US20120105637A1 - Multi-Level Video Processing Within A Vehicular Communication Network - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for performing multi-level video processing within a vehicle includes a pre-processing module for determining an encoding mode and enabling one or more levels of encoding based on the encoding mode. The pre-processing module further receives a video stream from a camera attached to the vehicle via a vehicular communication network and encodes the video stream based on the encoding mode to produce a packet stream output. The system further includes a video decoder for receiving the packet stream output and decoding the packet stream output in accordance with the encoding mode to produce a decoded video output.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENTS
• The present U.S. Utility Application claims priority under 35 USC §119(e) to a provisionally filed patent application entitled “Vehicle Communication Network,” having a provisional filing date of Nov. 3, 2010, and a provisional Ser. No. 61/409,904 (Attorney Docket # BP22410), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
• NOT APPLICABLE
INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC
• NOT APPLICABLE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Technical Field of the Invention
• This invention relates generally to communication and more particularly to data and multimedia communication within a vehicle.
• 2. Description of Related Art
• As is known, a vehicle (e.g., automobile, truck, bus, an agricultural vehicle, ship, and/or aircraft) includes a vehicle communication network. The complexity of the vehicle communication network varies depending on the amount of electronic devices within the vehicle. For example, many more advanced vehicles include electronic modules for engine control, transmission control, antilock braking, body control, emissions control, etc. To support the various electronic devices within the vehicle, the automotive industry has generated numerous communication protocols.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a prior art vehicular communication network that illustrates the various bus protocols and the electronic devices that utilize such protocols. The bus protocols include: (1) J1850 and/or OBDII, which are typically used for vehicle diagnostic electronic components; (2) Intellibus, which is typically used for electronic engine control, transmission control other vehicle systems such as climate control, and it may also be used for drive-by-wire electronic control units (ECU); (3) high-speed controller area network (CAN), which is typically used for braking systems and engine management systems; (4) distributed system interface (DSI) and/or Bosch-Siemens-Temic (BST), which is typically used for safety related electronic devices; (5) byteflight, which is typically used for safety critical electronic device applications; (6) local interconnect network (LIN), which is typically used for intelligent actuators and/or intelligent sensors; (7) low-speed controller area network (CAN) and/or Motorola® interconnect (MI), which are typically used for low-speed electronic devices such as Windows, mirrors, seats and/or climate control; (8) mobile media link (MML), domestic digital data (D2B), smartwireX, inter-equipment bus (IEBus), and/or media oriented systems transport (MOST), which are typically used to support multimedia electronic devices within a vehicle such as a audio head unit and amplifiers, CD player, a DVD player, a cellular connection, a Bluetooth connection, peripheral computer connections, rear seat entertainment (RSE) units, a radio, digital storage, and/or a GPS navigation system; (9) Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS), which are typically used to support, heads up display, instrument panel displays, other digital displays, driver assist digital video cameras, and (10) FlexRay, which may be used for safety critical features and/or by-wire applications.
• To enable electronic components using different bus protocols to communicate with each other, one or more bus gateways may be included in the vehicle network. For example, in a safety related issue, a safety ECU may need to communicate with a braking ECU, and engine control ECU, and/or a transmission control ECU. In this example, the bus gateway performs some degree of protocol conversion to facilitate the communication between the ECUs of differing communication protocols.
• In addition to providing multiple vehicle network protocols to support a variety of electronic devices within a vehicle, most vehicle manufacturers are striving for improved fuel efficiency. In this regard, a reduction in weight of 400 pounds is approximately equivalent to reducing continuous power consumption by 100 Watts. As such, by removing weight from a vehicle, fuel efficiency may be improved. As is known, a typical vehicle includes 400 to 600 pounds of wiring, which is the second heaviest component in a vehicle; the engine is the heaviest.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)
• FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a prior art vehicular communication network;
• FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a communication infrastructure in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 12 is a logical diagram of network managing processes for a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a bridge-routing module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a packet egress unit and a packet ingress unit in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a packet egress unit and a packet ingress unit in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a redundancy/backup module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an example of a cable failure within a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 19 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a cable failure within a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of another example of a cable failure within a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 21 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a cable failure within a network fabric in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 22 is an example diagram of a network topology database in accordance with the present invention;
• FIGS. 23-26 are examples of network fabric spanning tree configurations in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 27 is a diagram of an embodiment of a modified network frame/packet in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 28 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 29 is an example diagram of processing a mission critical packet within a vehicle communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 30 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a mission critical packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 31 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a mission critical packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 32 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 33 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a switch module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 34 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a switch module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 35 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 36 is an example diagram of packet queues within a vehicle communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIGS. 37-40 are example diagrams of packet queue processing within a vehicle communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 41 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 42 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 43 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 44 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 45 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 46 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 47 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 48 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 49 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 50 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 51 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 52 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 53 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 54 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 55 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 56 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 57 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 58 is a schematic block diagram of an example of an occupant environment in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 59 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing occupant sensed data in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 60 is a diagram of an example of a moving recording time window in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 61 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle black box in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 62 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a vehicle black box in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 63 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of power distribution within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 64 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of power distribution within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 65 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for controlling power distribution within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 66 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for controlling power distribution within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 67 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network interface within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 68A is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for managing devices coupled to a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 68B is a schematic diagram of a network node module for managing devices coupled to a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 69 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for adding a device to a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 70A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a new device coupled to a switch module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 70B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a new device added to a network node module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 71 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a damaged device of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 72 is an example diagram of an embodiment of network and/or resource planning within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 73 is an example diagram of an embodiment of a packet queue for concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 74 is an example diagram of concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 75 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 76 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 77 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 78 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a packet egress unit and a packet ingress unit of a data bridge in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 79 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 80 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 81 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 82 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 83 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 84 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for storing data by a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 85 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 86 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a data bridge within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 87 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wired and wireless network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 87A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wireless network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 88 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a bridge/routing module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 89 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of egress units, an egress sync module, and a packet egress unit of a bridge/routing module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 90 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of ingress units, an ingress sync module, and a packet ingress unit of a bridge/routing module in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 91 is a diagram of an example of frequency bands and channels of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 92 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for wired and wireless packet processing within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 93 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a switch module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 94 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a switch module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 95 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a network node module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 96 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a network node module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 97 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a network node module within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 98 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wireless waveguide network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 99 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle component having an integrated waveguide of a wireless network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 100 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of infotainment modules coupled to a network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 101 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an infotainment modules coupled to a network fabric of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 102 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing high resolution video content of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIGS. 103-105 are example diagrams of an embodiment of processing 3D video within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 106 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of commercial insertion within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 107 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for commercial insertion within a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 108 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for expanding memory of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 109 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for vehicular charging in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 110 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for fuel consumption optimization in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 111 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for fuel consumption optimization in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 112 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multi-level pre-processing module of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 113 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multi-level video decoding module of a vehicular communication network in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 114 is a diagram of an example of a pre-processing video in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 115 is a diagram of an example of a low latency video packet organization in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 116 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for multi-level video processing in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 117 is a diagram of an example of a using multi-level video in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 118 is a diagram of another example of a using multi-level video in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 119 is a diagram of an example of video content authorization in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 120 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for video content authorization in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 121 is a diagram of an example of resource sharing in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 122 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for resource sharing in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 123 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for resource sharing in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 124 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a power management module in accordance with the present invention; and
• FIG. 125 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of method for power management in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
• FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a communication system that includesvehicles10, ahome network12, asatellite transceiver14, acellular network16, ahighway wireless network18, theInternet20, anautomobile service provider22, aserver24, anautomobile manufacturer26,government28, and/orautomobile marketing30. In this system, eachvehicle10 includes a packet/frame-based communication network that enables it to communicate with other vehicles, with itshome network12, with the satellite transceiver14 (GPS, satellite radio, satellite TV, satellite communication, etc.), with thecellular network16, and/or with thehighway wireless network18. Note that thehighway wireless network18 may include a plurality of wireless transceivers located proximal to highways, roads, rest areas, etc.
• In an example of operation, avehicle10 may communicate with an automobile service provider22 (e.g., engine tune-up, brake system, a transmission system, etc.) via thecellular network16, thehighway wireless network18, and/or itshome network12. Such a communication includes thevehicle10 transmitting data regarding its operational status (e.g., number of hours since last engine tune-up, wear & tear on the break system, brake fluid level, oil level, transmission fluid level, etc.). Theautomobile service provider22 interprets the operational status data to determine if thevehicle10 is in need of service and/or if a component failure is likely to occur in the near future. Based on this interpretation, theautomobile service provider22 sends data to the vehicle indicating whether service is needed and may further include data to schedule an appointment for such service.
• In another example of operation, avehicle10 collects data regarding its performance (e.g., fuel efficiency, component wear & tear, real-time engine control, real-time braking system control, real-time transmission control, etc.), which it transmits to theauto manufacturer26. Theauto manufacturer26 utilizes the data for a variety of purposes, such as improving future designs, determining need for recalls, etc.
• In yet another example of operation, avehicle10 may communicate with a server to upload data and/or download data. As a more specific example, the server may provide streaming video of television shows, movies, etc. For a subscription fee, thevehicle10 downloads the streaming video for display on rear seat entertainment systems and/or other displays within the vehicle. As another specific example, thevehicle10 may upload data (e.g., video taken by cameras of the car, user data contained on a laptop computer, video game inputs and/or controls, etc.) to the server.
• In a further example of operation, thevehicle10 may communicate with a government agency28 (e.g., driver motor vehicle) to update registration information, insurance information, etc. As another example, thevehicle10 may communicate specific performance information (e.g., general vehicle operation, emissions test, etc.) with thegovernment agency28 for compliance with different government programs (e.g., emissions control, safety check, etc.).
• In a still further example of operation, thevehicle10 may receive marketing information from an auto-marketing provider30. For instance, thevehicle10 may receive commercial information based on the vehicle's location, driver's interests, recent communications to and/or from the vehicle, etc.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a unified network fabric32 (e.g., Ethernet-based), one ormore communication links34, agateway36, a plurality of vehicle control modules38, anetwork manager40, apower manager42, one ormore processing modules44,memory46, and/or one or moremultimedia processing modules48. The communication links34 may include wired and/or wireless interfaces to support connectivity with cellular devices, Bluetooth devices, infrared devices, and/or computer peripheral devices. For example, a Bluetooth transceiver may be coupled to theunified network fabric32 to support Bluetooth communications with a portable audio/video unit, with a headset, etc.
• Thenetwork fabric32 includes a plurality of bridge-routing modules and a plurality of switch modules (examples of which are shown inFIGS. 13 and 87). Within thenetwork fabric32, a bridge-routing module is redundantly coupled to one or more adjacent bridge-routing modules and a switch module is redundantly coupled to one or more bridge-routing modules. Thenetwork fabric32 may be divided into sub-network fabrics that are coupled together via a data bridge. As an example, the network fabric includes a data bridge, a first sub-network fabric operably coupled to first sub-set of the vehicle control modules, and a second sub-network fabric operably coupled to second sub-set of the vehicle control modules. The data bridge facilitates (e.g., initiates, issues an instruction, performs, etc.) communication of a sub-set of the packets between the first and second sub-network fabrics. Further examples of the network fabric being partitioned into sub-network fabrics are shown inFIGS. 4,5, and one or more of the remaining subsequent figures.
• Thegateway36 may include one or more wireless transceivers to support communication with the highway network, with a home network, and/or to support diagnostic ports for communication with the automobile service providers, the automobile manufacturers, etc. Such a wireless transceiver includes a network interface, which enables it to connect to theunified network fabric32.
• A vehicle control module38 may be one or more processing modules, a network node module, an electronic control unit, and/or a vehicle assembly. As an example, a vehicle control module38 (which may also be referred to as a network node module) includes a network interface and at least one device. If the device is an analog device, the vehicle control module38 further includes an analog to digital converter and/or a digital to analog converter. Such devices may include a sensor, an actuator, an intelligent sensor, an intelligent actuator, an electronic control unit (ECU), and/or a control device. As another example, a vehicle assembly includes a switching circuit module, a plurality of network interfaces operably coupled to the switch circuit module, and a plurality of devices operably coupled to the plurality of network interfaces. Various examples of vehicle control modules will be discussed in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 41-57.
• Thenetwork manager40 performs a variety of functions to coordinate packet communication within the vehicle communication network and to facilitate network resource management. For example, thenetwork manager40 coordinate communication of packets, via thenetwork fabric32, among the vehicle control modules38, thememory46, and the multimedia processing module(s)48 based on individual content of the packets and in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol. The global vehicle network communication protocol includes information regarding a network fabric formatting of the packets, (e.g., packet format as shown inFIG. 26), information regarding packet transmission prioritization schemes (e.g., mission critical packets having a higher priority, infotainment (information and/or entertainment) packets having a lower priority, etc.), information regarding network management processing (e.g., network fabric resources and devices coupled to the network fabric), and information regarding vehicle network operation parameters (e.g., network configuration management).FIGS. 28-32 illustrate one or more examples of packet communication in accordance with the global network communication protocol.
• As another example, thenetwork manager40 facilitates (e.g., initiates, issues an instruction, performs, etc.) network resource management to support the communication of packets via the network fabric in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol. For instance, thenetwork manager40 performs access prioritization management, bandwidth allocation management, packet redundancy management, link redundancy management, data transmission latency management, link diagnostics, network security, virtual local area network setup, legacy packet/frame management, adding and/or deleting devices from access to the network, etc.
• Thepower manager42 functions in concert with thenetwork manager40 to optimize power consumption of theunified network fabric32 and/or the devices coupled thereto. For instance, thepower manager42 may manage the devices individually, may manage and island of devices, and/or may manage power to network interfaces. Such power management includes a sleep-wake mode, an on-off power mode, in-use power consumption reduction techniques (e.g., reduce power supply voltage, reduced clock rate, current limit, etc.), and/or utilizing low power communication links at the physical layer.
• Theprocessing modules44 may implement one or more electronic control units (ECU), one or more control units, one or more steer by wire controllers, one or more drive by wire controllers, one or more central processing units, one or more co-processing units, and/or one or more other controllers. Theprocessing module44 may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions. Theprocessing module44 may have an associated memory and/or memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of the processing module. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that if theprocessing module44 includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that when theprocessing module44 implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memory element stores, and theprocessing module44 executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures.
• Thememory46 may be a variety of memory devices such as nonvolatile memory, volatile memory, disk drive, memory, solid-state memory, and/or any other type of memory. Thememory46 may be used for storing multi-media files (e.g., video files, audio files, etc.), electronic control unit applications, multimedia applications, diagnostic data, performance data, and/or any other data associated with the use and/or performance of the vehicle.
• Themultimedia processing module48 provides audio, video, text, and/or graphics processing for the vehicle. For instance, themultimedia processing module48 supports a GPS navigation system, provides rendered video and/or graphic images to displays, processes digital images received by cameras, and/or provides images to other audio/video equipment within the vehicle. Themultimedia processing module48 may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions. Themultimedia processing module48 may have an associated memory and/or memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of the processing module. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that if themultimedia processing module48 includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that when themultimedia processing module48 implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memory element stores, and themultimedia processing module48 executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures.
• In an example of operation, a vehicle control module (e.g., a sensor) generates a packet in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol (e.g., formats the packet in accordance with the information regarding a network fabric formatting of the packets, (e.g., packet format as shown inFIG. 26)). The vehicle control module then transmits the packet via the network fabric in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol. For instance, the network fabric routes the packet based on content type of the packet (and the destination address) to another vehicle control module and/or to the multimedia processing module.
• The multimedia processing module may also generate a packet in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol and subsequently transmits it via the network fabric in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol. The network fabric routes the packet based on content type of the packet (and the destination address) to the vehicle control module, the other vehicle control module, and/or to the multimedia processing module.
• In such a vehicle communication network, theunified network fabric32 has an Ethernet bus structure (or other packet/frame structure) that enables packet/frame-based communication among the plurality of electronic devices within a vehicle. In addition, the vehicle communication network is a semi-static network thereby allowing preconfigured spanning trees to be utilized for fast reconfiguration of the network; has configured dedicated bandwidth allocation for at least some of the devices to ensure a particular level of data throughput for mission critical and some non-mission critical applications; supports virtualized local area networks; supports a centralized and/or distributed bus monitoring system; utilizes a new class of packets for car control; supports security and authentication of device replacement and or new device installment; supports lossless Ethernet transmissions through redundant paths; supports a low latency protocol for mission-critical packets; and/or supports fast link fail-over.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that is divided into two sub-networks coupled together via adata bridge64. The first sub-network supports mission-critical devices and mission-critical functions (e.g., safety related devices and/or functions, engine control devices and/or functions, braking devices and/or functions, video imaging devices and or functions related to safety and/or critical operation of the vehicle, etc.). In this example, the mission-critical network fabric50 is coupled to a mission-criticalmultimedia processing module52, mission-critical memory54, one or more mission-critical processing modules56, one or more mission-criticalvehicle control modules58, one or more mission-critical communication links60, thenetwork manager62, thedata bridge64, and thepower manager66.
• The second sub-network supports non-mission critical devices and/or functions (e.g., video game, GPS navigation, audio/video playback, window operation, seat operation, climate control, etc.). In this example, the non-missioncritical network fabric68 is coupled to agateway70, one or morelocal ports72, non-critical processmultimedia processing module74, non-mission-critical memory76, one or more non-mission-critical processing modules78, one or more non-mission-criticalvehicle control modules80, one or more non-mission-critical communication links82, thenetwork manager62, thedata bridge64, and thepower manager66. Note that thelocal port72 provides wireless and/or wired connectivity to one or more smart devices84 (e.g., a cell phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, etc.).
• The data bridge64 (which will be described in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 76-86) provides coupling between the two network fabrics. For instance, if a mission-critical packet is to be broadcast throughout the network (e.g., both the mission-critical network fabric50 and the non-mission-critical fabric68), thedata bridge64 receives the packet from the mission-critical network fabric50, interprets it to determine that is a broadcast packet and is of a mission-critical nature. Based on this interpretation, thedata bridge64 forwards the mission-critical packet to the non-missioncritical network fabric68 for transmission therein. Thedata bridge64 also processes packets from the non-missioncritical network fabric68 for transmission within the mission-critical network fabric50. In this instance, thedata bridge64 interprets the non-mission critical packet to determine whether it should be provided to the mission-critical network fabric50. If so, thedata bridge64 forwards the packet to the mission-critical network fabric50.
• Thenetwork manager62 andpower manager66 generally function as described with reference toFIG. 3 and as subsequently described in one or more of the following figures. Note that thedata bridge64,network manager62, andpower manager66 may be separate devices, may be within a common device, or a combination thereof. Further note that while the vehicle communication network is divided into two network fabrics, it may be divided into three or more network fabrics based on functional relationships.
• FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that is divided into two sub-networks coupled together via adata bridge102. The first sub-network supports vehicle operation devices and functions and the second sub-network supports info-tainment devices and functions. For instance, the vehicleoperation network fabric88 is coupled to one or more vehicle operation multimedia processing modules90 (e.g., GPS, collision detection/avoidance, etc.), one or more vehicleoperation memory devices92, one or more vehicleoperation processing modules94, one more vehicleoperation control modules94, one of more vehicle operation communication links98, thenetwork manager100, thedata bridge102, and thepower manager104.
