US20130008937A1 - Surgical Stapling Apparatus Having a Wound Closure Material Applicator Assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A surgical stapling apparatus includes a staple anvil and a staple cartridge having a working surface, one or more rows of individual staple slots formed in the working surface, a knife track formed along a length of the working surface, and a plurality of surgical staples individually disposed within the individual staple slots. The apparatus further includes an actuation sled having a knife and being configured and adapted to movably position the knife axially within the knife track. The apparatus also includes a wound closure material applicator assembly having a needle secured to the knife to dispense a quantity of wound closure material along a length of the knife track as the actuation sled and knife are moved therealong.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
• The present application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. provisional Application Ser. No. 60/379,971 filed on May 10, 2002, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
• 1. Technical Field
• The present disclosure relates to surgical staplers, and more particularly, to a surgical stapling apparatus for applying a plurality of surgical fasteners to body tissue and having a wound closure material applicator assembly for dispensing a quantity of wound closure material or components thereof, at least along a knife cut line and/or a staple line.
• 2. Background of Related Art
• Surgical procedures requiring cutting of tissue can result in bleeding at the site of the cut. Various techniques have been developed to control bleeding with varying degrees of success, such as, for example, suturing, applying clips to blood vessels, and using surgical fasteners, as well as electrocautery and other tissue healing techniques.
• Surgical instruments using surgical fasteners entail grasping or clamping tissue between opposing jaw structure and then joining the tissue by employing the surgical fasteners. These instruments are well known in the art. In some instruments, a knife is provided to cut the tissue, which has been joined by the fasteners. The fasteners are typically in the form of surgical staples however, two part polymeric fasteners can also be utilized.
• Instruments for this purpose can include two elongated or circular members, which are respectively used to capture or clamp tissue. Typically, one of the members carries a cartridge, which houses a plurality of staples arranged in at least two lateral rows while the other member carries an anvil, which defines a surface for forming the staple legs as the staples are driven from the cartridge. Where two part fasteners are used, one of the members carries a cartridge which houses one half of a fastener while the other member carries the second part of the fastener, e.g., the mating part, which halves are configured and adapted to to be held together upon approximation. Typically, the stapling operation is effected by a driving member, which travels longitudinally through the cartridge carrying member, with the driving member acting upon pushers, which engage the staples for sequentially ejecting them from the cartridge. A knife can be provided which travels between the staple rows to longitudinally cut (i.e., form a knife cut line) and/or open the stapled tissue between the rows of staples. Usually, but not always, the knife is associated with or travels with the staple driving member. Such instruments are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,079,606 and 3,490,675, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• A later stapler disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,499,591, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, applies a double row of staples on each side of the incision or the knife cut line. This is accomplished by providing a cartridge assembly in which a cam member moves through an elongate guide path between two sets of staggered staple carrying grooves. Staple drive members are located within the grooves and are positioned in such a manner so as to be contacted by the longitudinally moving cam to effect ejection of the staples. Other examples of staplers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,429,695, 5,065,929, and 5,156,614, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• Electrocautery devices are preferred in certain surgical procedures for effecting improved hemostasis by heating tissue and blood vessels using thermogenic energy, preferably radiofrequency energy, to cause coagulation or cauterization. Monopolar devices utilize one electrode associated with a cutting or cauterizing instrument and a remote return electrode, usually adhered externally to the patient. Bipolar instruments utilize two electrodes and the cauterizing current is generally limited to tissue between the two electrodes of a tissue treating portion (e.g., end effector) of an instrument.
• Even though stapling apparatus and electrocauterizing apparatus are respectively generally well suited to control bleeding along the knife cut line, other techniques are herein envisioned for being used in conjunction with these techniques.
• Therefore, it is an aspect of the invention to provide a surgical stapling apparatus for providing general hemostasis, tissue joining or welding, and also a wound closure material, for example, for providing additional hemostasis along a cut line formed by a knife or other cutting means and/or along a staple line of the surgical stapling apparatus to reduce or prevent bleeding along the cut line and/or staple line.
SUMMARY
• This present disclosure relates to surgical stapling apparatus having a wound closure material applicator for applying a plurality of surgical fasteners to body tissue and dispensing a quantity of wound closure material or components thereof, along a staple line and/or a knife cut line.
• According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a surgical stapling apparatus for enhancing one or more properties of body tissue that is or is to be repaired or joined is provided. The surgical stapling apparatus includes a staple anvil positioned on a distal end of the stapling apparatus and having a longitudinal knife track and a staple cartridge positioned adjacent a distal end of the stapling apparatus, the staple cartridge and staple anvil being juxtaposable relative to each other. The staple cartridge includes a plurality of surgical staples individually disposed within individual staple slots formed in rows in the staple cartridge and having a longitudinal knife slot.
