US20130267788A1 - System and Method for Orientation and Movement of Remote Objects - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosed invention provides apparatus, systems, and methods for moving an object in an enclosed area using a magnetic dipole deployed in the enclosed area and thereafter applying an external rotating magnetic field for applying a rotational force to the dipole along one or more selected axis. The external magnetic field is moved to manipulate object in the desired direction(s) of movement.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD
• The invention relates to the use of magnetic fields for the orientation and movement of remote objects. More particularly, the invention relates to systems and methods for orienting and moving a remote object having a magnetic field by using a rotatable magnetic field external to the object.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• The deployment of relatively small probes or sensors for performing tasks in confined, inaccessible, or remote spaces is useful in several contexts. For example, it is known in the arts to use wireless capsules for collecting images by equipping them with cameras, or for delivering doses of medication to general areas of the digestive system by equipping them with drug reservoirs. The currently available wireless capsules used in the medical field are carried by peristalsis through the digestive tract. In non-medical applications, a probe capsule may be carried by fluid flow and/or gravity through a system of piping or tubing. Such approaches utilize movement inherent in the environment being investigated, and the movement and orientation of the probes is left to chance to some extent. The challenges of providing controllable orientation and movement functions for remote probe technology are significant. Attempts to provide movement capabilities to remote probes have been made using mechanical drive systems. However, such systems require a significant amount of power, which is difficult to provide within the space available.
• Due to the foregoing and possibly additional problems, improved apparatus, systems and methods for orientation and movement of remote objects would be useful contributions to the arts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/753,931, which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes by this reference. This application and the related application have one or more common inventors. In carrying out the principles of the present invention, in accordance with preferred embodiments, the invention provides controlled orientation and movement in remote objects. The embodiments described herein are intended to be exemplary and not exclusive. Variations in the practice of the invention are possible and preferred embodiments are illustrated and described for the purposes of clarifying the invention and are not intended to be restrictive. All possible variations within the scope of the invention cannot, and need not, be shown.
• According to one aspect of the invention, in an example of a preferred embodiment, a method for moving an object in an enclosed area includes steps for placing an object comprising a magnetic dipole in the enclosed area and thereafter applying an external rotating magnetic field for applying a rotational force to the object along a variable axis. The external magnetic field is moved to manipulate object along the variable axis in the desired direction of movement.
• According to another aspect of the invention, a system for moving an object in an enclosed area provides an object for placement in the enclosed area, the object having a magnetic dipole. The system also includes an external magnet configured for generating a rotating magnetic field for use in exerting a rotational force on the object. A control mechanism is provided for moving the external magnet in order to manipulate the object in the desired direction of movement.
• According to an aspect of the invention, in preferred embodiments, methods and systems for orienting an object in an enclosed area include placing an object having a magnetic dipole in an enclosed area with a starting orientation. An external magnetic field is applied in proximity to the magnetic dipole and manipulated to interact with the magnetic dipole causing the object to adopt a second orientation relative to the starting orientation.
• According to other aspects of the invention, in preferred embodiments, the remote object referred to herein is placed within a living medical patient, i.e., in vivo.
• According to another aspect of the invention, a preferred method for moving an object in an enclosed area includes the step of placing an object comprising a magnetic dipole within the enclosed area. The object has support points where it can make contact with the surface of the enclosed area. In a further step, wherein one support point of the object is in contact with a surface of the enclosed area, an external rotating magnetic field is applied, causing the dipole to rotate. Thus changing the support point of the object in contact with the surface of the enclosed area, the external magnetic field is moved to manipulate the object in a desired direction of movement.
