABX Server) instead of the calling price of the customer's current mobile subscription (which may include high priced roaming charges).
• 5. The YaaZZ PABX Server will perform preliminary CDR alterations to identify the current user, and will save the current call pricing information.
• 6. The YaaZZ PBX Server will connect to the telecomm carrier (e.g., TATA), for example, via SIP. The carrier will then interconnect the calls over the standard telecommunications network, such as PSTN, GSM, CDMA, etc.
• 7. When the call is ended either manually by the user, or by the timeout, the YaaZZ PABX Server will save the billing time, save the call's total cost to the CDR, and mark the call as ended.
• FIG. 10 is an example flow that illustrates further details of the YaaZZ ETS components used for the design of telephony applications in a prepaid scenario. Again, the number of physical servers may differ when expanding to support a larger user base. The actions are labeled from 1 to 8 inFIG. 10 and are described as follows:
• 1. When setting up a call, the user first originates the call using one of the three main YaaZZ Communicators; Mobile client, PC client or Web client. All three versions of the YaaZZ Communicator use of Internet as medium for establishing a call. All communication against the API server are typically through HTTPS.
• 2. The server then talks to the billing real-time API, querying for the status of the calling user. If the user has been forcibly deactivated, the call will be dismissed.
• 3. The server then talks to the billing real-time API querying for the cost of a two legged call, between originator and destination. In the special case of a conference call, it will query the price for each leg of the conference call, retrieving both the setup fee, and per minute cost.
• 4. The API server then connects to the MySQL server (or whatever server or service is used to manage user/account data, retrieving the balance of the user from the user-balance database). At this time, the amount of available call minutes is calculated, and the call is dismissed unless the amount of available minutes exceeds a lower limit.
• 5. The API server then connects to the YaaZZ version of the Asterisk PABX (the YaaZZ PABX Server) using the Asterisk Manager API, to establish a call to originator and destination. The PABX Server performs a call back to the “from-number,” and when this call is answered, the PABX Server will start calling the to-number. In this way, customers pay YaaZZ price on the call (each leg being initiated by the PABX Server) instead of the calling price of the customer's current mobile subscription (which may include high priced roaming charges). The YaaZZ PABX Server will perform preliminary CDR alterations to identify the current user, and will save the current call pricing information.
• 6. The YaaZZ PBX Server will connect to the telecomm carrier (e.g., TATA), for example, via SIP. The carrier will then interconnect the calls over the standard telecommunications network, such as PSTN, GSM, CDMA, etc.
• 7. A background process in the YaaZZ PABX Server will monitor all ongoing calls, recognizing simultaneous calls from the same user. Using the pricing information saved in the currently live CDR, the process combines the cost and compares the current cost of all the user's current calls against the user's current balance. The user balance is fetched with MySQL and cached with Memcached. The result of the determination will define the maximum duration of the calls. When only 2 minute is left, in one embodiment an audible tone will be played every 10^thsecond.
• When there are 5 seconds left, a 5 second long recorded message will play back before disconnecting the call. This message is meant to tell the user why the message is being disconnected, and will be played in the user's own registered language.
• 8. When the call is ended either manually by the user, or by the timeout; the YaaZZ PABX Server will save the billing time, save the call's total cost to the CDR, and mark the call as ended, and will also update the user's balance with the withdrawal of the total cost.
Example Computing Environment
• FIG. 14 is an example block diagram of an example computing system that may be used to practice embodiments of the Enhanced Telecommunications System described herein. Note that a general purpose or a special purpose computing system suitable instructed may be used to implement an ETS. Further, the ETS may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, or in some combination to achieve the capabilities described herein.
• Thecomputing system1400 may comprise one or more server and/or client computing systems and may span distributed locations. In addition, each block shown may represent one or more such blocks as appropriate to a specific embodiment or may be combined with other blocks. Moreover, the various blocks of theETS1410 may physically reside on one or more machines, which use standard (e.g., TCP/IP) or proprietary inter-process communication mechanisms to communicate with each other.
• In the embodiment shown,computer system1400 comprises a computer memory (“memory”)1401, a display1402, one or more Central Processing Units (“CPU”)1403, Input/Output devices1404 (e.g., keyboard, mouse, CRT or LCD display, etc.), other computer-readable media1405, and one ormore network connections1406. TheETS1410 is shown residing inmemory1401. In other embodiments, some portion of the contents, some of, or all of the components of theETS1410 may be stored on the other computer-readable media1405 and in some embodiments, transmitted over the other computer-readable media Y05. The components of theEnhanced Telecommunications System1410 preferably execute on one ormore CPUs1403 and manage the telecommunications services as described herein. Other code orprograms1430 and potentially other data repositories, such asdata repository1406, also reside in thememory1410, and preferably execute on one ormore CPUs1403. Of note, one or more of the components inFIG. 14 may not be present in any specific implementation. For example, some embodiments embedded in other software many not provide means for user input or display.