• The surgical stapling apparatus includes a driving member for firing the surgical staples from the individual staple slots and against the staple anvil, a knife blade structure including a knife blade receivable in and axially movable along the knife track and knife slot, and a wound closure material applicator assembly operatively associated with the stapling apparatus. The wound closure material applicator assembly includes a channel with an orifice, and a conduit in fluid communication with the channel, wherein axial movement of the knife blade structure through the knife track and knife slot axially advances the knife blade structure to permit the orifice to dispense wound closure material from the orifice into an area between the staple anvil and the staple cartridge.
• It is envisioned that the applicator assembly further includes at least one reservoir in fluid communication with the conduit, the at least one reservoir containing a wound closure material therein. The driving member can include an actuation sled and the knife blade structure is part of the actuation sled. The knife blade structure preferably includes a needle having the orifice.
• The wound closure material can be an astringent, a sulfate of aluminum, an adhesive, a hemostat and/or a sealant.
• The reservoir can be compressible. Compression of the reservoir can cause the wound closure material to be dispensed from a needle of the applicator assembly.
• The orifice of the needle can be oriented in at least one of a proximal, distal, downward and upward direction. Preferably, the needle has a tip and the orifice is located at the tip. The needle can include a plurality of orifices oriented in at least one of a proximal, distal, downward and upward direction.
• The conduit is preferably extendable through at least a portion of the staple cartridge.
• The needle can be secured to the knife blade structure. As such, the needle can be adapted to dispense the wound closure material into at least an area near the knife blade and/or into at least an area behind the knife blade.
• According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, a surgical stapling apparatus for enhancing one or more properties of body tissue that is or is to be repaired or joined is provided. The surgical stapling apparatus includes a staple anvil positioned on a distal end of the stapling apparatus and having a longitudinal knife track and a staple cartridge positioned adjacent a distal end of the stapling apparatus, the staple anvil and staple cartridge being juxtaposable relative to each other. The staple cartridge includes a working surface, one or more rows of individual staple slots formed in the working surface, a knife slot formed along a length of the working surface, and a plurality of surgical staples individually disposed within the individual staple slots.
• The surgical stapling apparatus includes a driving member translatably receivable in the staple cartridge for firing the surgical staples from the individual staple slots and against the staple anvil, the driving member including an actuation sled having a knife operatively connected thereto, the actuation sled being configured and adapted to position the knife to be axially moveable within the track and the knife slot.
• The surgical stapling apparatus further includes a wound closure material applicator assembly including an applicator having an orifice and configured to dispense a quantity of wound closure material from the orifice as the knife moves along a length of the knife slot.
• The wound closure material applicator can include a needle having an orifice and secured to a portion of the actuation sled, wherein the needle directs the dispensation of wound closure material through the orifice, and a conduit in fluid communication with the needle for delivering the quantity of wound closure material to the needle. The wound closure material applicator assembly can further include a reservoir, containing at least one quantity of wound closure material, in fluid communication with the conduit.
• The quantity of wound closure material can be an astringent, an adhesive, a hemostat, and a sealant.
• The reservoir can be compressible. Compression of the reservoir causes the wound closure material to be dispensed from the needle of the applicator.
• The needle has a tip with the orifice and the tip of the needle is oriented in at least one of a proximal, distal, downward and upward direction. The needle includes a plurality of orifices oriented in at least one of a proximal, distal, downward and upward direction. The orifice is adapted to spray a mist of the wound closure material near and/or behind the knife.
• According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, a surgical stapling apparatus for enhancing one or more properties of body tissue that is or is to be repaired or joined, wherein the surgical stapling apparatus includes a staple anvil positioned on a distal end of the stapling apparatus, a staple cartridge positioned adjacent a distal end of the stapling apparatus, the staple cartridge including a working surface defining a knife slot formed along a length thereof, a driving member translatably receivable in the staple cartridge and including an actuation sled having a knife structure operatively connected thereto and positioned within the knife slot, is provided.
• The improvement includes a wound closure material applicator assembly configured to dispense a quantity of wound closure material as the knife structure moves along a length of the knife slot.
• It is envisioned that the wound closure material applicator includes a needle secured to the actuation sled, wherein the needle directs the dispensation of wound closure material, and a conduit in fluid communication with the needle for delivering the quantity of wound closure material to the needle. It is further envisioned that the needle is secured to the knife.
• It is contemplated that the wound closure material applicator further includes a reservoir, containing the quantity of wound closure material, in fluid communication with the conduit.
• The quantity of wound closure material is an astringent, an adhesive, a hemostat and/or a sealant.
• The reservoir can be compressible. Accordingly, compression of the reservoir causes the wound closure material to be dispensed from the needle. The reservoir can be in the form of a syringe. The syringe can include two chambers each containing a different wound closure material. Alternatively, the syringe includes two chambers each containing a component of a wound closure material, wherein the wound closure material is activated upon combination of the two components of the wound closure material.
• It is contemplated that the needle directs wound closure material onto, in front of, behind or to the sides of the knife. It is also contemplated that advantageously, in combination with any of the above aspects of the invention, the conduit can have one or more holes therein to dispense wound closure material onto tissue disposed between the anvil and the cartridge.