• The second sub-network fabric is coupled to agateway108, then information/entertainmentmultimedia processing module110, and information/entertainment memory112, and information/entertainment processing module114, one or more information/entertainment control modules116, one or more information/entertainment communication links118, thenetwork manager100, thedata bridge102, and thepower manager104. The information/entertainment may include audio and/or video playback of audio/video files, recording images captured by the vehicle's cameras, video games, etc.
• FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes aunified network fabric124, one ormore communication links126, agateway128, thenetwork manager130, thepower manager132, one of moremultimedia processing modules134, a plurality of user input and/or output interfaces136 (e.g., seat adjust, windowed control, radio control, mirror control, GPS control, cruise control, etc.), and a plurality of network node modules. Each of the network node modules includes a network interface for coupling to the unified network fabric and at least one device.
• The devices may include one or more of each of an engine management electronic control unit138, an engine management actuator140, an engine management sensor142, an engine control electronic control unit144, an engine control actuator146, an engine control sensor148, a diagnostic electronic control unit150, a diagnostic sensor152, a diagnostic actuator154, a window electronic control unit156, a window actuator158, a window sensor160, a mirror electronic control unit162, a mirror actuator164, a mirror sensor166, a seat electronic control unit168, a seat actuator170, a seat sensor172, a climate electronic control unit174, a climate actuator176, a climate sensor178, a safety sensor electronic control unit180, a safety actuator182, a safety sensor184, a safety critical application electronic control unit186, a safety critical actuator188, a safety critical sensor190, a braking system electronic control unit192, a breaking actuator194, a breaking sensor196, a by-wire application electronic control unit198, a by-wire actuator200, a by-wire sensor202, a transmission control electronic control unit204, a transmission sensor206, a transmission actuator208, a vehicle system electronic control unit210, a vehicle system actuator212, a vehicle system Sensor214, a DVD player216, a cellular telephone interface218, a Bluetooth interface220, a computer peripheral interface222, a rear seat entertainment interface and/or unit224, a radio226, digital storage228, a CD player230, a camera232, a display234, a heads-up display236, a GPS navigation system238, an infrared sensor240, a radio frequency sensor242, an intelligent actuator244, and/or an intelligent sensor246.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes aunified network fabric124, one ormore communication links126, agateway128, thenetwork manager130, thepower manager132, one of moremultimedia processing modules134, a plurality of processing modules248-254, and a plurality of network node modules. Each of the processing modules and each of the network node modules include a network interface for coupling to theunified network fabric124 and at least one device. The network node modules may be similar to the modules ofFIG. 6.
• Each of the processing modules performs one or more functions. For instance, one of the processing modules may perform the electronic control functions for the engine, which include, but are not limited to, engine management, vehicle system operations, engine control, and engine diagnostics. Another processing module may perform user environment electronic control functions, which include, but are not limited to, window operation, seat operation, mirror operation, and climate control. Yet another processing module may perform safety related electronic control functions, which include, but are not limited to, critical safety issues (e.g., air bags) and general safety issues (e.g., turn signal, brake lights, etc.). Still another processing module may perform vehicle operation electronic control functions, which include, but are not limited to, by-wire operations, transmission control, braking control, etc.
• FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a missioncritical network fabric256, a non-missioncritical network fabric258, thedata bridge260, thenetwork manager130, and thepower manager132. The mission-critical network fabric256 is coupled to a plurality of mission-critical network node modules, which include one ormore communication links126, an engine managementelectronic control unit138, one or moreengine management actuators140, one or moreengine management sensors142, an engine controlelectronic control unit144, one or moreengine control actuators146, one or moreengine control sensors148, a safety critical applicationselectronic control unit190, one or more safetycritical actuators186, one or more safetycritical sensors188, a safetyelectronic control unit180, one ormore safety actuators182, one ormore safety sensors184, one or moreinfrared sensors240, onemore RF sensors242, a by-wire orelectronic control unit198, one or more by-wire actuators200, one or more by-wire sensors202, a transmissionelectronic control unit204, one ormore transmission sensors206, one ormore transition actuators208, a braking systemelectronic control unit192, one ormore breaking actuators194, onemore breaking sensors196, a vehicle systemelectronic control unit210, one or more vehicle system actuators212, one or morevehicle system sensors214, a mission-criticalmulti-media processing module262, and/or one more mission-critical cameras264.
• The non-missioncritical network fabric258 is coupled to a plurality of non-mission critical network node modules, which include one ormore communication links126, one or moremultimedia processing modules134, a windowelectronic control unit156, one ormore window actuators158, one ormore window sensors160, a mirrorelectronic control units162, one or moreminor actuators164, one or moreminor sensors166, a seatelectronic control unit168, one ormore seat actuators170, one ormore seat sensors172, a climateelectronic control unit174, one ormore climate actuators176, one ormore climate sensors178, a diagnosticelectronic control unit150, one or morediagnostic sensors152, one or morediagnostic actuators154, agateway128, aDVD player216, acellular telephone interface218, aBluetooth interface220, one or more computerperipheral interfaces222, a rear seat entertainment unit and/orinterface224, aradio226,digital storage228, aCD player230, one ormore cameras232, one ormore displays234, a heads-updisplay236, aGPS navigation system238, one or moreintelligent actuators244, one or moreintelligent sensors246, and/or one or more user input and/or output interfaces136.
• FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a vehicleoperation network fabric266, an information/entertainment (infotainment)network fabric268, thedata bridge260, thenetwork manager130, and thepower manager132. The vehicle operation network fabric266 is coupled to a plurality of vehicle operation network node modules, which include one or more communication links126, an engine management electronic control unit138, one or more engine management actuators140, one or more engine management sensors142, an engine control electronic control unit144, one or more engine control actuators146, one or more engine control sensors148, a safety critical applications electronic control unit190, one or more safety critical actuators186, one or more safety critical sensors188, a safety electronic control unit180, one or more safety actuators182, one or more safety sensors184, one or more infrared sensors240, one more RF sensors242, a by-wire or electronic control unit198, one or more by-wire actuators200, one or more by-wire sensors202, a transmission electronic control unit204, one or more transmission sensors206, one or more transition actuators208, a braking system electronic control unit192, one or more breaking actuators194, one more breaking sensors196, a vehicle system electronic control unit210, one or more vehicle system actuators212, one or more vehicle system sensors214, a vehicle operation multi-media processing module270, one more vehicle operation cameras272, a window electronic control unit156, one or more window actuators158, or more window sensors160, a mirror electronic control units162, one or more mirror actuators164, one or more minor sensors166, a seat electronic control unit168, one or more seat actuators170, one or more seat sensors172, a climate electronic control unit174, one or more climate actuators176, one or more climate sensors178, a diagnostic electronic control unit150, one or more diagnostic sensors152, one or more diagnostic actuators154.
• The infotainmentcritical network fabric268 is coupled to a plurality of infotainment network node modules, which include one ormore communication links126, one or moremultimedia processing modules134, agateway128, aDVD player216, acellular telephone interface218, aBluetooth interface220, one or more computerperipheral interfaces222, a rear seat entertainment unit and/orinterface224, a radio,digital storage226, aCD player230, one ormore cameras232, one ormore displays234, a heads-updisplay236, aGPS navigation system238, one or moreintelligent actuators244, one or moreintelligent sensors246, and/or one or more user input and/or output interfaces136.
• FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes aunified network fabric124, a plurality of assemblies, one ormore communication links126, agateway128, anetwork manager130, one ormore processing modules274, one or more ofmultimedia processing modules134, and apower manager132. The plurality of assemblies include a leftrear assembly276, a leftrear tire assembly278, a left rightpassenger door assembly280, adriver door assembly282, a leftfront tire assembly284, a leftfront assembly286, a rear leftpassenger seat assembly288, a driver'sseat assembly290, asteering wheel assembly292, abraking assembly294, atransmission assembly296, acenter front assembly298, anengine assembly300, a rightfront assembly302, a rightfront tire assembly304, a frontpassenger door assembly306, a rear rightpassenger door assembly308, a rightrear tire assembly310, a rightrear assembly312, adashboard assembly314, a frontpassenger seat assembly316, a right rearpassenger seat assembly318, and arear center assembly320.
• An assembly includes a switching circuit, a plurality of network interfaces, and a plurality of devices. For example, the left front, right front, left rear and right rear assemblies each may include a switching circuit, a plurality of network interfaces, a plurality of digital to analog converters, a plurality of analog to digital converters, one or more headlamp actuators, one or more taillight actuators, one or more cameras, were more like sensors, were more RF sensors, one or more IR sensors, and or one or more environmental sensors. The various assemblies will be described in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 48-57. Note that more or less assemblies may be coupled to theunified network fabric124.
• FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a vehicular communication network that includes a mission-critical network fabric322, a non-missioncritical network fabric324, thenetwork manager130, thepower manager132, and thedata bridge260. The mission-critical network fabric322 is coupled to one ofmore communication links126, one ormore processing modules274, and a plurality of assemblies. The non-missioncritical network fabric322 is coupled to thegateway128, one ormore communication links126, one or moremultimedia processing modules134, one ormore processing modules274, and a plurality of assemblies.
• Of the plurality of assemblies, some are coupled to the mission-critical network fabric322, some are coupled to the non-missioncritical network fabric324, and some are coupled to both network fabrics. For instance, the leftrear assembly276, the leftrear tire assembly278, the left rightpassenger door assembly280, thedriver door assembly282, the leftfront tire assembly284, the leftfront assembly286, thedashboard assembly314, thesteering wheel assembly392, thecenter front assembly298, the rightfront assembly302, the rightfront tire assembly304, the frontpassenger door assembly306, the right rearpassenger door assembly308, the rightrear tire assembly310, and the rightrear assembly312, and the centerrear assembly320 are each coupled to both network fabrics. In this embodiment, each of these assemblies includes one or more mission-critical devices (e.g., airbag sensor, airbag actuator, collision indication, collision avoidance, etc.) and one or more non-mission critical devices (e.g., tire pressure sensor, window user interface, etc.).
• Theengine assembly300,transmission assembly296, andbraking assembly294 are coupled to the mission-critical network fabric322. The rear leftpassenger seat assembly288, thedriver seat assembly290, the frontpassenger seat assembly316, and the right rearpassenger seat assembly318 are coupled to the non-missioncritical network fabric324.
• FIG. 12 is a diagram ofnetwork managing processes326 for a vehicular communication network that includes four high-level management functions:resource management328, networkdata type management330, network configuration management332, anddevice management334.Resource management328 includes, but is not limited to, linkfailure management336,link degeneration management338, management of communication between bridge/routing modules340, management of communication between bridge/routing modules and switching modules, management of communication switching modules and network node modules,frequency allocation342,bandwidth allocation344, adding deleting or updating a bridge/routing module346, adding deleting or updating a network node module, and/or adding deleting or updating aswitch module348. Theresource management328 tasks will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more of the subsequent figures.
• The networkdata type management330 includes, but is not limited to, managing classification, routing, forwarding, and/or filtering of a packets between modules of thenetwork fabric350, managing the network topology and packet transmissions thereof352, managing transmission of mission-critical packets354, managing transmission of information/entertainment packets356, and managing transmission ofvehicle operation packets358. The networking data type management tasks will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more of the subsequent figures.
• The network configuration management332 includes, but is not limited to, network andresource planning360, managing semi-static spanningtree configurations362,network resource allocation364, managingtraffic routing366, managing load-balancing368, managingencryption370, managingsecurity372, andfault tolerance management374. The network configuration management tasks will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more of the subsequent figures.
• Thedevice management334 includes, but is not limited to, updatingdevices376, adding devices to thenetwork378, deleting devices from thenetwork380, and managing the damage devices coupled to thenetwork382. The device management tasks will be discussed in greater detail with reference to one or more of the subsequent figures.
• FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of anetwork fabric384 that includes a plurality of bridge-routingmodules386 and a plurality ofswitch modules388. Theswitch modules388 are coupled to one or morenetwork node modules390 and to at least one bridge-routingmodule386. Each of the bridge-routingmodules386 are coupled to at least oneswitching module388 and at least one other bridge-routingmodule386. The coupling between bridge-routingmodules386 and between bridge-routingmodules386 and switchmodules388 includes multiple cables (e.g., unshielded twisted pair, shielded twisted pair, coaxial cable,category 5 or 6 cables, fiber optics, etc.).
• Thenetwork fabric384 may be used within theunified network fabric384 or the multiple network fabric communication networks of the preceding figures. Note that more or less switchingmodules388 and bridge-routingmodules386 may be included in thenetwork fabric384. Further note that the multiple connections between switchingmodules388 and bridge-routingmodules386 may include two or more cables where one of the cables is active and the other is used for fail over or redundancy. Still further note that anetwork node module390 may be directly connected to a bridge-routingmodule386.
• FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a bridge-routingmodule386 that includes a plurality of interface circuits, e.g. redundancy/backup modules392, apacket egress unit394, apacket ingress unit396, aprocessing module398, andmemory400. Theprocessing module398 is configured to implement a localnetwork management function401, abridging function403, and or arouting function405. Thememory400 stores network information in one or more tables and/or databases. For instance, thememory400 may store aforwarding database402, afiltering database404, a routing table406, anetwork protocol database408, and information/entertainment database410, avehicle operations database412, a mission-critical database414, and a predetermined network topology database416.
• In an example of operation, one of the redundancy/backup modules392 receives apacket418. Thepacket418 is routed to thepacket ingress unit396, where the localnetwork management function401 interprets thepacket418. Such an interpretation includes determining the type of packet (e.g., mission critical, network data, info-entertainment, vehicle operation, etc.). Determining the type of packet can include determining the type of content carried by the packet, i.e. the packet content type. Having identified thepacket418, and the packet content type, the localnetwork management function401 determines the processing for thepacket418 and then processes thepacket418 accordingly. Determining the processing for thepacket418 includes, in some embodiments, determining packet routing parameters based on the packet content type.
• As a specific example, when the localnetwork management function401 determines that thepacket418 is related to a vehicle operation, it accesses thevehicle operation database412 to determine if any specific processing is to be performed and/or priority of thepacket418, source, and/or destination. If no specific processing is to be performed, theprocessing module398 evokes thebridging function403 and/or therouting function405 to forward or route thepacket418 to another bridge-routing module, to a switch module, or locally via one of the redundancy/backup modules392 in accordance with its priority level. Note that the bridging, which uses theforwarding database402, is done at a data link layer using MAC addresses of physical devices and the routing, which uses the routing table406, is done at the network layer and uses IP addresses, which may not be tied to a physical device. Further note that the bridging and/or routing function may use thefiltering database404 to preclude forwarding of a packet to a particular device or IP address identified in thefiltering database404.
• If the localnetwork management function401 determines that thepacket418 does have specific performance requirements (e.g., store the data inmemory400, forward to the gateway for transmission to an external device, etc.), the localnetwork management function401 processes thepacket418 accordingly. Depending on the nature of the specific performance requirements, theprocessing module398 may also evoke thebridging function403 and/orrouting function405 to route thepacket418 to another bridge-routingmodule386, to a switch module, and/or locally to another redundant/backup module392.
• Prior to forwarding thepacket418 to another bridge-routingmodule386, or switch module, the localnetwork management function401 may access thenetwork protocol database408 to determine if a particular type of communication with the other bridge-routingmodule386 or switching module is used. For example, most communications within the network fabric will use a default communication protocol (e.g., 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps Ethernet), however, some communications within the network fabric may deviate from the default communication protocol. For instance, between two bridge-routing modules, 10 Gb Ethernet may be used or non-standard speeds such as 200 Mbps, or 2.5 Gbps Ethernet may be used between a particular bridge-routingmodule386 and a particular switch module.
• As another specific example, thepacket418 may relate to a mission-critical function. In this instance, theprocessing module398 accesses the mission-critical database414 to determine its mission-critical priority level and other routing and/or forwarding aspects and parameters. Based on this information, the localnetwork management function401 processes thepacket418.
• If thepacket418 relates to network data, theprocessing module398 accesses the predetermined network topology database416, which may include a listing of preconfigured spanning tree network topologies. In this instance, the network packet is sent due to a link failure, which requires reconfiguration of the network. By accessing the network topology database416, the bridge-routingmodule386 quickly reconfigures based on the spanning tree network topology selected.
• After theprocessing module398 has processed thepacket418, thepacket egress unit394 receives the processed packet. Based on information received from theprocessing module398, thepacket ingress unit396 places thepacket418 in a queue for subsequent transmission via one of the redundancy-backup modules392.
• FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of apacket egress unit394 and apacket ingress unit396, which are coupled to theprocessing module398. Thepacket ingress unit396 includes a plurality of ports, aswitching circuit420, and aningress buffer422. Thepacket egress unit394 includes a firstlogical multiplexer424, one or more packet egress queues, a secondlogical multiplexer246, aswitching circuit428, and a plurality of ports.
• In an example of operation, thepacket ingress unit396 receives a packet via one of the ports, which are coupled to the redundancy/backup modules. Theswitching circuit420, which may include a plurality of switches and a control unit to couple one of the ports to be switching circuit output, outputs the packet to theingress buffer422 and to theprocessing module398. Theprocessing module398 interprets the packet to determine its priority within theingress buffer422 and to determine its priority within thepacket egress unit394. For example, if the packet is determined to be a high priority packet, theprocessing module398 will place the packet at the front of theingress buffer422 such that it is the next packet to be provided to thepacket egress unit394.
• The firstlogical multiplexer424 of thepacket egress unit394 receives a packet from thepacket ingress unit396. Based on acontrol signal430 from theprocessing module398, the firstlogical multiplexer424 routes the packets to one of a plurality of packet egress queues. Each of the packet egress queues may be used for a specific type of packets, or packets having a specific type of content. For example, a first packet egress queue may be used for mission-critical packets, a second packet egress queue may use for vehicle operation packets, a third packet egress queue may be used for entertainment packets, etc. In the alternative, the packet egress unit may omit the firstlogical multiplexer424 by using a single packet egress queue.
• Theprocessing module398 controls the packet's prioritization placement in the selected queue based on the priority level of the packet. For example, if the packet is a safety related mission-critical packet, it may be placed at the front of the mission critical packet egress queue such that it is the next packet to be outputted by thepacket egress unit394.
• With multiple packets in the packet egress queues, theprocessing module398 selects one of the packets to be outputted via the secondlogical multiplexer426 to theswitching circuit428. For example, theprocessing module398 may access one or more of the databases to determine a prioritization scheme to determine the packet having the current highest priority. The packet with the current highest priority is outputted via the secondlogical multiplexer428 to theswitching circuit428, which outputs the packet to one of the egress ports.
• FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of apacket egress unit394 and apacket ingress unit396, which are coupled to theprocessing module398. Thepacket ingress unit396 includes a plurality of ports, aswitching circuit420, a toppriority processing unit432, and aningress buffer422. Thepacket egress unit394 includes a firstlogical multiplexer424, one or more packet egress queues, a secondlogical multiplexer426, aswitching circuit428, and a plurality of ports.
• In an example of operation, thepacket ingress unit396 receives a packet via one of the ports, which are coupled to the redundancy/backup modules. Theswitching circuit420 outputs the packet to the toppriority processing unit432. The toppriority processing unit432 interprets the packet to determine its priority. If the packet is a top priority packet (e.g., a packet of the highest priority), the toppriority processing unit432 forwards the packet directly to theswitching circuit428 of thepacket egress unit394 for immediate transmission via one of the ports. In this instance, if theswitching circuit428 is currently outputting a packet, the top priority packet may interrupt the packet.