• In a typical embodiment, theETS1410 includes one ormore PABX Servers1411, one ormore API Servers1412, one or more billing/rating engines1413 and one or morequality assurance components1414. In at least some embodiments, the billing/rating engine1413 is provided external to the ETS and is available, potentially, over one ormore networks1450. Other and/or different modules may be implemented. In addition, the ETS may interact via anetwork1450 with mobile application orclient code1455, one or moreclient computing systems1460, and/or one or more network client code such as one ormore web browsers1465. Also, theETS data repository1415 may be provided external to the ETS as well, for example in a accessible over one ormore networks1450.
• In an example embodiment, components/modules of theETS1410 are implemented using standard programming techniques. However, a range of programming languages known in the art may be employed for implementing such example embodiments, including representative implementations of various programming language paradigms, including but not limited to, object-oriented (e.g., Java, C++, C#, Smalltalk, etc.), functional (e.g., ML, Lisp, Scheme, etc.), procedural (e.g., C, Pascal, Ada, Modula, etc.), scripting (e.g., Perl, Ruby, Python, JavaScript, VBScript, etc.), declarative (e.g., SQL, Prolog, etc.), etc.
• The embodiments described above use well-known or proprietary synchronous or asynchronous client-server computing techniques. However, the various components may be implemented using more monolithic programming techniques as well, for example, as an executable running on a single CPU computer system, or alternately decomposed using a variety of structuring techniques known in the art, including but not limited to, multiprogramming, multithreading, client-server, or peer-to-peer, running on one or more computer systems each having one or more CPUs. Some embodiments are illustrated as executing concurrently and asynchronously and communicating using message passing techniques. Equivalent synchronous embodiments are also supported by an ETS implementation. Also, other steps could be implemented for each flow (use case), and in different orders, and in different routines, yet still achieve the functions of the ETS.
• In addition, programming interfaces to the data stored as part of the ETS1410 (e.g., in thedata repositories1415 and1416) can be available by standard means such as through C, C++, C#, and Java APIs, such as application programming interface (API)1417; libraries for accessing files, databases, or other data repositories; through scripting languages such as XML; or through Web servers, FTP servers, or other types of servers providing access to stored data. Thedata repositories1415 and1416 may be implemented as one or more database systems, file systems, or any other method known in the art for storing such information, or any combination of the above, including implementation using distributed computing techniques. In addition, they may be implemented as stored procedures, or methods attached to “objects,” although other techniques are equally effective.
• Also theexample ETS1410 may be implemented in a distributed environment comprising multiple, even heterogeneous, computer systems and networks. For example, in one embodiment, thePABX servers1411, theAPI servers1412, and theETS data repository1415 are all located in physically different computer systems. In another embodiment, various modules of theETS1410 are hosted each on a separate server machine and may be remotely located from the tables which are stored in thedata repositories1415 and1416. Also, one or more of the modules may themselves be distributed, pooled or otherwise grouped, such as for load balancing, reliability or security reasons. Different configurations and locations of programs and data are contemplated for use with techniques of described herein. A variety of distributed computing techniques are appropriate for implementing the components of the illustrated embodiments in a distributed manner including but not limited to TCP/IP sockets, RPC, RMI, HTTP, HTTPS, Web Services (XML-RPC, JAX-RPC, SOAP, etc.) etc. Other variations are possible. Also, other functionality could be provided by each component/module, or existing functionality could be distributed amongst the components/modules in different ways, yet still achieve the functions of an ETS.
• Furthermore, in some embodiments, some or all of the components of the ETS may be implemented or provided in other manners, such as at least partially in firmware and/or hardware, including, but not limited to one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), standard integrated circuits, controllers (e.g., by executing appropriate instructions, and including microcontrollers and/or embedded controllers), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), etc. Some or all of the system components and/or data structures may also be stored (e.g., as software instructions or structured data) on a computer-readable medium, such as a hard disk, a memory, a network, or a portable media article to be read by an appropriate drive or via an appropriate connection, including wireless-based and wired/cable-based mediums. Some or all of the system components and data structures may also be transmitted via generated data signals (e.g., as part of a carrier wave or other analog or digital propagated signal) on a variety of computer-readable transmission mediums, including wireless-based and wired/cable-based mediums, and may take a variety of forms (e.g., as part of a single or multiplexed analog signal, or as multiple discrete digital packets or frames). Such computer program products may also take other forms in other embodiments. Accordingly, embodiments of this disclosure may be practiced with other computer system configurations.