• Further features of the surgical apparatus of the invention will become more readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the apparatus taken in conjunction with the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Various embodiments of the surgical stapling apparatus of the invention will be described hereinbelow with reference to the drawings wherein:
• FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a surgical stapling apparatus having a wound closure material applicator assembly constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment, with the clamping handle of the apparatus disposed in an upright open position;
• FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the surgical stapling apparatus illustrated inFIG. 1A with the clamping handle disposed in a closed position;
• FIG. 2A is an exploded perspective view of the surgical stapling apparatus ofFIG. 1A;
• FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a surgical stapling apparatus having a wound closure material applicator assembly constructed in accordance with another preferred embodiment;
• FIG. 2C is a perspective view of a surgical stapling apparatus having a wound closure material applicator assembly constructed in accordance with another preferred embodiment;
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cartridge half-section of the surgical stapling apparatus ofFIG. 1A;
• FIG. 4A is a top plan view of a retention channel of the surgical stapling apparatus ofFIG. 1A;
• FIG. 4B is a side elevational view of the retention channel shown inFIG. 4A;
• FIG. 4C is a perspective view of the retention channel ofFIGS. 4A and 4B with the disposable loading unit retained therein;
• FIG. 5A is an enlarged perspective view, with parts separated, of the disposable loading unit and actuation assembly of the surgical stapling apparatus ofFIG. 1A;
• FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the indicated area inFIG. 5A showing the engagement of the cartridge lip and the retention channel;
• FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the actuation sled of the disposable loading unit shown inFIG. 5A in a pre-formed condition;
• FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the actuation sled shown inFIG. 6A in a formed condition with the knife blade and a dispensing needle of the wound closure material applicator assembly separated therefrom for illustrative purposes;
• FIG. 6C is a perspective view of the formed actuation sled shown inFIG. 6B with the knife blade and the dispensing needle mounted to the blade support portion thereof;
• FIG. 6D is a perspective view of the dispensing needle and a portion of the conduit in an alternate embodiment;
• FIG. 7 is a plan view of the preformed anvil plate which is mounted to the anvil support beam of the anvil half-section of the surgical stapling apparatus shown inFIG. 1A;
• FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the preformed anvil plate taken along line8-8 ofFIG. 7;
• FIG. 9 is a front end view of the preformed anvil plate illustrated inFIGS. 7 and 8;
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the anvil half-section of the surgical stapling apparatus ofFIG. 1A with an enlarged localized view of a distal portion thereof illustrating the connective engagement between the anvil plate and the anvil support beam;
• FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of a lockout mechanism to prevent reactuation of the apparatus;
• FIG. 11A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the T-shaped member of the lockout mechanism;
• FIG. 11B is a perspective view of the needle and the shank according to an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure wherein the needle is forked with two tines and each tine is directed to an opposing side of the shank;
• FIG. 12 is an enlarged perspective view of the actuation channel having an edge for engagement by the hook of the lockout mechanism;
• FIGS. 13A and 13B are side views of the lockout mechanism illustrating its movement from a non-engaged to an engaged position;
• FIG. 14 is a side elevational view in cross-section of the surgical stapling apparatus of the present invention with the actuation sled supporting the adhesive dispensing needle and disposed in a pre-actuated proximal position;
• FIG. 15 is a side elevational view in cross-section of the surgical stapling apparatus of the present invention with the actuation sled disposed in a partially advanced position;
• FIG. 16 is a side elevational view in cross-section of the surgical stapling apparatus of the subject application with the actuation sled advanced to the distal end of the cartridge at the conclusion of a staple firing procedure;
• FIG. 17 is a side elevational view in cross-section of the surgical stapling apparatus of the subject application with the actuation sled advanced to the distal end of the cartridge at the conclusion of a staple firing procedure and a dispensing needle located near the knife blade;
• FIG. 18A is a perspective view of an actuation sled including a wound closure material applicator, in accordance with an alternative embodiment, operatively connected thereto;
• FIG. 18B is a top plan view of the actuation sled and applicator ofFIG. 18A;
• FIG. 18C is a bottom plan view of the actuation sled and applicator ofFIG. 18A;
• FIG. 19A is a perspective view of an actuation sled including a wound closure material applicator operatively connected thereto, in accordance with another embodiment;
• FIG. 19B is a top plan view of the actuation sled and applicator ofFIG. 19A;
• FIG. 19C is a bottom plan view of the actuation sled and applicator ofFIG. 19A;
• FIG. 20A is a perspective view of an actuation sled including a wound closure material applicator operatively connected thereto, according to yet another embodiment;
• FIG. 20B is a top plan view of the actuation sled and applicator ofFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 20C is a bottom plan view of the actuation sled and applicator ofFIG. 20A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Preferred embodiments of the presently disclosed surgical stapling apparatus will now be described with reference to the drawing figures wherein like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements. In the drawings and in the following description, the term “proximal”, as is traditional, will refer to the end of the apparatus which is closer to the operator, while the term “distal” will refer to the end of the apparatus which is further away from the operator.
