US20120209197A1 - Infusion pump assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

An infusion pump assembly is disclosed. The infusion pump assembly includes a locking tab and a pump barrel inside a pump barrel housing, where the pump barrel accommodates a reservoir assembly. The reservoir assembly includes a reservoir and a plunger rod. The infusion pump assembly also includes a locking disc at a terminus of the pump barrel. The locking disc includes a clearance hole for the plunger rod. The locking disc also includes at least one locking tab notch in close proximity with the locking tab. The locking tab is in moveable engagement with the locking tab notch, and the reservoir moves the locking tab from a locked position to an unlocked position when the plunger rod is inserted through clearance hole. The locking disc rotates upon torque being applied to the reservoir assembly, the locking disc rotating from a non-loaded position to a loaded position with respect to the plunger rod and a drive screw.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/533,882, filed 21 Sep. 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/037,614, filed 4 Jan. 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,306,578, issued 11 Dec. 2007, the entire disclosures of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
• This disclosure relates to pump assemblies and, more particularly, to infusion pump assemblies.
BACKGROUND
• An infusion pump assembly may be used to infuse a fluid (e.g., a medication or nutrient) into a user. The fluid may be infused intravenously (i.e., into a vein), subcutaneously (i.e., into the skin), arterially (i.e., into an artery), and epidurally (i.e., into the epidural space).
• Infusion pump assemblies may administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive/unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff. For example, an infusion pump assembly may repeatedly administer small quantities of an infusible fluid (e.g., 0.1 mL per hour), while allowing the user to request one-time larger “bolus” doses.
SUMMARY OF DISCLOSURE
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an infusion pump assembly is disclosed. The infusion pump assembly includes a locking tab, and a pump barrel inside a pump barrel housing, where the pump barrel accommodates a reservoir assembly. The reservoir assembly includes a reservoir and a plunger rod. The infusion pump assembly also includes a locking disc at a terminus of the pump barrel. The locking disc includes a clearance hole for the plunger rod. The locking disc also includes at least one locking tab notch in close proximity with the locking tab. The locking tab is in moveable engagement with the locking tab notch, and the reservoir moves the locking tab from a locked position to an unlocked position when the plunger rod is inserted through clearance hole. The locking disc rotates upon torque being applied to the reservoir assembly, the locking disc rotating from a non-loaded position to a loaded position with respect to the plunger rod and a drive screw.
• Some embodiments of this aspect of the present invention may include one or more of the following features. The locking disc may further include a second locking tab notch, wherein the second locking tab notch is engaged with the locking tab when the locking disc is in the loaded position. The locking disc may further include a plunger rod support. The plunger rod support may be in close relation with the plunger rod when the plunger rod is inserted through the clearance hole. The locking disc may further include at least two reservoir tab openings for mating with at least two reservoir alignment tabs on the reservoir. The reservoir assembly may further include a locking hub. The locking hub may fluidly connected to the reservoir. The locking hub may further include at least two locking hub alignment tabs, the locking hub alignment tabs aligning with the reservoir alignment tabs when the locking hub is fluidly connected to the reservoir. The infusion pump assembly may further include a hub and battery end cap. The end cap may have an opening to the pump barrel. The pump barrel opening may be complementary to the locking hub alignment tabs wherein the loading of the reservoir assembly may provide alignment of the reservoir alignment tabs with the reservoir tab openings and the plunger rod with the clearance hole. The hub and battery end cap may further include a first alignment feature. The first alignment feature may be complementary to a second alignment feature on the reservoir. When the first and second alignment features are aligned, the locking hub alignment tabs may also be aligned with the hub and battery cap opening.
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a reservoir assembly is disclosed. The reservoir assembly includes a reservoir, the reservoir having an interior volume and terminating with a male feature on a first end. Also, the reservoir assembly includes a plunger rod, the plunger rod including a threaded portion and a notched portion. The assembly further includes a reservoir bottom, the reservoir bottom having a plunger rod opening, and at least two reservoir alignment tabs, wherein the plunger rod extends through the plunger rod opening.
• Some embodiments of this aspect of the present invention may include one or more of the following features. The reservoir assembly may further include an alignment feature on the reservoir. The alignment feature may allow aligning the reservoir assembly with an infusion pump assembly for loading the reservoir assembly into the infusion pump assembly. A removable filling aid may be included having a threaded portion and a handle portion. The threaded portion may thread to the threaded portion of the plunger rod.
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method of loading a reservoir assembly to a drive mechanism of an infusion pump assembly is disclosed. The method includes aligning locking tab alignment features of a reservoir and locking tab assembly with an alignment feature on a hub and battery end cap of the infusion pump assembly, applying pressure to the locking tab of the reservoir and locking tab assembly, and rotating the locking tab until the locking tab is flush with the infusion pump assembly. Rotating the locking tab loads the reservoir and locking hub assembly onto the drive mechanism of the infusion pump assembly.
• The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIGS. 1A-1B are front and back isometric views of an infusion pump assembly;
• FIGS. 1C-1E are side and front views of the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 1F is a front isometric view of the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 3A is a top-level view of an infusion pump according to one embodiment;
• FIG. 3B is an exploded view of a drive mechanism for the infusion pump ofFIG. 3A;
• FIG. 3C is an isometric views of one embodiment of a reservoir and locking hub assembly according to one embodiment;
• FIG. 3D is an exploded isometric view of a locking hub and a reservoir according to one embodiment;
• FIG. 3E is an isometric view of one embodiment of the reservoir assembly;
• FIG. 3F shows an embodiment of a pump barrel locking mechanism;
• FIG. 3G shows a magnified view according toFIG. 3F;
• FIGS.3HG-3I shows the relation of the drive screw to the plunger rod for the infusion pump ofFIG. 3A;
• FIG. 3J shows a connection from one embodiment of a reservoir to a tubing set;
• FIG. 3K illustrates another method of connecting one embodiment of a reservoir to a tubing set;
• FIG. 3L shows an adapter for using a small diameter reservoir with the pump assembly according to one embodiment;
• FIGS. 3M-N are on-axis views of the adapter ofFIG. 3L;
• FIG. 4A is an exploded view of one embodiment of the reservoir and locking hub assembly with portions of the loading and drive assembly of one embodiment of the infusion pump assembly;
• FIGS. 4B-4D are partial views of the loading of the reservoir assembly onto the drive assembly;
• FIGS. 4E-4F are top and bottom views of the hub and battery end cap according to one embodiment of the infusion pump apparatus;
• FIG. 4G-4I are bottom, side and top views, respectively, of one embodiment of the locking disc;
• FIGS. 4J-4L are isometric views of one embodiment of the locking disc;
• FIGS. 4M-4N are partial illustrative views of the loading of the reservoir assembly onto the drive assembly of one embodiment of the infusion pump apparatus;
• FIG. 5A is an isometric view of one embodiment of the plunger and plunger rod apparatus;
• FIG. 5B is an isometric view of one embodiments of the reservoir and locking hub assembly;
• FIG. 5C is an isometric view of the plunger and plunger rod apparatus according to the reservoir and locking hub assembly shown inFIG. 5B;
• FIGS. 5D-5E are isometric and cross sectional views, respectively, of the plunger seal apparatus according to one embodiment;
• FIG. 5F is a cross sectional cut-off view of the assembled plunger apparatus ofFIG. 5C;
• FIG. 5G-5P are various embodiments of the plunger seal apparatus;
• FIGS. 6A-6B are views of one embodiment of the filling aid apparatus;
• FIGS. 6C-6D are isometric views of the filling aid apparatus ofFIGS. 6A-6B together with a plunger rod, both attached to the plunger rod and detached from the plunger rod, respectively;
• FIGS. 6E-6F are isometric views of one embodiment of the filling aid apparatus together with a plunger rod, both attached to the plunger rod and detached from the plunger rod, respectively;
• FIGS. 6G-6I are isometric views of alternate embodiments of the filling aid together with a plunger rod;
• FIGS. 7A-7B are isometric views of various portions of one embodiment of the infusion pump assembly;
• FIGS. 7C-7D are isometric views of the reservoir assembly together with the drive screw and the strain gauge according to one embodiment of the infusion pump apparatus;
• FIG. 7E is an magnified isometric view of a plunger rod together with an optical displacement sensor according to one embodiment of the infusion pump apparatus;
• FIGS. 8A-8D are various alternate embodiments of the reservoir assembly;
• FIGS. 9A-9B are cross-sectional views of a medium connector assembly included within the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIGS. 9C-9D are cross-sectional views of a medium connector assembly included within the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIGS. 9E-9F are cross-sectional views of a medium connector assembly included within the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIGS. 9G-H are cross-sectional views of a medium connector assembly included within the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIGS. 9I-J are cross-sectional views of a medium connector assembly included within the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIGS. 10A is an isometric view of a removable cover assembly for use with the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 10B is an alternative isometric view of the removable cover assembly ofFIG. 10A;
• FIG. 10C is a cross-sectional view of the removable cover assembly ofFIG. 10A;
• FIG. 11 is an alternative isometric view of the removable cover assembly ofFIG. 10A;
• FIG. 12A-12D are isometric views of an alternative embodiment of the removable cover assembly ofFIG. 4;
• FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic view of the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a process executed by the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a process executed by the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 16 is a timeline illustrative of a plurality of discrete infusion events;
• FIG. 17 is a more detailed view of two discrete infusion events included withinFIG. 16.
• FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic view of a storage array included within the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a process executed by the infusion pump assembly ofFIG. 1; and
• FIG. 20 is an illustrative view of one embodiment of a remote control assembly.
• Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Referring toFIGS. 1A-1F, there is shown aninfusion pump assembly100 that may be housed withinenclosure assembly102.Infusion pump assembly100 may includedisplay system104 that may be visible throughenclosure assembly102. One or more switch assemblies/input devices106,108,110 may be positioned about various portions ofenclosure assembly102.Enclosure assembly102 may includeinfusion port assembly112 to whichcannula assembly114 may be releasably coupled.Removable cover assembly116 may allow access to power supply cavity118 (shown in phantom onFIG. 2).
• Referring toFIG. 2, there is shown a diagrammatic view ofinfusion pump assembly100.Infusion pump assembly100 may be configured to deliverinfusible fluid200 touser202.Infusible fluid200 may be delivered intravenously (i.e., into a vein), subcutaneously (i.e., into the skin), arterially (i.e., into an artery), and epidurally (i.e., into the epidural space). Examples ofinfusible fluid200 may include but are not limited to insulin, nutrients, saline solution, antibiotics, analgesics, anesthetics, hormones, vasoactive drugs, and chelation drugs, and any other therapeutic fluids
• Infusion pump assembly100 may includeprocessing logic204 that executes one or more processes that may be required forinfusion pump assembly100 to operate properly.Processing logic204 may include one or more microprocessors (not shown), one or more input/output controllers (not shown), and cache memory devices (not shown). One or more data buses and/or memory buses may be used to interconnectprocessing logic204 with one or more subsystems.
• Examples of the subsystems interconnected withprocessing logic204 may include but are not limited tomemory system206,input system208,display system104,vibration system210,audio system212,motor assembly214,force sensor216, anddisplacement detection device218.Infusion pump assembly100 may include primary power supply220 (e.g. a battery) configured to be removable installable withinpower supply cavity118 and to provide electrical power to at least a portion ofprocessing logic204 and one or more of the subsystems (e.g.,memory system206,input system208,display system104,vibration system210,audio system212,motor assembly214,force sensor216, and displacement detection device218).
• Infusion pump assembly100 may includereservoir assembly222 configured to containinfusible fluid200. In some embodiments,reservoir assembly222 may be a reservoir assembly similar to that described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2004-0135078-A1, published Jul. 15, 2004, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. In other embodiments, the reservoir assembly may be any assembly in which fluid may be acted upon such that at least a portion of the fluid may flow out of the reservoir assembly, for example, the reservoir assembly, in various embodiments, may include but is not limited to: a barrel with a plunger, a cassette or a container at least partially constructed of a flexible membrane.
• Plunger assembly224 may be configured to displaceinfusible fluid200 fromreservoir assembly222 through cannula assembly114 (which may be coupled toinfusion pump assembly100 via infusion port assembly112) so thatinfusible fluid200 may be delivered touser202. In this particular embodiment,plunger assembly224 is shown to be displaceable bypartial nut assembly226, which may engagelead screw assembly228 that may be rotatable bymotor assembly214 in response to signals received from processinglogic204. In this particular embodiment, the combination ofmotor assembly214,plunger assembly224,partial nut assembly226, and leadscrew assembly228 may form a pump assembly that effectuates the dispensing ofinfusible fluid200 contained withinreservoir assembly222. An example ofpartial nut assembly226 may include but is not limited to a nut assembly that is configured to wrap aroundlead screw assembly228 by e.g., 30 degrees. In some embodiments, the pump assembly may be similar to one described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,306,578, issued Dec. 11, 2007, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• During operation ofinfusion pump assembly100,infusible fluid200 may be delivered touser202 in accordance with e.g. a defined delivery schedule. For illustrative purposes only, assume thatinfusion pump assembly100 is configured to provide 0.00025 mL ofinfusible fluid200 touser202 every three minutes. Accordingly, every three minutes,processing logic204 may provide the appropriate drive signals tomotor assembly214 to allow motor assembly30 to rotatelead screw assembly228 the appropriate amount so that partial nut assembly226 (and therefore plunger assembly224) may be displaced the appropriate amount in the direction ofarrow230 so that 0.00025 mL ofinfusible fluid200 are provided to user202 (via cannula114). It should be understood that the volume ofinfusible fluid200 that may be provided touser202 may vary based upon, at least in part, the nature of the infusible fluid (e.g., the type of fluid, concentration, etc.), use parameters (e.g., treatment type, dosage, etc.). As such the foregoing illustrative example should not be construed as a limitation of the present disclosure.
• Force sensor216 may be configured to provideprocessing logic204 with data concerning the force required to driveplunger assembly224 intoreservoir assembly222.Force sensor216 may include one or more strain gauges and/or pressure sensing gauges and may be positioned betweenmotor assembly214 and an immovable object (e.g. bracket assembly232) included withininfusion pump assembly100.
• In one embodiment,force sensor216 includes four strain gauges (not shown), such that: two of the four strain gauges are configured to be compressed when drivingplunger222 intoreservoir assembly222; and two of the four strain gauges are configured to be stretched when drivingplunger222 intoreservoir assembly222. The four strain gauges (not shown) may be connected to a Wheatstone Bridge (not shown) that produces an analog force signal (not shown) that is a function of the pressure sensed byforce sensor216. The analog force signal (not shown) produced byforce sensor216 may be provided to an analog-to-digital converter (not shown) that may convert the analog force signal (not shown) into a digital force signal (not shown) that may be provided toprocessing logic204. An amplifier assembly (not shown) may be positioned prior to the above-described analog-to-digital converter and may be configured to amplify the output of e.g.,force sensor216 to a level sufficient to be processed by the above-described analog-to-digital converter.
• Motor assembly214 may be configured as e.g., a brush-type DC electric motor. Further,motor assembly214 may include a reduction gear assembly (not shown) that e.g. requiresmotor assembly214 to rotate three-thousand revolutions for each revolution oflead screw assembly228, thus increasing the torque and resolution ofmotor assembly214 by a factor of three-thousand.
• FIG. 3A is an overall view of an infusion pump according to one embodiment. Apump assembly300 contains the components needed to cause areservoir assembly302 to deliver medication or any liquid to a user. Thereservoir assembly302 may contain enough liquid, e.g., medication, such as, but not limited to, insulin, for several days for a typical user. A tubing set304, connected to thereservoir assembly302, includes a cannula (not shown) through which the medication is delivered to the user.