ETS SMS Gateway
• In one embodiment, SMS Gateway services are delivered to YaaZZ by Ericsson, although other providers could be used. Ericsson has SMS Gateways and interconnection in 90% of the world. YaaZZ is able to change CallerID on the SMS to the originating user in all countries except the USA.
• In one embodiment, to deliver the Mobile Java client to the J2ME enabled mobiles, the YaaZZ system uses WAP Push messages through Ericsson's Gateway, although these messages could be distributed via alternative means. This simplifies the installation process of the Java client for the user.
• Upon initialization of a call, a rating engine will be queried for the price of the call. This price is calculated by looking up both the caller's subscription type and the caller's geographical location. This means that a big company having a lot of subscriptions (physical users), will receive different pricing for their employees, according to what country code their subscriptions adhere to.
• After rating, the rebate system will go through each known rebate function to figure out if the user making a call, or sending an SMS, is entitled to rebate. It will traverse through all the rebate possibilities, sum up the total rebate percent level, and compare it to a maximum rebate level, currently 40%.
• FIG. 15 is an example block diagram of the levels of rebate-customization available in one embodiment. This can be on acustomer level1501, which will give a whole company rebates on their geographical prices, meaning that all their employees will receive this rebate. If on asubscriber level1502, the rebate will only affect the physical person who owns a YaaZZ communicator. At thepackage level1503, the physical person can also get different rebates according to which service he or she is using, for example SMS, Conference calls, regular calls, or even Voice over IP. Rebates may also be allocated on avolume basis1504.
• Balance information can be stored in the master user balance database, for example, in MySQL. The total balance available can be incremented using a credit card in the YaaZZ Portal. In one embodiment, this functionality is implemented using BBS Netterminal. Each subscriber's balance is automatically decremented at the same moment that the corresponding CDR is being created for an ended call.
ETS Portal
• FIG. 16 is an example block diagram of the different components of the ETS system used to implement an example YaaZZ ETS Portal. In one embodiment, all internet traffic is encrypted. As shown, almost all information exchange goes via theyTransd1601, the YaaZZ transaction daemon. TheyTransd1601 is responsible for maintaining the integrity of each transaction performed via theportal1600.
• In one embodiment, the portal system consists of theZope web server1600 for presenting dynamic content for rendering web pages, with a content management system (CMS) called LimeCMS developed by Innoventure Net Solutions. The system is programmed in Python. In front there is a web server apache2 and a caching system. There is a back-end transaction daemon (yTransd, the “YaaZZ Transaction Daemon”1601) that handles transaction and integration between the portal and other systems. The integration server is a Linux server that basically runs a daemon process. All exchange of information is stored as transactions with unique transaction IDs. There are several tables in the database for handling this functionality. They keep information about the transaction, versions of the data for each transaction, logging of history and error messages in several languages, etc. Both LimeCMS and yTransd share the same MySQL database1405.
• FIG. 17 is an example block diagram of a systems architecture of an example embodiment of the Enhanced Telecommunications System configured to maintain high performance. In front, there is a cache and load-balancing system1701. This system automatically and evenly distributes the load to aZope server instance1702 with least load. In this example there is one zope-instance for each CPU-kernel on the server. The number of servers can be expanded as needed. Initially, each instance can handle8 parallel threads. All Zope-instances share the same installed components within one physical server. They also share one zope-database called data.fs1703 where the content is stored.
• yTransd Transaction Server
• The yTransd (YaaZZ transaction daemon)1601 handles the communication between the ETS Portal and other surrounding systems/components. All actions are logged into the operating system (OS) logging system, including log rotation, which is handled by the OS. The daemon starts automatically when the transaction server starts. All transactions are also archived, and there is a transaction log in the database to provide data for support. yTransd uses SIP to communicate with other components; however, other protocols could be used.
• A transaction is stored into two tables in the database (e.g., themySQL database1605 and1705 shown inFIGS. 16 and 17, respectively). One table contains the transaction number and status, the other table contains the transaction data. In most cases the transaction data is stored in 2 rows. One row contains the transmitted data and one for the received data.
• Table 1 below shows several examples of the different transactions which may be logged. It is not intended to be a complete list, but rather exemplary.