• In addition, the toppriority processing units432 provides its interpretation of the packets to theprocessing module398. For top priority packets, theprocessing module398 takes a snapshot of thecurrent ingress buffer422 and the packet egress queues such that if the top priority interrupts a current packet transmission, the packet transmission may be resumed once the top priority packet has been transmitted. If the current packet is not a top priority packet, theprocessing module398 processes it as previously discussed with reference toFIG. 15.
• FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle network link module within a bridge-routing module396 (and/or it could be within a switching module). The vehicle network link module includes a plurality ofnetwork fabric ports444, a module port (e.g.,ingress port436 and/or egress port434), aswitching circuit442, and a link manager processing module (e.g.,link manager440 and/or a processing module438). Each of the interconnectingnetwork fabric ports444 are coupled via a cable with interconnectingports444 of a redundancy/back upmodule392 of another bridge-routingmodule386 or of a switch module. Theingress port436 is coupled to the packet ingress unit of the bridge-routing module386 (or of a switch module) and theegress port434 is coupled to the packet egress unit of the bridge-routing module386 (or of a switch module).
• In an example of operation, one of the interconnectingports444 is active to receive or transmit a packet to/from the other bridge-routingmodule386 or to/from a switch module. For inbound packets, the active port provides the packet to theswitching circuit442, which provides the inbound packet to theingress port436 for forwarding to the packet ingress unit. For outbound packets, theegress port434 provides a packet from the packet egress unit to theswitching circuit442, which couples theegress port434 to the active interconnecting port. Theactive interconnecting port444 then outputs the outbound packet.
• Thelink manager440, alone or in combination with theprocessing module438, monitors the “health” of the transmissions and receptions of packets via the active interconnectingport444. For example, if the data rate of transmissions via the active interconnectingport444 is lower than a desired threshold due to errors, other factors, or the cable is broken, then the link may be flagged as being in a degenerative state. If the degenerative state compares unfavorably to a threshold, thelink manager440 may deactivate the current active interconnecting port and activate another interconnectingport444.
• In addition to monitoring the health of a link, thelink manager440 also determines a use mode such as backup transmissions and/or backup receptions of packets via asecond interconnecting port444. In this instance, thelink manager440 communicates with theswitching circuit442 to enable multiple interconnectingports444 to be coupled to theegress port434 or to theingress port436 such that parallel transmissions of a packet or parallel receptions of the packets may occur. Thelink manager440 also indicates which of the links is the primary link and which is the backup link. Typically, packets will be processed via the primary link. If, however, the primary link has a failure (e.g., an unacceptable degenerative state or is broken), the packet can be processed from the backup link without loss of data.
• Thelink manager440 is further operable to support various network protocols as established by theprocessing module438. For example, if theprocessing module438 issues a control signal to change the coupling to a difference bridge-routingmodule386, thelink manager440 of the current redundancy/backup module382 deactivates the interconnectingport444, or ports, and alink manager440 of another redundancy/backup module382 activates one or more interconnectingports444 to connect to the new bridge-routingmodule386. Note that the redundancies/backup modules392 of a bridge-routingmodule386 may each have itsown link manager440, may share acommon link manager440, or alink manager440 may support a subset of the redundancy/backup modules392.
• In another example of operation, the link manager processing module determines that the packet conveyance via a network link has degenerated below the threshold due to data bandwidth of a communication medium coupling the active network fabric port to a corresponding active network fabric port of the other vehicle network fabric link module being below a desired data bandwidth level. In other words, the link cannot support the data rate that is currently being requested to transmit. In this instance, the link manager processing module changes the use mode to an aggregation mode such that the active network fabric port and the new active network port are coupled to the port via the switching circuit for aggregate packet transmissions. In this manner, two or more connections are used in parallel to convey packets between the bridge routing modules and/or switch modules.
• The link manager processing module may determine whether vehicle network packet conveyance has degenerated below the threshold in a variety of ways. For example, the manager processing module determines that a communication medium coupling the active network fabric port to a corresponding active network fabric port of the other vehicle network fabric link module is broken (e.g., cable broke, HW failure, SW failure of port). As another example, the link manager processing module determines that the communication medium coupling the active network fabric port to the corresponding active network fabric port of the other vehicle network fabric link module has an undesired bit error rate. In yet another example, the link manager processing module determines that the communication medium coupling the active network fabric port to the corresponding active network fabric port of the other vehicle network fabric link module has a data bandwidth below a desired data bandwidth level.
• Thelink manager440 may also keep a history of the performance of each link to further aid in network reconfiguration decisions, fast failover decisions, etc. To facilitate tracking the performance of each link, thelink manager440 may periodically test a link during idle times. Thelink manager440 may employ a variety of testing techniques to test the performance of the links and may use the performance history of each link and/or port to select the active network port.
• While the present illustration of a redundancy/backup module392 includes oneegress port434, oneingress port436, and three interconnectingports444, each redundancy/backup module392 may includemultiple ingress ports436,multiple egress ports434, and/or more or less than three interconnectingports444. For example, the redundancy/backup module392 may include twoegress ports434 and twoingress ports436 to support concurrent transmission of packets. In this instance, theswitching circuit442 couples two of the interconnectingports444 to the twoegress ports434 or to the twoingress ports436 as directed by thelink manager440.
• FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an example of acable failure446 within a network fabric. Thecable failure446 may result from a physical break of the cable, from significant degeneration of performance of the cable (i.e., an unacceptable degenerative state), a hardware failure within one or both of the bridge-routingmodules386 and/or a software failure within one or both of the bridge-routingmodules386. When acable failure446 occurs, the bridge-routingmodules386 select one or more of theother cables448 to function as the active link.
• FIG. 19 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a cable failure within a network fabric by a vehicle network link module. The method begins with the processing module and/or a link manager determining whether a cable failure has occurred450. When a cable failure is detected, the method continues by determining whether link aggregation452 (e.g., a use mode in which multiple ports to achieve higher data rates) is currently in use. If not, the method continues by determining whether hot standby454 (e.g., another use mode in which a backup link is used to convey the same packets as the active link) is active. If hot standby is not active, the processing module and/or link manager activates another port and retransmits any packets that may have been lost due to thelink failure456.
• If hot standby is active, the method continues by using the replicated transmission458 (i.e., the backup transmission). The method continues by setting up a new hot standby link for a newly activatedlink460.
• If link aggregation is active, the method continues by determining whether each link has an activehot standby462. When the hot-standby port is not enabled, the link manager processing module determines whether conveyance of a vehicle network packet was corrupted when the vehicle network packet conveyance has degenerated below the threshold. When the conveyance of the vehicle network packet was corrupted, the link manager processing module determines content type of the vehicle network packet (e.g., mission critical, network data, vehicle operation, and/or infotainment). The link manager processing module then determines network traffic conditions (e.g., how congested the network is). The link manager processing module then determines whether to initiate reconveyance the vehicle network packet based on the content type and network traffic conditions. For example, retransmit the packet or request retransmission packet by the other vehicle network fabric link module based on a sliding scale of content type and traffic conditions (e.g., retransmit everything but entertainment under normal traffic conditions, only mission critical packets when network is very busy, etc.). During the retransmission of lost packets of the failed cable, the other link aggregation cable may be in active to allow synchronization to be reestablished.
• If hot standby is active for the link aggregation, the method continues by using the replicated transmission for the failed cable466 (i.e., the backup transmission on the hot standby link). The method continues by setting up a new hot standby for a newly activatedlink468.
• FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of another example of a link failure470 (e.g., all cables between modules are in failure) within a network fabric. Thelink failure470 may result from a physical break of the cables, from significant degeneration of performance of the cables (i.e., an unacceptable degenerative state), a hardware failure within one or both of the bridge-routingmodules386 and/or a software failure within one or both of the bridge-routingmodules386. When alink failure470 occurs, the bridge-routingmodules386 select an alternate path in accordance with a pre-determined network topology.
• FIG. 21 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a link failure within a network fabric as may be performed by a processing module and/or link manager of a bridge-routing module. The method begins by determining whether a link failure has occurred472. If yes, the process continues by accessing a network topology database as may be instructed by anetwork manager474. In this network, since the network fabric is a semi-static architecture, it allows for a variety of pre-determined configurations to be identified and stored. As such, when a link failure occurs and to avoid loops, a preconfigured network topology may be identified and readily implemented in a very short period of time (e.g., less than a few tens of milliseconds). The network topology database will be described in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 22-26.
• The method continues by selecting an alternate path between the bridge routing modules having thelink failure476. The selection of an alternative path may be based on a variety of decision points. For instance, the network topology database may be organized in a first in first out manner where the configuration in the first entry of the database is used. Alternatively, the decision may be based on which link failed, which bridge-routing modules are involved, network traffic, load balancing, etc. As an example and with reference toFIG. 20, alternative path one may be selected due to one or more of the decision points.
• Returning to the discussion ofFIG. 21, the method continues by transmitting the alternative path selection to other modules within thenetwork fabric478. This may be done by the network manager, the processing module of one or more of the bridge-routing modules, or the link manager of one or more of the bridge-routing modules. The method continues by enabling the selectedalternative path480. The method continues by updating thenetwork topology database482. For example, the selected network topology is now the active network topology and the previous topology is flagged as inactive.
• FIG. 22 is an example diagram of anetwork topology database484 that includes a plurality of spanning tree configuration entries. A spanning tree configuration entry includes a mapping of interconnections between network nodes, switching modules, and bridge-routing modules of the vehicle communication network. Each configuration is predetermined to avoid loops, and it may be further predetermine to balance loading, reduce packet traffic, and/or allow for more concurrent (e.g., link aggregation, plural virtual LAN with plural spanning tree configurations) packet transmissions.
• FIGS. 23-26 are examples of network fabric spanning tree configurations that may be stored in the network topology database. In each of the figures, the solid triple lines represent active links between the modules and the light dashed lines represent inactive links between the modules. In each of these configurations, loops are avoided. Note that the network fabric may include more orless switch modules388,network node modules390 and/or bridge-routingmodules386 than illustrated in the figures. Regardless of the number of modules within the network fabric, the network topologies can be predetermined to avoid loops and may further be predetermined for load balancing, reducing packet traffic, and/or for allowing more concurrent packet transmission.
• FIG. 27 is a diagram of an embodiment of a modified network frame/packet486 that includes apreamble field488, a start offrame field490, avehicle network field492, adestination address field494, asource address field496, a type/length field498, apayload field500, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) field502 (or frame check field), and it may further include agap field504. Thepreamble488, start aframe490,destination address494,source address496, type/length498,payload500,CRC502, andgap fields504 may be similarly formatted to one or more Ethernet protocols.
• Thevehicle network field492 may include a variety of information to identify the content type of packet, priority level of the packet, and/or other network related matters. For instance, thevehicle network492 field may include coding to identify a mission-critical type packet506, a network type packet508, a vehicleoperation type packet510, an information/entertainment type packet512, and/or any other type of packet. Thevehicle network field492 may further include coding to identify sub-type information. For example, the mission-critical type packet506 may include multiple levels of mission-critical sub-types. For instance, a first level of mission-critical packets are of the most important, a second level of mission-critical packets are of a next level of importance, etc.
• As another example, a network type packet508 may include sub types ofdevice level packets514,resource level packets516, networkdata level packets518, and/or any other type of network control and/or information packets. As a more specific example, thedevice level packets514 may pertain to adding an element (e.g., module, component, device, etc.) to the network, deleting an element from the network, processing a damaged element of the network, updating an element of the network, etc.
• A network node module and/or an associated switch module typically generate the content of thevehicle network field492. For example, when a network node module has a packet to transmit, it may access one or more databases to determine its priority level, the type of network packet, etc. to generate the coding for thevehicle network field492. Alternatively, the network node module may have thevehicle network field492 information locally stored for insertion into the packets it produces. As another alternative, the network node module may generate a packet with thevehicle network field492 blank (e.g., including null information) and the switching module determines the appropriate coding for thevehicle network field492. The network node modules will be described in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 41-57 and the switching module will be described in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 33-40.
• In an example of operation, a network node module (which includes a processing module and memory) communicates via the unified vehicle communication network in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol. For instance, the global vehicle network communication protocol (or global vehicle network protocol) prescribes the formatting of frames (or packets), prescribes frame transmission prioritization schemes (e.g., locally managed prioritization schemes, globally managed prioritization schemes), prescribes network management processing (e.g., resource management, network data type management, network configuration management, and/or device management); and/or other vehicle network operation parameters.
• To communicate via the unified vehicle communication network (e.g., as discussed with reference toFIGS. 2-13), the processing module of the network node generates a header section of a frame to include a preamble, a vehicle network field, and routing information. The header section may further include a frame length field and a start of frame field.
• The routing information includes a source address field and/or a destination address field. In one instance, the source and/or destination field include an Internet protocol (IP) address for the source and/or destination, respectively. For example, each device (e.g., as shown in or more ofFIGS. 2-13) may have one or more IP addresses allocated to it. In another instance, the source and/or destination field include a physical device address of the source and/or destination, respectively. For example, each device of the vehicle system has a physical address assigned to it.
• The vehicle network field includes information that identifies a type of the frame. For example, the vehicle network filed may include a content type of the frame (e.g., a mission-critical data type, a network data type, a vehicle operation data type, and/or an information/entertainment data type) and/or a priority level of the frame (e.g., top priority or subordinate levels of priority). Note that the processing module may generate the vehicle network field by retrieving frame information (e.g., type, priority, etc.) from the memory, which may store one or more of databases regarding priority level of the frame, type of the frame, coding of the frame.
• The vehicle network field may further include one or more levels of sub-type information. For example, there may be several levels for safety (e.g., critical, general, etc.). Other examples are discussed above.
• The processing module may alternatively generate the vehicle network field to include null information. In this instance, a module of the vehicle network fabric recognizes the null information and determines, on behalf of the device, the appropriate information for the vehicle network field and populates it accordingly.
• The processing module continues generating the frame by generating a payload section. The payload section includes data payload and an integrity check field (e.g., CRC). Once the frame is generated, the processing module transmits it, via a vehicle network interface, to the unified vehicle communication network in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol.
• FIG. 28 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network by a bridge-routing module, a switch module, and/or other module of the network fabric in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol. A network management module of the vehicle communication network, which includes a network interface, memory, and a processing module, manages the global vehicle network communication protocol. For example, managing the global vehicle network communication protocol includes instituting a content-based network packet processing protocol and managing the vehicle communication network to support the network packet processing protocol. The content-based network packet processing protocol includes determining and classifying content type of a packet (e.g., mission critical content, network data content, vehicle operation content, and/or infotainment content), determining a processing requirement of the packet, and prioritizing execution of the processing requirement based on the content type.
• As another example, the network management module manages packet routing within the vehicle communication network based on a content-based priority scheme and a configuration of the network fabric. Further, the network management module selects the configuration of the network fabric from one of a plurality of predetermined configurations of the network fabric based on vehicle communication network information and manages the vehicle communication network information.
• The method begins by receiving apacket520 and reading the header information of thepacket522. In particular, reading the vehicle network field to determine the type ofvehicle network packet524. The method continues by determining whether the type of packet is a missioncritical packet526. If yes, the method continues by identifying a mission-critical task (e.g., braking, engine control, safety actuation (airbag deployment), transmission control, etc.)528. The method continues by determining processing requirements for the mission-critical task530, which will be discussed in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 29-31. The method continues by executing the processing requirements for the mission-critical task532.
• If the vehicle network packet type is not mission-critical, the method continues by determining whether the packet type is network related534. If yes, the method continues by identifying the particular network task536 (e.g., update one or more databases, change network configuration, change prioritization, change mutation protocol, etc.). The method continues by determining processing requirements for theparticular network task538, which we describe in greater detail with reference toFIG. 32. The method continues by executing the processing requirements for thenetwork task540.
• If the vehicle network packet type is not network related, the method continues by determining whether the packet type isvehicle operation542. If yes, the method continues by identifying the particular vehicle operation task544 (e.g., adjust climates, adjust seat, headlight operation, engine diagnostics, etc.). The method continues by determining processing requirements for the vehicle operation task, which may include forward in the packet, routing the packet, and/or updating tables and/or databases regarding thepacket546. The method continues by executing the processing requirements for thevehicle operation task548.
• If the vehicle network packet type is not vehicle operation, the method continues by determining whether the packet is an information/entertainment packet550. If yes, the method continues by identifying the particular information/entertainment task552 (e.g., display audio/video data, store audio/video data, process graphics, etc.). The method continues by determining processing requirements for the particular information/entertainment task, which may include forwarding the packet, routing the packet, and/or updating tables and/or databases regarding thepacket554. The method continues by executing the processing requirements for the information/entertainment task556.
• If the vehicle network packet type is not information/entertainment, the method continues by identifying anothertask558. The processing continues by determining processing requirements for theother task560. The method the method continues by executing the processing requirements for theother task562.
• FIG. 29 is an example diagram of processing a mission critical packet within a vehicle communication network. In this example, a critical safety sensor566 (e.g., collision detection, driver sensor, etc.) is coupled to thenetwork fabric564 and provides and input packet to thenetwork fabric564. A bridge-routingmodule386 within thenetwork fabric564 receives the input packet and performs the methods ofFIGS. 28 and 30 to determine that the input packet is a mission-critical packet. In addition, the bridge-routingmodule386 determines the destination of the mission-critical packet and routes it thereto.
• In this example, the destination of the mission-critical packet is a critical safety processing module568. Upon receiving the mission-critical packet, the critical safety processing module568 performs a function to generate one or more output packets. In this example, the critical safety processing module568 is generating multiple output packets, which are provided to thenetwork fabric564.
• The bridge-routingmodule386 within thenetwork fabric564 receives the output packets and processes them in accordance with the methods ofFIGS. 28 and 31 to determine their destinations. Based on this processing, the bridge-routingmodule386 routes the packets to the corresponding destinations. The destinations may be a plurality of actuators such as a brake actuator, an airbag actuator, a transmission adjust actuator, and/or any other actuator that performs a safety function.
• FIG. 30 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a mission critical packet in the vehicular communication network. The method begins by receiving apacket570 and identifying it as an input mission-critical packet572. This may be done by interpreting the identity of the source, the identity of the destination, and/or interpreting the vehicle network field. For example, if the source is a collision detection sensor, packets that it generates are, by default, determined to be mission-critical.
• The method continues by determining whether the received packet is from the source of the packet or from another bridge-routingmodule574. If the packet is from the source, the method continues by determining whether the packet includes the mission critical type identifier in the vehicle network field of thepacket576. If not, the bridge-routing module adds the mission-critical type identifier to the packet, which may be done by adatabase lookup process578.
• With the mission-critical type identifier in the packet, the method continues by determining the mission-critical packet prioritization580. This can be done by accessing a prioritization database based on the source, destination the type of mission-critical task, or a combination thereof. The level of prioritization for the mission-critical packet may be an interrupt level (i.e., interrupt the transmission of the current packet for the mission-critical packet), placing the mission-critical packet at the front of a first in first out queue, transmitting the packets via dedicated bandwidth to another bridge-routing module and/or to a switch module, or broadcasting the packet over the network, which may be done in an override manner or when the network is available.