• Referring also toFIG. 3B, an exploded view of one embodiment of the drive mechanism of the infusion pump is shown.Reservoir assembly302 may includereservoir306,plunger308 andplunger rod310.Reservoir306 may contain the medication for delivery to the user and is of variable interior volume. The interior volume may be the liquid capacity ofreservoir306.Plunger308, may be inserted into the bottom of thereservoir306, and may cause the volume ofreservoir306 to change asplunger308 is displaced along the longitudinal axis ofreservoir306.Plunger rod310 may be connected toplunger308 with the plunger rod's longitudinal axis displaced from and parallel to the longitudinal axis ofreservoir306.Plunger rod310 may be threaded for at least a portion of plunger rod's310 length. As shown in this embodiment,cylindrical pump barrel312 receivesreservoir assembly302.Pump barrel312 may constrainplunger rod310, orientingplunger rod310 along the longitudinal axis ofpump barrel312.Pump barrel312 may be contained inpump assembly300 and, in some embodiments, may contain lockingtab317, which may prevent rotation ofpump barrel312 with respect to pumpassembly300.Gear box316 inpump assembly300 may includedrive screw314 along with motor and gears to turndrive screw314.Drive screw314 may be threaded and the screw's longitudinal axis may be aligned parallel to and may be displaced from the longitudinal axis ofpump barrel312. Lockinghub318 may be attached to the top ofreservoir306.
• Referring now toFIGS. 3C-3D, one embodiment ofreservoir assembly302 together with lockinghub318 is shown.Reservoir306 may be sized to accommodate any volume desired. In the exemplary embodiment,reservoir306 may accommodate a volume of 2.5 ml, however, in various other embodiments,reservoir306 may be sized to accommodate a smaller or larger volume. As discussed above,reservoir306 volume may change as the plunger is displaced along the longitudinal axis ofreservoir306. In the exemplary embodiments, lockinghub318 may be connected to tubing set (not shown, an embodiment of the tubing set is shown inFIG. 3A as304) such that the liquid in the reservoir may flow through the locking hub to the tubing. In some embodiments, such as the exemplary embodiment shown,reservoir306 may also includereservoir alignment tabs307 andreservoir bottom305.
• Still referring toFIGS. 3C-3D,plunger rod310, in the exemplary embodiment, may include a threadedportion320 and a notchedportion322. The threaded portion may thread to drivescrew314. Notchedportion322 may be used, in the exemplary embodiment, to encode information relating toreservoir assembly302, including but not limited to the information, the methods and devices described in U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2004/0135078 A1, published on Jul. 15, 2004 and entitled Optical Displacement Sensor for Infusion Devices, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• Referring also toFIG. 3D, the exemplary embodiment of lockinghub310 and matingmale portion324 ofreservoir306 are shown.Reservoir306 is shown withoutreservoir bottom305, which is shown inFIG. 3C. The tapered luer connection is described in more detail below. As shown inFIG. 3D, lockinghub310 may include afemale part329 as well astab326, whilereservoir306 may include amale part324 as well asslot328.Male part324 andfemale part329 may mate to form a luer connection.Tab326 andslot328 may lock together when mated and turned, one part relative to its mating part, such thattab326 may slide into theslot328.
• Referring now toFIGS. 3E, another embodiment ofreservoir assembly330 is shown. In this embodiment,hub portion332 andreservoir portion334 are connected, and in one embodiment, are molded as a single part.
• Referring also toFIG. 3F, a pump barrel locking mechanism for an embodiment of the device is shown. Thepump barrel312 includes a clearance hole (not shown, shown inFIG. 3H as340) that guides theplunger rod310 during insertion of thereservoir assembly302 into thepump barrel312. To ensure that thedrive screw314 does not interfere with theplunger rod310 during insertion of thereservoir assembly302, thepump barrel312 maintains a fixed position relative to thepump assembly300. The position of thepump barrel312 relative to thepump assembly300 may be maintained, for example, by alocking tab317 included in thepump barrel312 that engages a pump barrel stop342 in thepump assembly300. Thelocking hub318 may include aflange338 which dislodges thelocking tab340 from the pump barrel stop342 when thelocking hub318 turns, allowing thelocking hub318 to rotate thepump barrel312.
• Referring also toFIGS. 3G-3H, these FIGS show views along the longitudinal axis of thepump barrel312 showing the relation of thedrive screw314 to the plunger rod in a loading position and in an engaged position, respectively. Thereservoir assembly302 is positioned for loading so that theplunger rod310 does not contact thedrive screw314, as shown inFIG. 3G. With thepump barrel312 positioned appropriately with respect to thepump assembly300, theplunger rod310 clearance from thedrive screw314 is determined by the placement of theclearance hole340 in thepump barrel312 base, which hole340 receives and guides theplunger rod310. Theclearance hole340 may be tapered to ease insertion of theplunger rod310. Thedrive screw314 fits in aclearance hole340 in thepump barrel312. Once thereservoir assembly302 is inserted into thepump assembly300, thepump barrel312 is rotated by the lockinghub318, causing theplunger rod310 to turn and to engage thedrive screw314, as shown inFIG. 3H. This embodiment advantageously simplifies reservoir loading.
• In some embodiments, the plunger rod threads and the drive screw threads are buttress threads. These embodiments may be advantageous in that they eliminate reaction forces on the plunger rod normal to the direction of the rod's longitudinal axis. Such reaction forces may cause the rod to deflect and skip a thread on the drive screw, resulting in under delivery of medication to the user. Buttress threads eliminate the normal component of the reaction force.
• Referring also toFIG. 3I, in some embodiments, thelocking hub318 may be connected to thereservoir306 by a tapered luer connection. Thereservoir306 has a male luer taper integrally molded into the reservoir's top344. Surrounding the male luer is an annulus with an internal female thread. Similarly, thelocking hub318 contains the mating female luer and threaded male connection.
• In another embodiment, a needle connection is provided betweenreservoir306 and lockinghub318. As shown inFIG. 3J, the reservoir includes arubber septum346 that is attached to the reservoir with a crimped metal collar. Aneedle348, integral to the hub, pierces the septum and fluid can then flow from the reservoir to the tubing set.
• In other embodiments, as shown inFIG. 3K, anadapter350 is provided to permit areservoir352 whose diameter is substantially smaller than the diameter of a pump barrel to be used with thepump assembly300. Theadapter350 may be a separate component or may be integrated into thelocking hub354. Thelocking hub354, in some embodiments, may be one of the embodiments described herein, and sized accordingly. Theadapter350 aligns and offsets the reservoir's352 axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pump barrel so that theplunger rod356, when rotated, mates with the drive screw (not shown).FIGS. 3L-3M show an on-axis view of thesmall diameter reservoir352 when placed in theadapter350. As will be apparent, the offset provided by the adapter allows theplunger rod356, when mated with theplunger308 andreservoir352, to engage thedrive screw314 in a similar fashion as for the first embodiment, described above.
• Referring now toFIG. 4A, another embodiment of the drive mechanism for an infusion pump is shown. As shown in this embodiment, acylindrical pump barrel312, shown here inside apump barrel housing360, receives thereservoir assembly302. Thepump barrel312 terminates with alocking disc400. Thepump barrel312 constrains theplunger rod310, orienting theplunger rod310 along the longitudinal axis of thepump barrel312. Thepump barrel312 is contained in thepump barrel housing360, which is contained in thepump assembly300. Thelocking disc400, in the exemplary embodiment, contacts a locking tab (shown inFIG. 4B as402), which is in thepump gear box364. Thelocking tab402 prevents rotation of thelocking disc400 with respect to thepump assembly300. However, in some embodiments, thelocking disc400 may not include alocking tab402. Agear box364 in thepump assembly300 includes adrive screw314 along with motor and gears to turn thedrive screw314, and, as discussed above, in some embodiments, alocking tab402 for locking thelocking disc400. Thedrive screw314 is threaded and the screw's longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to and displaced from the longitudinal axis of thepump barrel312. A lockinghub318 is attached to the top of thereservoir306.
• Still referring toFIG. 4A, in the embodiment shown, theplunger rod310 is connected to theplunger308. In the exemplary embodiment, theplunger rod310 andplunger308 are a single molded part. O-rings366 fit over theplunger308. However, in some embodiments, the0-rings may be molded into theplunger308.
• Referring back toFIGS. 3C-3D, thelocking hub318 additionally includes lockinghub alignment tabs325. As shown inFIG. 3C, once the lockinghub318 andreservoir306 are mated, the lockinghub alignment tabs325 and thereservoir alignment tabs307 are aligned with one another. Referring also toFIGS. 4E-4F, thepump assembly300 includes a hub andbattery end cap404. The hub section of the hub andbattery end cap404 includes complementary opening for thelocking hub318, including the lockinghub alignment tabs325.
• Thus, once thereservoir assembly302 is mated with thelocking hub318, to load the reservoir into thepump barrel312, the reservoir must be oriented correctly with respect to the lockinghub alignment tabs325 and the complementary opening in the hub andbattery end cap404. Thereservoir alignment tabs307 will thus also be aligned with the lockinghub alignment tabs325.
• Referring now also toFIGS. 4G-4L thelocking disc400 is shown. Thelocking disc400 includes aclearance hole340, which, in the exemplary embodiment is tapered for easy insertion, but in some embodiments, is not tapered. Additionally, thereservoir tab openings406,plunger rod support412 and first and secondlocking tab notches408,410 are shown. As discussed above, thereservoir alignment tabs307 are aligned with the lockinghub alignment tabs325. The orientation assured by the hub andbattery end cap404 assures that theplunger rod310 will be in the correct orientation to fit through theclearance hole340, thereservoir alignment tabs307 will mate with thereservoir tab opening406, and thereservoir bottom305 displaces thelocking tab402.
• In some embodiments, thelocking disc400 may include only a firstlocking tab notch408, or, in some embodiments, may not include any locking tab notches. Thelocking tab notches408,410 maintain the orientation of thelocking disc400 for ease of loading the reservoir and locking hub assembly. Also, the secondlocking tab notch408 contributes to maintaining theplunger rod310 and drivescrew314 relationship. Additionally, although thereservoir tab openings406 are included in the exemplary embodiment of thelocking disc400, some embodiments of thelocking disc400 do not includereservoir tab openings406. In these embodiments, the reservoir does not include reservoir alignment tabs307 (shown inFIGS. 3C-3D).
• In the exemplary embodiment, thereservoir tab openings406, together with thereservoir alignment tabs307, aid in the rotation of thelocking disc400. When loading the reservoir and locking hub assembly into thepump assembly300, the user, having aligned the reservoir and locking hub assembly with the hub andbattery cap404, drops the reservoir and locking hub assembly into thepump barrel312 and applies a slight pressure to thelocking hub318. The user then applies torque to thelocking hub318 to complete the loading process. Where thelocking disc400 includes thereservoir tab openings406 and the reservoir includes thereservoir alignment tabs307, as in the exemplary embodiment, the torque applied to the locking hub is transmitted from thereservoir alignment tabs307 to thelocking disc400 rather than from the lockinghub318 to theplunger rod310. Thus, in the exemplary embodiment, thereservoir alignment tabs307 together with thereservoir tab openings406 work together to take up the torque applied to the reservoir and locking hub assembly which contributes to maintaining the integrity of theplunger rod310 while also ensuring proper engagement of theplunger rod310 onto thedrive screw314.
• Referring also toFIG. 4B, bottom view of thelocking disc400 is shown with thelocking tab402 engaged with one of thelocking tab notches408. Theclearance hole340 is shown empty of the plunger rod. Thus, thelocking disc400 is shown in the locked, non-loaded position. Thedrive screw314 is shown and theplunger rod support412 is also shown. Referring now also toFIG. 4C, theplunger rod310 is shown having fit through theclearance hole340. Thereservoir alignment tabs307 are shown having mated with thereservoir tab openings406, and thelocking tab402 is deflected from thelocking tab notch408.
• Theplunger rod support412 is shown along part of theplunger rod310. Theplunger rod support412 contributes to maintaining the integrity of the relationship of theplunger rod310 and thedrive screw314 such that thedrive screw314 of theplunger rod310 maintain connection and theplunger rod310 is not deflected.
• Referring now also toFIG. 4D, thelocking disc400 is shown after rotation and reservoir loading is complete, i.e., in the loaded position. Theplunger rod310 is engaged to thedrive screw314. The secondlocking tab notch410 is now engaged with thelocking tab402. Thus, thelocking disc400 is locked from continuing further rotation.
• Referring also toFIGS. 4M-4N, a sequential illustration of the loading of the reservoir and engagement of thedrive screw314 to theplunger rod310 is shown. As theplunger rod310 fits through the clearance hole, thereservoir306 disengages thelocking tab402 from the firstlocking tab notch408. The reservoir alignment tab307 (the other tab is obscured) mates with thereservoir tab opening406. As shown inFIG. 4N, theplunger rod310 is engaged with thedrive screw314. Thelocking tab402 is being engaged with the secondlocking tab notch410.
• In the exemplary embodiment, loading the reservoir into the pump barrel and engaging the plunger rod to the drive screw includes two steps. First, aligning the locking hub alignment tabs with the hub and battery end cap and dropping the reservoir and locking hub assembly into the pump barrel (the plunger rod being inherently aligned with the clearance hole of the locking disc). Second, rotating the locking hub until rotation stops, i.e., the locking tab has engaged with the second locking tab notch. In the exemplary embodiment, and referring again toFIG. 4F, the hub andbattery end cap404 may include anloading alignment feature420, and the reservoir may also include a marking or other alignment feature, aligning the marking on the reservoir with theloading alignment feature420 assures the reservoir assembly is aligned for dropping the reservoir and locking hub assembly into the pump barrel and completion of the loading steps. In the exemplary embodiment, theloading alignment feature420 is a notch molded into the plastic of the hub andbattery end cap404. However, in other embodiments, theloading alignment feature420 may be a bump, raised dimple, notch of a different shape, or a painted marking, i.e., any feature that may be utilized by the user in loading the reservoir and locking hub assembly. The complementary feature on the reservoir may be any marking, for example, a painted marking with an indication of the direction of loading, e.g., “pump→”, “→”, or, in some embodiments, a simple vertical line of any length, a dot or other symbol that may be utilized by the user in loading the reservoir and locking hub assembly. In these embodiments, these alignment features further simplify the method of loading the reservoir and locking hub assembly into the pump assembly.
• Referring again toFIG. 1C, the hub and battery end cap is shown populated with alocking hub108 and abattery cap110. In this embodiment of the pump assembly, thelocking hub108 sits flush with the pump assembly. Thus, when loading of the reservoir, once the locking hub has been rotated such that the locking hub is flush with the pump assembly body, loading is complete. Thus, reservoir loading is advantageously simplified in that the alignment features assure that the reservoir, when dropped into the pump barrel, the plunger rod and reservoir alignment tabs are aligned with the locking disc and, the rotation of the locking hub until the locking hub is flush with the pump assembly assures that reservoir loaded and the plunger rod is threaded to the drive screw.
• Referring now toFIG. 5A, a view of the exemplary embodiment of theplunger rod310 andplunger308 is shown. Theplunger308 includes two O-rings366. In some embodiments, the O-rings366 andplunger308 may be one piece and may be made from a material that provides ample sealing properties.
• Referring now toFIGS. 5B-5C, another embodiment of thereservoir assembly502, together with thelocking hub318, is shown. In this embodiment, theplunger seal506 is designed to function as a double o-ring plunger, however, is molded as a single part. Theplunger seal506 fits over theplunger504, which, in some embodiments, is made from plastic, and in some embodiments, is made from the same plastic as theplunger rod310. Theplunger cap508 fits over theplunger seal506. Thereservoir306 andreservoir bottom305, in some embodiments, may be as described in the above described embodiments. Referring also toFIGS. 5D-5E, theplunger seal506 is shown. As shown, the top ring-like feature of the seal is thicker than the bottom ring-like feature. However, in other embodiments, the bottom ring-like feature may be the thicker ring-like feature, and in some embodiments, both ring-like features may be the same thickness. Referring also toFIG. 5F, a cross section of the assembled plunger of the embodiments shown inFIGS. 5B-5E is shown. Theplunger seal506 fits around theplunger504 and theplunger cap504 snaps over theplunger seal506. Referring now toFIGS. 5G-5P, various embodiments of theplunger seal506 described above are shown.
• As described above, the plunger rod is connected to the plunger, and is part of the reservoir assembly. The reservoir, as discussed above, functions to hold a volume of liquid for delivery by the infusion pump assembly. Filling the reservoir with a liquid, e.g. insulin, prior to leading the reservoir assembly into the pump assembly is preferred. Thus, in practice, a user loads the reservoir with insulin (or another liquid as discussed herein), attached the locking hub (in the exemplary embodiments, although, as discussed above, in some embodiments, the locking hub may be integrated with the reservoir) and loads the reservoir assembly with locking hub into the pump assembly.
• In the exemplary embodiments, the plunger rod is designed, as shown herein, to engage with the drive screw and be driven by the drive screw. Thus, it may be difficult for some users to load the reservoir from a vial of insulin as the plunger rod is designed for drive screw engagement, not necessarily for human finger engagement. Thus, in some embodiments, a filling aid may be desirable.