• 	TABLE 1
  	Transaction name	Init from	API
  	GenerateClient	yTrans/Portal	YaaZZ
  	addSIPUser	yTrans	YaaZZ
  	callNumber	Portal	YaaZZ
  	changeSIPUser	Portal	YaaZZ
  	deleteSIPUser	Portal	YaaZZ
  	NewCust	Portal	CMS
  	sendSMS	Portal	YaaZZ
  	CreditCheck	yTrans	Credit
  	NewSubscr	yTrans	CMS
  	ChangeSubscr	Portal	CMS
  	ChangeCust	Portal	CMS
  	GetCustData	Portal	CMS
  	GetSubscrData	Portal	CMS
  	GetInvoiceData	Portal	Invoice
  	GetInvoiceDetailsData	Portal	Invoice

• A transaction is inserted into the transaction tables either by the Portal or generated from information in the mySQL database from the yTransd as a result of previous transactions. yTransd will handle the transaction according to a transaction status flag.
• The following table explains example status codes used in the transaction status flag. The state-column indicates the lifespan of the status.
• • “Final” is a finished and permanent state.
  • “Temp” is temporary in nature, and means that yTransd will handle it immediately.
  • “Action” will need attention by user or operator and will always lead to a “Temp” state.

• TABLE 2
  Status	Name	State	Set by	Description
  0	Finished	Final	yTransd	The requested operation was
  				completed successfully.
  1	New	Initial	Portal/yTransd	Initial value for all transactions. Set
  				when the transaction is initiated by the
  				end user.
  2	Error	Action	yTransd	An error occurred, indicating that the
  				transaction could not be performed. It
  				will have to be handled by the
  				customer or an operator. An error
  				message ID is set in the transaction
  				table.
  3	Cancelled	Final	Portal/yTransd	This is the final state for transactions
  				that have been cancelled by either the
  				customer or an operator.
  4	Cancelled	Temp	Portal	The transaction has been cancelled by
  	by user			the customer. yTransd will read this
  				transaction, perform necessary
  				operations in other systems, and then
  				set the status to Cancelled.
  5	Resubmit	Temp	Portal	When a transaction has failed, the
  				customer or the operator can change
  				the transaction data and resubmit the
  				transaction if it is allowed by the error
  				message. yTransd will then try to
  				perform the operation once more. It
  				can then end as Finished or Error.
  6	external	Temp	yTrand	Transactions with this status are
  				finished by an external system. It is not
  				used at this stage.
  7		Action	Portal/yTransd	This stage handles transactions that
  				fail in a manner that is not resolvable.
  				The cause is events that is not defined
  				in the code, and has to be solved by a
  				programmer.

• FIG. 18 is a chart showing how different transaction statuses are handled in an example embodiment of a transaction daemon in an Enhanced Telecommunications System. A transaction starts with the status1 (New). It will then be handled by the yTransd that will handle the request, and depending on the outcome, will set the status to either 0 (Finished) or 2 (Error). If the status is an error, an error message ID is set for the transaction, and a user or operator will need to handle the situation. For example, this may be done via an OK/Cancel button that leads to status 4 (canceled by user), or a change in the transaction data, in which case the status is set to 5, and resubmitted. The arrows in the chart specify which statuses each operation can lead to.
• Each time a transaction is resubmitted a new row is inserted into a transaction data table (stored, for example, in the MySQL database). The original transaction data will be kept for logging, support, debugging and error handling purposes. For each version of transaction data will have a version number. There is also a unique transaction number for each API type.
• There is a chance that any transaction will fail due to the complex nature of this system. Each event that can lead to an error has an error code. This error code is set into the transaction table whenever an error occurs. Both the Portal and yTransd will handle the situation based upon the properties of each error code. All error codes are defined in a table in the database. This table contains all message texts for all languages. It also contains information of how the message can be handled by a user and by the yTransd. When an error occurs the portal displays an error message and a set of buttons. This is done by setting an error level for the error message.
• In one embodiment, there are 6 different error levels. The status column in Table 3 shows the transaction status for each the error operation.

• TABLE 3
  Level	Description	Buttons	Status	Explanation
  0			0	Everything OK, no message to
  				user.
  1	Info	OK		0	For messages where user can
  				not interact.
  2	Check	OK,	0, 4, 5	When user has to accept, change
  		Cancel,		data or cancel the request.
  		Edit
  3	Correct	Cancel,	4, 5	When the system does not
  		Edit		accept the transaction, but it is
  				of a nature where it can be
  				edited.
  4	Cancel	Cancel	4	When a transaction can only be
  				canceled
  5	Internal	OK		7	When a (temporary) error occurs
  	error			and the system is not able to
  				handle the transaction.