• The method continues by determining the mission-critical processing module destination, ordestinations582. The method continues by determining whether one or more of the mission-critical processing modules are local584 (i.e., couple to the bridge-routing module or to the switch module executing this function). If yes, the mission-critical packets are sent to the local mission-critical processing module(s) in accordance with thedetermined prioritization586. If the mission-critical processing modules are not local, the mission-critical packets are sent to the next bridge-routing module or switch module in accordance with the determine prioritization and knownnetwork mapping588.
• FIG. 31 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a mission critical packet in the vehicular communication network. The method begins by receiving apacket590 and identifying it as an output mission-critical packet592. This may be done by interpreting the vehicle network field of the packet, accessing a database based on the source and/or destination of the packet, and/or other factors.
• The method continues by determining the mission-critical packet prioritization594. Such prioritization may include interrupting transmission of a current packet, placing the packet at the top of an ingress queue and/or egress queue, using dedicated bandwidth of the vehicle communication network, and/or transmitting the packet via network broadcast that overrides a current transmission or when the network becomes available.
• The method continues by determining whether one or more of the destinations are local598. For each local destination, the bridge-routing module sends the mission-critical packet to the local destination per theprioritization600. For each non-local destination, the bridge-routing module sends the mission-critical packet to the next bridge-routing module per the prioritization and the network mapping, which may be a current version of the network or a prioritization mapping of thenetwork602. For instance, the network mapping may have one network topology configuration and the prioritization mapping may have a different network topology that optimizes communication between mission-critical devices.
• FIG. 32 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for processing a packet in the vehicular communication network. The method begins by receiving apacket604 and interpreting it to determine that it is a networkdata type packet606. For instance, the bridge-routing module (or switch module) interprets the vehicle network field of the packet to identify the nature of the packet. The method continues by determining whether the network task has alocal component608. In other words, does the packet contain a task to be performed by the current bridge-routing module (or switch module). If not, the bridge-routing module forwards packet to the next bridge-routing module or to aswitch module610.
• If the network task has a local component, the method continues by determining whether the network task includes amemory access request612. If yes, the method continues by determining whether the network task is a read request or awrite request614. For a write request, the method continues by storing network data in a database or table616. For example, the network packet may include network data for updating a network topology database, a forwarding database, a routing table, a filtering table, a mission-critical database, etc. Having stored the data, the method continues by sending awrite acknowledgment618.
• If the network task is a read network data request, the method continues by accessing a database or table to retrieve the requestednetwork data620. The method continues by packetizing the retrievednetwork data622 and forwarding the packet per therequest624. The method continues by determining whether the network task further includes anetwork configuration adjustment626. If not, the method is finished for thispacket628.
• If the network task does not include a memory access request, the method continues by determining anetwork configuration adjustment630. The network configuration adjustment may be to add a device to the network, delete a device from the network, process a damaged device, update a device, respond to a link failure, respond to degeneration of a link, to establish or change a communication protocol between bridge-routing modules, to adjust frequency allocation, to adjust bandwidth allocation, to change network configuration, change resource allocation, adjust traffic routing, adjust load-balancing, activate redundant link or path upon any failures, etc. The method continues by performing thenetwork configuration adjustment632 and sending an acknowledgement of itscompletion634.
• FIG. 33 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a switch module that includes a redundancy/backup module636, anetwork buffer638, aswitching circuit640, a plurality of port buffers642, a plurality ofports644, aprocessing module646, and memory. Theprocessing module648 may be configured to implement a localnetwork management function650, alayer 2 switching function, alayer 3 switching function, alayer 4 switching function, and/or a multilayer switching function. Thememory648 stores one or more of a switching database653, anetwork protocol database654, an information/entertainment database656, avehicle operations database658, a mission-critical database660, and a predeterminednetwork topology database662.
• Each of theports644 is coupled to a network node module and the redundancy/backup module636 is coupled to a bridge-routing module. Theswitch module388 may include more than one redundancy/backup module636 for connectivity to more than one bridge-routing modules and/or to another switch module.
• In an example of operation, one of theports644 receives a packet including a particular type of content, from its corresponding network node module. The packet is buffered via the correspondingport buffer642 and is interpreted, e.g. to determine the packet content type, by the localnetwork manager function650 as will be discussed in greater detail with reference to figure is35. Theprocessing module646 evokes one of the switching functions (e.g.,layer 2,layer 3,layer 4, or multi-layer) to control the switching and processing of the packet. The selection of the particular switching function is dependent on the current network topology and/or the current network protocol. For instance, if packets are routed using MAC addresses, theprocessing module646 may implement alayer 2 switching function.
• Thenetwork buffer638 may include one or more queues to temporarily store the packet. Theprocessing module646 controls the organization and management of the queues based on data contained in one or more of the databases stored inmemory648. The queues will be described in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 36-40. In accordance with the organization and management of the queues, packets are outputted to be redundancy/backup module636 for transmission to a bridge-routing module or to another switch module. The redundancy/backup module636 functions similarly to the redundancy/backup module of a bridge-routing module.
• In another example of operation, the redundancy/backup module636 receives a packet from a bridge-routing module or another switch module. Under the control of theprocessing module646, the packet is placed in one of the network buffer's queues. When the packet reaches the top of its queue, it is provided to one of the port buffers642 via theswitching circuit388 and subsequently provided to the corresponding port for transmission to a network node module.
• FIG. 34 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of aswitch module388 that includes a redundancy/backup module636, a first toppriority packet module664, anetwork buffer638, aswitching circuit640, a plurality of port buffers642, a second toppriority packet module666, a plurality ofports644, aprocessing module646, andmemory648. Theprocessing module646 may be configured to implement a localnetwork management function650, alayer 2 switching function, alayer 3 switching function, alayer 4 switching function, and/or a multilayer switching function. Thememory648 stores one or more of aswitching database652, anetwork protocol database654, an information/entertainment database656, avehicle operations database658, a mission-critical database660, and a predeterminednetwork topology database662.
• Each of theports644 is coupled to a network node module and the redundancy/backup module636 is coupled to a bridge-routing module. Theswitch module388 may include more than one redundancy/backup module636 for connectivity to more than one bridge-routing module and/or to another switch module.
• In an example of operation, when the redundancy/backup module636 receives a packet, the toppriority packet module664 interprets the packet content type to determine whether it is a top priority packet. Such an interpretation may be based on the content of the vehicle network field of the packet, the identity of the source, etc. If the packet is a top priority packet, it is routed to the other toppriority packet module666, which provides the top priority packet to the appropriate port for transmission to the corresponding network node module.
• Similarly, when aport644 provides a packet to the second toppriority packet module666, it interprets the packet, including the packet content type, to determine whether it is a top priority packet. If so, it forwards the packet to the other toppriority packet module664, which provides it to the redundancy/backup module636 for immediate (e.g., interrupt) or near-immediate transmission (e.g., next available transmission slot) into the network fabric. If a packet is not a top priority packet, theswitch module388 processes it as previously discussed with reference toFIG. 33.
• FIG. 35 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing a prioritized packet in the vehicular communication network (i.e., a local network manager function) that may be executed by a network node module, a switching module, and/or a bridge-routing module. The method begins by determiningpacket prioritization668 of a packet by interpreting the vehicle network field of thepacket670. The method continues by determining whether the packet is a top priority packet672 (e.g., to/from a critical safety device, etc.). If yes, the method continues by using the top priority by-pass mechanism within the switch module and/or bridge-routing module to transmit the top priority packet to a switch module, a bridge-routing module, or anetwork node module674.
• The top priority by-pass mechanism includes determining whether the switch or bridge-routing module is currently transmitted another packet or whether the network fabric is currently transmitted a packet. If not, the top priority is transmitted. If there is a packet currently being transmitted676, the method continues by determining whether the current packet is of alower priority678. If yes (i.e., the top priority packet is of a higher priority), the transmission of the current packet is interrupted for transmission of thetop priority packet680. If not (i.e., the current packet is of equal or higher priority), the method continues by waiting until the current packet has been transmitted682 and then transmitting thetop priority packet684.
• If the packet is not a top priority packet, the method continues by time stamping the packet, which may be done by the network node module, a switch module, and/or a bridge-module686. The method continues by determining where in a queue (e.g., a single ingress or egress queue or one of a plurality ingress or egress queues) to place thepacket688. The method continues by adding the packet to the queue based on its prioritization andtime stamp690.
• The method continues by determining whether the time-to-live (TTL) (e.g., a time duration from the time stamp) for the packet has expired692. If yes, the packet is discarded694. If not, the method continues by determining whether the packet is to be retrieved from thequeue696. If the packet is to be retrieved from the queue (e.g., it is in a first position of a first-in-first-out queue), it is retrieved and transmitted (e.g., within the switch or bridge-routing module or to another switch or bridge-routing module)698.
• If the packet is not yet being retrieved, the method continues by determining whether to update the TTL priority of the packet (e.g., the expiration time of the packet is getting close)700. If not, the method repeats by determining if the TTL has expired. If the TTL priority is to be updated, it is updated702 (e.g., given a higher priority) and the method continues as shown.
• FIG. 36 is an example diagram of apacket704 and packet queues within a vehicle communication network. Thepacket704 includes thepreamble706, start offrame708,timestamp710,packet type712, and of the remainder of thepacket714. Note that thetimestamp710 andpacket type712 are contained within the vehicle network field of thepacket704. The queues may be separate based on the packet type, or other factor. For example, the queues may include a mission-critical queue716, anetwork data queue718, and information/entertainment queue720, and avehicle operation queue714.
• As apacket704 is received, its type is determined, which then determines the queue it will be placed in. Having identified the queue, the packet's position within the queue is determined based on its prioritization. The prioritization of apacket704 may be based on the source of the packet, the destination of the packet, thetimestamp710, the nature of the packet, etc. For example, if the packet is a mission-critical packet, it will be placed within the missioncritical queue716. Within the mission-critical queue716, the packet prioritization level will be compared with the mission-critical packets already in the mission-critical queue716. Based on this comparison, the new mission-critical packet will be placed in the queue above lower priority packets and below higher parity packets.
• When apacket704 is to be transmitted to another location within the module or to the network fabric, thepacket704 may be selected from any one of the queues based on a prioritization scheme. The prioritization scheme takes into account the type of packet, the source of the packet, the destination of the packet, itstimestamp710, etc. For example, mission-critical packets may take priority over any other type ofpacket704. Thus, other packets will not be transmitted unless the mission-critical queue716 is empty. As another example, thetimestamp710 of thepacket704 may drive the prioritization scheme (other than for top priority packets) such that any type of packet may have priority for transmission. As yet another example, each type ofpacket704 may be allocated a certain amount of bandwidth within the network fabric such that each type of packet will be transmitted within the network fabric based on individual priority schemes for the packet type. In this latter scheme, bandwidth may be dynamically allocated based on queue size, packet type, etc.
• FIGS. 37-40 are example diagrams of packet queue processing within a vehicle communication network.FIG. 37 illustrates a single packet queue that may be contained within a switch module and/or a bridge-routing module. The packet queue includes a queue address and apacket field identifier726. The queue address indicates the packets prioritization within the queue. For example, for a first in first out queue, the packet ataddress 001 is of the highest priority (e.g., the next packet to be transmitted) and the packet at the bottom of the queue has the lowest priority.
• FIG. 38 illustrates the packet queue ofFIG. 37 attime tx+1. At this time, the first two packets have been transmitted (e.g.,MC packets #1 and 2). In the time frame from tx to tx+1, no new packets were added to the queue.
• FIG. 39 illustrates the packet queue attime tx+2. At this time, the next first packet (e.g., ND packet #1) has been transmitted and a new packet (e.g., IT packet #y) has been added to the bottom of the queue. In addition, the prioritization of the packet at queue address x-2 (e.g., ND packet #x) is reprioritized within the queue to queueaddress #004.
• FIG. 40 illustrates the packet queue attime tx+3. At this time, the next first packet (e.g., MC packet #x) has been transmitted and a new packet (e.g., MC packet #y) has been added to the middle of the queue based on its prioritization with respect to the other packets in the queue.
• FIG. 41 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes a plurality ofports726, a plurality of device buffers728, aswitching circuit730, anetwork buffer732, aprocessing module734, andmemory736. Theprocessing module734 implements a local management function738 (which includes a locally managed prioritization scheme). Thememory736 includes one or more databases for data input/output740,network protocol742, information-entertainment744,vehicle operations746, and/or mission-critical data748.
• Each of theports726 is coupled to avehicle device750 orvehicle module752 and acorresponding device buffer728. Avehicle device750 may be any one of the modules or components illustrated inFIGS. 6-11. For example, avehicle device750 may be a sensor, and actuator, electronic control unit, the user input, a user output, a communication device, etc. Avehicle module752 includes one ormore vehicle devices750.
• In an example of operation, avehicle device750 orvehicle module752 generates an outgoing device packet (or frame) for transmission via the network fabric. In this instance, thevehicle device750 provides the packet via aport726 to itscorresponding device buffer728. Thebuffer728 may include an egress queue for temporarily storing the outgoing device packets and an ingress queue for temporarily storing incoming network packets. The localnetwork management function738 manages the inputting and outputting of packets in the buffer (e.g., a queue) based on a prioritization scheme as previously discussed (i.e., performs the local portion of the global vehicle network communication protocol). In particular, the processing module interprets the outgoing device packets and/or the incoming network packets to determine types of packets and then determines the locally managed prioritization scheme based on the types of packets (e.g., mission critical packets, network protocol packets, vehicle operation packets, and/or information-entertainment packets).
• For example, the processing module may interpret a packet by interpreting a vehicle network field of the packet to identify the type of packet. As another example, the processing module may interpret a packet by identifying a source of the outgoing device packets, and, based on the source, determine the type of packet. As yet another example, the processing module may interpret a packet by identifying a destination of the outgoing device packet and, based on the destination, determine the type of packet. As a further example, the processing module may interpret a packet by identifying a source of the incoming network packet and, based on the source, determine the type of packet. As a still further example, the processing module may interpret a packet by identifying a destination of the incoming network packet and, based on the destination, determine the type of the packet.
• The processing module may further determine the locally managed prioritization scheme by accessing one or more databases based on the types of packets. The databases include a data input/output database, a network protocol database, an information-entertainment database, a vehicle operations database, and/or a mission critical database.
• Based on the prioritization scheme, the localnetwork management function738 enables theswitching circuit730 to transfer an outgoing device packet from one of the plurality ofdevice buffers728 to thenetwork buffer732 by selectively coupling the device buffer to the network buffer. Thenetwork buffer732 may also include an ingress queue and an egress queue. In this example, the outgoing packet would be placed in the egress queue. The localnetwork management function738 manages the queues of thenetwork buffer732 based on the prioritization scheme. As such, the packet generated by thevehicle device750 in this example will be outputted to the network fabric in accordance with the prioritization scheme.
• For an incoming packet, thenetwork buffer732 temporarily stores it in an ingress queue under the control of the local network management function. When the incoming packet reaches the top of the ingress queue of thenetwork buffer732, the localnetwork management function738 enables theswitching circuit730 to provide it to thecorresponding device buffer728 of thedestination vehicle device750. Thecorresponding buffer728 stores it in its egress queue and subsequently provides it to thevehicle device750 in accordance with the prioritization scheme.
• In another example of operation, avehicle device750 may utilize a particular communication protocol (e.g., CAN, Flex Ray, etc.), which the localnetwork manager function738 translates into the network protocol. For example, the local network manager function may convert the packet of the vehicle device protocol into a network protocol packet. Alternatively, the localnetwork management function738 may encapsulate the packet of thevehicle device750 into a global vehicle network protocol packet.
• FIG. 42 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes a plurality ofports726, a device (or first) toppriority packet module754, a plurality ofbuffers728, aswitching circuit730, aprocessing module734, anetwork buffer732, a network (or second)priority packet module756, andmemory736. Theprocessing module734 implements a localnetwork manager function738 and thememory736 includes one or more of a datainput output database740, anetwork protocol database742, and information-entertainment database744, avehicle operations database746, and or a mission critical database748.
• In an example of operation, avehicle device750 outputs a packet to itscorresponding port726, which is received by the first toppriority packet module754. The first top priority packet module interprets the packet to determine whether it is a top priority packet (e.g., is of the utmost importance such as a safety related mission critical function). If the packet is a top primary packet, the first toppriority packet module754 provides the packet to the second toppriority packet module756. The second toppriority packet module756 outputs the top priority packet to the network fabric in an immediate fashion (i.e., interrupt a current transmission on the network fabric or by the network node module390) or in a near-intermediate fashion (i.e., as soon as the current packet is transmitted, the top priority packet is transmitted onto the network fabric). If the packet is not a top priority packet, the first toppriority packet module754 provides the packet to thecorresponding buffer728 and it is process as previously discussed with reference toFIG. 41.
• For an incoming packet, the second toppriority packet module756 interprets the packet to determine whether it is a top priority packet. If so, the second toppriority packet module756 provide the packet to the first toppriority packet module754, which may be done in an immediate fashion or a near immediate faction within thenetwork node module390. The first is toppriority packet module754 provides the top priority packet to theappropriate vehicle device750. If the incoming packet is not a top priority packet, the secondtop priority module756 provides the packet to thenetwork buffer732 and the packet is process as previously discussed with reference toFIG. 41.
• For both incoming and outgoing top priority packets, the localnetwork manager function738 monitors the activity of the top priority packet modules754-756 and adjusts the queues within the buffers accordingly such that packets are not lost. For example, if a packet is being outputted via thenetwork buffer732 when an incoming top priority packet is received, the localnetwork manager function738 records the interruption of the outputting of the packet and facilitates retransmission of the packet after the incoming top priority packet has been received and provided to theappropriate vehicle device750.
• FIG. 43 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes a vehicle device (e.g., a sensor758), an analog to digital converter (ADC)760, anetwork interface762, and aport764. Thesensor758 may be any one of the sensors illustrated inFIGS. 6-11 and/or another type of vehicle application sensor. Note that if thesensor758 is a digital device, the analog todigital converter760 may be omitted.
• Thenetwork interface762 facilitates communication regarding a vehicle function of the vehicle device between the vehicle device and a vehicle network fabric in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol and includes circuitry for converting digital sensed data into network protocol packets. For example, if thesensor758 is a thermometer, it provides an analog temperature reading to theADC760. TheADC760 converts the analog temperature reading into a digital value. Thenetwork interface762 generates a packet in accordance with the network protocol, placing the digital value of the temperature in the payload field of the packet.
• FIG. 44 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes a vehicle device (e.g., an actuator766), a digital to analog converter (DAC)768, anetwork interface762, and aport764. Theactuator766 may be any one of the actuators illustrated inFIGS. 6-11 and/or another type of vehicle application actuator. Note that if theactuator766 is a digital device, the digital toanalog converter768 may be omitted.
• Thenetwork interface762 provides circuitry for extracting digital data from a network protocol packet. For example, if thenetwork interface762 receives a packet regarding rolling up a window, it extracts the digital data from the payload field of the packet. TheDAC768 converts the digital data into an analog control signal, which it provides to theactuator766. In this example theactuator766 may be a window motor actuator.
• FIG. 45 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes a vehicle device (e.g., an electronic control unit (ECU)770), anetwork interface762, and aport764. TheECU770 maybe anyone of the ECUs illustrated inFIGS. 6-11 and/or any other type of vehicle application electronic control unit. Thenetwork interface762 functions to packet size outbound data in accordance with the network protocol and to be packetized inbound data in accordance with the network protocol.