• According to yet another aspect of the invention, in examples of preferred embodiments thereof, a system and method for observing an enclosed area provides for placing an object having a magnetic dipole and an image sensor in the enclosed area and applying an external rotating magnetic field. The external magnetic field is used to move the object for observing the area.
• The invention has advantages including but not limited to providing one or more of the following features, orientation control for remote objects, controlled movement for remote objects, low power requirements for probe motion systems, and robustness of motion control elements. These and other advantages, features, and benefits of the invention can be understood by one of ordinary skill in the arts upon careful consideration of the detailed description of representative embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The present invention will be more clearly understood from consideration of the description and drawings in which:
• FIG. 1 is a simplified partial cutaway view of an example of apparatus according to preferred embodiments of the invention;
• FIG. 2 is a simplified partial cutaway view of an alternative example of apparatus according to preferred embodiments of the invention;
• FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an overview of the operation of apparatus, systems and methods of the invention;
• FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an overview of the operation of apparatus, systems and methods of the invention;
• FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the operation of apparatus, systems and methods of the invention;
• FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the operation of apparatus, systems and methods of the invention in an exemplary operating environment;
• FIGS. 7A-7D are a series of conceptual diagrams portraying an example of a preferred alternative embodiment of a system and method steps of the invention;
• FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a preferred alternative embodiment of systems and method steps of the invention;
• FIG. 9 is another conceptual diagram illustrating a preferred alternative embodiment of systems and method steps of the invention;
• FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a preferred alternative embodiment of systems and method steps of the invention in an exemplary operating environment;
• FIG. 11 is another conceptual diagram illustrating a preferred alternative embodiment of systems and method steps of the invention in an exemplary operating environment.
• FIG. 12 is a close-up diagram illustrating a portion of magnet moving apparatus and systems according to preferred embodiments of the invention; and
• FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating external magnet moving apparatus and systems according to preferred embodiments of the invention.
• References in the detailed description correspond to like references in the various drawings unless otherwise noted. Descriptive and directional terms used in the written description such as up, down, horizontal, vertical, upper, side, et cetera; refer to the drawings themselves as laid out on the paper and not to physical limitations of the invention unless specifically noted. The drawings are not to scale, and some features of embodiments shown and discussed are simplified or amplified for illustrating principles and features as well as advantages of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• While the making and using of various exemplary embodiments of the invention are discussed herein, it should be appreciated that the apparatus and techniques for its use exemplify inventive concepts which can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. It should be understood that the invention may be practiced in various applications and embodiments without altering the principles of the invention. For purposes of clarity, detailed descriptions of functions, components, and systems familiar to those skilled in the applicable arts are not included. In general, the invention provides apparatus, systems, and methods for moving and orienting remote objects. The invention is described in the context of representative example embodiments. Although variations and alternatives for the details of the embodiments are possible, each has one or more advantages over the prior art.