• Integration and User Requests
• The YaaZZ portal is heavily integrated with other systems. This is supported by the transaction daemon yTransd. When a customer wants to perform a task, like sending an SMS message, the portal writes a transaction to the MySQL database. Then the yTransd reads the transaction from the database and connects to the SMS Gateway API. When the transaction is finished, the yTransd writes a status code back to the transaction, and where applicable, the answer for the request. The portal then polls the transaction (for example, using a java script) to wait for the status. If a transaction fails, an error message will be presented to the customer.
• User Registration
• Since there is an exchange of personal information at the front page and most sub-pages, communication for the whole site is preferably encrypted (https). In a current embodiment, a user needs to register to fulfill some requirements. Other requirements may be added or some requirements subtracted.
• 1. The customer must pass a credit check.
• 2. The email-address can't be duplicate.
• 3. The phone number can't be duplicate.
• 4. The phone number has to belong to the country/language from the URL. For example, a user can only register a Norwegian phone number on Yaazz.no and can only register Swedish phones from YaaZZ.se. The credit check from yaazz.no will be performed in Norway.
• In a current embodiment, there are two usernames, one login name and one system username. The system username consists of 8 numbers or letters randomly generated. The system username is related to a login name. The login name can be changed, and is initially the same as the email-address. In some embodiments, the passwords are stored encrypted. If the password is forgotten, a new password is generated and sent to the customer via SMS or email.
• Client Downloads
• In one embodiment, for private customers, a mobile client (code) is sent by SMS automatically during registration. For corporate customers it is sent manually or in batches by the corporate manager/administrator. The customer can also request a new mobile client by SMS (when logged in to the portal). A new mobile client is generated and sent by SMS. The download link for the client sent by SMS, can only be used once. The SMS sent is as a SMS PUSH message. When the mobile client is downloaded, the mobile phone make and model is stored for statistical purposes.
• The PC client is generated with all of the necessary settings each time it is downloaded. Where it is not possible to detect the OS (Mac, linux, Windows), and where it is necessary to make a choice of OS version, the YaaZZ portal will prompt for the correct client to download. There are no limitations on how many PC clients that can be downloaded to ensure the availability of YaaZZ.
• Prepaid Payments
• In one embodiment, the YaaZZ prepaid solution consists of services provided by BBS. It consists of programs installed on local server provided by BBS and an API to the BBS Netterminal (net terminal). After installation, a security certificate is generated to ensure that payments only can come from the predefined server.
• There are two ways of including Netterminal, either using a standard layout or a custom screen. The standard layout is in the English or Norwegian language only, but does not require a user to store credit card information. The custom screen makes it possible to provide a customer's information in any language, but then the credit card information must be handled locally. The service provides a 3D secure mechanism where available.
• In one embodiment, predefined specific subscriptions are available for prepaid customers. All customers' balances are stored in a separate accounting database. When a user logs in to the YaaZZ Portal, the remaining balance for the user's subscription will be shown (for example, at the right menu between the Logout button and the rest of the menu). The currency of the amount displayed is the currency connected to the language of the site.
• VAT (taxes) is not part of the portal, and will be handled in the rating/billing system.
• FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an overview of the steps involved in a customer payment to the customer's YaaZZ ETS account. The steps are as follows:
• • 1. The customer chooses an amount to fill (limited by min, max and total max set by variables). The portal creates an internal transaction and provides a reference number and a transaction ID.
  • 2. Customer enters bank card information in the Netterminal.
  • 3. Customer press OK and is redirected back to the portal. If the transaction is canceled or fails, the transaction is aborted.
  • 4. If OK, the card information is authorized and the amount is now reserved on the customer's account. If it fails, the transaction is aborted.
  • 5. yTransd updates the amount on the customer's account in the back office. If the transaction fail, the transaction is rolled back and the reservation cancelled.
  • 6. The reserved amount is now captured at BBS. If it fails, all related transactions are rolled back, including the amount in the back office.
  • 7. The customer is informed of successful payment.
• In case of failure at any stage in this process, all transactions will be rolled back. All steps in a transaction are logged. If the system by any chance should fail to roll back, the support/administration system may be used to rectify the error. All transactions are searchable by a standard customer search in the support system, but also by reference number. A list of all transactions is also provided, filtered by country and time span.
• The support/administration system also provides the ability to credit the total amount or parts of the amount paid within a transaction (by reference number). This can only be paid back to the originated account. This can't be misused by support personnel as only BBS has the reference to the account number.
• In some embodiments, when the customer is terminating the subscription, the customer balance is checked, and an automatic refund is executed. This is a system setting for each country number prefix and may be changed at any time.
• This same functionality may be used to pay invoices for post-pay customers.
Scalability and Performance
• The PABX platform can be scaled by physically adding more PABX servers to the server farm. The API servers can then be configured to make use of the newly added PABX servers by specifying whether a new PABX server should be a conference server, or a regular PABX server. This is a seamless update, where the load balancer reads the configuration data from disk for each request. In one embodiment, this information is cached by the operating system's file cache.
• The Web- and API Server platform can be scaled by physically adding more web servers to the server farm, and then updating the load balancer with new configuration on-the-fly. Other components may be scaled in similar manners.
API Server
• This section describes an example embodiment of the YaaZZ internal API Server, used by the various YaaZZ clients to interoperate with the PABX servers with customer-authentication.
• The YaaZZ internal API server interconnects the externally developed components with the internal components, using several internally developed APIs. Internal components controlled by these APIs are call, call from, conference, SMS and load balancing.
• Whenever a regular or conference call is made, the YaaZZ API server (the API server) will balance the usage of each available PABX server. It will also choose which PABX to use based upon whether it is a regular call or a conference call.FIG. 20 is an example block diagram of an example API server connected to one or more PABX server computing systems to allow for load balancing.
• FIG. 21 is an example block diagram of the different application programming interfaces of an Enhanced Telecommunications System used to communicate with the various external systems. The API server hosts3 main Application Programming Interfaces (APIs): the Mobile Client API1901, the PC Client API1902, and the Web Client API1903.
• The API Server implements the following functions/functionality, available potentially on all YaaZZ clients:
• • callNumber, which allows a user to call a designated number
  • startConferenceCall, which allows a user to call 1 or more parties in a conference call simply by specifying the 1 or more phone numbers. An example embodiment currently supports up to a maximum of 20 callers