• The present invention provides a surgical stapling apparatus having a wound closure material applicator assembly which applies at least one biological and/or synthetic biocompatible sealant, hemostat, adhesive, and combinations thereof (individually or collectively referred to herein as wound closure material), as well as surgical fasteners or staples, for example, for providing hemostasis, tissue joining or welding. The application of a wound closure material to the cut line and/or staple line can provide short, i.e., temporary, and long-term, i.e., permanent, hemostasis and sealing, and reduce or prevent bleeding along a knife cut line and/or staple line, while the stapling features provide short and long-term tissue strength and hemostasis.
• Since knife cut line and staple line bleeding is reduced or prevented, the surgical stapling apparatus of the present invention makes it possible to expand the applicable range of specific staple sizes to include thinner or thicker staples used in highly vascularized tissue. For example, it is contemplated that relatively large-size staples could be used with the surgical stapling apparatus of the present invention to join thin, highly vascularized tissue.
• Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference numerals identify similar structural elements, there is illustrated inFIGS. 1A and 1B a surgical stapling apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment and designated generally asreference numeral10.Surgical stapling apparatus10 includes a cartridge half-section11aand an anvil half-section11b.
• Referring toFIGS. 2A,2B and3, staplingapparatus10 includes abody portion12 defining a handle for grasping and supportingstapling apparatus10. A retainingchannel14 is mounted in aninterior cavity15 ofbody portion12 adjacent the distal end thereof. Retainingchannel14 is dimensioned and configured to support adisposable loading unit20, as illustrated inFIG. 4C.
• As shown inFIG. 5A,disposable loading unit20 includes acartridge22 having tissue contacting or workingsurface21, a plurality ofslots22cwhich support a corresponding number ofsurgical staples24, a plurality of staple pushers orejectors26 adapted and configured to ejectstaples24 fromslots22cwhen acted upon by a staple driving force, and anactuation sled28 which is mounted to translate throughcartridge22 in a longitudinal direction to transmit a staple driving force toejectors26 and dispense a quantity of wound closure material to be a target surgical site.
• As seen in the figures, particularly inFIGS. 2A,3, and5A,surgical stapling apparatus10 includes a wound closurematerial applicator assembly2 operatively associated withsurgical stapling apparatus10. Wound closurematerial applicator assembly2 includes a compressible (or syringe-like, etc.) reservoir4 (seeFIG. 2A) in fluid communication with aneedle6 via aconduit8. In use, woundclosure material applicator2 manually or automatically supplies a wound closure material “W”, or a component thereof, to a target surgical site.Conduit8 entersbody portion12 via anopening9 and is configured for traversing approximately the entire length ofbody portion12 andcartridge22, during firing ofapparatus10. Preferably, a distal portion ofconduit8 is supported byactuation sled28 andneedle6 is secured to, connected to, or otherwise mounted on a portion ofactuation sled28, here onknife blade36, in such a manner that the tip ofneedle6 is oriented in a proximal direction.Conduit8 preferably has sufficient slack to extend along the entire path ofknife blade36 for applying wound closure material “W” along the entire or substantially the entire length of a knife cut line formed by knife blade36 (seeFIG. 16).
• Reservoir4, in one embodiment, is compressible and configured for placement between cartridge half-section11aand anvil half-section11bofapparatus10. In this manner, as lever handle100 is moved towards body portion12 (seeFIG. 2B)reservoir4 is compressed. Compression ofreservoir4 causes wound closure material “W” contained therein to be urged throughconduit8 and dispensed fromneedle6. Preferably, wound closure material “W” is dispensed during the staple firing procedure so that wound closure material “W” is dispensed along the length of the staple line and/or knife cut line.
• In another embodiment, as shown byFIG. 2C, wound closurematerial applicator assembly2 includes tworeservoirs3a,3b, e.g., two syringe-type non-compressible reservoirs, each in fluid communication with dispensing needle6 (not shown) via at least onerespective conduit8a,8b.First reservoir3astores one component of wound closure material “W” and second reservoir3bstores a second component of wound closure material “W”. Preferably, the first andsecond reservoirs3a,3bare identical for encasing an equal or appropriate volumetric amount of their respective component as compared to the other reservoir to maintain a predetermined desired ratio of the first component to the second component, which is typically a 1:1 ratio.Reservoirs3a,3bare preferably actuated manually for dispensing their respective component Alternatively, depending on the components and situation, the two components can be joined and fed through a common conduit.
• Preferably, wound closure material “W” is formed by the two components is fibrin glue or fibrin sealant, which acts as a hemostatic agent and as a tissue adhesive. Fibrin sealant is formed by the rapid polymerization, which occurs when a solution of proteomic clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, comes into contact with a solution of a proteomic catalyst, such as thrombin. This rapid polymerization typically commences within two seconds after the solutions initially contact one another, and it typically attains a soft set within ten seconds of contact. Because of the rapid polymerization upon intimate interaction of fibrinogen and thrombin, it is important and preferable to maintain these two blood proteins separate until applied at the application site. Accordingly, it is preferred that wound closurematerial applicator assembly2 supplies each blood protein separately from the other blood protein by using a separate conduit for each protein.
• It is envisioned that wound closure material “W” can include one or a combination of adhesives, hemostats, sealants. Surgical biocompatible wound closure materials which can be employed in or applied the surgical instruments, especially surgical staplers, include adhesives whose function is to attach or hold organs, tissues or structures, sealants to prevent fluid leakage, and hemostats to halt or prevent bleeding. Examples of adhesives which can be employed include protein derived, aldehyde-based adhesive materials, for example, the commercially available albumin/glutaraldehyde materials sold under the trade designation BioGlue™ by Cryolife, Inc., and cyanoacrylate-based materials sold under the trade designations Indermil™ and Derma Bond™ by Tyco Healthcare Group, LP and Ethicon Endosurgery, Inc., respectively. Examples of sealants, which can be employed, include fibrin sealants and collagen-based and synthetic polymer-based tissue sealants. Examples of commercially available sealants are synthetic polyethylene glycol-based, hydrogel materials sold under the trade designation CoSeal™ by Cohesion Technologies and Baxter International, Inc. Examples of hemostat materials, which can be employed, include fibrin-based, collagen-based, oxidized regenerated cellulose-based and gelatin-based topical hemostats. Examples of commercially available hemostat materials are fibrinogen-thrombin combination materials under sold the trade designations CoStasis™ by Tyco Healthcare Group, LP, and Tisseel™ sold by Baxter International, Inc. Hemostats herein include astringents, e.g., aluminum sulfate, and coagulants.