• Referring primarily toFIG. 1, in an example of a preferred embodiment, anendoscope capsule apparatus100 is shown. The principles of the invention shown and described may also be applied to additional uses in vivo or to probes used in other contexts such as mechanical or fluid-handling systems. The term “capsule” is used interchangeably with the term “probe” herein to refer to probe apparatus and similar remote objects in general, regardless of shape. It should be understood that a capsule may be spherical, cylindrical, substantially cylindrical with hemi-spherical ends, or other suitable shapes or combinations of shapes. Thecapsule100 includes amagnetic dipole102. In this example the magnetic dipole's102 axis is aligned with the capsule's100 axis. Amagnetic field sensor104 is included. A pair of magnetic sensors may also be used. The magnetic field sensor(s)104 is (are) aligned with thedipole102 in order to sense the x-, y-, and z-axis magnetic field. In this example, the z direction is along the capsule axis. The magnetic field values sensed with themagnetic field sensor104 are preferably sent out from thecapsule100 using an included Radio Frequency (RF)transmitter106 andantenna108. As shown in this example, animage sensor110,lens112, and one ormore LEDs114 may be included in thecapsule100 for medical imaging purposes, along with associatedprocessing circuitry116 for processing, storing, and/or sending image data. Friction force may be used to stabilize thecapsule100 during orienting and/or moving maneuvers, thus it is preferred to increase the static friction force at selected points such as near the ends of the capsule by modifying the materials and/or texture and/or shape of the capsule accordingly. Preferably, “feet”118 are included on the external surface of thecapsule100 in locations selected for enhancing friction. The feet preferably take the form of rings, ridges, protrusions, or roughened surfaces. This is one example of a particular implementation possible within the scope of the invention. The principles of the invention are not limited to this particular implementation and many variations are possible. Another example of an endoscope capsule is shown inFIG. 2. Amagnetic dipole202 is included with one or a pair ofmagnetic field sensors204. The magnetic dipole's axis is preferably aligned with the capsule's axis (z). Themagnetic field sensors204 are aligned with thedipole202 for sensing the x-, y-, and z-axis of the magnetic field. A three-dimension gravity sensor205 is also preferably included. As in the above example, the measured magnetic field values and sensor data may be sent to an external receiver (not shown) using anRF link206. It should be appreciated that many other variations in the details and arrangement of components may be made within the scope the invention.
• With the overview of the exemplary apparatus ofFIGS. 1 and 2 in mind, it should be understood that the determination of the position of the of a capsule in a stationary state with one three-dimension magnetic sensor is shown by:
• 
  B^m_sensor(r_s,t)=R(α,β,γ)B^m_{magnet—ball}(r_s−r₀)+B^m_{capsule—dipole}(r_s)+B_earth
• 
  B^m_{magnet—ball}(r_s−r₀)=R(α,β,γ)B^m_{magnet—ball}(r_s−r₀)
• Wherein, B is the magnetic field, R is the rotation function linking the locally sensed magnetic field to an externally applied magnetic field provided by an external magnet as further described herein. The earth's magnetic field, B_earth, is small (about 0.2 to 0.4 Gauss) and generally can be neglected.
• 
  B^m_{capsule—dipole}(r_s->1)
• is fixed and can be pre-measured, at about 100 Gauss, for example.
• 
  B^m_{magnet—ball}(r_s−r₀)
• can be modeled as the dipole magnetic field (in the range of about 10˜300 Gauss). The r_ois the original magnetic ball location and orientation, thus at one external magnet position, three descriptive equations are available. When two magnetic field sensors are used in the capsule, as shown inFIG. 2, the step of shifting the external magnetic field may be omitted, since the two magnetic field sensors provide sufficient data to make the calculations.
• FIG. 3 shows a conceptual view of an example of the coordination among the various forces. A substantially spherical magnetic ball (not shown) has a magnetic field, represented byarrow1003, which has the magnetic moment of M, which forms the dipole magnetic field, the magnet is located at the X′, Y′, Z′ coordinate's (1000) point of origin O′. Thecapsule1008 is in the field of themagnetic ball1003. Assuming that thecapsule1008 remains at one location in a stationary state, shifting the external magnet, and thus themagnetic field1003, between two different positions thus provides a total six equations, so that x, y, z, α, β, and γ, can be reverse-calculated as thecapsule1008 location and angles. Additionally referring toFIG. 4, the use of the three-dimension gravity sensor for aligning the capsule and its imaging apparatus, such as an on-board CMOS imaging sensor is illustrated. The three-dimension gravity sensor205, with gravity readings of g_x, g_y, and g_z, from the x, y, and z axis respectively, is used to determine the angle α of thecapsule1008 relative to horizontal plane, or the Earth. When the position of thecapsule1008 is static, the α can be calculated:
• $\cos \alpha =\frac{g_z}{\sqrt{g_x^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; label="g\; y"\; filenames="US20130267788A1-20131010-D00004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">g</figure-callout>}}_y^{}+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; label="g\; z"\; filenames="US20130267788A1-20131010-D00004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">g</figure-callout>}}_z^{}}}.$