• Referring now toFIGS. 6A-6D, an exemplary embodiment of thereservoir filling aid600 is shown. In this embodiment, the fillingaid600 is designed to engage with the threaded portion of theplunger rod310 as described above, i.e., the filling aid includes amating thread portion602. The fillingaid600 slides onto theplunger rod310, and as themating thread portion602 engages with theplunger rod threads320, the fillingaid600 is securely fastened to theplunger rod310. Thehandle604, in the exemplary embodiment, is shaped to accommodate user's fingers and serves as pull. In practice, the user loads the reservoir by pulling back on thehandle604. Once the user has filled the reservoir, the fillingaid600 may be easily removed from the plunger rod by moving the fillingaid600 such that the threads disengage with the plunger rod threads. The fillingaid600, in the exemplary embodiment, is designed to have tolerances such that the plunger rod threads are not damaged during the filling process. In various embodiments, the filling aid may be different shapes, for example, larger, or the handle may be shaped differently, to accommodate those users with arthritis or other ailments that may prevent them from easily utilizing the filling aid as shown. An alternate embodiment is shown inFIGS. 6E-6F. In the exemplary embodiment, the fillingaid600 is made from plastic, however, in other embodiments, the fillingaid600 may be made from any materials, including but not limited to, stainless steel or aluminum.
• Referring now toFIGS. 6G-61, in some embodiments, the fillingaid606 may be connected to the plunger rod301 by way of aplastic piece608. In these embodiments, theplastic piece608 is manufactured such that the fillingaid606 may be removed from theplunger rod310 by bending the plastic piece, i.e., the fillingaid606 snaps off theplunger rod310. Although the fillingaid606 in these FIGS. is shown having a particular shape, in other embodiments, the shape may be any of the other filling aid embodiments shown herein, or others that may be designed as discussed above. In some of the “snap-off” embodiments of the filling aid, the fillingaid606 andplastic piece608 may be molded with theplunger rod310.
• Referring now toFIGS. 7A-7B, thepump assembly100 is shown. Referring toFIGS. 1A-1B, thepump assembly100 includes a housing, which, in the exemplary embodiment, is made from an aluminum portion, plastic portions, and rubber portions. However, in various embodiments, the materials and the portions vary, and include but are not limited to, rubber, aluminum, plastic, stainless steel, and any other suitable materials. In the exemplary embodiment, the back of the housing, shown inFIG. 1B, includes a contour.
• Referring now toFIGS. 7A-7B, portions of the housing has been removed. The switch assemblies/input devices and the user interface screen have been removed. Thepump barrel312 is shown with areservoir306 inside. Thebattery compartment706 is shown inFIG. 7A, and thepump assembly100 is shown without thebattery compartment706 isFIG. 7B. Various features of thebattery compartment706 are described herein. Thegear box364 is shown assembled with thepump housing360 in thepump assembly100. The hub andbattery end cap404 is shown assembled on thepump assembly100
• Referring now toFIGS. 7C-7D, areservoir assembly312 is shown engaged to thedrive screw314 and in contact with thestrain gauge708. As described in more detail herein, thestrain gauge708 is in contact with thedrive screw314. The pressure measurements of thestrain gauge708 are taken by anelectrical contact710. Thestrain gauge708 measures the pressure exerted by thedrive screw314. Although the methods for sensing an occlusion are described in more detail herein, where thedrive screw314 is unable to drive theplunger rod310 further into the reservoir, thedrive screw314 will exert pressure onto thestrain gauge708.
• Referring now toFIG. 7E, an embodiment of an optical sensor is shown. The optical sensor, as described above and in more detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2004/0135078 A1, published on Jul. 15, 2004 and entitled Optical Displacement Sensor for Infusion Devices, as used in some embodiments of the infusion pump apparatus, is a sensor used to determine whether theplunger rod310 has moved and/or advanced and additionally, may also determine whether theplunger rod310 has moved and/or advanced the intended distance. Thus, in the infusion pump system and apparatus described herein, the pump apparatus, using the occlusion detection methods and devices, can determine if the drive screw is unable to advance, and also, can determine if the plunger rod has moved and the distance in which it has moved.
• Referring now toFIGS. 8A-8D, alternate embodiments of the reservoir assembly are shown. Although the embodiments discussed and described above may be used in a pumping assembly, and in some embodiments, are used in the pumping assemblies shown and described herein, in other embodiments, the pumping assembly shape and size may vary from the ones shown herein. For example, the pump assembly may be round or smaller in shape. Therefore, it may be beneficial for the reservoir assembly to accommodate the smaller or rounded shape without having to sacrifice total volume. Exemplary embodiments of these alternate embodiment reservoir assemblies are shown inFIGS. 8A-8C. However, it should be understood these are by example only. Depending on the size and shape of the pump assembly, the alternate embodiment reservoir assembly may be larger, smaller, or include a larger or smaller angle.
• Referring now toFIG. 8A, acurved reservoir assembly800 is shown. In the various embodiments, the angle indicated may have a value of greater than or less than 180 degrees. In one exemplary embodiment, thereservoir assembly800 may have an angle of 150 degrees. In some embodiments, thereservoir assembly800 may form a helical shape. In other embodiments, thereservoir assembly800 may be any shape desired, including having one or more portions rounded or curved, and/or one or more portions straight or approaching straight.
• Referring now toFIGS. 8B-8D, another embodiment of the alternate embodiment reservoir assembly is shown. In this embodiment, thereservoir802 andplunger804 assembly is shown as having a round or approaching round shape. Thereservoir802, in some embodiments, and as shown inFIGS. 8B-8D, may be a channel in ahousing806. Thereservoir802 may be cylindrical, and theends808,810 of theplunger804 may be circular, however, theplunger804 may be flat804 as shown. In various embodiments, theplunger804 may be advanced by applying pressure to theend808 of theplunger804 by a mechanical feature (not shown), which, in some embodiments, may be located in thecenter812 of thehousing806, or in other embodiments, elsewhere in the pump assembly within engageable proximity to theplunger804. In some embodiments, thereservoir802 may be filled withliquid using inlet814.
• As discussed above,enclosure assembly102 may includeinfusion port assembly112 to whichcannula assembly114 may be releasably coupled. A portion ofinfusion port assembly112 and a portion ofcannula assembly114 may form a medium connector assembly for releasably couplinginfusion port assembly112 tocannula assembly114 and effectuating the delivery ofinfusible fluid200 touser202.
• Referring toFIG. 9A, there is shown one exemplary embodiment of amedium connector assembly900 for connecting medium carrying components (not shown) and allowing the flow of medium therebetween. Examples of medium carrying components may include, but are not limited to, a delivery catheter and an insulin delivery pump, a fluid supply (such as an intravenous fluid supply bag, a dialysate supply, etc.) and a pump supply catheter, or the like.Connector assembly900 may includemedium connector902 associated with a first medium carrying component (not shown) andmating connector904 associated with a second medium carrying component.
• Medium connector902 may includepassage906 to allow for the flow of medium. The medium flowing between the medium carrying components, e.g., viapassage906, may include liquids (e.g., insulin, dialysate, saline solution, or the like), gases (e.g., air, oxygen, nitrogen, or the like), suspensions, or the like. Further,medium connector902 may includemulti-portion engagement surface908, generally, positioned aboutpassage906.Multi-portion engagement surface908 may includefirst surface portion910, andsecond surface portion912.
• As will be discussed below in greater detail,first surface portion910 ofmulti-portion engagement surface908 may be configured to provide an interference fit with corresponding sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904. Further,second surface portion912 ofmulti-portion engagement surface908 may be configured to provide a clearance fit with corresponding sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904. The ratio offirst surface portion910 andsecond surface portion912 may be selected to regulate an engagement for betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904.
• For example, corresponding sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904 may include a tapered surface, e.g., which may include a 6% taper (e.g., approximately 3.4 degree included taper) of a standard Luer taper connector (e.g., as defined by the ISO 594 standard). Of course, corresponding sealingsurface914 may include tapers other than a 6% Luer taper.Multi-portion engagement surface908 may similarly include a tapered surface, in whichfirst surface portion910 may have a first taper angle, andsecond surface portion912 may have a second taper angle that is less than the first taper angle. In one particular embodiment, the second taper angle may approach zero, such thatsecond surface portion912 may be generally cylindrical (e.g., may include a slight taper, such as a draft angle to facilitate manufacture). Of course,second surface portion912 may include other, non-cylindrical, taper angles.
• Continuing with the above-stated example,first surface portion910 ofmulti-portion engagement surface908 may include a first taper angle corresponding to the angle of corresponding sealingsurface914 of mating connector904 (e.g., a 6% taper). As shown inFIG. 9B, the corresponding taper offirst surface portion910 may provide an interference fit with corresponding sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904. As also shown, the second taper angle ofsecond surface portion912 may provide a clearance fit with corresponding sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904, e.g., which may result in at leastpartial clearance916 betweensecond surface portion912 andcorresponding sealing surface914.
• The contact surface area ofmedium connector902 andmating connector904 may remain generally constant oncefirst surface portion910 has engaged correspondingsealing surface914. For example, asfirst surface portion910 may be configured to provide an interference fit with corresponding sealingsurface914, whilesecond surface portion912 ofmulti-portion engagement surface908 may be configured to provide a clearance fit with corresponding sealingsurface914, onlyfirst surface portion910 may engage corresponding sealingsurface914.
• Oncefirst surface portion910 engages corresponding sealingsurface914, further insertion ofmedium connector902 relative tomating connector904 may be attributable to the elastic and/or plastic deformation force ofmedium connector902 in the region offirst surface portion910 and/or ofmating connector904 in the region of contact between corresponding sealingsurface914 and first surface portion910 (e.g., asfirst surface portion910 is forced into the progressively smaller opening provided by corresponding sealing surface914), and the frictional interaction betweenfirst surface portion910 andcorresponding sealing surface914 ofmating connector904.
• As such, the ratio offirst surface portion910 andsecond surface portion912 may be selected to regulate an engagement force betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904. As discussed above,second surface portion912 may be configured to provide a clearance fit with corresponding sealingsurface914, and as such may not contribute to the engagement force (e.g., the insertion force per increment of axial insertion) betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904. Therefore, the ratio offirst surface portion910 tosecond surface portion912 may be increased to increase the engagement force betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904. Conversely, the ratio offirst surface portion910 tosecond surface portion912 may be decreased to decrease the engagement force betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904.
• The ability to regulate the engagement force betweenmedium connector902 and mating connector904 (e.g., based upon the ratio offirst surface portion910 and second surface portion912) may allow the use of features associated with medium connector902 (and/or the first associated medium carrying component) and/or mating connector904 (and/or the second associated medium carrying component) which may require a minimum insertion depth to be achieved within a selected range of insertion forces. For example,medium connector902 may include one or more retention features, e.g., which may facilitate a positive engagement and/or relative position betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904. As shown inFIGS. 9A-9B, the one or more retention features may include one or more snap-fit features (e.g., cooperating snap-fit features918,920A, respectively associated withmedium connector902 and mating connector904). As shown, one or more of cooperating snap-fit features918,920A may be disposed on a cantilever feature (e.g., cantilever arm922), e.g., which may facilitate engagement/dis-engagement of cooperating snap-fit features918,920A. Snap-fit features918,920A may require a minimum insertion depth to provide engagement therebetween. As described above, the ratio offirst surface portion910 andsecond surface portion912 may be selected to regulate the engagement force betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904 associated with the insertion depth necessary to provide engagement between snap-fit features918,920A. While regulating the engagement force between the medium connector and the mating connector has been described in connection with the use of retention features, this is not intended as a limitation of the present disclosure, as the ability to regulate the engagement force between the medium connector and the mating connector may equally be used for other purposes.
• Referring also toFIGS. 9C and 9D, the medium connector assembly may includemedium connector902 associated with a first medium carrying component (not shown) andmating connector904 associated with a second medium carrying component. As shown, one or more of the cooperating snap-fit features (e.g., cooperating snap-fit features918,920B) may be provided as a feature associated with one of the mating surfaces of the medium connector assembly (e.g., snap-fit feature920B may be formed onmember924 defining corresponding sealing surface914). Based upon, at least in part, the illustrated exemplary embodiments ofFIGS. 9A-9B and9C-9D, various additional / alternative arrangements may be readily understood, and are contemplated by the present disclosure.
• In addition/as an alternative to the second surface portion including a second taper angle, the second surface portion may include one or more recesses. For example, and referring also toFIG. 9E, the second surface portion may include one or more recesses including one or more longitudinal slots (e.g., longitudinal slot950), e.g., which may be formed infirst surface portion910.Longitudinal slot950 may be configured to provide a clearance fit with cooperating sealingsurface114 ofmating connector904. For example,longitudinal slot950 may provide a second surface portion which may not engage cooperating sealingsurface914 whenfirst surface portion910 is fully engaged with cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904. The ratio offirst surface portion910 and the radial slots (e.g., longitudinal slot950) may be selected to regulate the engagement force betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904, e.g., in as much aslongitudinal slot950 may not provide a frictional engagement force with cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904.
• Referring also toFIG. 9F, additionally/alternatively the second surface portion may include one or more recesses that may include one or more radial slots (e.g., radial slot952). Similar to the above-described longitudinal slots (e.g., longitudinal slot950),radial slot952 may be configured to provide a clearance fit with corresponding sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904. As such, the ratio offirst surface portion910 and the radial slots (e.g., radial slot952) may be selected to regulate the engagement force betweenmedium connector902 andmating connector904. For example,radial slot952 may not provide a frictional engagement force with cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904.
• In addition to the specifically described and depicted recesses in the form of longitudinal slots and radial slots, the one or more recesses may include various additional and/or alternative configurations (e.g., dimples, etc.), which may be configured to provide a clearance fit with the cooperating sealing surface of the mating connector. As such, the ratio of the first surface portion and the second surface portion (including one or more recesses) may be selected to regulate an engagement force between the medium connector and the mating connector. Further, it will be appreciated that the number, arrangement, and character of the one or more recesses may vary according to design criteria and preference.
• While the above-described embodiments have been depicted having a multi-portion engagement surface configured as a male medium connector portion, referring also toFIGS. 9G-9H,medium connector902 may additionally/alternatively be configured as a female connector portion. For example,medium connector902 may include a female connector portion having a multi-portion engagement surface includingfirst surface portion910 andsecond surface portion912. As shown inFIG. 9G, the multi-portion engagement surface may include a tapered surface, in whichfirst surface portion910 may have a first taper angle configured to provide an interference fit with cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmale mating connector904. Further,second surface portion912 may have a second taper angle that is greater than the first taper angle. As such,second surface portion912 may be configured to provide a clearance fit with cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmale mating connector904.
• Further, the second surface portion may include one or more recesses. For example, and referring also toFIGS. 9H-9I, the one or more recesses may include one or more longitudinal slots (e.g.,longitudinal slot950A,950B). Similar to previously described embodiments,first surface portion910 may be configured to provide an interference fit with cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmale mating connector904. Further, the second surface portion, includinglongitudinal slot950A,950B, may be configured to provide a clearance fit with cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmale mating connector904.Medium connector902 may include sealingregion954, which may not include longitudinal slots, e.g., to thereby facilitate achieving a seal betweenfirst surface portion910 and cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmating connector904.
• Referring also toFIG. 9J, the second surface portion may include one or more recesses, in which the one or more recesses may include one or more radial slots (e.g., radial slot952).Radial slot952 may be configured to provide a clearance fit with cooperating sealingsurface914 ofmale mating connector904.