• Cartridge22 is preferably fabricated from liquid crystal polymer material, such as liquid crystal polymer resin, commercially available from Plasticsnet.com under the trademark Xydar, although other materials are contemplated.Cartridge22 has alip23 which engages theretention channel14 to prevent inward rotation of cartridge22 (seeFIG. 5B).
• As best seen inFIG. 6A,actuation sled28 is preferably monolithically formed from a single piece of sheet metal which is folded into the desired structural configuration shown inFIGS. 6B and 6C. In this configuration, actuation sled (staple actuator)28 defines abase portion30, twoupstanding cam wedges32 and34, and anupstanding shank35 which supports theknife blade36 and the distal portion ofconduit8.Conduit8 andknife blade36 are preferably spot welded toshank35, although other known fastening methods, e.g., clamping, may be employed. As illustrated inFIG. 6B, aweldment port37 and awinglet39 are provided to facilitate the proper alignment and cohesion ofknife blade36 toshank35 during fabrication.Actuation sled28 can also be non-monolithically formed.Needle6 is preferably formed to have a generally semi-circular configuration (shown inFIGS. 6B,6C) where it has an arc, or radius of curvature, that is about 180°. Alternatively, in another embodiment,needle6 is formed to have an arc, or radius of curvature, that is about 270° (seeFIG. 6D).
• Cam wedges32 and34 are staggered with respect to one another so that one leads the other throughout the sled's translation throughcartridge22.Longitudinal slots22aand22baccommodate the longitudinal translation ofcam wedges32 and34, while a slot, orknife slot22d(seeFIGS. 5A and 5B), i.e., knife track, accommodates the longitudinal translation ofshank35.
• Base portion30 ofactuation sled28 has atransverse slot40 defined therein which is dimensioned and configured to releasably retain anupturned flange42 formed at the distal end of elongated actuation channel44 (FIG. 5A). Whendisposable loading unit20 is placed into retainingchannel14 andactuation sled28 is disposed in its proximal-most position,flange42 releasably engagesslot40. Thus, movement ofactuation channel44moves actuation sled28. After a stapling operation, whendisposable loading unit20 is removed from retainingchannel14,flange42 is easily disengaged fromslot40.
• With continued reference toFIG. 5A,actuation channel44 is defined by abase portion45 and two parallelupstanding beams46 and48 of elongate configuration. The distal ends ofbeams46 and48 are staggered to match the staggered orientation ofcam wedges32 and34, respectively. The proximal end of each beam projects rearwardly to engage a mountingblock49 that is associated with a firingknob50. A pair of slots52 (only one of which is shown) is formed in mountingblock49 for receiving the proximal end of each of theupstanding beams46,48 ofactuation channel44 andslots52 are provided withdetents54 for engagingapertures56 in the beam ends to lockingly retainbeams46,48 in mountingblock49. In use, longitudinal movement of firingknob50 causes corresponding longitudinal translation ofactuation channel44 andactuation sled28.
• Referring toFIGS. 2A and 4C,retention channel14 includes abase portion60 and two upstandingparallel walls62 and64. Numerical indicia are imprinted on thewalls62,64 ofretention channel14 to indicate the length of the staple line. Retention structures in the form ofretention notches66a,66bare provided at the distal end of each ofwalls62,64 to engage corresponding structures in the form ofprotuberances67 provided ondisposable loading unit20. Similarly,slots68aand68bare provided at the distal end of each ofwalls62,64 for engaging corresponding detents, such asdetent69 provided ondisposable loading unit20. These structures inhibit lateral, longitudinal and perpendicular shifting of cartridge22 (and disposable loading unit20) within retainingchannel14. Rampedengagement slots70aand70bare also defined in the opposed walls ofretention channel14 for interacting with a pair of opposedprotuberances72aand72bof disposable loading unit20 (FIG. 5A) to guidedisposable loading unit20 intoretention channel14 when loaded into thesurgical stapling apparatus10.
• Referring again toFIG. 2A,surgical stapling apparatus10 further includes an elongateanvil support beam80 which has a generally U-shaped cross-sectional configuration.Proximal end portion82 ofsupport beam80 has a notchedarea84 for engaging a pair of corresponding detents86 (only one of which is shown), which extend intocavity15 ofbody portion12 adjacent the proximal end thereof.Detents86 are engaged when cartridge half-section11aand anvil half-section11bare mated with one another.Distal end portion88 ofanvil support beam80 is configured to support a preformedanvil plate90 against whichstaples24 are driven and formed during a stapling procedure.
• Referring toFIGS. 7 and 8,anvil plate90 can be formed from a unitary piece of metal and cold formed and stamped to define a plurality of staple forming recesses or cups91. Eachstaple forming recess91 corresponds to a particular staple housed withincartridge22.Anvil plate90, as shown inFIG. 2A, is provided with twoopposed tangs92aand92bwhich extend inwardly to engagecomplementary engagement slots93b(only one is shown) inanvil support beam80 during fabrication and assembly (seeFIG. 10). The cross-sectional configuration ofanvil plate90 is dimensioned to complement the cross-sectional geometry of support beam80 (seeFIG. 9). More particularly, a cavity, orknife track97, which extends along the length ofanvil plate90, corresponds to a similar channel formed insupport beam80. These areas accommodate shank35 (seeFIGS. 6A-6C), andknife blade36 andneedle6 as they translate distally to form an incision in stapled body tissue during a stapling operation. A pair ofrectangular apertures95aand95bare formed inanvil plate90 adjacent the proximal end thereof for receiving a pair of correspondingly positioned flanges orprojections96aand96bwhich project upwardly away from the tissue contacting surface (seeFIGS. 2 and 4C). The interaction betweenaperture95a,95bandflanges96a,96bensures thatcartridge22 andanvil plate90 are properly aligned with one another during a stapling procedure.Flanges96a,96bare spaced proximally oftissue stop portion61 ofretention channel14.Portion61 anddistal edge13 ofbody portion12, best seen inFIG. 3, cooperate to prevent tissue from extending proximally.