• Preferably, for imaging purposes, the CMOS sensor is mounted in a parallel relationship with thegravity sensor205. Assuming that the X direction of the CMOS sensor is the same as the x axis of the gravity sensor, and further assuming that the Y direction of CMOS image sensor is the same as y axis of gravity sensor, the rotation angle β of the CMOS sensor, or a captured image therefrom, can be calculated from the readings of g_xand g_y:
• $\mathrm{tg}\beta =\frac{g_y}{g_x}$
• Again referring primarily to the overview of the exemplary apparatus ofFIG. 2, the force and torque on the capsule for the two magnetic sensor structure may be calculated from the values given by the two magnetic field sensors as follows.
• 
  T=m×(B_m−B_dipole),F=m·(B_m−B_dipole)
• Wherein, m is the magnetic moment of the dipole. The gradient of the magnetic field can be calculated by the difference between the measurements taken by the two magnetic field sensors.
• $\left(B_m-B_{\mathrm{dipole}}\right)\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{B_{m1x}-B_{d1x}-B_{m2x}-B_{d2x}}{x_1-x_2}& \frac{B_{m1y}-B_{d1y}-B_{m2y}}{x_1-x_2}& \frac{B_{m1z}-B_{d1z}-B_{m2z}-B_{d2z}}{x_1-x_2}\\ \frac{B_{m1x}-B_{d1x}-B_{m2x}-B_{d2x}}{y_1-y_2}& \frac{B_{m1y}-B_{d1y}-B_{m2y}-B_{d2y}}{y_1-y_2}& \frac{B_{m1z}-B_{d1z}-B_{m2z}-B_{d2z}}{y_1-y_2}\\ \frac{B_{m1x}-B_{d1x}-B_{m2x}-B_{d2x}}{z_1-z_2}& \frac{B_{m1y}-B_{d1y}-B_{m2y}-B_{d2y}}{z_1-z_2}& \frac{B_{m1z}-B_{d1z}-B_{m2z}-B_{d2z}}{z_1-z_2}\end{array}$
• The force and torque are preferably calculated in real time during movement, monitoring the magnetic force in order that the capsule can be prevented from overshooting the desired position.
• In general, aligning and orienting an object deployed in a remote environment is accomplished by applying an external magnetic field to interact with the object's dipole such that the object is caused to rotate, move axially, or both. Thus, there is no requirement to carry a power source such as a battery within the object, such as a remote probe or capsule, in order to power movement. The external magnetic field is preferably rotatable through 360 degrees. Using the magnetic sensor(s) in the capsule, the largest magnetic field is found during the rotation of the external magnet. Since the magnetic dipole in the capsule has a tendency to turn along the magnetic field, the largest magnetic field value is used to indentify when the dipole in the capsule is in alignment with the axis of the external magnet. The dipole magnetic field is described by;
• $B_z^m=\frac{{\mu }_0}{4\pi }\frac{M}{D^3}+B_z^{\mathrm{dipole}}$
• Wherein, M is the magnetic moment of the external magnet, which is in control of the user and is known. B_z^mis the measured magnetic field. B_z^dipoleis the measured magnetic field of the capsule in the absence of the external magnet. The distance D is calculated from the above equation, thus the location and orientation of the capsule can be determined. This relationship is also shown inFIG. 5.
• The magnetic forces between the external magnet and magnetic dipole inside the capsule reduces quickly with distance. It should be appreciated that for medical implementations, the dipole magnet is necessarily small relative to the dimensions of the human body. In some applications, the use of larger dipole magnets may be preferable. The forces generated by the magnetic field may be separated into two types; magnetic field gradient force, and magnetic field torque force. For the approximation of the external magnet and magnetic dipole inside the capsule, the forces are shown by;
• $f_g=\frac{{\mu }_0}{4\pi }\frac{6\mathrm{Mm}}{D^4}$$f_t=\frac{{\mu }_0}{4\pi }\frac{2\mathrm{Mm}}{D^3r}$
• Wherein f_gis the magnetic field gradient force, and f_tis the magnetic field torque force. M is the magnetic moment of the external magnet and m is the magnetic moment of the capsule dipole. D is the distance from the external magnet to the magnetic dipole of the capsule, center to center. The length of the capsule dipole is represented by r. Comparison of the two forces reveals that as the distance D increases, the magnetic field torque force dominates.
• $\frac{f_t}{f_g}=\frac{D}{3r}$
• It has been found that there are several factors that may make directly dragging, or pushing, the capsule with an external magnet difficult to control. The magnetic field gradient force may not be exactly along the desired direction of movement. Obstacles, such as surface irregularities may lie in the desired path of movement. The magnetic field gradient force must overcome the forces of friction between the capsule and the surfaces it comes into contact with. Variations in static friction and dynamic friction may cause the capsule to alternately stick and slip, making movement erratic. The relationship between the various forces and how they interact is shown in the simplified diagram ofFIG. 