  • getConferenceStatus, which retrieves information about a conference call. The status of each conference participant can be obtained, such as who is talking, who is muted, who has comments, etc.
  • muteConferenceUser, which allows the initiator of the conference call to mute a selected participant in the call
  • kickConferenceUser, which allows the initiator of the conference to terminate another user's participation in the conference call
  • addConferenceUser, which allows the initiator of the conference to add another participant to the conference call at any time, including after the conference has already been initiated or is in progress
  • stopConferenceCall, which terminates the entire conference call
  • sendSMS, which allows a user to send a quick message to another user via SMS protocol
• Of course, other functions may be made available as part of one or more of the API in the future. Although each function is not implemented in the initial release of each client API of the example embodiment of the YaaZZ product, it is contemplated that all three clients will offer all of the functionality in a similar fashion.
• The PC (&MAC) client API uses HTTPS with a fixed YaaZZ certificate. This means that the client will only operate if both the server and the client have the right certificates. Authentication is by userID, passcode and obfuscation. The mobile client API uses HTTPS. The authentication is by userID, passcode and obfuscation. The Web Client API uses HTTPS with a fixed YaaZZ certificate. This means that the client will only operate if both the server and the client have the right certificates. Authentication is by userID, passcode and obfuscation.
• The billing callback API (setSubscriptionStatus) will be used to update the status of the customer in the user database. This API is used by a billing system.
• In an example embodiment, the API server is written in the scripting language PHP. The total platform used consists of Linux, Apache andPHP 5. Each API server can run on its own, and multiple API servers can be run in parallel to provide redundancy. The different YaaZZ Communicator clients connect to a cluster of API servers, and by means of load balancing on a number of active API servers, redundancy is achieved. Other methods for creating redundant capabilities are supported.
PABX Server
• The PABX Server uses Open Source code—Asterisk—to implement its functionality. This section discusses the capabilities of Asterisk that are incorporated and the changes made thereto.
• Asterisk is an Open Source hybrid TDM (time division multiplexing) and packet voice PABX (telephone exchange) and IVR (interactive voice recognition) platform with ACD functionality. Its name comes from the asterisk symbol, *, which in UNIX (including Linux) and DOS environments represents a wildcard, matching any filename. Similarly, the Asterisk PABX is designed to interface any piece of telephony hardware or software with any telephony application, seamlessly and consistently.
• Traditionally, telephony products are designed to meet a specific technical need in a network. However, many applications of using telephony share a great deal of technology. Asterisk takes advantage of this synergy to create a single environment that can be molded to fit any particular application, or collection of applications, as the user sees fit. Asterisk is licensed and distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). Asterisk is designed to allow new interfaces and technologies to be added easily.
• Asterisk Modules Deployed
• FIG. 22 is an example block diagram of the modules of an Asterisk PABX deployed in an example Enhanced Telecommunications System embodiment. The following describes modules that are specifically activated in the deployed Asterisk configuration in order to obtain required functionality in the PABX Server for use with example embodiments of the YaaZZ system.
• a Real-Time Data Lookup/Rewrite (app_realtime.so)
• Asterisk Real Time allows storage of users/peers and other configuration data in database such as MySQL. This way, there is no need to perform manual configuration reload for the modified entries to take effect. With the introduction of Asterisk Real Time it is possible to add/remove users or make call flow changes by entering data into appropriate database table(s). Once configured, the Asterisk Real Time engine will perform database lookup(s) on a per call basis allowing for run time configuration changes.
• MySQL Real-Time Configuration Driver (app_mysql.so)
• Asterisk generates a CDR (Call Detail Record) for each call. By default, records are stored in a comma-separated value file created in /var/log/asterisk/cdr-csv. With use of the cdr_addon_mysql, the CDRs are stored in a mySQL-database.
• Meetme Conference Bridge (app_meetme.so)
• The Asterisk system features simple conferencing functionality. This enables multiple callers to attend a phone conference and converse with all other callers in the conference. The Asterisk simple conference functionality allows users to increase/decrease their speaking volume and listening volume (independently of each other and other users).
• Asterisk Gateway Interface (agi_res.so)
• The Asterisk Gateway Interface is an interface for adding functionality to Asterisk using many different programming languages. Perl, PHP, C, Pascal, Bourne Shell.
• SIP Channel Module (chan_sip.so)
• The SIP channel module enables Asterisk to communicate via VoIP (Voice Over IP), with SIP telephones and exchanges. In the case of YaaZZ, the system uses SIP for communicating with the Teleglobe exchange.
• Asterisk Call function
• The Dial function is a so-called “Application” in Asterisk terms. This application can connect two channels, where a channel consists of a driver name and a destination. An example of an address is SIP/1881, which would try to use the SIP driver to call the number “1881”. The Dial application connects the current channel reading the command with the specified channel. If an error occurs, the dial application exits and lets the next line in the configuration (dial plan) execute. This way the system can support fail-safe function dialing via another driver/channel.
• YaaZZ Use of Asterisk
• Postpaid Calls
• In the postpaid system, for the voice system in YaaZZ (one to one calling) the basic calling engine in Asterisk and the standard SIP module are used. The calls are handled by YaaZZ, which also handles all of the network load. In other embodiments, the implementing system may let the carrier or another system handle the network load instead of YaaZZ.
• Prepaid Calls
• Different from postpaid calling, prepaid calls are monitored live by the YaaZZ PABX system to ensure that the call does not exceed the user's prepaid balance, even though the user might use several services at the same time.
• SMS
• SMS handling is performed by the YaaZZ API Server (see above). See this section also for a description of CDR handling for SMS CDRs.
• Conferencing
• To implement YaaZZ conferencing, YaaZZ uses the Asterisk SIP module. The conference call is hosted by YaaZZ, but uses the telco carrier (TATA/TDC) via the SIP protocol to cause the call to be originated using the PSTN/GSM (or other) network.
• This is all handled using the MeetMe module in Asterisk. MeetMe is the Asterisk engine that joins calls to make a conference. MeetMe has lots of functionality, but YaaZZ is only using standard conference calling functionality from the Asterisk engine to implement its conferencing system. The additional conferencing features supported by YaaZZ are implemented using YaaZZ code.
• Instead of the normal way of making the user manually call in to a conference, the YaaZZ system utilizes the YaaZZ API server to set up the conference calls from the PABX to the user's phone. This supports potentially cheaper conference calling, as the user is charged the PABX origination fee instead of the (roaming) charges that may be otherwise incurred if the user's (mobile) phone originated the call.
• With the help of Asterisk Manager API, the YaaZZ API Server keeps track of the current state of each user in the conference call. This is then reflected to the users' client applications, on the portal, mobile, or pc client.
• a Call Data Records (CDRs)
• All of the CDRs are in time zone GMT-+1. YaaZZ uses a NTP (Network Time Protocol) client on the servers to ensure the YaaZZ clock stays accurate.
• Voice will generate two CDRs—one for Caller and one for Callee. These CDRs are joined in the rating engine (which figures out costs and routing), by comparing the JoinID on each leg, thereby avoid rating a call twice. An Example is shown in Table 4.