• Referring again toFIGS. 2A and 2B, anvil half-section11bof staplingapparatus10 further includes clampinghandle100 which is used to securely clamp tissue between the staple forming surface ofanvil plate90 andtissue contacting surface21 of cartridge22 (seeFIG. 5A). Clampinghandle100 is pivotably mounted toanvil support beam80 about a transverse pivot pin, which is not shown in the drawings. A pair of clamping hooks102aand102bdepend from clampinghandle100 for interacting withU-shaped clamping beam104 supported within the internal cavity defined inbody portion12.
• Whenapparatus10 is assembled prior to use, notchedarea84 atproximal end82 ofanvil support beam80 is engaged with cooperatingdetents86 ininner cavity15 ofbody portion12. Thereupon, anvil half-section11bis mated with cartridge half-section11a, and clampinghandle100 is disposed in the upright undamped position shown inFIG. 2B. Subsequently, when body tissue is disposed between the staple forming surface ofanvil plate90 andtissue contacting surface21 of cartridge22 (seeFIG. 5A), anvil half-section11bis pivoted towards cartridge half-section11a, about the detents inbody portion12, such that the distal ends of clampinghooks102aand102bare positioned immediately adjacent the proximal end of the base ofU-shaped clamping beam104. Concomitantly,flanges96aand96bengageapertures95aand95binanvil plate90 to ensure proper alignment of the anvil and the cartridge.
• Then, to securely clamp the captured body tissue, clampinghandle100 is pivoted from the position illustrated inFIG. 1A to that which is shown inFIG. 1B. At such a time, clamping hooks102aand102bengage the base of clampingbeam104, lockingsurgical stapling apparatus10 in a clamped condition. During clamping, the captured body tissue to exerts a counter-force against the tissue contacting surface ofcartridge22 and the fastener forming surface of theanvil plate90, urging the two structures apart. To overcome these forces and prevent theproximal portion82 ofanvil support beam80 from bending, bearing surfaces are defined withinretention channel14 to support the compressive forces generated during clamping. In particular, as illustrated inFIG. 4A, opposed bearingshelves110aand110bare stamp formed inopposed walls62 and64 ofretention channel14. The bearing shelves are positioned to abut the medial section ofanvil support beam80 proximate the clamping handle pivot point.
• It may also be desirable to provide a locking mechanism to prevent reactuation of the apparatus after it has been actuated. For example, a lockingmember120 shown inFIG. 11 can be positioned in retainingchannel114. Lockingmember120 is biased to an upward engagement position and each end extends through awindow141,143 inchannel114. A T-shapedmember124 is positioned betweencam wedges132,134 to bias thehook portion122 out of engagement withactuation channel144.Head portion126 of T-shaped member124 (FIG. 11A) is initially retained in the cartridge by a pair of detents in the cartridge which extend into the knife slot. When the apparatus is actuated,head portion126 of T-shapedmember124 is in the knife slot.Needle6 preferably is formed to have an angle of about 90° with respect to the bottom surface of actuation channel144 (FIG. 11). Further still, it is contemplated thatneedle6 could be disposed to each of the sides of the shank, as shown inFIG. 11B. Preferably,needle6 has a forked configuration with a pair oftines6a,6bwhere eachtine6a,6bis directed towards an opposing side ofshank35.
• A second pair of detents (not shown) at the distal end of the knife slot engageshead portion126 of T-shapedmember124 to hold it at the distal end ofcartridge122 whencam wedges132,134 are advanced to the distal position. Whenactuation channel144 is retracted from the post-actuated position to the pre-actuated position, T-shapedmember124 remains forward allowinghook portion122 to return to the upward position and extend through thewindow141 in retainingchannel114 to engage edge143 (seeFIGS. 12 and 13A) ofactuation channel144 to prevent advancement of the actuation channel.
• FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate movement of the lockingmember120 from an initial non-engaged position (FIG. 13A) out of engagement withactuation channel144 to an engaged position (FIG. 13B) in engagement withactuation channel144 to prevent distal movement thereof.
• Referring now toFIGS. 14-16, there is illustrated, in sequential order, a staple firing operation in which a plurality of staples are ejected fromcartridge22 and driven against the working or staple forming surface ofanvil plate90 whileknife blade36 cuts the tissue forming a knife cut line andneedle6 applies an adhesive into, on, or over the knife cut line, and, preferably also over one or more staple lines, especially where staple legs penetrate the tissue. In operation, prior to firingsurgical stapling apparatus10,actuation sled28 is in the proximal-most position shown inFIG. 14. At such a time,knife blade36 and the distal portion ofconduit8 are enclosed or protected inprotective housing25 formed adjacent the proximal end ofdisposable loading unit20.
• To fire the apparatus, firing knob50 (seeFIG. 2A) is moved in a distal direction. Accordingly, as illustrated inFIG. 15,actuation channel44drives actuation sled28 distally into and throughcartridge22. During its distal translation, the angled leading surfaces ofcam wedges32 and34 sequentiallycontact ejectors26, urging them in a direction transverse to the direction of movement ofactuation sled28. As a result,ejectors26push staples24 from theirindividual slots22a, driving each staple into a respectivestaple forming cup91 inanvil plate90.
• Sequential firing of the staples continues untilactuation sled28 is advanced to the distal end ofcartridge22, at which time, all of the staples once housed withincartridge22 will have been ejected (seeFIG. 16) and the knife cut line formed byknife blade36 and preferably adjacent or all worked portions of the tissue have been supplied with wound closure material by wound closurematerial applicator assembly2 including particularlyneedle6. Thereafter, firingknob50 is retracted to its original position, the cartridge and anvil sections are separated, and the spentdisposable loading unit20 is removed from retainingchannel14. Subsequently, a new, fully loadeddisposable loading unit20 can be positioned in retainingchannel14 such thatslot40 ofactuation sled28 engagesflange42 ofactuation channel44 to enable re-use ofsurgical stapling apparatus10. Further,reservoir4 may be replaced or refilled prior to re-use ofsurgical stapling apparatus10.