• Thenetwork node modules390 ofFIGS. 43-45 may be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. For example, thenetwork interface762, the circuitry to support the physical port, and an analog to digital converter may be on one integrated circuit and thesensor758 may be on a separate integrated circuit or it may be a stand alone component. As another example, thenetwork interface762, the circuitry to support the physical port, and a digital toanalog converter768 may be on one integrated circuit and anactuator766 may be on a separate integrated circuit or it may be a standalone component. As yet another example, thenetwork interface762 and the circuitry to support the physical port may be on one integrated circuit and anelectronic control unit770 may be on a separate integrated circuit. As a further example, thenetwork interface762, the circuitry to support the physical port, and theelectronic control unit770 maybe on a single integrated circuit.
• While the network node modules ofFIGS. 43-45 illustrate specific vehicle devices, the vehicle device in each example may be any one of a mission critical vehicle operation device, a non-mission critical vehicle operation device, a mission critical safety device, a non-mission critical safety device, a mission critical electronic driving device, a non-mission critical electronic driving device, an electronic control unit, and an entertainment device.
• FIG. 46 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes a plurality ofsensors758, a plurality ofactuators766, a plurality of analog todigital converters760, a plurality of digital toanalog converters768, an assembly network node module (which includes a plurality ofnetwork interfaces762 and a switching circuit module772), and aport774. Theswitching circuit module772 includes aswitching circuit776, aprocessing module778, one ormore queues780, andmemory782. Theprocessing module778 implements a local management function. Thememory782 includes one or more databases for data input/output, network protocol, information-entertainment, vehicle operations, and/or mission-critical data. The one ormore queues780 may include an ingress queue and/or an egress queue for temporarily storing packets to/from the network interfaces and an ingress queue and/or an egress queue for storing packets to/from the switch module772 (network node module or bridge-routing module). As another example, theswitching module772 includes aqueue780 for each of the vehicle devices of thenetwork node module390 and anetwork queue780 coupled to theport774. As a further example, theswitching module772 may include a single queue for packets to/from the network interfaces762 and asingle queue780 coupled to theport774.
• In an example of operation, asensor758 generates data, which is converted into a packet by thenetwork interface762 as previously discussed. Thenetwork interface762 provides the packet to one of thequeues780 of theswitching circuit module772. The local network management function manages the inputting of packets in the queue based on a prioritization scheme as previously discussed. For example, if thesensor758 is a mission critical sensor, packets it generates may be given a higher priority than packets of non-mission critical sensors.
• Based on the prioritization scheme, the local network management function enables theswitching circuit776 to transfer an outgoing packet from the queue to the network queue (e.g., the network egress queue). The local network management function manages the queues of the network buffer based on the prioritization scheme. As such, the packet generated by thesensor758 in this example will be outputted to theswitch module772, thenetwork node module390, or the bridge-routing module in accordance with the prioritization scheme.
• For an incoming packet, the network queue (e.g., an ingress queue) temporarily stores it under the control of the local network management function. When the incoming packet reaches the top of the network ingress queue, the local network manager function enables theswitching circuit776 to provide it to the queue of the destination actuator. Theactuators766 queue stores the packet until it is in a priority position for transmission to theDAC768 andactuator766.
• Note that thenetwork node module390 may include more or less sensors and/or actuators than shown. Further note that thenetwork node module390 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits. For example, the circuitry of the port, the switchingcircuit module776, the network interfaces762, theADCs760, and theDACs768 may be implemented on one IC, while thesensors758 andactuators766 may be implemented on one or more separate ICs or as stand alone components. As another example, the circuitry of the port, the network interfaces762, theADCs760, and theDACs768 may be implemented on one IC, the switchingcircuit module772 one a separate IC, and thesensors758 andactuators766 may be implemented on one or more other ICs or as stand alone components.
• FIG. 47 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes theswitching circuit module772, a plurality ofnetwork interfaces762 and a plurality of electronic control units (ECU)770. The switching circuit module functions as previously discussed. Similarly, the network interfaces762 and the ECUs function as previously discussed.
• FIG. 48 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module784 that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for the left front, right front, left rear, and/or right rear of a vehicle communication network. Thenetwork node module784 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, one ormore cameras794, a plurality of sensors796-802, and a plurality of actuators804-810.
• The plurality of sensors796-802 may includeenvironmental sensors796,infrared sensors798,RF sensors800,light sensors802, and/or any other sensor for detecting driving conditions, road conditions, proximity of other vehicles and/or obstacles. For example, anenvironmental sensor796 may be used to sense weather conditions, road conditions (e.g., wetness, icy conditions, snow, etc.), or other environmental conditions that may affect driving. As another example, the infrared798 and/orradio frequency sensors800 may be used to detect proximity of other vehicles, obstacles, barriers, and/or other physical objects that may affect driving conditions. As such, the infrared798 and/orradio frequency sensors800 may be used as a localized radar system for the vehicle. As yet a further example, thelight sensor802 may be used to detect ambient light conditions for automatic enablement of headlamps and/or to detect headlamps of oncoming vehicles to automatically adjust high beam to low beam settings.
• The plurality of actuators804-810 may include headlamp actuators804-806,fog lamp actuators808,turn signal actuators810, and/or any other actuator that may be employed in the front left, front right, rear left, or rear right portions of a vehicle. For example, a first headlights actuator804 may be used to enable the headlights at low beam and a second headlights actuator806 may be used to enable the headlights at high beam. As another example, thefog lamp actuator808 could be used to enable fog lamps. As yet another example, theturn signal actuator810 may be used to actuate a turn signal lamp.
• The camera, or cameras,794 may be used to obtain real-time digital images of the surrounding environments of the vehicle, images of operation within the vehicle, and/or other images that may assist in the performance of the vehicle and/or in driving the vehicle. For example, thecameras794 may capture images that are displayed on a headset that's display to assist in parking, backing up, etc. As yet another example, thecamera794 may be used to capture images of objects in a proximity to the vehicle that is subsequently processed for automatic collision avoidance applications.
• Thenetwork node module784 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, thenetwork node module784 may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 49 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for the center front and/or center rear of avehicle communication network814. Thenetwork node module814 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality of DACs, one ormore cameras794, a plurality of sensors796-802, and may further include one or more actuators (none shown).
• The plurality of sensors796-802 may includeenvironmental sensors796,infrared sensors798,RF sensors800,light sensors802, and/or any other sensor for detecting driving conditions, road conditions, proximity of other vehicles and/or obstacles. The plurality of actuators may include headlamp actuators, fog lamp actuators, turn signal actuators, and/or any other actuator that may be employed in the front left, front right, rear left, or rear right portions of a vehicle. The camera, orcameras794, may be used to obtain real-time digital images of the surrounding environments of the vehicle, images of operation within the vehicle, and/or other images that may assist in the performance of the vehicle and/or in driving the vehicle.
• The sensors796-802 of the center front and or centerrear assembly814 may work in concert with the sensors796-802 and or actuators of the left front, right front, left rear and right rear assemblies ofFIG. 48 to provide a three-dimensional and 360° perspective of the vehicles environment. With such data, the safety and overall performance of the vehicle may be enhanced.
• The center front and/or center rearnetwork node module814 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, thenetwork node module814 may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital to analog converters, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 50 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module816 that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for the left front tire, right front tire, left rear tire, and/or right rear tire of a vehicle communication network. Eachnetwork node module816 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, one or more cameras (not shown), a plurality of sensors818-826, and a plurality of actuators828-834.
• The plurality of sensors828-834 may include aroad sensor818, a plurality of brake sensors820-824, atire pressure sensor826, and/or any sensor related to the tire and the performance and/or safety of the vehicle. For example, the brake sensors820-824 may sense brake pad wear, temperatures, antilock brake performance, etc. As another example, theroad sensor818 may sense texture of the road, slickness of the road, and/or any other characteristic of the road that may affect driving conditions. As yet another example, thetire pressure sensor826 senses the air pressure of the tire.
• The plurality of actuators828-834 may include a plurality of braking actuators828-832, and/or anyactuator834 related to the tire and the performance and/or safety of the vehicle. For example, the brake actuators828-832 may perform antilock braking, application of electronic brake force, etc.
• Each of the tirenetwork node modules816 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, the network node module may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 51 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for the steering wheel of a vehicle communication network. Thenetwork node module836 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, a plurality of sensors842-844, a plurality of user inputs846-854, and a plurality of actuators838-840.
• The user inputs846-854 used for radio control, cruise control wiper control turn signal control, and/or other vehicle system controls. For example, a user input may be a switch to turn on or off the radio, adjust the station of the radio, and another user input may be used to increase or decrease the volume of the radio. As an alternative embodiment, a single user input they be used to turn on or off the radio, adjusted station, and adjust its volume settings.
• The plurality of sensors842-844 may includedriver sensors842, acoustic sensors844, temperature sensors, and/or any other sensors that sense in-cabin conditions that may affect the vehicle's performance and/or the driver's ability to drive the vehicle. For example, one of more sensors may be used to sense the driver's attentiveness to driving. As a more specific example, one of more sensors can be used to monitor the driver's eye position to determine whether the driver is primarily focused on the road or is distracted. As another example, the driver sensors may be used to sense the driver's gestures, which may be processed into a particular command. As a more specific example, the driver may wave his/her hand to indicate increase or decrease the value of the radio. As yet another example, the acoustic sensors may be used to sense ambient noise, which may be used in a noise canceling scheme.
• A plurality of actuators838-840 may be used for airbag deployment, driver stimulus, and/or any other actuator that may be used to enhance performance of the vehicle and or the driver's ability to drive the vehicle. For example, if the data produced by the driver sensors indicate that the driver is not paying attention, a driver or stimulator within the steering wheel may be actuated to alert the driver to his/her inattentiveness.
• The steering wheelnetwork node module836 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, the network node module may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 52 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module856 that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for the dashboard of a vehicle communication network. Thenetwork node module856 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, a plurality of sensors858-860, a plurality of user inputs, a plurality of user outputs, and may further include one or more actuators (none shown).
• The user inputs are used for radio control, environment control (e.g., air conditioning, heater, fan speed, etc.), GPS control, and/or other vehicle system controls. For example, a user input may used to change the temperature and or fan speed within the vehicle.
• The user outputs are used to inform the driver of various vehicle conditions. For example, the user outputs may include one or more displays, one or more gauges, a GPS display, a heads-up display, audible alarms, visual alarms, etc. As a more specific example, one gauge may be used for fuel level, a second gauge for battery level, a third gauge for RPMs, etc.
• The plurality of sensors858-860 may includeoccupant sensors858, acoustic sensors860, temperature sensors, and/or any other sensors that sense in-cabin conditions that may affect the vehicle's performance and/or the occupant's comfort and/or safety within the vehicle. For example, the acoustic sensors860 may be used to sense ambient noise, which may be used in a noise canceling scheme. As another example, the accident sensors may detect the presence of other occupants in the vehicle, which may be used for air bag enablement/disablement, audio performance optimization (e.g., noise cancellation, surround sound, etc.), climate optimization, etc.
• A plurality of actuators may be used for airbag deployment and/or any other actuator that may be used to enhance performance of the vehicle and or the occupants' comfort and/or safety within the vehicle.
• The dashboardnetwork node module856 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, thenetwork node module856 may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 53 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for a front seat of a vehicle communication network. Thenetwork node module862 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, a plurality of sensors, and a plurality of actuators.
• The plurality of sensors may be used to sense occupants' movement, position, posture etc. The plurality of actuators may be used to adjust the seat position, heating the seat, cooling the seat, providing a massage function, etc. For example, the sensors may provide information to a seat electronic control unit the other network fabric, where the seat electronic control unit interprets the data to determine an occupant's movement posture, position etc. In this instance, the seat electronic control unit generates control signals that are transmitted via the network fabric to the seatnetwork note module862, which the actuators receive and adjust the seats position accordingly.
• The seatnetwork node module862 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, thenetwork node module862 may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 54 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for a door of a vehicle communication network. Each of thenetwork node modules864 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, a plurality of sensors858-860 and866-868, a plurality of user inputs, one ormore cameras876, one or more user outputs, and a plurality of actuators872-874.
• The user inputs may include window control (e.g., up, down, lock, etc.), mirror control (for the driver door), seat control, etc. The user outputs may include one or more audio outputs (e.g., speaker or speaker driver), alarms, etc.
• The plurality of sensors858-860 and866-868 may includewindow sensors866 for sensing motion, interfering objects (e.g., hand, arm, etc.) and/or other window sensory functions. The sensors may also includemirror sensors868, activate sensors, acoustic sensors860, and or any other sensors that may be implemented in the door that enhance performance of the vehicle, occupants and/or driver comfort, and/or safety of the vehicle.
• The plurality of actuators872-874 may includewindow actuators872,minor actuators874, and/or any other actuator that may enhance the performance of the vehicle, enhance occupant and/or driver comfort, and/or enhanced safety of the vehicle. In addition, the actuators may include airbag actuators for side airbags and/or other safety related actuators.
• Thecamera876 may be used to record in cabin video of the driver, occupants, etc. For example, the video may be used to detect driver distractions, which may be interpreted by an electronic control unit to generate a corresponding response to minimize the driver's distraction.
• The doornetwork node module864 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, thenetwork node module864 may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 55 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for a rear seat of a vehicle communication network. Thenetwork node module878 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, a plurality of sensors, one or more rearseat entertainment input880, one or more rear seat entertainment outputs882, and a plurality of actuators.
• The plurality of sensors may be used to sense occupants' movement, position, posture etc. The plurality of actuators may be used to adjust the seat position, heating the seat, cooling the seat, providing a massage function, etc. For example, the sensors may provide information to a seat electronic control unit the other network fabric, where the seat electronic control unit interprets the data to determine an occupant's movement posture, position etc. In this instance, the seat electronic control unit generates control signals that are transmitted via the network fabric to the seatnetwork note module878, which the actuators receive and adjust the seats position accordingly.
• The rearseat entertainment inputs880 andoutputs882 relate to a rear seat entertainment unit (e.g., DVD player, CD player, videogame console, etc.). The rearseat entertainment inputs880 may relate to source selection (e.g., DVD, CD, video game, etc.), channel selection, volume control, video game controller, etc. The rear seat entertainment outputs882 may be a display, headphone jack, speakers, a 3-D display, etc. Note that if the rearseat entertainment inputs880 and/oroutputs882 are digital devices, the correspondingADC792 orDAC790 may be omitted.
• The rear seatnetwork node module878 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, thenetwork node module878 may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 56 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for an engine of a vehicle communication network. Thenetwork node module884 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, a plurality of sensors886-892, a plurality of actuators894-900, and/or a plurality of electronic control units (ECU)902-908.
• The plurality of electronic control units902-908 includes one or more engine control units902, one or more by-wire applications904 (e.g., drive by wire, steer by wire, brake by wire, etc.), safety related functions906, and/or diagnostic functions908. For each type of electronic control unit902-908, thenetwork node module884 may include one or more sensors and/or one or more actuators. For example, if thenetwork node module884 includes an engine electronic control unit902, thenetwork node module884 may also include one ormore engine actuators894 and/or one ormore engine sensors886. As another example, if thenetwork node module884 includes a by-wireelectronic control unit904, thenetwork node module884 may also include one or more by-wire actuators896 and/or one or more by-wire sensors888. As yet another example, if thenetwork node module884 includes one or more safety electronic control units906, thenetwork node module884 may also include one or more safety actuators989 and/or one ormore safety sensors890. As a further example, if thenetwork node module884 includes one or more diagnostic electronic control units908, thenetwork node module884 may also include one or morediagnostic actuators900 and/or one or morediagnostic sensors892.
• The enginenetwork node module884 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, thenetwork node module884 may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• FIG. 57 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of a network node module that may be used as an assembly (or portion thereof) for a transmission of a vehicle communication network. Thenetwork node module910 includes theswitching circuit module786, a plurality of network interfaces (N/W I/F)788, a plurality ofADCs792, a plurality ofDACs790, a plurality of sensors888-892 and912, a plurality of actuators896-900 and914, and/or a plurality of electronic control units (ECU)904-908 and916.
• The plurality of electronic control units904-908 and916 includes one or moretransmission control units916, one or more by-wire applications904 (e.g., drive by wire, steer by wire, brake by wire, etc.), safety related functions906, and/or diagnostic functions908. For each type of electronic control unit, thenetwork node module910 may include one or more sensors and/or one or more actuators. For example, if thenetwork node module910 includes a transmissionelectronic control unit916, thenetwork node module910 may also include one ormore transmission actuators914 and/or one or more transmission sensors912. As another example, if thenetwork node module910 includes a by-wireelectronic control unit904, thenetwork node module910 may also include one or more by-wire actuators896 and/or one or more by-wire sensors888. As yet another example, if the network node by includes one or more safety electronic control units906, thenetwork node module910 may also include one ormore safety actuators898 and/or one ormore safety sensors890. As a further example, if thenetwork node module910 includes one or more diagnostic electronic control units908, thenetwork node module910 may also include one or morediagnostic actuators900 and/or one or morediagnostic sensors892.
• The transmissionnetwork node module910 may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits, may include more or less components than shown, and/or may be implemented as one or more network node modules. For example, thenetwork node module910 may be implemented using one integrated circuit to support the circuitry of theport812, the switchingcircuit module786, and the network interfaces788, the digital toanalog converters790, and the analogdigital converters792. The other components are implemented on a common integrated circuit, separate integrated circuits, and/or as standalone components.
• Note that each of the network node modules ofFIGS. 43-57 may be stand-alone network node module coupled to a switch module or to a bridge-routing module. Alternatively, or in addition to, each of the network node module ofFIGS. 43-57 may be a device module coupled to a network node as shown inFIGS. 41 and 42.
• FIG. 58 is a schematic block diagram of an example of an occupant environment within a vehicle. The occupant environment includes a seat, a plurality of sensors918-930, and a plurality ofactuators932. The sensors918-930 may beaudio sensors920,climate sensors918,seat sensors922,infrared sensors924,radio frequency sensors926, and/ortouch sensors928. Theactuators932 may beseat actuators932. The sensors918-930 andactuators932 may be in a steering wheel network node module, within a seat network node module, within a door network node module, and/or within a dashboard network node module.
• Thetouch sensor928 may be used to detect whether the driver has one or more hands on the steering wheel. The touch sense data is communicated via the network fabric to a processing module that interprets the data. For example, the processing module may interpret the touch sensed data to determine whether the driver has one or more hands on the steering wheel, the position of the driver's hands, the force at which the driver is grabbing the steering wheel, etc. Based on this data, the processing module may generate one or more responses. For example, if the data indicates that the driver has his or her hands off the steering wheel for a predetermined period of time, the processing module may generate an audible and/or visual alarm. As another example, if the data indicates that the driver is grabbing the steering wheel with excessive force, the processing module may generate control signals that activate a chair massage to relax the driver.
• Theinfrared sensors924 and/or theRF sensors926 may be used to track the eye movement of the driver, the driver's head position, the driver's hand and/or body movement, hand gestures, etc. The driver sensed data is communicated via the network fabric to a processing module that interprets the data. For example processing module may interpret the driver sensed data to determine whether the driver is focused on the road, is distracted, is falling asleep, is indicating a visual command, etc. Based on this data, the processing module may generate one or more responses. For example, if the driver is determined to be falling asleep, the processing module may generate an audible alarm, a visual alarm, may activate one or more seat actuators to shake the driver, etc.