• In addition to the specifically described and depicted recesses in the form of longitudinal slots and radial slots, the one or more recesses may include various additional and/or alternative configurations (e.g., dimples, etc.), which may be configured to provide a clearance fit with the cooperating sealing surface of the mating connector. As such, the ratio of the first surface portion and the second surface portion (including one or more recesses) may be selected to regulate an engagement force between the medium connector and the mating connector. Further, it will be appreciated that the number, arrangement, and character of the one or more recesses may vary according to design criteria and preference.
• As discussed above,infusion pump assembly100 may include aremovable cover assembly116 configured to allow access to power supply cavity118 (shown in phantom onFIG. 2).
• Referring also toFIGS. 10A-10C, power supply cavity118 (which may be formed by a combination ofremovable cover assembly116 and a portion of enclosure assembly102) may be configured to releasably receiveprimary power supply220. Additionally,power supply cavity118 may be configured to preventprimary power supply220 from being reverse-polarity electrically coupled toprocessing logic204 For example,power supply cavity118 may be configured to preventpositive terminal1000 ofprimary power supply220 from being electrically coupled tonegative terminal1002 ofpower supply cavity118 and/ornegative terminal1004 ofprimary power supply220 from being electrically coupled topositive terminal1006 of power supply cavity118).
• Configuringpower supply cavity118 to preventprimary power supply220 from being reverse-polarity electrically coupled toprocessing logic204 may provide various benefits. For example, the configuration may prevent the loss of power from primary power supply220 (e.g., discharge of the battery) where the primarypower supply assembly220 has been inserted incorrectly. In addition to functioning to not waste power, this configuration may also be a safety feature toinfusion pump assembly100.Infusion pump assembly100 may rely on power for functionality. A user may rely oninfusion pump assembly100 to provide life-sustaining therapy, for example, by delivering insulin. Thus, preventingprimary power supply220 from being reverse-polarity electrically coupled to processing logic204 (e.g., as a result ofuser202 having mistakenly insertedprimary power supply220 incorrectly), preventingprimary power supply220 from being reverse-polarity electrically coupled toprocessing logic204 may allowinfusion pump assembly100 to function for a longer time than if the incorrectly installedprimary power supply220 had been able to be reverse-polarity electrically coupled toprocessing logic204.
• Removable cover assembly116 may be configured to allow access topower supply cavity118 and effectuate the installation/replacement/removal ofprimary power supply220. As discussed above, an example ofprimary power supply220 may include but is not limited to a battery. In some embodiments, the battery may include, but is not limited to, an A, AA, AAA, or AAAA battery, and the battery may be a lithium battery or alkaline battery. The battery may, in some embodiments, be a rechargeable battery.
• Removable cover assembly116 may be configured to rotatably engageenclosure assembly102 in the direction ofarrow1008. For example,removable cover assembly116 may include first twist lock assembly1010 (e.g., a protruding tab).Enclosure assembly102 may include a second twist lock assembly1012 (e.g., a slot) configured to releasably engage first twist lock assembly and effectuate the releasable engagement of the removable cover assembly and the enclosure assembly.
• Whileremovable cover assembly116 andenclosure assembly102 is described above as including firsttwist lock assembly1010 and secondtwist lock assembly1012, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as other configurations are possible and are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. For example, one or more thread assemblies (not shown) may be utilized to effectuate the above-described rotatable engagement.
• Further, whileremovable cover assembly116 is described above as being configured to rotatably engageenclosure assembly102, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as other configurations are possible. For example,removable cover assembly116 may be configured to slidably engage enclosure assembly102 (in the direction of arrow1014) using a slide assembly (not shown). Alternatively,removable cover assembly116 may be configured to be pressed intoenclosure assembly102 in the direction ofarrow1016.
• Removable cover assembly116 may include sealing assembly1018 (e.g., an o-ring assembly) that is configured to releasably engage at least a portion ofenclosure assembly102 to form an essentially water-tight seal betweenremovable cover assembly116 andenclosure assembly102.
• In an embodiment in whichsealing assembly1018 includes an o-ring assembly included withinremovable cover assembly116, the o-ring assembly may be sized to effectuate a watertight (or essentially watertight) seal with a corresponding surface ofenclosure assembly102.
• Alternatively, in an embodiment in whichsealing assembly1018 includes an o-ring assembly included withinenclosure assembly102, the o-ring assembly may be sized to effectuate a watertight (or essentially watertight) seal with a corresponding surface ofremovable cover assembly116.
• Removable cover assembly116 may includeconductor assembly1020 for electrically couplingpositive terminal1006 ofremovable cover assembly116 with interior wall120 (FIG. 1D) ofpower supply cavity118. For example,conductor assembly1020 may include a plurality of tabs (e.g.,tabs1022,1024) that may be electrically coupled topositive terminal1006 ofremovable cover assembly116.Tabs1022,1024 may be configured so that whenremovable cover assembly116 releasably engagesenclosure assembly102,tabs1022,1024 may make electrical contact withinterior wall120 ofpower supply cavity118.Interior wall120 ofpower supply cavity118 may then be electrically coupled to the various components withininfusion pump assembly100 that require electrical power, examples of which may include but are not limited toprocessing logic204,
• As discussed above, the combination ofremovable cover assembly116 and a portion ofenclosure assembly102 may be configured to preventprimary power supply220 from being reverse-polarity electrically coupled to e.g., processinglogic204. Referring also toFIG. 11, one or more of negative terminal1002 and positive terminal1006 may be configured so that the above-described reverse polarity situation cannot occur. For example,removable cover assembly116 may includeinsulator assembly1026 that includesrecess1028 that is sized to receivepositive terminal1000 ofprimary power supply220 and enable electrical contact withpositive terminal1006 ofremovable cover assembly116.Insulator assembly1026 may be constructed of an insulating material, such as PVC plastic or bakelite. Further,recess1028 may be sized so thatnegative terminal1004 ofprimary power supply220 cannot make electrical contact with positive terminal1006 (and may only make contact with insulator1026), thus preventingprimary power supply220 from being electrically coupled toprocessing logic204 in a reverse-polarity configuration.
• Referring also toFIGS. 12A-12D, there is shown an alternative-embodimentremovable cover assembly116′.Removable cover assembly116′ may include sealingassembly1018′ (e.g., an o-ring assembly) that is configured to releasably engage at least a portion ofenclosure assembly102 to form an essentially water-tight seal betweenremovable cover assembly116′ andenclosure assembly102.
• Removable cover assembly116′ may includeconductor assembly1020′ for electrically coupling positive terminal1006′ ofremovable cover assembly116′ with interior wall120 (FIG. 1D) of power supply cavity118 (FIG. 1D). For example,conductor assembly1020′ may include a plurality of tabs (e.g.,tabs1022′,1024′) that may be electrically coupled to positive terminal1006′ ofremovable cover assembly116′.Tabs1022′,1024′ may be configured so that whenremovable cover assembly116′ releasably engagesenclosure assembly102,tabs1022′,1024′ may make electrical contact withinterior wall120 ofpower supply cavity118.Interior wall120 ofpower supply cavity118 may then be electrically coupled to the various components withininfusion pump assembly100 that require electrical power, examples of which may include but are not limited toprocessing logic204,
• As discussed above, the combination ofremovable cover assembly116′ and a portion ofenclosure assembly102 may be configured to preventprimary power supply220 from being reverse-polarity electrically coupled toprocessing logic204. For example,removable cover assembly116′ may includeinsulator assembly1026′ that definesrecess1028′ that is sized to receive positive terminal1000 (FIG. 11) of primary power supply220 (FIG. 11) and enable electrical contact with positive terminal1006′ ofremovable cover assembly116′.Insulator assembly1026′, which may be constructed of an insulating material (e.g., PVC plastic or bakelite), may be molded into and/or a portion ofremovable cover assembly116′. Further,recess1028′ may be sized so that negative terminal1004 (FIG. 11) ofprimary power supply220 cannot make electrical contact with positive terminal1006′ (and may only make electrical contact withinsulator1026′, thus preventingprimary power supply220 from being electrically coupled toprocessing logic204 in a reverse-polarity configuration.
• Whilepower supply cavity118 is described above as having positive terminal1006 positioned proximateremovable cover assembly116, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as other configurations are possible and are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. For example, negative terminal1002 may be positioned proximateremovable cover assembly116.
• Referring also toFIG. 13, there is shown a more-detailed diagrammatic view ofprocessing logic204.Processing logic204 may include one or morecircuit partitioning components1300,1302 configured to divideprocessing logic204 intoprimary processing logic1304 and backup processing logic1306. Examples of one or morecircuit partitioning components1300,1302 may include but are not limited todiode assembly1300 and current limitingassembly1302.
• Diode assembly1300 may be configured to allowprimary power supply220 to chargebackup power supply1308 included within backup processing logic1306, while prohibitingbackup power supply1308 from providing backupelectrical energy1310 toprimary processing logic1304 in the event that some form of failure prevents primaryelectrical energy1312 from providingprimary processing logic1304. An example ofbackup power supply1308 may include but is not limited to a super capacitor assembly. An example of such a super capacitor assembly may include but is not limited to an electric double-layer capacitor manufactured by Elna Co. Ltd. of Yokohama, Japan.
• Current limitingassembly1302 may be configured to limit the amount of primaryelectrical energy1312 available to chargebackup power supply1308. Specifically, asprimary power supply220 may be configured to chargebackup power supply1308, the amount of current available fromprimary power supply220 may be limited to e.g., avoid deprivingprimary processing logic1304 of a requisite portion of primaryelectrical energy1312.
• Primary processing logic1304 may includeprimary microprocessor1314 andvoltage booster circuit1316. An example ofprimary microprocessor1314 may include but is not limited to a H8S/2000 manufactured by Renesas Technology America Inc. of San Jose, Calif.Voltage booster circuit1316 may be configured to increase the voltage potential of primaryelectrical energy1312 provided byprimary power supply220 to a level sufficient to powerprimary microprocessor1314. An example ofvoltage booster circuit1316 may include but is not limited to a LTC3421 manufactured by Linear Technology of Milpitas, Calif.
• Current limitingassembly1302 may be configured to limit the amount of current available to chargebackup power supply1308 during the power-up ofprimary microprocessor1314. Specifically and for illustrative purposes, current limitingassembly1302 may be controlled byprimary microprocessor1314 and current limitingassembly1302 may be disabled (i.e., provide no charging current to backup power supply1308) until afterprimary microprocessor1314 is fully powered up. Uponprimary microprocessor1314 being fully powered up,primary microprocessor1314 may now enable current limitingassembly1302, thus providing charging current tobackup power supply1308. Alternatively and upon being initially energized, current limitingassembly1302 may be configured to prohibit the flow of charging current tobackup power supply1308 for a time sufficient to allow for the powering up ofprimary microprocessor1314.
• Backup processing logic1306 may includebackup power supply1308 andsafety microprocessor1318. An example ofsafety microprocessor1318 may include but is not limited to a MSP430 manufactured by Texas Instruments of Dallas, Tex.
• Primary power supply220 may be configured to provide primaryelectrical energy1312 to at least a portion ofprocessing logic204. Specifically and during normal operation ofinfusion pump assembly100,primary power supply220 may be configured to provide primaryelectrical energy1312 to all of processing logic204 (including the various components ofprimary processing logic1304 and backup processing logic1306), as well as various subsystems included withininfusion pump assembly100.
• Examples of such subsystems may include but are not limited tomemory system206,input system208,display system104,vibration system210,audio system212,motor assembly214,force sensor216, anddisplacement detection device218.
• Backup power supply1308 may be configured to provide backupelectrical energy1310 to the at least a portion ofprocessing logic204 in the event thatprimary power supply220 fails to provide primaryelectrical energy1312 to at least a portion ofprocessing logic204. Specifically, in the event thatprimary power supply220 fails and, therefore, can no longer provide primaryelectrical energy1312 toprocessing logic204,backup power supply1308 may be configured to provide backupelectrical energy1310 to backup processing logic1306.
• For illustrative purposes only, assume thatinfusion pump assembly100 is operating normally andprimary power supply220 is providing primaryelectrical energy1312 toprocessing logic204. As discussed above,voltage booster circuit1316 may increase the voltage potential of primaryelectrical energy1312 to a level sufficient to powerprimary microprocessor1314, whereinvoltage booster circuit1316 andprimary microprocessor1314 are both included withinprimary processing logic1304.
• Further,diode assembly1300 may allow a portion of primaryelectrical energy1312 to enter backup processing logic1306, thus enabling the operation ofsafety microprocessor1318 and the charging ofbackup power supply1308. As discussed above an example ofbackup power supply1308 may include but is not limited to a super capacitor. As discussed above, current limitingassembly1302 may limit the quantity of current provided byprimary power supply220 to backup processing logic1306, thus preventing the diversion of too large a portion of primaryelectrical energy1312 fromprimary processing logic1304 to backup processing logic1306.
• Accordingly, in addition to poweringsafety microprocessor1318,primary power supply220 may chargebackup power supply1308. In a preferred embodiment,backup power supply1308 is a 0.33 farad super capacitor.
• Safety microprocessor1318 may monitor the status ofprimary power supply220 by monitoring (via conductor1320) the voltage potential present at the input ofvoltage booster circuit1316. Alternatively,safety microprocessor1318 may monitor the status ofprimary power supply220 by e.g. monitoring the voltage potential present at the output ofvoltage booster circuit1316. Further still,safety microprocessor1318 andprimary microprocessor1314 may be electrically-coupled viae.g. conductor1322 andprimary microprocessor1314 may be configured to continuously provide a “beacon” signal tosafety microprocessor1318.Conductor1322 may include isolation circuit1324 (e.g., one or more diodes assemblies) to electrically isolatesafety microprocessor1318 andprimary microprocessor1314. Accordingly, providedsafety microprocessor1318 continues to receive the “beacon” signal fromprimary microprocessor1314,primary microprocessor1314 is functioning and, therefore, being properly powered byprimary power supply220. In the event thatsafety microprocessor1318 fails to receive the “beacon” signal fromprimary microprocessor1314, an alarm sequence may be initiated.
• Further still,safety microprocessor1318 may be configured to continuously provide a “beacon” signal toprimary microprocessor1314. Accordingly, providedprimary microprocessor1314 continues to receive the “beacon” signal fromsafety microprocessor1318,safety microprocessor1318 is functioning and, therefore, being properly powered bybackup power supply1308. In the event thatprimary microprocessor1314 fails to receive the “beacon” signal fromsafety microprocessor1318, an alarm sequence may be initiated.
• As used in this disclosure, a “beacon” signal may be considered an event that is performed by primary microprocessor1314 (and/or safety microprocessor1318) solely for the purpose of making the presence of primary microprocessor1314 (and/or safety microprocessor1318) known. Additionally/alternatively, the “beacon” signal may be considered an event that is performed by primary microprocessor1314 (and/or safety microprocessor1318) for the purpose of performing a task, wherein the execution of this event is monitored by safety microprocessor1318 (and/or primary microprocessor1314) to confirm the presence of primary microprocessor1314 (and/or safety microprocessor1318).
• Assume for illustrative purposes thatprimary power supply220 fails. For example, assume thatprimary power supply220 physically fails (as opposed to simply becoming discharged). Examples of such a failure may include but are not limited to the failing of a cell (not shown) withinprimary power supply220 and the failing of a conductor (e.g., one or more ofconductors1320,1326) that electrically-couplesprimary power supply220 toprocessing logic204. Accordingly, in the event of such a failure,primary power supply220 may no longer provide primaryelectrical energy1312 toprocessing logic204.
• However, when such a failure ofprimary power supply220 occurs, the voltage potential present at the output ofvoltage booster circuit1316 and the voltage potential present at the input ofvoltage booster circuit1316 may be reduced to zero. Sincesafety microprocessor1318 may monitor (as discussed above) one or more of these voltage potentials,safety microprocessor1318 may be knowledgeable thatprimary power supply220 has failed.
• Further, when such a failure ofprimary power supply220 occurs,primary microprocessor1314 will no longer be powered and, therefore,primary microprocessor1314 will no longer produce the above-described “beacon” signals. Sincesafety microprocessor1318 monitors the above-described “beacon” signals,safety microprocessor1318 may be knowledgeable thatprimary power supply220 has failed.
• As discussed above, in the event of such a failure ofprimary power supply220, asdiode assembly1300 is reversed-biased,backup power supply1308 may not provide backupelectrical energy1310 toprimary processing logic1304. Accordingly,primary processing logic1304 will no longer function.