• With reference toFIG. 17 there is shown a side elevational view in cross-section ofsurgical stapling apparatus10 withactuation sled28 advanced to the distal end ofcartridge22 at the conclusion of a staple firing procedure and, in a variation of the embodiment, where dispensingneedle6 is shown located on the same side as and overknife blade36 for dispensing adhesive on and/or in front ofknife blade36 during the staple firing procedure.Needle6 inFIG. 17 can have orifices along its bottom surface to facilitate dispensing of wound closure material on, in front of, or nearknife blade36.
• Turning now toFIGS. 18A-18C, an alternative embodiment of a portion of a wound closure material applicator assembly, generally designated as100, is shown operatively connected toactuation sled28. Wound closurematerial applicator assembly100 includes aconduit108 for transmitting wound closure material “W” from reservoir4 (seeFIG. 2A) and aneedle106, having a substantially inverted “J-shape”, connected to a distal end ofconduit108.Needle106 includes ahook portion106aconfigured and dimensioned to hook overupstanding shank35 such that a distal end ofhook portion106aincludes an orifice that is oriented substantially downwardly. In an alternative embodiment,conduit108 can itself be adapted, e.g. with an orifice, to perform the function ofneedle106.
• Turning now toFIGS. 19A-19C, a further alternative embodiment of a portion of a wound closure material applicator assembly, generally designated as110, is shown operatively connected toactuation sled28. Woundclosure material applicator110 includes aconduit118 for transmitting wound closure material “W” from a source, e.g., reservoir4 (seeFIG. 2A), and aneedle116 connected to a distal end ofconduit118.Needle116 includes amanifold head portion116ahaving two substantially “U-shaped”tips116b,116cwith orifices (not shown).Head portion116ais preferably oriented such thattip116bhooks overupstanding shank35 ofactuation sled28 andtip116cextends laterally fromupstanding shank35 in a direction substantially opposite to tip116b. In this manner, wound closure material “W” can be dispensed on either side ofupstanding shank35.
• Turning now toFIGS. 20A-20C, a still further alternative embodiment of a portion of wound closure material applicator assembly, generally designated as120, is shown operatively connected toactuation sled28.Wound closure applicator120 includes aconduit128 for transmitting wound closure material “W” from reservoir4 (seeFIG. 2A) and aneedle126 fluidly connected to a distal end ofconduit128.Needle126 includes amanifold head126ahaving three “U-shaped”tips126b,126c, and126dwith orifices (not shown).Head portion126ais preferably oriented such thattips126b,126chook overupstanding shank35 ofactuation sled28, and tip126dextends laterally fromupstanding shank35 in a direction oppositetips126b,126c. In this manner, wound closure material “W” can be more widely dispersed on either side ofupstanding shank35. Alternatively,lip126ccan be extended to, or over, or beyond the distal edge ofknife blade36.
• While wound closure material applicators having single (FIGS. 1-18C), double (FIGS. 19A-19C) and triple (FIGS. 20A-20C) distribution tips are shown and described, it is understood and within the scope of the present disclosure that any number of distribution tips and configurations can be provided for distributing wound closure material “W” along the staple line and/or the knife cut line.
• While the distribution tips ofFIGS. 18A-20C, have been shown as being oriented in a substantially downward direction, it is envisioned that the distribution tips can be oriented in a proximal, distal downward or upward direction or any combination thereof.
• It is envisioned that eachconduit108,118 and128 shown herein can include at least one, preferably a plurality, ofapertures108a,118a, and128a, respectively, formed along a length thereof. Preferably,apertures108a,118a, and128aare formed along the upper side and along the lateral sides thereof. In this manner, when wound closure material “W” is urged throughconduits108,118, and128, a quantity of wound closure material “W” is dispensed fromapertures108a,118a,128aalong staple line and/or knife cut line.
• AlthoughFIGS. 18A-20C show a conduit disposed to the side ofshank35 ofactuation sled28, it is preferred that the conduit be disposed along the proximal or rear edge of the shank, sled, or like structure. The conduit and/or needle can be secured, connected to, or mounted permanently or removably on or to a sled, knife blade, or blade carrier structure in any suitable manner. Relative conduit and needle lengths and configurations can be modified to suit the application.
• In any or all of the embodiments, or combinations thereof disclosed herein, at least a portion of the conduit can have openings or orifices along its side surface and/or its top surface and/or, especially, along its bottom surface such that wound closure material can be dispensed directly into and about the knife cut line, for example, as the conduit connected, for example, toactuation sled28, with or without a needle, is moved axially along the cartridge and/or anvil.
• It is to be understood that if openings are provided in a conduit, depending on the wound closure material and use, the openings may have to be temporarily previously sealed until it is desired to dispense the wound closure material through the conduit. This would apply, e.g. if the wound closure material were in the conduit or the needle, or applicator, such that its orifice(s) would need to be sealed. The seal can be burst by the fluid pressure applied by compression ofreservoir4 or other suitable, e.g. hydraulic or pressurized, system.
• It is to be understood that the dispensing of wound closure material “W” can be as a fluid spray of any suitable volume, including a mist, applied temporarily, continuously, or continually. Particulate material, e.g. a fine powder is contemplated to be a fluid within the scope of this disclosure.
• It is provided that a number of different wound closure materials “W” can be dispensed by wound closurematerial applicator assembly2 or a combination of the number of different wound closure materials “W”. The wound closure material dispensed by wound closurematerial applicator assembly2 can, for example, be an astringent, such as a sulfate of aluminum, which causes small blood vessels to close and helps the blood to coagulate. It is provided that wound closure material “W” can be an astringent provided in the material commercially available under the trade designation No Nix Styptic Pencils from Requa™, Inc.
• Although the subject apparatus has been described with respect to preferred embodiments, it will be readily apparent, to those having ordinary skill in the art to which it appertains, that changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject apparatus.