6. Theexternal magnet400 is shown being used in an effort to drag acapsule402 in an operating environment, such as through a passage in vivo for example. Preferably, a robot is used to control the movement of theexternal magnet400. The magnetic field of the external magnet forms a link with the magnetic field of the capsule dipole, indicated by the gradient force f_g. As can be seen, the path of movement, axis of the capsule, and the direction of the gradient force cannot be precisely aligned. Friction f impedes movement, and potential obstacles lie ahead. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the capsule may be “walked”, overcoming some of the impeding forces. This enhanced method of movement is accomplished by altering support points and applying rotational force. For the purposes of this description “support points” refers to selected points at which the surface of the capsule may make contact with the surface on which it is deployed. It has been found that causing the capsule to reorient among its support points can be used to advantage in facilitating movement. For example, now referring primarily toFIGS. 7A through 7D, it can be seen that by shifting the support points and reorienting the capsule, the capsule can move along x. InFIG. 7A, acapsule500 is shown in a starting orientation. A support point at the surface of thecapsule500 is shown at502. A rotational force, indicated byarrow504, is applied by the interaction of the external magnetic field with the capsule dipole, causing the support point to move to506. InFIG. 7B, the starting orientation is with the support point at506. Arotational force508 is again applied, and again at510 (FIG. 7C), and as the external magnet is moved laterally, the capsule also moves laterally in the direction ofarrow512 inFIG. 7D, adopting a new support point indicated by514. By rotating the external magnetic field, the magnetic link between the external magnetic field and the capsule dipole is used to overcome the torque of the capsule's weight. Thus the force of friction need not be overcome as necessary in merely dragging the capsule. The method in fact uses the force of friction to advantage to the extent that it allows the capsule to be “walked” forward. This approach to movement of the capsule has been found to be more effective in many cases than dragging, magnetically levitating, or pushing alone. As the angle between the axis of the capsule and the direction of movement can be changed at the different steps, the capsule walking direction can be changed.
• An example of a special case of capsule movement using these principles is illustrated inFIG. 8. In this example, the capsule600 is more-or-less somersaulted along a movement path (indicated by arrow v). The external magnet602 is rotated and moved laterally along the movement path v. The resultant magnetic forces exerted between the external magnet and the capsule dipole cause the support point604 to alternate end-over-end as the capsule600 moves along the movement path v. Note that the external magnet is rotated in the same direction as its lateral motion. It has been found that in order to make the best forward movement, the relation of the moving speed v and rotating speed w should be v=wL for the external magnet, wherein L is the length of the capsule. In environments where the surface to be moved over is not smooth, this or a variation of this method of movement is advantageous for overcoming obstacles. In another example of a movement technique, when the distance between external control magnet(s) and the capsule is not too great, the capsule can be magnetically levitated. Magnetic levitation refers to the overcoming of the force of gravity for other than horizontal movement. As in “walking” the capsule as described herein, the static friction force between the capsule and the “wall” of the operating environment, such as an intestine or stomach for in vivo implementations, may be used to stabilize the capsule and to advance its movement in any direction. The alternating supporting points “walking” technique may also be applied in such maneuvers, in effect causing the capsule to climb a vertical or sloped surface, or for causing the capsule to travel along an inverted surface. In the example shown inFIG. 9, the capsule is rotated along an inverted surface and is simultaneously moved forward laterally by the manipulation of the external magnet. Note that the external magnet is rotated in the direction opposite to its lateral motion. Similar to the previous case, it has been found that a moving speed of v=−wL is preferable (w being negative to indicate the reverse rotation).