• Theaudio sensors920 may be used to detect ambient noise, receive audible commands from a vehicle occupant, etc. The audio data is communicated via the fabric network to one or more processing modules that interpret the audio data. For example, if the sensor is detecting ambient noise, the processing module may utilize the ambient noise audio data for noise cancellation, surround sound balancing, in-cabin equalization, and/or other audio processing adjustments. As another example, if the audio relates to a voice command, a corresponding processing module interprets the voice command and generates a corresponding response. As a specific example, the voice command may be to adjust the seat position. In this specific example, the processing module generates one or more commands that it provides, via the network fabric, to one or more seat actuators, which process the commands to adjust the seat.
• Theclimate sensors918 may be used to detect ambient temperature, air movement, air quality, etc. The climate sensed data is provided to one or more processing modules via the network fabric. The processing modules interpret the climate sensed data and, based on this interpretation, the processing module may generate one or more responses. For example, if the climate sensed data indicates that the temperature is above a desired setting, the processing module may generate one or more commands to lower the terminal temperature, increase the fan rate, and/or other climate adjustment. Such commands are provided via the network fabric to the corresponding actuators. As another example, if the climate sensed data indicates that the air quality is below a desired setting, the processing module may generate a command to enable air filtering, switch to internal circulation of air to bringing in external air, the reverse, etc.
• FIG. 59 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing occupant sensed data that begins by determining whether one or more persons are in thevehicle934. If only the driver is in the vehicle, the method proceeds by a receiving driver sentenceddata936. If, however, there are other occupants besides the driver in the vehicle, the method continues by receiving driver sensed data and other occupant senseddata938.
• The method continues by processing the driver senseddata940 and, if any, the other occupant senseddata942. For other occupant sensed data, the method continues by determining whether the occupant sensed data indicates whether an environmental adjustment should be made944. For example, if the ambient temperature is above a desired setting, an adjustment may be made to the temperature setting and/or to the fan rate. As another example, if the occupant sensed data relates to a change in the occupants seat position, the processing module generates the corresponding commands, which are provided via the network fabric to the appropriate actuators. At this point, with respect to the occupant sensed data, the method repeats946.
• For driver sensitive data, the method continues by determining whether the driver's actions relate to asafety issue948. If not, the method continues by determining whether the driver's actions relate to acontrol gesture950. If not, the process continues by adjusting the environment based on the driver sensed data944. Note that the adjustment to the environment may be based on both the driver sensed data and the other occupants sensed data.
• If the driver's actions relate to a safety issue, the method continues by determining whether there is also an externally sensed safety issue952 (e.g., a potential collision detection, icy road conditions detection, tire blowout detection, etc.). If not, the processing module generates one or more control signals to activate a driver awareness measure (e.g., an audible alarm, a visual alarm, shake the seat, etc.) in response to the driver's inattentiveness to driving954.
• If there is also an externally sensed safety issue, the method continues by activating auto safety precaution measures (e.g., auto braking, auto steering, auto transmission adjustment, etc.)956. The method continues by determining whether the auto safety measures were successful in avoiding anaccident958. If yes, the method repeats960. If not, the method continues by recording the driver sensed data in a one-time programmable (OTP)memory device962.
• FIG. 60 is a diagram of an example of a movingrecording time window964 for recording real-time data, such as sensor data (e.g., driver sensed data and/or occupant sensed data) captured by one or more sensors within the vehicle. Therecording time window964 may have a fixed duration, such as a few minutes in length to one or more hours in length. Provided that the vehicle is not in an accident, older driver sensed data is overwritten with newer driver sensed data as therecording time window964 moves forward intime966.
• When anaccident970 is detected, therecording time window964 is frozen such that a sufficient amount of data preceding theaccident970 and following theaccident970 is stored in a one-time programmable memory device. For example, if thetime window964 is 45 minutes in duration, the 30 minutes preceding theaccident970 and the minutes following theaccident970 may be frozen and provided to the one-time programmable memory device.
• In addition to recording sensor data during vehicle operation, video data of the exterior and/or interior of the vehicle may be recorded in a one-time programmable memory device when anaccident970 is detected. The video data may further include audio data, if the camera is capable of capturing sound. In this instance, the exterior video data may be recorded in the same one-time programmable memory device or its own one-time programmable memory device. Note that each camera may have its own one-time programmable memory device, share a one-time programmable memory device, and/or a combination thereof.
• In addition to recording data during vehicle operation, the system may be enabled to record proximity video data when the vehicle is in a parking lot and/or when the vehicle is not in operation. In this instance, if anaccident970 happens while the vehicle is not operating (e.g., is parked in a parking lot), therecording time window964 will be frozen around theaccident970. In this manner, video evidence may be obtained of the vehicle or vehicles causing the accident, even if the driver of the other vehicle or vehicles leaves the scene ofaccident970.
• FIG. 61 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of one or more vehicleblack boxes972. Each videoblack box972 may receivevideo data974 captured by one or moreperipheral cameras976 andsensor data978 captured by one ormore sensors980. In general, the videoblack box972 includes memory that stores the corresponding real-time data during the recording time window and includes circuitry that when an accident is sensed, freezes the recording time window, and downloads the real-time data within the frozen recording time window in a one-time programmable memory.
• FIG. 62 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a vehicleblack box972 that includes aport982, anetwork interface module984,random access memory986, aprocessing module988, alocal power source990, a one-timeprogrammable memory992, and a radiofrequency interface module994. Thelocal power source990 may be a battery, power harvesting circuit (e.g., generates a supply voltage from radio frequency signals, heat, solar energy, etc.), a battery charger, and/or a combination thereof.
• In an example of operation, the vehicleblack box972 is coupled to anetwork switch module996 and receives video data and/or sensor data therefrom. Thenetwork interface module984 provides the real-time data (video and/or sensor data) to theRAM986 and to theprocessing module988. Theprocessing module988 facilitates the storage of the real-time data in theRAM986. The amount of storage within theRAM986 and the amount of data per second correspond to the recording time window. For example, if theRAM986 has a storage capacity of 250 Gb, the data rate is 10 Mb per second, theRAM986 can store 25,000 seconds of data (e.g., approximately 7 hours). Note that the recording time window may be shorter than the capacity of the memory and corresponding data rate (e.g., it may be an hour for a 7 hour capable memory/data rate combination).
• As time passes without an accident, the older data stored in theRAM986 is overwritten with newer data. When an accident is detected, a collision indication is provided to theprocessing module988, which instructs theRAM986 to download the real-time data within theRAM988 to the one-timeprogrammable memory992. In one embodiment, theprocessing module988 instructs theRAM986 to begin downloading data to theOTP memory992 with the data immediately preceding and immediately following the collision indication such that the most likely relevant data is stored first. Once this data is stored, theprocessing module988 may instruct theRAM986 to download additional data. In addition, theprocessing module988 may activate thelocal power source990, which provides power to the videoblack box972 to enable the downloading of data to the one-timeprogrammable memory992. In other embodiments, thelocal power source990 may further provide power to one or more external devices within the vehicle via the vehicular communication network throughport982.
• The data stored in the one-timeprogrammable memory992 may be retrieved through theRF interface994 in accordance with a one-timeprogrammable memory992 communication protocol. For instance, after an accident, emergency services may utilize a radio to communicate with theRF interface994 to access the data in the one-timeprogrammable memory992. To protect the data, the communication protocol is proprietary to the auto manufacturer and the emergency services such that only emergency services may access the data.
• In the alternative and depending on the severity of damage to the vehicle, the one-timeprogrammable memory992 may be accessed via the network fabric (vehicular communication network) throughport982. In this instance, a computer device coupled to the network fabric may access the data stored in the one-timeprogrammable memory992. In this manner, an entity that is authorized to access a vehicle network fabric may retrieve the data.
• FIG. 66 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for controlling power distribution within a vehicular communication network that may be performed by a POE distribution module within a network node module. The method begins by monitoring current draw of each device of thenetwork node module1074. The method continues by determining whether the current draw for each device exceeds acurrent limit threshold1076.
• If the current draw of a device exceeds the current limit, the POE distribution module disables power to thedevice1078 and sends a corresponding message to thePOE management module1080. The method then continues by determining whether to resume providing power to thedevice1082. Such a determination may be based on receiving a signal from the POE management module, a retry mechanism, an indication that the device has been replaced, and/or another indication. If power to the device is to be resumed, the method continues by enabling power to thedevice1084. Note that the monitoring of the current draw of a device and corresponding disabling power to the device is done on a device-by-device basis.
• If the current draw of the devices does not exceed a current limit, the method continues by determining whether a message to reset a device is received1086. If yes, the method continues by disabling power to thedevice1078 and sending a corresponding message to thePOE management module1080. The POE distribution module will resume providing Power to the device upon receipt of a message from the POE management module to do so.
• If a message to reset a device is not received, the message continues by determining whether a message to power down a device is received1088. If not, the method repeats as shown. If so, the method continues by disabling power to theparticular device1078 and sending a message to the POE management module that the device has been powered down1080. The POE distribution module will resume providing Power to the device upon receipt of a message from the POE management module to do so.
• FIG. 67 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of anetwork interface1026 within a vehicular communication network. Thenetwork interface1026 of a network node module includes anetwork transceiver1090 and protocol processing unit that includes aprotocol controller1092 and/or aprocessing module1094. Thenetwork transceiver1090 provides the physical layer interface to the network fabric for the corresponding device. The controller functions to receive and store bits to/from theprocessing module1094, which functions to interpret messages and generate messages corresponding to the data to/from the network fabric.
• In an example of operation, thenetwork transceiver1090 receives data from a device. As shown, the device is an electronic control unit (ECU)1096 that functions in accordance with an existing vehicle communication protocol (e.g., one of the protocols referenced inFIG. 1), but may be any vehicle device. In this example, thenetwork transceiver1090 receives a legacy protocol formattedframe1098 from theECU1096. Theprocessing module1094 and/orprotocol controller1092 interpret the frame to determine that it is alegacy protocol frame1098, includes raw data, or is formatted in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol.
• For the legacy protocol, theprocessing module1094 and/orcontroller1092 then determines to re-packetize the frame or to encapsulate thelegacy protocol frame1098 in thepayload section1114 of a modified network frame/packet1100. In addition, theprocessing module1094 and/orcontroller1092 generates the data for thevehicle network field1106 of the modified network frames/packet1100. For example, if theECU1096 relates to a mission-critical function, the appropriate data will be inserted into thevehicle network field1106.
• To re-packetize a frame, theprocessing module1094 and/orprotocol controller1092 interprets thelegacy protocol frame1098 to extract a destination address, source address, type/length information, payload, cyclic redundancy check, and any other relevant information of thelegacy protocol frame1098. Having extracted this data, theprocessing module1094 and/orprotocol controller1092 reconstructs the modifiednetwork packet1100 to include apreamble1102, start offrame1104,vehicle network field1106, thedestination address1108, thesource address1110, type/length1112, thepayload1114, thecyclic redundancy check1116, and agap1118 in accordance with the protocol of the vehicle network communication system.
• To encapsulate thelegacy protocol frame1098 into a modifiednetwork frame1100, theprocessing module1094 and/orprotocol controller1092 interprets thelegacy frame1098 to extract the destination address and the source address. Theprocessing module1094 and/orprotocol controller1092 generates apreamble1102, start offrame1104, thevehicle network field1106, thedestination address1108 based on the extracted destination address, asource address1110 based on the extracted source address, a type/length1112, apayload1114 that includes at least a portion of thelegacy protocol frame1098, theCRC1116, and agap1118. Depending on the length of thelegacy protocol frame1098, it may be completely encapsulated in thepayload1114 of the modifiednetwork frame1100 or divided into sections, where each section is encapsulated in thepayload1114 of a modifiednetwork frame1100.
• For raw data (i.e., a signal stream not formatted in accordance with a legacy protocol or with the global vehicle network communication protocol), the protocol processing module converts the data into one or more packets (or frames) in accordance with the global vehicle network communication protocol. For global vehicle network communication protocol frames (or packets), the protocol processing module provides the frames (or packets) to the network transceiver in accordance with the locally managed prioritization scheme.
• For an incoming packet from the network fabric, theprocessing module1094 and/orprotocol controller1092 interprets thevehicle network field1106 to determine the type of frame or packet (and its priority level). Based on this information, theprocessing module1094 and/orprotocol controller1092 facilitates prioritize processing of the packet/frame1100 as previously discussed or as may be subsequently discussed. In addition, theprocessing module1094 and/orprotocol controller1092 may packetize theincoming packet1100 into the legacy protocol frame1098 (or multiple legacy protocol frames) or convert the incoming packet into raw data.
• FIG. 68A is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for managing devices coupled to the vehicular communication network that may be performed by a network node module, such as a multiple device network node module, a switching module and/or a bridge/routing module. The method begins by configuring the network node module in accordance with a particular use mode of a set ofuse modes1101. Each use mode defines the rights and privileges for devices to operate in the vehicular communication network. Each use mode may be implemented, for example, by an access control matrix or other type of access rules table that enables the network access rights to be enforced. For example, the access control matrix may indicate the rules for device detection, device authentication, identifying damaged devices and disabling damaged devices, as will be described in more detail below in connection withFIGS. 69-71.
• Upon being configured in accordance with a particular use mode of the set of use modes, the method continues by identifying a device coupled to thevehicular communication network1103. The device may be a newly added device or an existing device. For example, the device may be a device within a multiple device network node module or another network node module. The method continues by managing the device in accordance with the use mode (e.g., enabling the device to operate within the vehicular communication network in accordance with the use mode)1105. For example, the network node module can authenticate a new device based on the use mode (i.e., the use mode may indicate whether or not a particular new device is allowed and the contact information for authenticating the new device). As another example, the network node module can monitor an existing device (i.e., by comparing stored expected data and/or power consumption information to the actual consumption of an existing device) to determine whether that existing device is damaged and/or disable a damaged device based on the use mode.
• The method continues by determining whether the use mode has been changed1107. In one embodiment, the network node module is securely reconfigurable to any use mode in the set of use modes. For example, an authorized agent may access the network node module via a direct (wireline) connection or a wireless connection to the network node module and/or the vehicular communication network to select a particular use mode. The use mode may be selected, for example, based on the make/model of the vehicle, the country to which the vehicle is destined and any other factor(s). If the use mode has changed, the method continues by reconfiguring the network node in accordance with thenew use mode1101. If not, the method continues by managing the same or another device(s) in accordance with thecurrent use mode1103.
• FIG. 68B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of anetwork node module1109 that includes aport1111, anetwork interface1113, a device1115 (which may be a new device or an existing device), amemory1117 and aprocessing module1119. Thememory1115 maintains a set of use modes1121, which may include, for example, a respective access control matrix for each use mode. Thememory1115 may further maintain separately or as part of the access control matrix authentication information for one or more new devices, such as contact information for a remote source to authenticate a new device, and expected data and/or power consumption information for an existing device.
• In an example of operation, thenetwork node module1109 is coupled to the vehicular communication network viaport1111 andnetwork interface1113 to receive input from an authorized agent selecting a particular use mode1121. In another embodiment, the use mode selection may be input directly to the network node module via a direct (wired) connection or a wireless connection. Upon receiving the selected use mode, theprocessing module1119 accesses thememory1117 to retrieve the selected use mode1121 and configures thenetwork node module1109 in accordance with the selected use mode1121. Based on the selected use mode1121, theprocessing module1119 manages thedevice1115 by enabling the device to operate within the vehicular communication network in accordance with the selected use mode1121.
• FIG. 69 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for adding a device to a vehicular communication network in accordance with a particular use mode that may be performed by a network node module, such as a multiple device network node module, a switching module and/or a bridge-routing module. The method begins by a detecting the connection of a new device, which may be a new network node module or a new device on anetwork node module1120. The method continues by assigning a restricted use network address to thenew device1122. The restricted use network address allows the new device to communicate via the network fabric of the vehicular communication network for communication setup information only. As such, the new device is prohibited from accessing the network fabric for any other purpose until the restricted use address is replaced with a network address. To enforce this restriction, the network fabric module interprets the packets from a new device to determine whether its contents are related to communications set up. If not, the packet is discarded and not placed on the network fabric.
• The method continues by obtaining authentication information (e.g., serial number, manufacturer ID code, etc.) from the new device using the restricteduse network address1124. The method continues by accessing a remote source via the gateway (e.g., a wireless connection through the gateway) to authenticate thenew device1126. For example, if the new device is a replacement device, the remote source may be the automobile manufacturer, an authorized service provider, etc. As another example, the new device may be a new component (e.g., a new control unit, a new interface, etc.) being added to the vehicular communication network and the remote source may be an authorized supplier or the automobile manufacturer. The network fabric module retrieves contact information for the remote source, accesses the remote source using the contact information and provides the authentication information regarding the new device to the remote source for verification of the device. The contact information for the remote source may be, for example, maintained within the internal memory of the network fabric module, stored within a memory of the vehicular communication network and retrieved into the internal memory of the network fabric module or downloaded into the internal memory of the network fabric module from another external (remote) source.
• The method continues by receiving verification information from theremote source1128. The verification information may indicate that the new device is a device that can be reliably added to the network or may indicate that the device could not be authenticated with instructions to either not add the device to the network or allow the installer to override the verification information (e.g., using a password or other override code).
• The method continues by determining whether the new device was authenticated by the remote source1130 (or authenticated by override of the installer). If yes, the process continues by converting the restricted use network address into anetwork address1132 and updating the various databases of the vehicular communication network with the new network address of thenew device1134.
• If the new device was not authenticated, the process continues by determining whether there is another source that may be accessed1136. If yes, the process repeats as shown. If not, the method continues by denying the new device access to thenetwork1138 and, if possible, disabling power to thenew device1140. The disabling of the power may be done as previously discussed with reference to one or more ofFIGS. 63-66 or as may be discussed with reference to one or more ofFIGS. 70A and 70B.
• FIG. 70A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of anew device1142 coupled to aswitch module1144 within a vehicular communication network. In this diagram, a new device1142 (e.g., a network node with a single device or a network node with a plurality of devices where one of the devices is new or all of devices are new) receives its power from a power over Ethernet (POE)connection1150 from aswitch module1148 and/or from apower line1146 via aswitch1148.
• If, as discussed with reference toFIG. 69, thenew device1142 is not authenticated, theswitch module1148 may disable thePOE1150 to the new device thereby disabling it. Alternatively, or in addition to, if thenew device1142 receives power from thepower line1146, a processing module of the network manager may disable theswitch1148 that couples thenew device1142 to thepower line1146 thereby disabling thenew device1142. In either configuration, anew device1142 that is not authenticated may readily have the power removed from it thereby effectively disabling it.
• FIG. 70B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of anew device1142 added to anetwork node module1154 that includes aport1152, aswitching circuit module1056, a plurality ofnetwork interfaces1158, at least one existingdevice1160, at least onenew device1142, one ormore switches1148, a DC-DC converter1162, and apower distribution module1164. Upon detection of thenew device1142, thepower distribution module1164 enables power to be provided to thenew device1142 either via thepower line1146 or the power over Ethernet (POE)1150.