• Upon sensing the failure ofprimary power supply220,safety microprocessor1318 may initiate an alarm sequence that may result inaudio system212 being energized.Audio system212 may be controllable by bothsafety microprocessor1318 andprimary microprocessor1314. Alternatively, a separate audio system may be used for each ofsafety microprocessor1318 andprimary microprocessor1314. An example ofaudio system212 may include but is not limited to a Piezo electric diaphragm, an example of which may include but is not limited to a 7BB-15-6 manufactured by Murata of Kyoto, Japan.
• Audio system212 may further include an RS232line driver circuit1330, such as a MAX3319/MAX3221 manufactured by Maxim Integrated Products of Sunnyvale, Calif. One or more orprimary microprocessor1314 andsafety microprocessor1318 may be configured to provide an alarm control signal (e.g., a square wave; not shown) to RS232line driver circuit1330 to generate an alarm output signal (not shown) that may be provided to and may drive the above-described Piezo electric diaphragm.
• The alarm sequence initiated bysafety microprocessor1318 is intended to informuser202 of the failure ofprimary power supply220 so thatuser202 may take the appropriate action (e.g. seeking an alterative means to have their therapy performed and/or having infusion pumpassembly100 repaired/replaced).Backup power supply1308 may be sized so thatsafety microprocessor1318 andaudio system212 may continue to function for up to fifteen minutes or more after the failure of primary power supply220 (i.e., depending on design specifications).
• The alarm sequence initiated bysafety microprocessor1318 and/orprimary microprocessor1314 may be an “escalating” alarm sequence. For example, at first a discrete “vibrating” alarm may be initiated (via vibration system210). In the event that this “vibrating” alarm is not acknowledged within a defined period of time (e.g., one minute), a low volume audible alarm may be initiated. In the event that this low volume alarm is not acknowledged within a defined period of time (e.g., one minute), a medium volume audible alarm may be initiated. In the event that this medium volume alarm is not acknowledged within a defined period of time (e.g., one minute), a high volume audible alarm may be initiated. The escalating alarm sequence may provide a notification touser202, in which the notification may be discrete or less disruptive at the onset. The initially discrete or less disruptive notification may be advantageous asuser202 may experience minimal disruption. However, in the event thatuser202 does not acknowledge the alarm, the escalating nature of the alarm may provide for additional layers of safety touser202. Additionally, in a case ofaudio system212 error, orvibration system210 error, the escalating alarm sequence, which may include both vibration and audio alarms, may insure thatuser202 may be notified regardless of whether bothsystems210,212 are functioning.
• Audio system212, in some embodiments, may be configured to perform a self test upon power up. For example, uponinfusion pump assembly100 being initially powered up,audio system212 may provide a “beep-type” signal to each sound generating device included withinaudio system212. In the event thatuser202 does not hear these “beep-type” signal(s),user202 may take the appropriate action (e.g. seeking an alterative means to have their therapy performed and/or having infusion pumpassembly100 repaired/replaced). As discussed above,audio system212 may be controllable bysafety microprocessor1318 and/orprimary microprocessor1314. Accordingly, when performing the above-described self test upon power up,safety microprocessor1318 and/orprimary microprocessor1314 may control the above-described self test. This feature may provide for additional safety touser202, asuser202 may be alerted to a system error earlier than may otherwise be the case. Thus, a method may be provided to notify the user early of system errors. Also, the system may otherwise not be aware of an error inaudio system212, thus, this feature provides for identification of a failure byuser202 that may otherwise go undetected.
• During the failure ofprimary power supply220,safety microprocessor1318 may continue to monitor the voltage potential present at the output ofvoltage booster circuit1316 and/or the voltage potential present at the input ofvoltage booster circuit1316. Additionally,safety microprocessor1318 may continue to monitor for the presence of the above-described “beacon” signals. Accordingly, in the event that the failure ofprimary power supply220 was a temporary event (e.g.primary power supply220 is an out-of-date battery and is being replaced with a new battery),safety microprocessor1318 may be knowledgeable whenprimary power supply220 is once again functioning properly.
• Uponprimary power supply220 once again functioning properly,diode assembly1300 and current limitingassembly1302 may allow a portion of primaryelectrical energy1312 produced byprimary power supply220 to rechargebackup power supply1308.
• Additionally,safety microprocessor1318 andprimary microprocessor1314 may each maintain a real-time clock, so that the various doses of infusible fluid may be dispensed at the appropriate time of day. Asprimary microprocessor1314 was not functioning during the failure ofprimary power supply220, the real-time clock maintained withinprimary microprocessor1314 may no longer be accurate. Accordingly, the real-time clock maintained withinsafety microprocessor1318 may be used to reset the real-time clock maintained withinprimary microprocessor1314.
• In order to further enhance the reliability and safety ofinfusion pump assembly100,primary microprocessor1314 andsafety microprocessor1318 may each execute applications written in different programming languages. For example,primary microprocessor1314 may be configured to execute one or more primary applications written in a first computer language, whilesafety microprocessor1318 may be configured to execute one or more safety applications written in a second computer language.
• Examples of the first computer language in which the primary applications are written may include but are not limited to Ada, Basic, Cobol, C, C++, C#, Fortran, Visual Assembler, Visual Basic, Visual J++, Java, and Java Script languages. In a preferred embodiment, the first computer language in which the primary applications (executed on primary microprocessor1314 ) are written is the C++ computer language.
• Examples of the second computer language in which the safety applications are written may include but are not limited to Ada, Basic, Cobol, C, C++, C#, Fortran, Visual Assembler, Visual Basic, Visual J++, Java, and Java Script languages. In a preferred embodiment, the second computer language in which the safety applications (executed on safety microprocessor1318) are written is the C computer language.
• Further, assuming thatprimary microprocessor1314 andsafety microprocessor1318 are different types of microprocessors and, therefore, use different compilers; the compiled code associated with the primary applications executed byprimary microprocessor1314 and the safety applications executed onsafety microprocessor1318 may be different (regardless of the whether the primary applications and the safety applications were written in the same computer language.
• Examples of the one or more primary applications written in the first computer language and executable onprimary microprocessor1314 may include but are not limited to an operating system (e.g., Linux™, Unix™, Windows CE™) , an executive loop and various software applications. Further, examples of the one or more safety applications written in the second computer language and executable onsafety microprocessor1318 may include but are not limited to an operating system (e.g., Linux ™, Unix™, Windows CE™), an executive loop and various software applications.
• Accordingly,primary processing logic1304 and backup processing logic1306 may each be configured as a separate stand-alone autonomous computing device. Therefore,primary microprocessor1314 included withinprimary processing logic1304 may execute a first operating system (e.g. Linux™) andsafety microprocessor1318 included within backup processing logic1306 may execute an executive loop. p Additionally,primary microprocessor1314 included withinprimary processing logic1304 may execute one or more software applications (e.g. graphical user interface applications, scheduling applications, control applications, telemetry applications) executable within (in this example) a Linux™ operating system. Further,safety microprocessor1318 included within backup processing logic1306 may execute one or more software applications (e.g. graphical user interface applications, scheduling applications, control applications, telemetry applications) executable within (in this example) the executive loop.
• By utilizing diverse computer languages and/or diverse operating systems, infusion pump assembly may be less susceptible to e.g. computer-language bugs, operating-system bugs, and/or computer viruses.
• One or more of primary microprocessor1314 (included withinprimary processing logic1304 of processing logic204) and safety microprocessor1318 (included within backup processing logic1306 of processing logic204) may execute confirmation process234 (FIG. 2). As will be discussed below in greater detail,confirmation process234 may be configured to process a command received on a first microprocessor (e.g., primary microprocessor1314) so that the command may be confirmed by a second microprocessor (e.g., safety microprocessor1318).
• The instruction sets and subroutines ofconfirmation process234, which may be stored on a storage device (e.g., memory system208) accessible by processinglogic204, may be executed by one or more processors (e.g.,primary microprocessor1314 and/or safety microprocessor1318) and one or more memory architectures (e.g., memory system208) included withininfusion pump assembly100. Examples ofmemory system208 may include but are not limited to: a random access memory; a read-only memory; and a flash memory.
• Referring also toFIG. 14,confirmation process234 may receive1400, on a first microprocessor executing one or more applications written in a first computer language, an initial command processable by the one or more applications written in the first computer language. For example and as discussed above, primary microprocessor1314 (included within primary processing logic1304) may be executing the Linux™ operating system. Assuming thatuser202 wishes to have a 0.50 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 dispensed byinfusion pump assembly100,user202 may select (viainput system208 and display system104) the appropriate commands to have the 0.50 mL dose dispensed. Accordingly,primary microprocessor1314 may receive1400 a corresponding command (e.g., command1332) to dispense 0.50 mL ofinfusible fluid200.
• As discussed above, safety microprocessor1318 (included within backup processing logic1306) may be executing the executive loop. Accordingly,command1332 may not be provided tosafety microprocessor1318 in its native form, assafety microprocessor1318 may not be capable ofprocessing command1332, due tosafety microprocessor1318 executing the executive loop andprimary microprocessor1314 executing the Linux™ operating system.
• Accordingly,confirmation process234 may convert1402initial command1332 into a modified command (e.g., command1334) that may be processable by e.g., safety microprocessor1318 (included within backup processing logic1306) that may be executing the executive loop. For example,confirmation process234 may convert1402initial command1332 into modifiedcommand1334 that is transmittable via a communication protocol (not shown) that effectuates the communication ofprimary microprocessor1314 andsafety microprocessor1318. Oncecommand1332 is converted1402 into modifiedcommand1334, modifiedcommand1334 may be provided1404 to e.g., safety microprocessor1318 (included within backup processing logic1306) that may be executing e.g., the executive loop.
• Once received by e.g., safety microprocessor1318 (included within backup processing logic1306),safety microprocessor1318 may process modifiedcommand1334 and provide (via e.g., display system104) a visual confirmation touser202. Prior to processing modifiedcommand1334,confirmation process234 may convert modifiedcommand1334 into a native command (not shown) processable bysafety microprocessor1318. For example, upon receiving modifiedcommand1334,safety microprocessor1318 may process received modifiedcommand1334 to render (on display system104) a visual confirmation.
• Upon processing modifiedcommand1334,confirmation process234 may render on display system104 a message that states e.g., “Dispense 0.50 U Dose?”. Upon reading this message,user202 may either authorize the dispensing of the 0.50 mL dose or cancel the dispensing of the 0.50 mL dose. Accordingly, ifuser202 authorizes the dispensing of the 0.50 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200, the accuracy ofinitial command1332 and modifiedcommand1334 are both confirmed. However, in the event that e.g., the message rendered byconfirmation process234 is incorrect (e.g., “Dispense 1.50 U Dose?”), theconversion1402 ofinitial command1332 to modified command132 has failed. Accordingly, primary microprocessor1314 (and/or the applications being executed on primary microprocessor1314) and/or safety microprocessor1318 (and/or the applications being executed on safety microprocessor1318) may be malfunctioning. Accordingly,user202 may need to seek an alterative means to having their therapy performed and/or haveinfusion pump assembly100 serviced.
• As discussed above,infusion pump assembly100 may be configured to deliverinfusible fluid200 touser202.Infusible fluid200 may be delivered touser202 via one or more different infusion event types. For example,infusion pump assembly100 may deliverinfusible fluid200 via may a sequential, multi-part, infusion event (that may include a plurality of discrete infusion events) and/or a one-time infusion event.
• Examples of such a sequential, multi-part, infusion event may include but are not limited to a basal infusion event and an extended-bolus infusion event. As is known in the art, a basal infusion event refers to the constant flow of a small quantity ofinfusible fluid200. However, as such an infusion methodology is impractical/undersirable for an infusion pump assembly, when administered by such an infusion pump assembly, a basal infusion event may refer to the repeated injection of small (e.g. 0.05 unit) quantities ofinfusible fluid200 at a predefined interval (e.g. every three minutes) that is repeated. The quantity ofinfusible fluid200 delivered during each interval may be identical or may vary from interval to interval. Further, the time interval between each delivery ofinfusible fluid200 may be identical or may vary from interval to interval. Further, the basal infusion rates may be pre-programmed time-frames, e.g., a rate of 0.50 units per hour from 6 am-3 pm; a rate of 0.40 units per hour from 3 pm-10 pm; and a rate of 0.35 units per hour from 10 pm-6 am. However, similarly, the basal rate may be 0.025 units per hour, and may not change according to pre-programmed time-frames. The basal rates may be repeated regularly/daily until otherwise changed.
• Further and as is known in the art, and extended-bolus infusion event may refer to the repeated injection of small (e.g. 0.025 unit) quantities ofinfusible fluid200 at a predefined interval (e.g. every three minutes) that is repeated for a defined number of intervals (e.g., three intervals) or for a defined period of time (e.g., one hour). An extended-bolus infusion event may occur simultaneously with a basal infusion event.
• In contrast, as in known in the art, a normal bolus infusion event refers to a one-time infusion ofinfusible fluid200. The volume of theinfusible fluid200 delivered in a bolus infusion event may be requested, andinfusion pump assembly100 may deliver the requested volume ofinfusible fluid200 for the bolus infusion event at a predetermined rate (e.g., as quickly as the infusion pump assembly can deliver). However, the infusion pump assembly may deliver a normal bolus at a slower rate where the normal bolus volume is greater than a pre-programmed threshhold.
• Referring also toFIGS. 15-16, assume for illustrative purposes only thatuser202 configuresinfusion pump assembly100 to administer a basal dose (e.g. 0.05 units) ofinfusible fluid200 every three minutes. As discussed above,infusion pump assembly100 may includeinput system208 anddisplay system104. Accordingly,user202 may utilizeinput system208 to define a basal infusion event for infusible fluid200 (e.g., 1.00 units per hour), which may be confirmed viadisplay system104. While, in this example, the basal infusion event is described as 1.00 units per hour, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as either or both of the unit quantity and time period may be adjusted upward or downward.Infusion pump assembly100 may then determine an infusion schedule based upon the basal infusion event defined; and may administer100infusible fluid200. For example,infusion pump assembly100 may deliver 0.05 units ofinfusible fluid200 every three minutes, resulting in the delivery of the basal dose ofinfusible fluid200 defined by the user (i.e., 1.00 units per hour).
• Once defined and/or confirmed,fluid delivery process236 may administer1500 the sequential, multi-part, infusion event (e.g., 0.05 units ofinfusible fluid200 every three minutes). Accordingly, while administering1500 the sequential, multi-part, infusion event, infusion pump assembly100: may infuse a first 0.05unit dose1600 ofinfusible fluid200 at t=0:00 (i.e., a first discrete infusion event), may infuse a second 0.05unit dose1602 ofinfusible fluid200 at t=3:00 (i.e., a second discrete infusion event); may infuse a third 0.05unit dose1604 ofinfusible fluid200 at t=6:00 (i.e., a third discrete infusion event); may infuse a fourth 0.05unit dose1606 ofinfusible fluid200 at t=9:00 (i.e., a fourth discrete infusion event); and may infuse a fifth 0.05unit dose1608 ofinfusible fluid200 at t=12:00 (i.e., a fifth discrete infusion event). As discussed above, this pattern of infusing 0.05 unit doses ofinfusible fluid200 every three minutes may be repeated indefinitely in this example, as this is an illustrative example of a basal infusion event.
• Further, assume for illustrative purposes thatinfusible fluid200 is insulin and sometime after the first 0.05unit dose1600 ofinfusible fluid200 is administered1500 by fluid delivery process236 (but before the second 0.05unit dose1602 ofinfusible fluid200 is administered1500 by fluid delivery process236),user202 checks their blood glucose level and realizes that their blood glucose level is running a little higher than normal. Accordingly,user202 may define an extended bolus infusion event viafluid delivery process236. An extended bolus infusion event may refer to the continuous infusion of a defined quantity ofinfusible fluid200 over a finite period of time. However, as such an infusion methodology is impractical/undesirable for an infusion pump assembly, when administered by such an infusion pump assembly, an extended bolus infusion event may refer to the infusion of additional small doses ofinfusible fluid200 over a finite period of time.
• Accordingly,user202 may utilizeinput system208 to define an extended bolus infusion event for infusible fluid200 (e.g., 0.20 units over the next six minutes), which may be confirmed viadisplay system104. While, in this example, the extended bolus infusion event is described as 0.20 units over the next six minutes, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as either or both of the unit quantity and total time interval may be adjusted upward or downward. Once defined and/or confirmed,fluid delivery process236 may determine an infusion schedule based upon the extended bolus infusion event defined; and may administer1500infusible fluid200. For example,infusion pump assembly100 may deliver 0.10 units ofinfusible fluid200 every three minutes for the next two interval cycles (or six minutes), resulting in the delivery of the extended bolus dose ofinfusible fluid200 defined by the user (i.e., 0.20 units over the next six minutes).