Claims (11)

1-22. (canceled)

23. A surgical stapling apparatus for joining body tissue, comprising:

a staple anvil having a knife track;

a staple cartridge adjacent the staple anvil, the staple cartridge and staple anvil being juxtaposable with one another, the staple cartridge including a plurality of surgical staples, the staple cartridge having a knife slot;

a monolithic sled for ejecting the staples from the staple cartridge, the sled having a shank for supporting a knife blade;

a driving member for distally translating the sled;

a conduit having a plurality of apertures, the conduit being attached to the sled; and

a source of wound closure material communicating with the conduit.

24. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 23, wherein the staple cartridge defines at least two linear rows of staples on either side of the knife slot.

25. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 23, further comprising a distribution tip defining an orifice.

26. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 25, wherein the tip is arranged so that the orifice faces proximally.

27. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 23, wherein the conduit has a plurality of apertures defined along a side of the conduit.

28. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 23, wherein the source of wound closure material includes a first reservoir having a first component of the wound closure material, and a second reservoir having a second component of the wound closure material.

29. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 23, further comprising a second distribution tip.

30. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 23, further comprising a clamping handle, the clamping handle being movable to move the staple cartridge and staple anvil into a clamping position.

31. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 23, wherein the sled is removably attached to the driving member and contained in the staple cartridge, the staple cartridge being replaceable.

32. The surgical stapling apparatus according toclaim 23, wherein the source of wound closure material is selected from the group consisting of a syringe and a compressible reservoir.

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