• FIGS. 10 and 11 are illustrative of the apparatus, systems and methods of orienting and moving a capsule equipped with an image sensor in vivo. InFIG. 10, a conceptual view shows that by relocating the capsule800 to relativelyfew vantage points802,804, within an operating environment, e.g., the stomach, and by reorienting (shown by800A-F) the capsule800 while positioned at thesevantage points802,804, nearly the entire surface of thestomach806 can be observed. Of course, deploying the capsule at additional locations facilitates observing the entire operating environment, or in some cases, may be used for observing one selected target location from multiple viewing angles. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the arts that location and/or imaging data or other data obtained from a remote sensor using the orientation and movement apparatus and methods described herein may use the data gathered by the probe to provide feedback for orientation and/or motion control, preferably in real time.FIG. 11 illustrates an alternative method of combined imaging and navigation, in a preferred embodiment wherein image analysis may be used not only for guiding capsule navigation, but in a method for determining distances and volumes from image analysis using a magnetically controlled remote probe system. As shown, at a point A, the capsule may be shifted a distance d, and images obtained by an on-board image sensor are also shifted relative to each other as shown at L1. Assuming that a corresponding pixel is defined by length p, the pixel p=d/L1. At the same point, using the rotating magnetic field to reorient the capsule in two different but closely spaced positions, and taking an image at each position, the images are shifted from each other by L2, in terms of the pixels. Thus the distance from the image sensor to the imaged surface is:
• $D=\frac{\mathrm{pL}2}{\theta }-H$
• Wherein θ is the angle between the first orientation and the second orientation, and H is the distance from the image sensor to the end of the capsule farthest from the surface. Reiterating these steps, the spatial dimensions of the target environment can be determined. Alternatively, the images thus obtained, pixel by pixel, may be combined using stereoscopic imaging techniques and equipment in order to render 3D images of the targeted area.
• FIGS. 12 and 13 depictapparatus1100 for moving external magnets relative to a capsule in accordance with the invention as described herein. As shown, amagnet1102, preferably approximately spherical, is secured in arotation frame1104. The magnetic pole of themagnet1102 is preferably in alignment with the intended orientation for vertical rotation. A verticalrotation servo motor1106 is preferably provided, as is a horizontalrotation servo motor1108, each of which is supported by a suitable frame,1110,1112, respectively. The supporting frames, e.g.1110,1112, are made from non ferromagnetic material such as plastics or selected metals such as aluminum, copper, or selected alloys. Theservo motors1106,1108, are preferably equipped with non-magnetic position sensors (not shown), such as laser or other optical sensors configured to provide guidance for controlling the movement of the motors. Thevertical rotation motor1106 is designed to impart rotation to themagnetic ball1102. Thehorizontal rotation motor1108 provides rotation in the horizontal plane. As shown inFIG. 13, theapparatus1100 preferably also includes fixtures adapted for horizontal and vertical positioning of themagnetic ball1102 by the use of vertically and horizontally adjustable mechanisms, e.g.,1202,1204 and anadjustable base1206. It can be seen that providing the external magnet with freedom of movement along two axes facilitates the practice of the techniques described herein for tracking and moving in the X, Y, and Z directions. The preferred embodiment shown is exemplary, and alternative structures may be used without departing from the invention so long as sufficient freedom of movement is provided.
• Capsules used for medical implementations may be equipped with one or more of the following: medical diagnostic tools, medical therapy tools, or surgical tools. Medical diagnostic tools are devices that aid in the examination of the bodily conditions of the area in which the capsule is deployed. These tools can include sensors that take images or measure the temperature, pressure, PH, and the like. In some versions of the invention, medical diagnostic tools may also include devices that collect physical samples from the area and deliver the samples outside of the body for further testing. Medical therapy tools refer to treatment devices meant to treat an existing medical condition. For example, these tools may include drug delivery units, medical light sources for photodynamic therapy, or controlled heat sources for hypothermia therapy. Medical surgical tools include devices that can perform surgical operations in vivo.
• The apparatus, systems and methods of the invention provide one or more advantages including but not limited to one or more of, improved remote object orientation and motion control, reduced remote probe power requirements. While the invention has been described with reference to certain illustrative embodiments, those described herein are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. For example, variations or combinations of features or materials in the embodiments shown and described may be used in particular cases without departure from the invention. Although the presently preferred embodiments are described herein in terms of particular examples, modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments as well as other advantages and embodiments of the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the arts upon reference to the drawings, description, and claims.