• Accordingly, while administering1500 the second, sequential, multi-part, infusion event,infusion pump assembly100 may infuse a first 0.10unit dose1610 ofinfusible fluid200 at t=3:00 (e.g., after administering the second 0.05unit dose1602 of infusible fluid200).Infusion pump assembly100 may also infuse a second 0.10unit dose1612 ofinfusible fluid200 at t=6:00 (e.g., after administering the third 0.05unit dose1604 of infusible fluid200).
• Assume for illustrative purposes only that afteruser202 programsinfusion pump assembly100 to administer1500 the first sequential, multi-part, infusion event (i.e., 0.05 units infused every three minute interval repeated continuously) and administer1500 the second sequential, multi-part, infusion event (i.e., 0.10 units infused every three minute interval for two intervals),user202 decides to eat a very large meal. Predicting that their blood glucose level might increase considerably,user202 may program infusion pump assembly100 (viainput system208 and/or display system104) to administer1502 a one-time infusion event. An example of such a one-time infusion event may include but is not limited to a normal bolus infusion event. As is known in the art, a normal bolus infusion event refers to a one-time infusion ofinfusible fluid200.
• For illustrative purposes only, assume thatuser202 wishes to haveinfusion pump assembly100 administer1502 a bolus dose of thirty-six units ofinfusible fluid200.Fluid delivery process236 may monitor the various infusion events being administered byfluid delivery process236 to determine1504 whether a one-time infusion event is available to be administered. If1504 a one-time infusion event is available foradministration1502,fluid delivery process236 may delay1506 the administration of at least a portion of the sequential, multi-part, infusion event.
• Continuing with the above-stated example, onceuser202 completes the programming offluid delivery process236 to deliver one-time infusion event1614 (i.e., the thirty-six unit bolus dose of infusible fluid200), uponfluid delivery process236 determining1504 that the one-time infusion event is available foradministration1502,fluid delivery process236 may delay1506 theadministration1500 of each sequential, multi-part infusion event and administer1502 the available one-time infusion event.
• Specifically and as discussed above, prior touser202 programmingfluid delivery process236 to deliver one-time infusion event1614,infusion delivery process236 was administering1500 a first sequential, multi-part, infusion event (i.e., 0.05 units infused every three minute interval repeated continuously) and administering1500 a second sequential, multi-part, infusion event (i.e., 0.10 units infused every three minute interval for two intervals).
• For illustrative purposes only, the first sequential, multi-part, infusion event may be represented withinFIG. 16 as 0.05unit dose1600 @ t=0:00, 0.05unit dose1602 @ t=3:00, 0.05unit dose1604 @ t=6:00, 0.05unit dose1606 @ t=9:00, and 0.05unit dose1608 @ t=12:00. As the first sequential, multi-part, infusion event is described above is a basal infusion event, infusion pump assembly100 (in conjunction with fluid delivery process236) may continue to infuse 0.05 unit doses ofinfusible fluid200 at three minute intervals indefinitely (i.e., until the procedure is cancelled by user202).
• Further and for illustrative purposes only, the second sequential, multi-part, infusion event may be represented withinFIG. 16 as 0.10unit dose1610 @ t=3:00 and 0.10unit dose1612 @ t=6:00. As the second sequential, multi-part, infusion event is described above as an extended bolus infusion event, infusion pump assembly100 (in conjunction with fluid delivery process236) may continue to infuse 0.10 unit doses ofinfusible fluid200 at three minute intervals for exactly two intervals (i.e., the number of intervals defined by user202).
• Continuing with the above-stated example, uponfluid delivery process236 determining1504 that the thirty-six unit normal bolus dose of infusible fluid200 (i.e., one-time infusion event1614) is available foradministration1502,fluid delivery process236 may delay1506 theadministration1500 of each sequential, multi-part infusion event and may start administering1502 one-time infusion event1614 that is available for administration.
• Accordingly and for illustrative purposes only, assume that upon completion of the programming ofinfusion pump assembly100 to deliver the thirty-six unit normal bolus does of infusible fluid200 (i.e., the one-time infusion event), fluid delivery process begins administering1502 one-time infusion event1614. Being that one-time infusion event1614 is comparatively large, it may take longer than three minutes (i.e., the time interval between individual infused doses of the sequential, multi-part, infusion events) to administer and, therefore, one or more of the individual infused doses of the sequential, multi-part, infusion events may need to be delayed.
• Specifically, assume that it will takeinfusion pump assembly100 greater than six minutes to infuse thirty-six units ofinfusible fluid200. Accordingly,fluid delivery process236 may delay 0.05 unit dose1602 (i.e., scheduled to be infused @ t=3:00), 0.05 unit dose1604 (i.e., scheduled to be infused @ t=6:00), and 0.05 unit dose1606 (i.e., scheduled to be infused @ t=9:00) until after one-time infusion event1614 (i.e., the thirty-six unit normal bolus dose of infusible fluid200) is completely administered. Further,fluid delivery process236 may delay 0.10 unit dose1610 (i.e., scheduled to be infused @ t=3:00 and 0.10 unit dose1612 (i.e., scheduled to be infused @ t=6:00) until after one-time infusion event1614.
• Onceadministration1502 of one-time infusion event1614 is completed byfluid delivery process236, any discrete infusion events included within the sequential, multi-part, infusion event that were delayed may be administered1500 byfluid delivery process236.
• Accordingly, once one-time infusion event1614 (i.e., the thirty-six unit normal bolus dose of infusible fluid200) is completely administered1502,fluid delivery process236 may administer1500 0.05unit dose1602, 0.05unit dose1604, 0.05unit dose1606, 0.10unit dose1610, and 0.10unit dose1612.
• Whilefluid delivery process236 is shown to administer1500 0.05unit dose1602, then 0.00unit dose1610, then 0.05unit dose1604, then 0.10unit dose1612, and then 0.05unit dose1606, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as other configurations are possible and are considered to be within the scope of this disclosure. For example, uponfluid delivery process236 completing theadministration1502 of one-time infusion event1614 (i.e., the thirty-six unit normal bolus dose of infusible fluid200),fluid delivery process236 may administer1500 all of the delayed discrete infusion events associated with the first sequential, multi-part infusion event (i.e., namely 0.05unit dose1602, 0.05unit dose1604, and 0.05unit dose1606.Fluid delivery process236 may then administer1500 all of the delayed discrete infusion events associated with the second sequential, multi-part infusion event (i.e., 0.10unit dose1610, and 0.10 unit dose1612).
• While one-time infusion event1614 (i.e., the thirty-six unit normal bolus dose of infusible fluid200) is shown as being infused beginning at t=3:00, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure. Specifically,fluid delivery process236 may not need to begin infusing one-time infusion event1614 at one of the three-minute intervals (e.g., t=0:00, t=3:00, t=6:00, t=9:00, or t=12:00) and may begin administering1502 one-time infusion event1614 at any time.
• While each discrete infusion event (e.g., 0.05unit dose1602, 0.05unit dose1604, 0.05unit dose1606, 0.10unit dose1610, and 0.10 unit dose1612) and one-time infusion event1614 are shown as being a single event, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure. Specifically, at least one of the plurality of discrete infusion events e.g., 0.05unit dose1602, 0.05unit dose1604, 0.05unit dose1606, 0.10unit dose1610, and 0.10 unit dose1612) may include a plurality of discrete infusion sub-events. Further, one-time infusion event1614 may include a plurality of one-time infusion sub-events.
• Referring also toFIG. 17 and for illustrative purposes, 0.05unit dose1602 is shown to include ten discrete infusion sub-events (e.g., infusion sub-events1700_1-10), wherein a 0.005 unit dose ofinfusible fluid200 is infused during each of the ten discrete infusion sub-events. Additionally, 0.10unit dose1610 is shown to include ten discrete infusion sub-events (e.g., infusion sub-events1702_1-10), wherein a 0.01 unit dose ofinfusible fluid200 is delivered during each of the ten discrete infusion sub-events. Further, one-time infusion event1614 may include e.g., three-hundred-sixty one-time infusion sub-events (not shown), wherein a0.1 unit dose ofinfusible fluid200 is delivered during each of the three-hundred-sixty one-time infusion sub-events. The number of sub-events defined above and the quantity ofinfusible fluid200 delivered during each sub-event is solely for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as the number of sub-events and/or the quantity ofinfusible fluid200 delivered during each sub-event may be increased or decreased depending upon e.g., the design criteria ofinfusion pump assembly100 and/or the implementation offluid delivery process236.
• Before, after, or in between the above-described infusion sub-events,infusion pump assembly100 may confirm the proper operation ofinfusion pump assembly100 through the use of e.g., force sensor216 (i.e., which may determine the occurrence of an occlusion) and displacement detection device218 (i.e., which may determine the occurrence of a mechanical failure).
• As discussed above, during operation ofinfusion pump assembly100,infusible fluid200 may be delivered touser202 in accordance with e.g. a defined delivery schedule. For illustrative purposes only, assume thatinfusion pump assembly100 is configured to provide 0.10 mL ofinfusible fluid200 touser202 every three minutes. Accordingly, every three minutes,processing logic204 may provide the appropriate drive signals tomotor assembly214 to allowmotor assembly214 to rotate lead screw assembly42 the appropriate amount so that partial nut assembly40 (and therefore plunger assembly224) may be displaced the appropriate amount in the direction ofarrow230 so that 0.10 mL ofinfusible fluid200 are provided to user202 (via cannula38).
• Processing logic204 may executeocclusion detection process238, andocclusion detection process238 may be configured to monitor one or more events that are occurring withininfusion pump assembly100 to determine whether or not an occlusion (e.g., a blockage) has occurred withine.g. cannula assembly114.
• Referring also toFIGS. 18-19,occlusion detection process238 may determine1900 a rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01) that corresponds to the delivery of first dose240 (FIG. 2) ofinfusible fluid200.
• When determining1900 the rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01),occlusion detection process238 may determine1902 an initial force reading prior to dispensingfirst dose240 ofinfusible fluid200. As discussed above,infusion pump assembly100 may regularly dispense individual doses ofinfusible fluid200 based upon one or more infusion schedules. For example and as discussed above,infusion pump assembly100 may be configured to dispense 0.10 mL ofinfusible fluid200 touser202 every three minutes.
• When determining1902 the initial force reading prior to dispensingfirst dose240 ofinfusible fluid200,occlusion detection process238 may obtain the initial force reading fromforce sensor216. Provided that there is not an occlusion withine.g. cannula assembly114, the initial force reading obtained byocclusion detection process238 prior toinfusion pump assembly100 dispensingfirst dose240 ofinfusible fluid200 should be zero pounds. Onceocclusion detection process238 determines1902 the initial force reading,infusion pump assembly100 may dispense1904first dose240 ofinfusible fluid200 touser202 viacannula assembly114. While the system may be described above and/or below as having a force reading of zero pounds prior to and/or subsequent to dispensinginfusible fluid200, this is for illustrative purposes only, as frictional forces and/or backpressure may result in force readings that are slightly higher than zero pounds.
• Onceinfusion pump assembly100 dispenses1904first dose240 ofinfusible fluid200 touser202,occlusion detection process238 may determine1906 a final force reading subsequent to dispensing1904first dose240 ofinfusible fluid200. For example, onceinfusion pump assembly100 has completely dispensed1904first dose240 ofinfusible fluid200 touser202,occlusion detection process238 may obtain the final force reading fromforce sensor216 in a process similar to that used to obtain the initial force reading fromforce sensor216.
• Occlusion detection process238 may determine1900 the rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01) based, at least in part, upon the initial force reading and the final force reading. For example,occlusion detection process238 may subtract the initial force reading from the final force reading to determine the net force change that occurred while dispensing (in this particular example) 0.10 mL ofinfusible fluid200. As discussed above, provided that there are no occlusions withine.g. cannula assembly114, the initial force reading (obtained from force sensor216) should be zero and the final force reading (also obtained from force sensor216) should also be zero. Accordingly, the /rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01) determined1900 byocclusion detection process238 should also be zero.
• While the system is described above as determining1906 a final force reading subsequent to dispensing1904first dose240 ofinfusible fluid200, this final force reading may actually be based upon the initial force reading that is taken for the next dose ofinfusible fluid200. Accordingly, by allowing the initial force reading of the second dose ofinfusible fluid200 to provide the data for the final force reading of the first dose ofinfusible fluid200, the total number of force readings made may be reduced by 50%.
• Once the rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01) is determined,occlusion detection process238 may store the rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01) within e.g.,storage cell1800 ofstorage array1802.Storage array1802 may be configured as a FIFO (first in, first out) buffer.Storage array1802 may be configured to allowocclusion detection process238 to maintain a plurality of historical values for the rate-of-change force readings (e.g., FR01) discussed above. A typical embodiment ofstorage array1802 may include twenty or forty individual storage cells. Whilestorage array1802 is illustrated inFIG. 18 as being a multi-column storage array, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure. For example,storage array1802 may be a single column storage array in which only the rate-of-change force readings are stored.
• Occlusion detection process238 may process the historical values of the rate-of-change force readings to determine an average rate-of-change force reading over a desired infusible fluid volume/number of infusion cycles. For example,occlusion detection process238 may determine an average rate-of-change force reading over each forty infusion cycles. Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may determine1908 additional rate-of-change force readings, each of which corresponds to the delivery of additional doses ofinfusible fluid200. For example and for illustrative purposes only,occlusion detection process238 may determine1908 thirty-nine additional rate-of-change force readings for the next thirty-nine infusion cycles. Each of these thirty-nine rate-of-change force readings may be stored in a unique storage cell ofstorage array1802. Oncestorage array1802 is completely full (i.e. contains forty rate-of-change force readings),occlusion detection process238 may determine an average rate-of-change force reading for the set of forty rate-of-change force readings. Once this average rate-of-change force reading is determined,storage array1802 may be cleared and the process of gathering additional rate-of-change force readings may be repeated.
• When determining additional rate-of-change force readings,occlusion detection process238 may determine1910 an initial force reading prior to dispensing the additional dose (e.g., dose242) ofinfusible fluid200. Dose242 of infusible fluid may then be dispensed1912 byinfusion pump assembly100.Occlusion detection process238 may determine1914 a final force reading subsequent to dispensingdose242 ofinfusible fluid200.
• Occlusion detection process238 may determine1908 the additional rate-of-change force readings (e.g., FR2) based, at least in part, upon the initial force reading and the final force reading for each additional dose ofinfusible fluid200. As discussed above, provided that there are no occlusions withine.g. cannula assembly114, the initial force reading (obtained from force sensor216) should be zero and the final force reading (also obtained from force sensor216) should also be zero. Accordingly, the rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR2) determined1908 byocclusion detection process238 should also be zero. As discussed above, once the additional rate-of-change force readings (e.g., FR2) are determined,occlusion detection process238 may store the rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR2) within e.g.,storage cell1804 ofstorage array1802.
• Assume for illustrative purposes that occlusiondetection process238 continues to calculate the rate-of-change force readings in the manner described above and continues to store these calculated rate-of-change force readings withinstorage array1802. Further, assume for illustrative purposes thatinfusion pump assembly100 continues to operate properly (i.e. without any occlusions) for the first thirty-three infusion cycles. Accordingly, the first thirty-three rate-of-change force readings (FR01-FR33) are all zero, as their respective initial force reading and final force reading were all zero. However, assume for illustrative purposes that an occlusion (e.g. occlusion244) occurs withincannula assembly114 prior to calculating the thirty-fourth, rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR34), which is stored withinstorage cell1806. Assume for illustrative purposes that when determining the thirty-fourth rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR34),occlusion detection process238 determines1910 an initial force reading of 0.00 pounds. Wheninfusion pump assembly100 begins to dispense1912 the thirty-fourth dose ofinfusible fluid200, as occlusion244 is present withincannula assembly114, the fluid displaced fromreservoir assembly200 byplunger assembly224 will not be able to pass throughcannula assembly114. Accordingly, the pressure withinreservoir assembly200 will begin to build. Therefore, assume for illustrative purposes that occlusiondetection process238 determines1914 a final force reading of 0.50 pounds. Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may determine1908 the rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR34) to be 0.50 pounds minus 0.00 pounds, for a rate-of-change of 0.50 pounds.