• If thenew device1142 is not authenticated as discussed with reference toFIG. 69, thepower distribution module1164 removes power from thenew device1142. This may be done by disabling theswitch1148 that couples thenew device1142 to thepower line1146 or by disabling thePOE connection1150. In either event, thenew device1142 is powered down and thus disabled. Note that thepower distribution module1164 may receive a control signal from theswitching module1156, or other network fabric module, to remove power from thenew device1142.
• FIG. 71 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for monitoring an existing device in accordance with a particular use mode to determine whether the existing device is a damaged device within a vehicular communication network. The method ofFIG. 71 may be performed by a network fabric module, such as a network node module, a switch module, and/or a bridge-routing module. The method begins with monitoring actual consumption of the existing device, where the actual consumption includes at least one of data consumption of the existing device1166 (on one path) and power consumption of the existing device1168 (on another path). Note that the existing device may be a network node module with one or more devices or a device of a network node module.
• For the data consumption path, the method continues by determining whether the data consumption of the existing device deviates from an expected level ofdata consumption1170. Such expected consumption information (expected level of data consumption and standard deviation therefrom) may be, for example, maintained within the internal memory of the network fabric module, stored within a memory of the vehicular communication network and retrieved into the internal memory of the network fabric module or downloaded into the internal memory of the network fabric module from an external (remote) source. The expected level of data consumption and standard deviation therefrom is based on the type of device (e.g., a display, an electronic control unit, a sensor, an actuator, etc.). For example, a display that is enabled to receive a video file will consume a certain amount of data per time interval (e.g., 2 Mb per second for standard television formatting).
• If an existing device is consuming data a rate that is outside of the standard deviation, the method continues by determining whether there is a valid reason for thedata consumption deviation1172. For example, a valid reason may include a busy sensor due to driving conditions (e.g., a car on a racetrack) or a rarely used sensor due to driving conditions (e.g., stuck in traffic). If the reason is valid, the method repeats as shown.
• If, however, the reason is not valid, the method continues by flagging the device is damaged1174. The method continues by disabling the damaged device (e.g., remove power) or reducing the damaged device's access to thenetwork fabric1176. For example, the network fabric module may use a sliding scale based on type of device to reduce access to the vehicular communication network, such that mission critical devices are not prevented from accessing the vehicular communication network for mission critical operations. In addition, a service indication may be generated regarding the damaged device.
• For the power consumption path, the method continues by determining whether the power consumption of the device deviates from an expected level ofpower consumption1178. Again, such expected consumption information (expected level of power consumption and standard deviation therefrom) may be, for example, maintained within the internal memory of the network fabric module, stored within a memory of the vehicular communication network and retrieved into the internal memory of the network fabric module or downloaded into the internal memory of the network fabric module from an external (remote) source. The expected level of power consumption and standard deviation therefrom is based on the type of device (e.g., a display, an electronic control unit, a sensor, an actuator, relay, etc.). For example, a display that is enabled to receive a video file will consume a certain amount of power (e.g., 2 Watts).
• If an existing device is consuming power at a level that is outside of the standard deviation, the method continues by determining whether there is a valid reason for thedata consumption deviation1180. For example, driving conditions dictate a much higher or lower rate of use and thus a much higher or lower power consumption.
• If, however, the reason is not valid, the method continues by flagging the device is damaged1182 (e.g., is shorting or is an open circuit). The method continues by disabling the damaged device (e.g., remove power) or reducing the damaged device's access to thenetwork fabric1184. In addition, a service indication may be generated regarding the damaged device.
• FIG. 72 is an example diagram of an embodiment of network and/or resource planning within a vehicular communication network. In this example, where possible, like devices are logically grouped together and coupled to a grouped set of network modules (e.g., switch modules, bridge-routing modules, etc.). For example, mission critical sources (e.g., safety sensors)1186, mission critical destinations1188 (e.g., safety actuators), and mission critical processing modules1190 (e.g., safety ECUs) are coupled to a set ofswitch modules1192 and bridge-routing modules1194. Similarly, video sources1196 (e.g., cameras, GPS navigation system, video game consoles, etc.), video processing modules1198 (e.g., graphics engine, video decoder, video encoder, etc.), and video destinations1200 (e.g., displays, etc.) are coupled to a set ofswitch modules1192 and bridge-routing modules1194. The same type of grouping may be done forvehicle operation sources1202,destinations1206, andprocessing resources1204 and forsafety sources1208,safety destinations1210, andsafety processing resources1212.
• By grouping the network node devices of the vehicle network communications system, the network fabric is capable of supporting multiple simultaneous packet communications. For example,vehicle operation data1220 may be routed from avehicle operation source1202 to a vehicleoperation processing resource1204 concurrently with routing entertainment video data1216 from avideo processing resource1198 to avideo destination1200 as long as the routings of the respective data do not use common resources of the network fabric.
• FIG. 73 is an example diagram of an embodiment of a packet queue for concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network. The queue includes aqueue address1222, apacket field identifier1224, asource identifier1226, adestination identifier1228, andnetwork resources1230. From this data, a network manager (centralized or distributed) may identify packets that may be concurrently transmitted.
• For example the first entry in the queue has a queue address of 001 and identifies mission-critical packet number one, which has a source of mission-critical sensor one, a destination of mission-critical processing module three anduses switching modules2 and3 and bridge-routingmodule1 as the network resources. Since this is the first packet in the queue, it has priority for transmission. That being said, other packets that use different network resources may be concurrently transmitted without interfering with the priority of the first packet.
• In this example the packet atqueue address 003 and the packet atqueue address 007 used different network resources that the packet atqueue address 001 and used different network resources and each other. As such, these packets may be simultaneously transmitted via the network fabric with acceptably negligible interference on each other.
• FIG. 74 is an example diagram of concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network based on the packets of the queue inFIG. 73. As shown, at a given time tx, three packets can be concurrently transmitted since they use non-overlapping network fabric resources. At time tx+1, another three packets may be concurrently transmitted since they do not use overlapping network fabric resources. Similarly at time tx+2, three packets may be concurrently transmitted. For the remaining time intervals, based upon the remaining packets in the queue, each packet is singularly transmitted in a corresponding time interval to avoid the use of overlapping resources within the network fabric.
• FIG. 75 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for concurrent packet transmissions within a vehicular communication network that may be performed by a network manager, a switch module, a bridge-routing module, and/or a network node module. The method begins by receiving a packet from a device, network node module, a switching module, and/or a bridge-routing module1232. The method continues by determining the source and destination of the packet, which may be done by interpreting the respective fields of thepacket1234. Network resources are determined based on a packet's source and destination atblock1236.
• The method continues by entering the packet into a queue based on aprioritization scheme1238. Various types of prioritization schemes have been discussed with reference to one or more preceding figures and may be further discussed with reference to one or more subsequent figures. In addition to prioritizing the packet within the queue based on the prioritization scheme, the network resources are recorded in the queue. The network resources may be determined from a network topographical map (or database) that includes known sources, known destinations, known redundant paths, known device states, and known network connections there between.
• The method continues by determining whether a higher priority packet that uses different network resources is in thequeue1240. If yes, the method continues by associating transmission of the present packet with the higher priority packet forconcurrent transmission1242. The higher priority packet may be the next packet to be transmitted or it may be further down in the queue.
• If there are no higher priority packets within the queue that use different network resources, the method continues by determining whether the network resources of the present packet may be adjusted1244. For example, there may be multiple routes between a source and destination, where one route is the primary route. If the primary route has a network resource conflict with other packets higher in the queue, then a determination is made as to whether the other potential routes may be used that avoid a network resource conflict. If not, the packet is placed in the queue and is transmitted in accordance with its priority in the queue.
• If the network resources for the current packet can be adjusted, the method continues by adjusting the network resources to avoid theconflict1246. In this instance, the adjustment of the network resources may be a temporary adjustment for this packet and recorded within the databases as such. Alternatively, this may be a permanent adjustment in network resources, which is recorded in the appropriate network databases.
• Within the network fabric, each switch module, bridge-routing module, and network node module contains one or more queues. Each of the queues may be dedicated to a particular type of packet, to a particular port, or ports, etc. Connecting modules (e.g., a switch module & bridge-routing module; two bridge-routing modules; a network node module & switch module; a network node module & a bridge-routing module) coordinate the transmission of packets there between utilizing the method ofFIG. 75 and/or any other method described herein
• FIG. 76 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of adata bridge1248 coupling a higherpriority network fabric1250 to a lowerpriority network fabric1252 within a vehicular communication network. The high-priority network fabric1250, which typically supports higher priority packets than the lower priority network fabric, includes a plurality of switch modules (SW mod)1254, a plurality of bridge-routing modules, and a plurality of network node modules, which support a plurality of resources (e.g.,processing module resources1256 and memory resources1258). The lowerpriority network fabric1252 includes a plurality ofswitch modules1254, a plurality of bridge-routing modules, and a plurality of network node modules, which support a plurality of resources. The details of the network fabrics have been discussed in detail with reference toFIGS. 13-57 and will be discussed in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 87-99.
• Thedata bridge1248 includes a plurality of redundancy/backup modules1260 (as discussed in detail with reference toFIG. 17), a plurality ofpacket ingress units1262, a plurality ofpacket egress units1264, aprocessing module1266, andmemory1268. Each of the redundancy/backup modules1260 is coupled to aswitch module1254 of a network fabric1250-1252, apacket egress unit1264, and apacket ingress unit1262. As an alternative, a redundancy/backup module1260 may be coupled to a bridge-routing module within the corresponding network fabric1250-1252. Theprocessing module1266 is configured to implement a high-to-lowpriority transfer process1270 and a low-to-highpacket transfer process1272. Thememory1268 stores one or more of thedatabases1274, which include a forwarding database, a filtering database, a routing table, a network protocol database, an information/entertainment database, a vehicle operation database, a mission-critical database, and/or a network topology database.
• In an example of operation, the redundancy/backup module1260 receives a packet from the higherpriority network fabric1250. The packet may contain data in its payload having one or more destinations coupled to the lowerpriority network fabric1252 or the packet may contain a request for resources within its payload. In either case, the redundancy/backup module1260 provides the packet to thepacket ingress unit1262. Thepacket ingress unit1262 temporarily stores and filters the packet. For example, thepacket ingress unit1262 accesses a source and/or destination filter that contains network addresses of sources of the high-priority network fabric1250 and/or destinations of the lowerpriority network fabric1252 that are currently prohibited from transmitting or receiving packets from the other network fabric. If the packet is not filtered, it is placed in an ingress queue for subsequent processing by theprocessing module1266.
• Theprocessing module1266 performs a high-to-lowpacket transfer function1270 upon the packet to determine whether the packet should be passed to the lowerpriority network fabric1252 and at what priority. The high-to-lowpacket transfer function1270 will be described in greater detail with reference toFIG. 79. If the packet is to be transferred to the lowerpriority network fabric1252, it is outputted to the lower prioritypacket egress unit1264. Thepacket egress unit1264 provides the packet to the redundancy/backup module1260 in accordance with the priority of the packet for routing to the lowerpriority network fabric1252.
• In another example of operation, the lower priority redundancy/backup module1260 receives a packet from the lowerpriority network fabric1252. The packet may contain data in its payload having one or more destinations coupled to the higherpriority network fabric1250 or the packet may contain a request for resources within its payload. In either case, the lower priority redundancy/backup module1260 provides the packet to the lower prioritypacket ingress unit1262, which temporarily stores and filters the packet. For example, the lower prioritypacket ingress unit1262 accesses a source and/or destination filter that contains network addresses of sources of the lower-priority network fabric1252 and/or destinations of the higherpriority network fabric1250 that are currently prohibited from transmitting or receiving packets from the other network fabric. If the packet is not filtered, it is placed in an ingress queue for subsequent processing by theprocessing module1266.
• Theprocessing module1266 performs a low-to-highpacket transfer function1272 upon the packet to determine whether the packet should be passed to the higherpriority network fabric1250 and at what priority. The low-to-highpacket transfer function1272 will be described in greater detail with reference toFIG. 80. If the packet is to be transferred to the higherpriority network fabric1250, it is outputted to the higher prioritypacket egress unit1264. The higher prioritypacket egress unit1264 provides the packet to the redundancy/backup module1260 in accordance with the priority of the packet for routing to the higherpriority network fabric1250.
• FIG. 77 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of adata bridge1248 coupling a higherpriority network fabric1250 to a lowerpriority network fabric1252 within a vehicular communication network. The high-priority network fabric1250 and the lowerpriority network fabric1252 are as discussed with reference toFIG. 76.
• Thedata bridge1248 includes a plurality of redundancy/backup modules1260 (as discussed in detail with reference toFIG. 17), a plurality ofpacket ingress units1262, a plurality ofpacket egress units1264, aprocessing module1266, a top priority by-pass module1276, andmemory1268. Each of the redundancy/backup modules1260 is coupled aswitch module1254 of a network fabric1250-1252, the top priority by-pass module1276, apacket egress unit1264, and apacket ingress unit1262. As an alternative, a redundancy/backup module1260 may be coupled to a bridge-routing module within the corresponding network fabric. Theprocessing module1266 is configured to implement the high-to-lowpriority transfer process1270 and the low-to-highpacket transfer process1272. Thememory1268 stores one or more of thedatabases1274, which include a forwarding database, a filtering database, a routing table, a network protocol database, an information/entertainment database, a vehicle operation database, a mission-critical database, and/or a network topology database.
• In an example of operation, the redundancy/backup module1260 receives a packet from the higherpriority network fabric1250. The packet may contain data in its payload having one or more destinations coupled to the lowerpriority network fabric1252 or the packet may contain a request for resources within its payload. In either case, the redundancy/backup module1260 provides the packet to the toppriority bypass module1276. The toppriority bypass module1276 interprets the packet to determine whether it has a top priority, and determines priority routing based on the determination. If so, the packet is provided to the lower priority redundancy/backup module1260 for immediate transmission (e.g., if needed, interrupt a current packet transmission) to the lowerpriority network fabric1252. If the packet is not a top priority packet, the priority routing information may indicate that the packet is to be processed as previously discussed with reference toFIG. 76. Note that the toppriority bypass module1276 may perform the method illustrated inFIG. 35. Further note that packets from the lowerpriority network fabric1252 to the higher priority network fabric1250 a process as previously discussed with reference toFIG. 76.
• FIG. 78 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of apacket egress unit1264 and apacket ingress unit1262 of the data bridge ofFIG. 76 or77. Thepacket ingress unit1262 includes aport1278, aningress buffer1280, a source and/ordestination filter1282 and aningress queue1284. Thepacket egress unit1264 includes alogical multiplexer1286, one or more packet egress queues, a secondlogical multiplexer1288, and aport1278.
• In an example of operation, thepacket ingress unit1264 receives a packet, temporally stores it in aningress buffer1280, and provides it to theprocessing module1266. Theprocessing module1266 interprets the packet to determine its priority level for storage within theingress queue1284 and for subsequent processing by thepacket egress unit1264. In addition, theprocessing module1266 may perform the source and/or destination filtering. In particular, theprocessing module1266 accesses a database of sources and/or destinations that are prohibited from transmitting or receiving packets to/from another network fabric. The source and/ordestination filter1282 within thepacket ingress unit1262 uses control information from theprocessing module1266 to prevent prohibited packets from being entered into theingress queue1284 and to pass allowed packets to theingress queue1284.
• Thepacket egress unit1264 receives a packet and, under the control of theprocessing module1266, provides it to one of the packet egress queues or provides it directly to the outputlogical multiplexer1286. If the package is provided to one of the packet egress queues, it is placed within the queue based on a prioritization scheme. The prioritization scheme for storing a packet in a queue may be done as described with reference to one or more of the preceding figures and/or as may be described with reference to one or more of the following figures.
• FIG. 79 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for transferring packets from a high priority network fabric to a lower priority network fabric, which may be performed by the processing module within the data bridge ofFIG. 76 or77. The method begins by receiving a packet from a higherpriority network fabric1290. The method continues by determining whether the packet is atop priority packet1292. If yes and the data bridge includes a top priority bypass module, the method continues by transferring the packet using thetop priority path1294. When a packet is transmitted via a top priority path, it is recorded in a database or table. Further, if the top priority bypass interrupts the transmission of a current packet, the data bridge records the interruption of the current packet such that it may be retransmitted at a later time.
• If the packet is not a top priority packet or the data bridge does not include a top priority bypass module, the method continues by determining whether the packet is a high-priority packet (e.g., a mission-critical packet, a near top priority packets, etc.)1296. If yes, the method continues by bypassing the egress queues within the packet egress module and may also include bypassing the ingress queues within thepacket ingress unit1298. Alternatively, the high-priority packet may be placed at the front of the egress queue within the packet egress unit and/or may be placed at the front of the ingress queue within the packet ingress unit.
• If the packet is not a high priority packet, the method continues by determining the source, the destination, and the packet type, or packet content type, of the packet, which may be done by interpreting the vehicle network field, the source field, and the destination field of thepacket1300. The method continues by filtering the packet using a source-destination filter, which identifies sources of the higher priority network fabric and/or destinations of the lower priority network fabric that are prohibited from receiving and/or transmitting packets between thenetwork fabrics1302.
• The method continues by determining whether the packet is filtered1304. If yes, the method continues by not transferring the packet to theother network fabric1306. If, however, the packet is not filtered, the process continues by determining whether the packet is requesting resources (e.g., processing resources and/or memory resources) from the other network for a co-processing function and/or storage functions1308. If not, the packet is deemed to contain data and is added to the queue of the packet ingress unit and/or queue of the packet egress unit based on itspriority1310.
• If the packet is requesting resources from the other network fabric, the method continues by determining the availability of the requested resources of thelower priority network1312. The method continues by determining whether the resources are available1314. If yes, the data bridge forwards request to the network fabric, where the network manager coordinates the allocation of the network resources to the requestingentity1316. In addition, the network manager may establish a virtual private network, allocate a certain amount of bandwidth, etc. to support the use of resources of the other network fabric.
• If the resources are not available, the method continues by determining whether the current request has a priority level over certain activities within the lowerpriority network fabric1318. If not, the request is discarded1320. If yes, the method continues by forwarding the request to thenetwork fabric1316.
• FIG. 80 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets from a lower priority network fabric to a higher priority network fabric, which may be performed the processing module within the data bridge ofFIG. 76 or77. The method begins by receiving a packet from a lowerpriority network fabric1322. The method continues by determining whether the packet is a high priority packet (e.g., a mission-critical packet, etc.)1324. If yes, the method continues by bypassing the egress queues within the packet egress module and may also include bypassing the ingress queues within thepacket ingress unit1326. Alternatively, the high-priority packet may be placed at the front of the egress queue within the packet egress unit and/or may be placed at the front of the ingress queue within the packet ingress unit.
• If the packet is not a high priority packet, the method continues by determining the source, the destination, and the packet content type of thepacket1328. The method continues by filtering the packet using a source-destination filter, which identifies sources of the lower priority network fabric and/or destinations of the higher priority network fabric that are prohibited from receiving and/or transmitting packets between thenetwork fabrics1330.
• The method continues by determining whether the packet is filtered1332. If yes, the method continues by not transferring the packet to the higherpriority network fabric1334. If, however, the packet is not filtered, the process continues by determining whether the packet is requesting resources (e.g., processing resources and/or memory resources) from the other network for a co-processing function and/or storage functions1336. If not, the packet is deemed to contain data and is added to the queue of the packet ingress unit and/or queue of the packet egress unit based on itspriority1338.