• TABLE 4

• Conference calls will generate one CDR per attendee/participant in the conference call. When sent to the rating system/billing solution, every CDR containing Conference ID will be rated and joined. There are multiple CDRs for a conference call, one for each active participant. Each leg (referenced by a CDR containing the Conference ID) is sent to a rating engine to be priced before the leg is connected to the conference call. When sent to the rating system, each CDR containing the Conference ID is then joined in order to track a single cost for the conference call. See Table 5 below.

• 	TABLE 5
  	1.Callee Num
  	2. Starttime
  	3.Billseconds
  	4.Conference ID
  	5. Subsciber ID

• Asterisk Manager Interface (AMI)
• The Asterisk Manager Interface allows a client program to connect to an Asterisk instance and issue commands or read PABX events over a TCP/IP stream. Integrators find this particularly useful when trying to track the state of a telephony client inside Asterisk, and directing that client based on custom (and possibly dynamic) rules.
• A simple “key: value” line-based protocol is utilized for communication between the connecting client and the Asterisk PABX. Lines are terminated using CRLF (carriage return, line feed). For the sake of discussion below, the term “packet” is used to describe a set of “key: value” lines that are terminated by an extra carriage return.
• The asterisk manager interface is the standard API in asterisk used to communicate between the YaaZZ API Server and Asterisk. YaaZZ uses this interface to perform origination of a call from a mobile and a PC YaaZZ communicator.
• The protocol (as used by YaaZZ) has the following characteristics:
• • Before issuing commands to Asterisk, one must establish a manager session. Packets may be transmitted in either direction at any time after authentication (authentication is performed initially).
  • The first line of a packet will have a key of “Action” when sent from the client, but “Event” or “Response” when sent from Asterisk to the client.
  • The order of lines within a packet is insignificant, so one may use one's favorite programming language's native unordered dictionary type to efficiently store a single packet.
  • CRLF is used to delimit each line and a blank line (two CRLFs in a row) indicates the end of the command, which Asterisk is now expects to process.
• Example System Configuration
• The operating system used by example embodiments of YaaZZ is Ubuntu. All of the PABX servers are running Asterisk software version 1.4. The servers are IBM Blades withIntel Quad Core 3 ghz CPUS and 4 GB of memory. The configuration files of PABX Servers and YaaZZ Conference PABX servers are different. Common for both installations is that the servers are configured automatically on startup and when migrating new releases.
• Currently, Perl is the programming language used to develop the prepaid system in YaaZZ and is also used for some of the AGI scripts which retrieve information about customers when a customer is originating a call, etc. PHP is used for the conference monitoring system. The programming language “C” is mainly used to modify existent core modules in Asterisk PABX.
• YaaZZ Internal PABX
• The current architecture includes a separate PABX server to handle calls relating to customer support, invoicing, administration, etc. This PABX server is a stand-alone system from the Voice/Conference platform of YaaZZ, but is integrated with the billing/rating platform, customer database, and the prepaid databases to retrieve information which may be useful and/or needed.
• Security and Reliability
• To have a secure connection for transferring SIP data between Asterisk and Teleglobe, a local connection with TATA (using a secure tunneling technique) is used. Preferably, one of more failover copies of the PABX hardware setup are available to take over if the system goes down.
• Logging and Monitoring
• In one example implementation, the alarms and PABX monitoring are controlled by a Nagios server. Every six months, Asterisk logs may be purged, as some implementations require this due to local laws. Monitoring Asterisk PABX Servers and reports on system setup may also be available.
• All of the above U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet, including but not limited to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/077,106 entitled “MOBILE, PC, AND WEB ENHANCED TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENVIRONMENT,” filed Jun. 30, 2008, is incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety.
• From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the methods and systems for performing telecommunications services discussed herein are applicable to other architectures. Also, the methods and systems discussed herein are applicable to differing protocols, communication media (optical, wireless, cable, etc.) and devices (such as wireless handsets, electronic organizers, personal digital assistants, portable email machines, game machines, pagers, navigation devices such as GPS receivers, etc.).