• Due to the presence of occlusion244 withincannula assembly114, whenmotor assembly214 attempts to dispense the next dose ofinfusible fluid200, 0.50 pounds of pressure sensed byforce sensor216 will still be present withinfluid reservoir200. Accordingly, when determining the thirty-fifth rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR35), the initial force reading determined1910 byocclusion detection process238 may be the same as the final force reading determined byocclusion detection process238 when determining the thirty-fourth rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR34)
• Occlusion detection process238 may determine1916 an average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) based, at least in part, upon all or a portion of the rate-of-change force readings included withinstorage array1802. Assume for illustrative purposes that occlusiondetection process238 is configured to consider all rate-of-change force readings (e.g., FR01-FR40) included withinstorage array1802. Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may calculate the mathematical average of all rate-of-change force readings (e.g., FR01-FR40) included withinstorage array1802. In this particular example, average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) has a mathematical value of 0.105 pounds. While the system is described above as being capable of considering all rate-of-change force readings (e.g., FR01-FR40) included withinstorage array1802, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure, as other configurations are possible. For example,occlusion detection process238 may be configured to determine1916 an average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) oncestorage array1802 is populated with e.g., the first five rate-of-change force readings. If determining1916 an average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) prior tostorage array1802 being completely populated, any unpopulated rows withinstorage array1802 may be populated with zeros.
• Occlusion detection process238 may compare1918 the average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) to a threshold rate-of-change force reading to determine if the average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) exceeds the threshold rate-of-change force reading. If the average rate-of-change force reading does not exceed the threshold rate-of-change force reading,infusion pump assembly100 may continue1920 to operate normally. However, if the average rate-of-change force reading exceeds the threshold rate-of-change force reading, an alarm sequence may be initiated1922 oninfusion pump assembly100. For example, assuming for illustrative purposes that occlusiondetection process238 is configured to have a threshold rate-of-change force reading of 0.90 pounds, only after the average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) exceeds 0.90 pounds will the alarm sequence be initiated1920. Thus, in these embodiments, measuring the rate-of-change may ensure alarm sequences are triggered more reliably when actual occlusions have occurred. As described below,user202, in some embodiments, defines the sensitivity of the system.
• The sensitivity ofocclusion detection process238 may be based upon a user-defined sensitivity setting selected1924 by e.g.,user202. For example, assume thatocclusion detection process238 has two sensitivity settings, namely a high sensitivity setting and a low sensitivity setting. Further, assume that each of the sensitivity settings is associated with a unique manner of determining the rate-of-change force readings included withinstorage array1802. As discussed above,occlusion detection process238 is described above as determining1900 a rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01) that corresponds to the delivery offirst dose240 ofinfusible fluid200. Assume that when configured in the high sensitivity setting,occlusion detection process238 may determine1900 a rate-of-change force reading that corresponds to the delivery of a comparatively smaller quantity ofinfusible fluid200. Further, assume that when configured in the low sensitivity setting,occlusion detection process238 may determine1900 a rate-of-change force reading that corresponds to the delivery of a comparatively larger quantity ofinfusible fluid200. For example, assume that when in the high sensitivity setting,occlusion detection process238 determines1900 a rate-of-change force reading that corresponds to the delivery of 0.10 mL ofinfusible fluid200. Further, assume that when in the low sensitivity setting,occlusion detection process238 determines1900 a rate-of-change force reading that corresponds to the delivery of a 0.20mL dose240 ofinfusible fluid200. Accordingly, when placed in the high sensitivity setting, additional measurements are taken andocclusion detection process238 is more responsive. However, false alarms may occur more frequently. Conversely, when placed in the low sensitivity setting, fewer measurements are taken andocclusion detection process238 is less responsive. However, false alarms may occur less frequently due to the “averaging” effect of taking fewer measurements. Accordingly, in order to avoid nuisance alarms (or to reduce the number of alarms), the user (e.g. user202) may select1924 the low sensitivity setting.
• The alarm sequence initiated1922 may include any combination of visual-based (via display system104), audible-based (via a audio system212), and vibration-based alarms (via vibration system210).User202 may be able to select between the high-sensitivity setting and the low-sensitivity setting via one or more ofinput system208 anddisplay system104.
• Whileinfusion pump assembly100 is described above as delivering a plurality of identically-sized doses ofinfusible fluid200 and calculating a rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01) for each dose ofinfusible fluid200, this is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation of this disclosure. Specifically,infusion pump assembly100 may be configured to provide non-identical doses ofinfusible fluid200. Further and as discussed above,infusion pump assembly100 may be configured to allowuser202 to manually administer a “bolus” dose ofinfusible fluid200 in a size determined byuser202. Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may be configured to monitor the volume ofinfusible fluid200 dispensed in each dose and may be configured to populatestorage array1802 so that each rate-of-change force reading (e.g., FR01) included withinstorage array1802 is indicative of the rate-of-change force sensed byocclusion detection process238 when dispensing an equivalent quantity ofinfusible fluid200. Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may be configured to “normalize” the rate-of-change force readings determined based upon the quantity of infusible fluid delivered.
• For example, assume thatocclusion detection process238 is configured so that a storage cell included withinstorage array1802 is populated each time 0.10 mL ofinfusible fluid200 is dispensed. Assume for illustrative purposes only thatuser202 decides to dispense a 0.25 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200. As the 0.25 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 is greater than the 0.10 mL increments at whichocclusion detection process238 is configured to populatestorage array1802,occlusion detection process238 may record multiple entries (and, therefore, populate multiple storage cells) withinstorage array1802 for the single 0.25 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200.
• Specifically, assume that the initial force reading determined1910 prior to delivering the 0.25 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 is 0.00 pounds and the final force reading determined1914 after dispensing1912 the 0.25 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 is 1.00 pounds. As the 0.25 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 is two-and-a-half times the 0.10 mL increments in whichocclusion detection process238 is configured to populate storage array52,occlusion detection process238 may “normalize” this rate-of-change force reading. Specifically,occlusion detection process238 may divide 1.00 pounds by 0.25 mL to determine that the force changed 0.40 pounds per 0.10 mL. Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may calculate a rate-of-change force reading of 0.40 pounds for the first 0.10 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200, 0.40 pounds for the second 0.10 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200, and 0.20 pounds for the last 0.05 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200.
• Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may populatestorage array1802 so that a first storage cell (associated with the first 0.10 mL dose of infusible fluid200) defines an initial force reading of 0.00 pounds, a final force reading of 0.40 pounds and a rate-of-change force reading of 0.40 pounds. Further,occlusion detection process238 may populatestorage array1802 so that a second storage cell (associated with the second 0.10 mL dose of infusible fluid200) defines an additional force reading of 0.40 pounds, a final force reading of 0.80 pounds and a rate-of-change force reading of 0.40 pounds.
• Concerning the remaining 0.05 mL of the 0.25 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200, as this is less than the 0.10 mL increment at whichocclusion detection process238 is configured to populate storage array52, the next cell withinstorage array1802 will not be populated until an additional 0.05 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 is dispensed.
• Continuing with the above-stated example, assume for illustrative purposes thatinfusion pump assembly100 administers a 0.15 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200.Occlusion detection process238 may combine the first 0.05 mL of the 0.15 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 with the remaining 0.05 mL of the 0.25 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 to form a complete 0.10 mL increment for recording withinstorage array1802.
• Again,occlusion detection process238 may “normalize” the 0.15 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200. Assume for illustrative purposes that when dispensing the 0.15 mL ofinfusible fluid200,occlusion detection process238 determines an initial force reading of 1.00 pounds and a final force reading of 1.60 pounds. In the manner described above,occlusion detection process238 may divide 0.60 pounds (i.e., 1.60 pounds minus 1.00 pounds) by 0.15 mL to determine that the force changed 0.40 pounds per 0.10 mL. Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may calculate a rate-of-change force reading of 0.20 pounds for the first 0.05 mL of the 0.15 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200, and 0.40 pounds for the remaining 0.10 mL of the 0.15 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200.
• Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may populatestorage array1802 so that a third storage cell (associated with the combination of the first 0.05 mL of the 0.15 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200 with the remaining 0.05 mL of the 0.25 mL dose of infusible fluid200) defines an initial force reading of 0.80 pounds (i.e., which is the final force reading after the second 0.10 mL of the 0.25 mL dose of infusible fluid200), a final force reading of 1.20 pounds (i.e., the sum of the initial force reading of 1.00 pounds plus the 0.20 pound offset for the first 0.05 mL of the 0.15 mL dose of infusible fluid200) and a rate-of-change force reading of 0.40 pounds. Further,occlusion detection process238 may populatestorage array1802 so that a fourth storage cell (associated with the last 0.10 mL of the 0.15 mL dose of infusible fluid200) defines an initial force reading of 1.20 pounds, a final force reading of 1.60 pounds and a rate-of-change force reading of 0.40 pounds.
• In addition to comparing1918 the average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) to a threshold rate-of-change force reading to determine if the average rate-of-change force reading (e.g., AFR) exceeds the threshold rate-of-change force reading,occlusion detection process238 may compare1926 one or more of the initial force reading and the final force reading to a threshold force reading to determine if either the initial force reading or the final force reading exceeds the threshold force reading. If either of the initial force reading or the final force reading exceeds the threshold force reading, an alarm sequence may be initiated1928 oninfusion pump assembly100.
• For example,occlusion detection process238 may define a threshold force reading, which if exceeded by either the initial force reading (which is determined prior to dispensing a dose of infusible fluid200) or the final force reading (which is determined after dispensing a dose of infusible fluid200), an occlusion is deemed to be occurring. Examples of such a threshold force reading is 4.00 pounds. Therefore, if after dispensing a dose ofinfusible fluid200,occlusion detection process238 determines a final force reading of 5.20 pounds,occlusion detection process238 may initiate1928 an alarm sequence, as 5.20 pounds exceeds the 4.00 threshold force reading. The alarm sequence initiated1928 may include any combination of visual-based (via display system104), audible-based (via audio system212), and vibration-based alarms (via vibration system210).
• As discussed above,infusion pump assembly100 may includeprimary power supply220 configured to powerinfusion pump assembly100. Before and/or after dispensing a dose ofinfusible fluid200,occlusion detection process238 may compare1930 the actual voltage level ofprimary power supply220 to a minimum voltage requirement to determine if the actual voltage level ofprimary power supply220 meets the minimum voltage requirement. If the actual voltage level does not meet the minimum voltage requirement,occlusion detection process238 may initiate1932 an alarm sequence oninfusion pump assembly100. The alarm sequence initiated1932 may include any combination of visual-based (via display system104), audible-based (via audio system212), and vibration-based alarms (via vibration system210). For example, assume for illustrative purposes thatprimary power supply220 is a 5.00 VDC battery. Further, assume that the minimum voltage requirement is 3.75 VDC (i.e., 75% of normal voltage). Accordingly, ifocclusion detection process238 determines1930 that the actual voltage level ofprimary power supply220 is 3.60 VDC,occlusion detection process238 may initiate1932 an alarm sequence oninfusion pump assembly100.
• Additionally,occlusion detection process238 may monitor one or more of the displaceable mechanical components included withininfusion pump assembly100 to determine1934 if one or more displaceable mechanical components included withininfusion pump assembly100 were displaced an expected displacement in response to delivering a dose ofinfusible fluid200. If the displaceable mechanical components monitored were not displaced the expected displacement in response to delivering a dose ofinfusible fluid200,occlusion detection process238 may initiate1936 an alarm sequence oninfusion pump assembly100. The alarm sequence initiated1936 may include any combination of visual-based (via display system104), audible-based (via audio system212), and vibration-based alarms (via vibration system210).
• For example, uponprocessing logic204 energizingmotor assembly214 to dispense 0.10 mL ofinfusible fluid200,occlusion detection process238 may (via displacement detection device218) confirm thatpartial nut assembly226 did indeed move the expected displacement. Accordingly, in the event thatpartial nut assembly226 does not move the expected displacement, a mechanical failure (e.g. the failure ofpartial nut assembly226, the failure oflead screw assembly228, the failure of motor assembly214) may have occurred. In the event that the expected displacement ofpartial nut assembly226 cannot be confirmed,occlusion detection process238 may initiate1936 the alarm sequence oninfusion pump assembly100.
• When determining whetherpartial nut assembly226 was displaced the expected amount, tolerances may be utilized. For example, assume that to deliver a 0.10 mL dose ofinfusible fluid200,occlusion detection process238 may expect to seepartial nut assembly226 displaced 0.050 inches. Accordingly,occlusion detection process238 may utilize a 10% error window in which movement ofpartial nut assembly226 of less than 0.045 inches (i.e., 10% less than expected) would result inocclusion detection process238 initiating1936 the alarm sequence oninfusion pump assembly100.
• In one embodiment ofdisplacement detection device218,displacement detection device218 includes one or more light sources (not shown) positioned on one side ofpartial nut assembly226 and one or more light detectors (not shown) positioned on the other side ofpartial nut assembly226.Partial nut assembly226 may include one or more passages (not shown) through which the light from the one or more light sources (not shown) included withindisplacement detection device218 may shine and may be detected by the one or more light detectors (not shown) included withindisplacement detection device218.
• Referring now toFIG. 20, in some embodiments of the infusion pump system, the infusion pump may be remotely controlled usingremote control assembly2000.Remote control assembly2000 may include all, or a portion of, the functionality of the pump assembly itself. Thus, in some exemplary embodiments of the above-described infusion pump assembly, the infusion pump assembly (not shown, seeFIGS. 1A-1F, amongst other FIGS.) may be configured viaremote control assembly2000. In these particular embodiments, the infusion pump assembly may include telemetry circuitry (not shown) that allows for communication (e.g., wired or wireless) between the infusion pump assembly and e.g.,remote control assembly2000, thus allowingremote control assembly2000 to remotely controlinfusion pump assembly100′. Remote control assembly2000 (which may also include telemetry circuitry (not shown) and may be capable of communicating with infusion pump assembly) may includedisplay assembly2002 and an input assembly, which may include one or more of the following: an input control device (such asjog wheel2006,slider assembly2012, or another conventional mode for input into a device), andswitch assemblies2008,2010. Thus, althoughremote control assembly2000 as shown inFIG. 20 includesjog wheel2006 andslider assembly2012, some embodiments may include only one of eitherjog wheel2006 orslider assembly2012, or another conventional mode for input into a device. In embodiments havingjog wheel2006,jog wheel2006 may include a wheel, ring, knob, or the like, that may be coupled to a rotary encoder, or other rotary transducer, for providing a control signal based upon, at least in part, movement of the wheel, ring, knob, or the like.
• Remote control assembly2000 may include the ability to pre-program basal rates, bolus alarms, delivery limitations, and allow the user to view history and to establish user preferences.Remote control assembly2000 may also includeglucose strip reader2014.
• During use,remote control assembly2000 may provide instructions to the infusion pump assembly via a wireless communication channel established betweenremote control assembly2000 and the infusion pump assembly. Accordingly, the user may useremote control assembly2000 to program/configure the infusion pump assembly. Some or all of the communication betweenremote control assembly2000 and the infusion pump assembly may be encrypted to provide an enhanced level of security.
• A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (19)