Claims (40)

We claim:

1. A method for moving an object in an enclosed area comprising the steps of:

placing an object comprising a magnetic dipole in an enclosed area;

applying an external rotating magnetic field for applying rotational force to the object from pole to pole along a variable axis; and

moving the external magnetic field to manipulate object along the variable axis in the desired direction of movement.

2. The method according toclaim 1 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises placing the object in vivo.

3. The method according toclaim 1 comprising the further step of using frictional force to stabilize the movement of the object.

4. The method according toclaim 3 wherein the step of using frictional force further comprises the step of increasing the frictional force by placing a high-friction substance on a surface of the object.

5. The method according toclaim 1 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a medical diagnostic tool.

6. The method according toclaim 1 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a medical therapy tool.

7. The method according toclaim 1 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a surgical tool.

8. The method according toclaim 1 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a three-dimension magnetic sensor.

9. The method according toclaim 1 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a three-dimension gravity sensor.

10. The method according toclaim 1 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a one direction magnetic sensor.

11. The method according toclaim 1 further comprising the step of determining the angle of the object relative to the horizontal plane using data from a gravity sensor in the object.

12. A system for moving an object in an enclosed area comprising:

an object comprising a magnetic dipole for placement in an enclosed area;

an external magnet configured for generating a rotating magnetic field for applying rotational force to the object from pole to pole along a variable axis; and

a control mechanism for moving the external magnet to manipulate the object along the variable axis in the desired direction of movement.

13. The system according toclaim 12 wherein the object is configured for placement in vivo.

14. The system according toclaim 12 wherein the object further comprises a high-friction substance positioned on a surface of the object for increasing the frictional force generated by the object.

15. The system according toclaim 12 wherein the object further comprises a medical diagnostic tool.

16. The system according toclaim 12 wherein the object further comprises a medical therapy tool.

17. The system according toclaim 12 wherein the object further comprises a surgical tool.

18. The system according toclaim 12 wherein the object further comprises a three-dimension magnetic sensor.

19. The system according toclaim 12 wherein the object further comprises a three-dimension gravity sensor.

20. The system according toclaim 12 wherein the object further comprises a one direction magnetic sensor.

21. A method for orienting an object in an enclosed area comprising the steps of:

placing an object comprising a magnetic dipole in an enclosed area, wherein the object has a starting orientation;

applying an external magnetic field in proximity to the magnetic dipole; and

manipulating the external magnetic field to interact with the magnetic dipole, thereby causing the object to adopt a second orientation relative to the starting orientation.

22. The method according toclaim 21 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises placing the object in vivo.

23. The method according toclaim 21 comprising the further step of using frictional force to stabilize the object in the enclosed area.

24. The method according toclaim 21 comprising the further steps of:

capturing an image at the starting orientation;

capturing a separate image at the second orientation; and

using the captured images to calculate the spatial dimensions of the area.

25. A method for moving an object in an enclosed area comprising the steps of:

placing an object comprising a magnetic dipole in an enclosed area, wherein a support point of the object is in contact with a surface of the enclosed area;

applying an external rotating magnetic field on the dipole, exerting a rotational force on the object, thereby changing the support point of the object in contact with the surface of the enclosed area; and

moving the external magnetic field to manipulate object in a desired direction of movement.

26. The method according toclaim 25 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises placing the object in vivo.

27. The method according toclaim 25 comprising the further step of using frictional force to stabilize the movement of the object.

28. The method according toclaim 25 comprising the further step of using frictional force to stabilize the movement of the object by placing a high-friction substance at one or more points on the surface of the object.

29. The method according toclaim 25 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a medical diagnostic tool.

30. The method according toclaim 25 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a medical therapy tool.

31. The method according toclaim 25 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a surgical tool.

32. The method according toclaim 25 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a three-dimension magnetic sensor.

33. The method according toclaim 25 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a three-dimension gravity sensor.

34. The method according toclaim 25 wherein the step of placing an object in an enclosed area further comprises providing an object comprising a one direction magnetic sensor.

35. A method for observing an enclosed area comprising the steps of:

placing an object comprising a magnetic dipole and an image sensor in an enclosed area;

applying an external rotating magnetic field; and

using the external magnetic field to move the object for observing the area.

36. A system for observing an enclosed area comprising:

an object comprising a magnetic dipole and an image sensor for placement in an enclosed area; and

an external magnet configured for generating a rotating magnetic field for moving the object.

37. A system for orienting an internal object comprising:

an internal object comprising a magnetic dipole wherein the object has a starting orientation;

an external magnet configured to generate a magnetic field to be applied in proximity to the magnetic dipole;

a control mechanism for manipulating the external magnetic field to interact with the magnetic dipole causing the internal object to adopt a second orientation relative to the starting orientation.

38. The system according toclaim 37 wherein the control mechanism further comprises a plurality of servo motors for moving the external magnet along a plurality of axes.

39. The system according toclaim 37 wherein the internal object further comprises a three-dimension magnetic sensor.

40. The system according toclaim 37 wherein the internal object further comprises a three-dimension gravity sensor.

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