Claims (23)

1. A method in a computing system for administering telecommunications conference calls at a reduced cost, the computing system communicatively connected to one or more client devices and communicatively connected to a Private Automatic Branch eXchange (PABX) server computing system having a physical location, comprising:

receiving from at least one client device of the communicatively connected client devices an indication of a plurality of telephone numbers of participant legs for a desired conference call;

on behalf of the at least one client device, using the PABX server computing system connected to a telephone exchange network through a telecommunications carrier, initiating the desired conference call for the plurality of telephone numbers of participant legs, using the telephone exchange network, with a billing rate computed as if the PABX server computing system originated the conference call instead of the at least one client device and charging each participant call leg as if the conference call leg originated from the physical location of the PABX server computing system instead of from the location of the at least one client device, thereby providing lower costs for the desired conference call than if the conference call had been originated by the at least one client device;

tracking billing information for the conference call; and

providing an interface to the client device to allow the client device to control the initiated conference call.

2. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the interface provided to the client device enables an originator of the conference call to mute a participant, to kick off a participant, to end the conference call, or to add a participant while the conference call is ongoing.

3. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the billing rate for the conference call is computed by combining Call Data Records produced by the PABX server computing system.

4. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the client device is a wireless telephonic device.

5. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the client device is a wired telephonic device.

6. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the client device is a personal computer-implemented telephone device.

7. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the receiving from the at least one client device the indication of the plurality of telephone numbers of participant legs allows a user of the client device to specify all participants at once.

8. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the interface provided to the client device provides indications of when a participant is speaking or is muted.

9. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the interface provided to the client device enables a participant within the initiated conference call to, at least one of, indicate a desire to comment, agree or disagree with a comment, vote on a question or integrate with other conferencing systems.

10. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the computing system is an Application Programming Interface (API) server that connects via one or more data packets with a client communications device.

11. The method ofclaim 10 wherein the client communications device is at least one of a mobile phone application, a personal computing system phone application, or a web browser telecommunications application.

12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing contents that, when executed, control a computer processor to perform a method comprising:

receiving from at least one client device an indication of a plurality of telephone numbers of participant legs for a desired conference call;

on behalf of the at least one client device, using a Private Automatic Branch eXchange (PABX) server computing system having an associated physical location and connected to a telephone exchange network through a telecommunications carrier, initiating the desired conference call for the plurality of telephone numbers of participant legs using the telephone exchange network, with a billing rate computed as if the PABX server computing system originated the conference call instead of the at least one client device and charging each participant call leg as if the conference call leg originated from the physical location associated with the PABX server computing system instead of from the location of the at least one client device, thereby providing lower costs for the desired conference call than if the conference call had been initiated by the at least one client device;

tracking billing information for the conference call; and

providing an interface to the client device to allow the client device to control the initiated conference call.

13. The computer-readable medium ofclaim 12 wherein the interface provided to the client device enables an originator of the conference call to mute a participant, to kick off a participant, to end the conference call, or to add a participant while the conference call is ongoing.

14. The computer-readable medium ofclaim 12 wherein the billing rate for the conference call is computed by combining call data records produced by the PABX server computing system.

15. The computer-readable medium ofclaim 12 wherein the client device is a wireless telephonic device.

16. The computer-readable medium ofclaim 12 wherein the client device is a wired telephonic device.

17. A telecommunications system comprising:

a memory;

an Applications Programming Interface (API) server for receiving indications of a plurality of telephone numbers of participant legs for a desired conference call from an interface executing on one of one or more client devices;

a Private Automatic Branch eXchage (PABX) server configured to initiate the desired conference call for the plurality of telephone numbers of participant legs using a telephone exchange network connected through a telecommunications carrier, with a billing rate computed as if the PABX server originated the conference call instead of the at least one client device and charging each participant call leg as if the conference call leg originated from a physical location associated with the PABX server instead of from the location of the one of one or more client devices, thereby providing lower costs for the desired conference call than if the conference call had been originated by the one of one or more client devices; and

a billing component for tracking the billing information for the conference call.

18. The telecommunications system ofclaim 17 wherein the interface provides indications of when a participant is speaking or is muted.

19. The telecommunications system ofclaim 17 wherein the interface executing on one of the one or more client devices enables a participant within the initiated conference call to, at least one of, indicate a desire to comment, agree or disagree with a comment, vote on a question or integrate with other conferencing systems.

20. The telecommunications system ofclaim 17 wherein the billing rate for the conference call is computing by combining call data records produced by the PABX server computing system.

21. The method ofclaim 8 wherein the interface provided to the client device provides indication of when a participant is muted.

22. The method ofclaim 1 provided as a plug-in from another application in the computing system.

23. The telecommunications system ofclaim 17 wherein the one of one or more client devices is a mobile phone.

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