1-12. (canceled)

13. A delivery device for delivering an infusion medium to a user, the device comprising:

a disposable housing portion adapted to be secured to a user;

a durable housing portion configured to be selectively engaged with and disengaged from the disposable housing portion to allow disposal of the disposable housing portion without disposing of the durable housing portion;

a reservoir supported by the disposable housing portion, the reservoir having an interior for containing a fluidic medium and a plunger moveable within the interior of the reservoir the plunger having a threaded portion;

a rotatable shaft having a longitudinal axis parallel to and displaced from the longitudinal axis of the reservoir, the rotatable shaft having a threaded portion engaged with the threaded portion of the plunger, wherein rotation of the rotatable shaft causes the rotatable shaft to move along the length of the threaded portion of the plunger to vary the interior volume of the reservoir; and

a drive device supported by the durable housing portion in a position to operatively connect to the rotatable shaft, to selectively rotate the rotatable shaft, when the disposable and durable housing portions are engaged.

14. A delivery device according toclaim 13, wherein:

the durable housing portion has an enclosed interior volume containing the drive device;

the rotatable shaft has a connection end; and

the drive device operatively connects to the connection end of the rotatable shaft through a drive linkage that extends through an aperture in the durable housing portion.

15. A delivery device according toclaim 14, wherein:

the drive linkage includes a connection end for connecting to the connection end of the rotatable shaft; and

the connection end of the drive linkage and the connection end of the rotatable shaft have mating shapes that mate together and allow transfer of rotational motion from the drive linkage to the rotatable shaft, when the disposable and durable housing portions are engaged.

16. A delivery device according toclaim 13, further comprising electrical control circuitry contained in the durable housing portion, wherein the electrical control circuitry controls the delivery of infusion medium from the reservoir to the user when the durable housing portion and the disposable housing portion are engaged.

17. A delivery device according toclaim 13, wherein the disposable housing portion comprises a base portion having a bottom surface and an adhesive material on the bottom surface for securing the disposable housing portion to the skin of the user.

18. A delivery device according toclaim 13, wherein the reservoir includes a septum that may be pierced by a hollow needle for providing a fluid flow path from the interior of the reservoir to the hollow needle.

19. A delivery device according toclaim 13, further comprising an anti-rotation structure to inhibit the plunger from rotating within the reservoir.

20. A delivery device according toclaim 19, wherein the reservoir has an interior surface and wherein the anti-rotation structure comprises at least one projection extending from one of the plunger and the interior surface of the reservoir and at least one channel provided in the other one of the plunger and the interior surface of the reservoir, wherein the at least one projection is configured to extend at least partially into the at least one channel.

21. A delivery device according toclaim 13, wherein the plunger has an outer peripheral surface and at least one seal arranged around the outer peripheral surface, for inhibiting the passage of infusion medium between the outer peripheral surface of the plunger and an interior surface of the reservoir.

22. A method of making a delivery device for delivering an infusion medium to a user, the method comprising:

providing a first housing portion adapted to be secured to a user;

providing a second housing portion configured to be selectively engaged with and disengaged from the first housing portion to allow disposal of the first housing portion without disposing of the second housing portion;

supporting a reservoir on the first housing portion, the reservoir having an interior for containing a fluidic medium;

arranging a plunger within the interior of the reservoir and moveable relative to the reservoir along an axial direction of the reservoir, the plunger having a threaded channel;

arranging a rotatable shaft along the axial direction of the reservoir, extending the rotatable shaft through the threaded channel of the plunger, and operatively engaging a threaded portion of the rotatable shaft with the threaded channel of the plunger, wherein rotation of the rotatable shaft relative to the plunger causes the plunger to move along the length of the threaded portion of the rotatable shaft to vary the interior volume of the reservoir; and

supporting a drive device on the second housing portion in a position to operatively connect to the rotatable shaft, to selectively rotate the rotatable shaft, when the first and second housing portions are engaged.

23. A method according toclaim 22, wherein:

the second housing portion has an enclosed interior volume containing the drive device;

the rotatable shaft has a connection end; and

the method further comprises extending a drive linkage through an aperture in the second housing portion to a position to operatively connect to the connection end of the rotatable shaft when the first and second housing portions are engaged; and

coupling the drive linkage with the drive device, for transmitting drive force from the drive device to the rotatable drive shaft when the first and second housing portions are engaged.

24. A method according toclaim 23, further comprising:

providing the drive linkage with a connection end for connecting to the connection end of the rotatable shaft; and

providing the connection end of the drive linkage and the connection end of the rotatable shaft with mating shapes that mate together and allow transfer of rotational motion from the drive linkage to the rotatable shaft, when the first and second housing portions are engaged.

25. A method according toclaim 22, further comprising supporting electrical control circuitry on the second housing portion, wherein the electrical control circuitry controls the delivery of infusion medium from the reservoir to the user when the first housing portion and the second housing portion are engaged.

26. A method according toclaim 22, wherein providing a first housing portion comprises providing a base portion having a bottom surface and an adhesive material on the bottom surface for securing the base to the skin of the user.

27. A method according toclaim 22, further comprising supporting a septum that may be pierced by a hollow needle for providing a fluid flow path from the interior of the reservoir to the hollow needle.

28. A method according toclaim 22, further comprising providing an anti-rotation structure to inhibit the plunger from rotating within the reservoir.

29. A method according toclaim 22, wherein the reservoir has an interior surface and wherein providing the anti-rotation structure comprises providing at least one projection extending from one of the plunger and the interior surface of the reservoir and providing at least one channel in the other one of the plunger and the interior surface of the reservoir, wherein the at least one projection is configured to extend at least partially into the at least one channel.

30. A method according toclaim 22, further comprising arranging at least one seal around an outer peripheral surface of the plunger, for inhibiting the passage of infusion medium between the outer peripheral surface of the plunger and an interior surface of the reservoir.

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