• If the packet is requesting resources from the other network fabric, the method continues by determining the status of the vehicle (e.g., driving, parked, higher priority network fabric resources being used, etc.)1340. The method continues by determining whether the status allows sharing (e.g., the vehicle is parked)1342. If not, the packet is not forwarded and is discarded1344. The packet may be stored for subsequent system analysis regarding sharing of resources between the network fabrics.
• If the status allows resources sharing, the method continues by determining whether resources of the higher priority network are available1346. If not, the packet is not forwarded1344. If, however, resources are available, the method continues with the data bridge forwarding the request to the higher network fabric, where the network manager coordinates the allocation of the network resources to the requestingentity1348. In addition, the network manager may establish a virtual private network, allocate a certain amount of bandwidth, etc. to support the use of resources of the other network fabric.
• As an example, when a car is parked and one or more persons are watching a video in the rear seat(s), resources of the higher priority network may be used to improve the video quality, to add 3D graphics, etc. In this example, since the vehicle is not operating, typical higher priority functions are not being processed. As such, those resources may be temporarily allocated for lower priority functions.
• FIG. 81 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of adata bridge1248 coupling a 1^stnetwork fabric1350 to a 2^ndnetwork fabric1352 within a vehicular communication network. The 1^stnetwork fabric1350 includes a plurality of switch modules (SW mod)1354, a plurality of bridge-routing modules, and a plurality of network node modules, which support a plurality of resources (e.g.,processing module resources1356 and memory resources1358). The 2^ndnetwork fabric1352 includes a plurality ofswitch modules1354, a plurality of bridge-routing modules, and a plurality of network node modules, which support a plurality of resources. The first and second network fabrics1350-1352 may support devices of equal priority and/or devices of differing priorities. As such, from packet to packet, the network fabrics may have equal priority or differing priorities. The details of a network fabric have been discussed in detail with reference toFIGS. 13-57 and will be discussed in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 87-99.
• Thedata bridge1248 includes a first set of modules for interfacing with the first network fabric, a second set of modules for interfacing with the second network fabric, and acoupling circuit1360. Each of the first and second set of modules includes a redundancy/backup module1260 (as discussed in detail with reference toFIG. 17), abuffer1362, agate module1364, aprocessing module1266, andmemory1268.
• In an example of operation, the redundancy/backup module1260 of the first set of modules receives a packet from thefirst network fabric1350. The packet is provided to thebuffer1362, which may include one or more queues. In addition, theprocessing module1266 interprets the packet to determine its priority as well as to determine whether it can be forwarded to the second network fabric1352. Theprocessing module1266 determines whether the packet can be forwarded based on a source and/or destination filter of sources and/or destinations of the first network fabric. The source and/or destination filtering may further include a packet type filter such a source or destination may transmit or receive one type of packet but not another, may prohibited from any cross network packet traffic, or may be allowed to transmit or receive any type of packet with another network fabric. If the packet is to be forwarded, it is transferred from thebuffer1362 to thegate module1364 in accordance with its priority.
• Thegate module1364 may be a memory device, a switching circuit, or a combination thereof that transmits packets to the coupling circuit and receives packets from the coupling circuit. In this example, when a packet is ready for transmission, thegate module1364 provides it to thecoupling circuit1360. Thecoupling circuit1360 may be a switch, a forwarding unit, a bus between thegate modules1364, a combination thereof, etc.
• Thecoupling circuit1364 provides the packet from thegate module1364 of the first set of modules to thegate module1364 of the second set of modules. Theprocessing module1266 of the second set of modules interprets the packet to determine its priority and whether it should be discarded or passed to the second network fabric1352. Theprocessing module1266 uses a source and/or destination filter of sources, destinations, and packet content types of the second network fabric to determine whether the packet should be discarded or passed. In this manner, each of theprocessing modules1266 is rendering an independent decision on filtering the packet. Alternatively, theprocessing modules1266 share a source and/or destination filter database such that a single filter step may be performed by one of theprocessing modules1266.
• If the packet is to be passed to the second network fabric1352, it is provided to thebuffer1362 of the second set of modules and stored in one of its queues based on its prioritization and a prioritization scheme. When the packet is at the front of its queue, it is provided to the redundancy/backup module1260 for routing to the second network fabric1352. Note that packets from the second network fabric1352 to thefirst network fabric1350 are processed in a similar manner but in a reverse order.
• In another example of operation, a device of thefirst network fabric1350 may desire to store data within thememory1268 of thedata bridge1248. In this instance, the data is provided in one or more packets that are received via theredundancy backup module1260, interpreted by theprocessing module1266, and subsequently stored in thememory1268. In this manner, thememory1268 may be used for backup, history tracking etc. Note that a device of the second network fabric1352 may store data in thememory1268 of the second set of modules in a similar manner.
• FIG. 82 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics by the data bridge ofFIG. 81. The method begins by receiving a packet from the associatednetwork fabric1366. The packet may be temporarily stored in a buffer. The method continues by determining whether the packet is ahigh priority packet1368. If so, the method continues by enabling the gate module to pass the packet to the coupling circuit immediately (e.g., interrupt a current transmission of a packet) or near immediately (e.g., wait until the transmission of the current packet is complete and then transmit the high priority packet)1370.
• If the packet, or packet content, is not a high-priority packet, the method continues by determining the source, destination, andpacket type1372. The method continues by filtering the packet using a source and/ordestination filter1374. As previous mentioned, the source and/or destination filter may include a list of sources and/or destinations of the associated network that are prohibited from packet transfers to/from another network fabric and/or may include, for each source or destination, a list of packet types, or patent content types, that are allowed and/or a list of packet types, or packet content types, that are prohibited.
• The method continues by determining whether the packet is filtered (e.g., prohibited from transmission to another network fabric)1376. In some embodiments this filtering is based on the type of content in a packet, e.g. the packet content type. If yes, the packet is not transferred1378. If the packet is not filtered, the method continues by updating a queue in the buffer for subsequent passing of the packet to thecoupling circuit1380. The method continues by determining whether the packet is first in thequeue1382. If not, the method repeats as shown. If the packet is first in the queue, the method continues by enabling the gate module to pass the packet to thecoupling circuit1384.
• FIG. 83 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for transferring packets between network fabrics by the data bridge ofFIG. 81. The method begins by receiving a packet from another network fabric via thecoupling circuit1386. The gate module may temporarily store the packet in its own buffer or in the buffer of the associated set of modules. The method continues by determining whether the packet is ahigh priority packet1388. If the packet is a high priority packet, the method continues by enabling the gate module to pass the packet to the redundancy/backup module for immediate or near immediate transmission to the associatednetwork fabric1390.
• If the packet is not a high-priority packet, the method continues by determining the source, destination, and packet type, orpacket content type1392. The method continues by filtering the packet using an associated source and/ordestination filter1394. The method continues by determining whether the packet is filtered1396. If so, the packet is discarded and not passed to the redundancy/backup module1398. If the packet is not filtered, the method continues by updating a queue in the buffer for subsequent passing the packet to the redundancy/backup module1400. Once the packet is first in thequeue1402, it is outputted to the redundancy/backup module for forwarding to the associatednetwork fabric1404.
• FIG. 84 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for storing data by a data bridge ofFIG. 76,77, and/or81. The method begins by receiving a packet from an associated network fabric forstorage1406. The packet may be temporarily stored in a buffer. The method continues by determining the source of thepacket1408 and subsequently determining whether the source is authorized to store data in the memory of thedata bridge1410. If not, the packet is discarded and the data bridge may generate a message indicating that the source is not authorized to storedata1412.
• If the source is authorized, the method continues by extracting the data from the payload of thepacket1414. The method continues by determining whether a file in the memory already exists for storing thedata1416. If not, the data bridge creates a file in memory and stores the data in thefile1418. The method continues by sending an acknowledgment of data storage to thesource1420. If the file already exists, the data is added to the existing file and an acknowledgment of data storage is sent to thesource1422.
• FIG. 85 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of adata bridge1248 coupling a higher priority network fabric, a middle priority network fabric, and a lower priority network fabric together within a vehicular communication network. The high-priority network fabric, which typically supports higher priority packets than the middle and lower priority network fabric, includes a plurality of switch modules (SW mod), a plurality of bridge-routing modules, and a plurality of network node modules, which support a plurality of resources (e.g., processing module resources and memory resources). The middle priority network fabric, which typically supports higher priority packets than the lower priority network fabric but lower priority packets than the higher priority network fabric, includes a plurality of switch modules, a plurality of bridge-routing modules, and a plurality of network node modules, which support a plurality of resources. The lower priority network fabric includes a plurality of switch modules, a plurality of bridge-routing modules, and a plurality of network node modules, which support a plurality of resources. The details of the network fabrics have been discussed in detail with reference toFIGS. 13-57 and will be discussed in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 87-99.
• Thedata bridge1248 includes a plurality of redundancy/backup modules1260 (as discussed in detail with reference toFIG. 17), a plurality ofpacket ingress units1262, a plurality ofpacket egress units1264, aprocessing module1266, andmemory1268. Each of the redundancy/backup modules1260 is coupled to a switch module of an associated network fabric, apacket egress unit1264, and apacket ingress unit1262. As an alternative, a redundancy/backup module1260 may be coupled to a bridge-routing module within the associated network fabric. Theprocessing module1266 is configured to implement a higher-to-lowerpriority transfer process1270 and a lower-to-higherpacket transfer process1272. The memory stores one or more of thedatabases1274, which include a forwarding database, a filtering database, a routing table, a network protocol database, an information/entertainment database, a vehicle operation database, a mission-critical database, and/or a network topology database.
• In an example of operation, the redundancy/backup module1260 receives a packet from the higher priority network fabric. The packet may contain data in its payload having one or more destinations coupled to the middle and/or lower priority network fabric or the packet may contain a request for resources within its payload. In either case, the redundancy/backup module1260 provides the packet to thepacket ingress unit1264. Thepacket ingress unit1264 temporarily stores and filters the packet. For example, thepacket ingress unit1264 accesses a source and/or destination filter that contains network addresses of sources of the high-priority network fabric and/or destinations of the middle and lower priority network fabrics that are currently prohibited from transmitting or receiving packets from the network fabrics of the current packet transaction. If the packet is not filtered, it is placed in an ingress queue for subsequent processing by theprocessing module1266.
• Theprocessing module1266 performs a higher-to-lowerpacket transfer function1270 upon the packet to determine whether the packet should be passed to the middle and/or lower priority network fabric and at what priority. The higher-to-lowerpacket transfer function1270 was described with reference toFIG. 79. If the packet is to be transferred to the middle and/or lower priority network fabric, it is outputted to the middle and/or lower priority packet egress unit. The middle and/or lower prioritypacket egress unit1264 provides the packet to its associated redundancy/backup module1260 in accordance with the priority of the packet for routing to the middle and/or lower priority network fabric.
• In another example of operation, the lower priority redundancy/backup module receives a packet from the lower priority network fabric. The packet may contain data in its payload having one or more destinations coupled to the higher priority network fabric or the packet may contain a request for resources within its payload. In either case, the lower priority redundancy/backup module1260 provides the packet to the lower prioritypacket ingress unit1264, which temporarily stores and filters the packet. For example, the lower priority packet ingress unit accesses a source and/or destination filter that contains network addresses of sources of the lower-priority network fabric and/or destinations of the middle and/or higher priority network fabric that are currently prohibited from transmitting or receiving packets from other network fabrics. If the packet is not filtered, it is placed in an ingress queue for subsequent processing by theprocessing module1266.
• Theprocessing module1266 performs a lower-to-higherpacket transfer function1272 upon the packet to determine priority routing of the packet, e.g. whether the packet should be passed to the middle and/or higher priority network fabrics and at what priority. The lower-to-higherpacket transfer function1272 was described with reference toFIG. 80. If the packet is to be transferred to the middle and/or higher priority network fabric, it is outputted to the middle and/or higher prioritypacket egress units1264. Each of the middle and/or higher prioritypacket egress units1264 provides the packet to its associated redundancy/backup module1260 in accordance with the priority of the packet for routing to the middle and/or higher priority network fabric.
• In yet another example of operation, the middle priority redundancy/backup module1260 receives a packet from the middle priority network fabric. The packet may contain data in its payload having one or more destinations coupled to the lower and/or higher priority network fabric or the packet may contain a request for resources within its payload. In either case, the middle priority redundancy/backup module1260 provides the packet to the middle prioritypacket ingress unit1262, which temporarily stores and filters the packet. For example, the middle priority packet ingress unit accesses a source and/or destination filter that contains network addresses of sources of the middle-priority network fabric and/or destinations of the lower and/or higher priority network fabric that are currently prohibited from transmitting or receiving packets from other network fabrics. If the packet is not filtered, it is placed in an ingress queue for subsequent processing by theprocessing module1266.
• If the packet has a destination in the higher priority network fabric, theprocessing module1266 performs a lower-to-higherpacket transfer function1272 upon the packet to determine whether the packet should be passed to the higher priority network fabrics and at what priority. If the packet is to be transferred to the higher priority network fabric, it is outputted to the higher prioritypacket egress unit1264. The higher prioritypacket egress unit1264 provides the packet to its associated redundancy/backup module1260 in accordance with the priority of the packet for routing to the higher priority network fabric.
• If the packet has a destination in the lower priority network fabric, theprocessing module1266 performs a higher-to-lowerpacket transfer function1270 upon the packet to determine whether the packet should be passed to the lower priority network fabrics and at what priority. If the packet is to be transferred to the lower priority network fabric, it is outputted to the lower prioritypacket egress unit1264. The lowerpriority packet egress1264 unit provides the packet to its associated redundancy/backup module1260 in accordance with the priority of the packet for routing to the lower priority network fabric.
• FIG. 86 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of adata bridge1248 coupling a 1^stnetwork fabric, a 2^ndnetwork fabric, and a 3^rdnetwork fabric together within a vehicular communication network. Each of the 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rdnetwork fabrics includes a plurality of switch modules, a plurality of bridge-routing modules, and a plurality of network node modules, which support a plurality of resources (e.g., processing module resources and memory resources). In addition, each of the first, second, and third network fabrics may support devices of equal priority and/or devices of differing priorities. As such, from packet to packet, the network fabrics may have equal priority or differing priorities. The details of a network fabric have been discussed in detail with reference toFIGS. 13-57 and will be discussed in greater detail with reference toFIGS. 87-99.
• Thedata bridge1248 includes a first set of modules for interfacing with the first network fabric, a second set of modules for interfacing with the second network fabric, a third set of modules for interfacing with the third network fabric, and a coupling circuit. Each of the first, second, and third set of modules includes a redundancy/backup module1260 (as discussed in detail with reference toFIG. 17), abuffer1362, agate module1364, aprocessing module1266, andmemory1268.
• In an example of operation, the redundancy/backup module1260 of the first set of modules receives a packet from the first network fabric. The packet is provided to thebuffer1362, which may include one or more queues. In addition, theprocessing module1266 interprets the packet to determine its priority as well as to determine whether it can be forwarded to the second and/or third network fabrics. Theprocessing module1266 determines whether the packet can be forwarded based on a source and/or destination filter of sources and/or destinations of the first network fabric. The source and/or destination filtering may further include a packet type filter indicating that a source or destination may transmit or receive one type of packet but not another or may be allowed to transmit or receive packets (type specific or all types) with one network fabric but not with another. If the packet is to be forwarded to a particular network fabric, it is transferred from thebuffer1362 to thegate module1364 in accordance with its priority.
• Thegate module1364 may be a memory device, a switching circuit, or a combination thereof that transmits packets to thecoupling circuit1360 and receives packets from thecoupling circuit1360. In this example, when a packet is ready for transmission, thegate module1364 provides it to thecoupling circuit1360. Thecoupling circuit1360 may be a switch, a forwarding unit, a bus between thegate modules1364, a combination thereof, etc.
• Thecoupling circuit1360 provides the packet from thegate module1364 of the first set of modules to thegate module1364 of the second set of modules and/or to thegate module1364 of the third set of modules. Theprocessing module1266 of the second and/or third set of modules interprets the packet to determine its priority and whether it should be discarded or passed to the second network fabric. Theprocessing module1266 uses a source and/or destination filter of sources, destinations, and packet types of the second and/or third network fabric, respectively, to determine whether the packet should be discarded or passed. In this manner, each of theprocessing modules1266 is rendering an independent decision on filtering the packet. Alternatively, theprocessing modules1266 share a source and/or destination filter database such that a single filter step may be performed by one of theprocessing modules1266.
• If the packet is to be passed to the second and/or third network fabric, it is provided to thebuffer1362 of the second and/or third set of modules and stored in one of its queues based on its prioritization and a prioritization scheme. When the packet is at the front of its queue, it is provided to the associated redundancy/backup module1260 for routing to the second and/or third network fabric. Note that packets from the other network fabrics are processed in a similar manner but in a reverse order.
• In another example of operation, a device of the first network fabric may desire to store data within the memory of thedata bridge1248. In this instance, the data is provided in one or more packets that are received via theredundancy backup module1260, interpreted by theprocessing module1266, and subsequently stored in thememory1268. In this manner, the memory may be used for backup, history tracking etc. Note that a device of the second and/or third network fabric may store data in thememory1268 of the second and/or third set of modules in a similar manner.
• FIG. 87 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wired andwireless network fabric1424 that includes vehicle network modules (e.g., a plurality of bridge-routing modules1426 and a plurality of switch modules1428) and is coupled to anetwork manager40. Theswitch modules1428 are coupled to one or morenetwork node modules1430 and to at least one bridge-routing module1426. Each of the bridge-routing modules1426 are coupled to at least oneswitching module1428 and at least one other bridge-routing module1426. Each of thenetwork node modules1430, theswitch modules1428, and the bridge-routing modules1426 includes a wired network connection and a wireless network connection. The wired coupling between bridge-routing modules1426, between bridge-routing modules1426 andswitch modules1428, and betweenswitch modules1428 andnetwork node modules1430 includes multiple cables (e.g., twisted pair, coaxial cable,category 5 cables, fiber optics, etc.).
• The wireless coupling between the same modules may be in accordance with one or more standardized wireless communication protocols in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, the 5 GHz frequency band, the 60 GHz frequency band, etc. or a may be a proprietary wireless communication protocol. Standardized wireless communication protocols includes, but are not limited to, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), local multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems (MMDS), radio frequency identification (RFID), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), WCDMA, LTE (Long Term Evolution), WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access), and/or variations thereof.
• In an example of operation, thenetwork manager40 determines a wired packet communication mode and/or a wireless packet communication mode for the vehicle communication network. When the network is in the wireless packet communication mode, thenetwork manager40 coordinate wireless communication of packets among the plurality of network node modules, the plurality of switch modules, and the plurality of bridge-routing modules based on individual content of the packets (e.g., mission critical, network data, vehicle operation, and/or infotainment) and wireless channel mapping.
• In one instance of the present example, the wireless channel mapping includes allocating a channel of a set of channels within a frequency band for at least a portion of conveyance of a wireless packet from a source to a destination via a wireless network node module(s), a wireless switch module(s), and/or a wireless bridge-routing module(s). As a more specific example, the channel may be allocated to wirelessly transmit the packet from the source to the destination via one or more network node modules, one or more switch modules, and/or one or more bridge-routing modules. As another more specific example, the channel may be allocated to convey the packet from the first network module, to a switch module, and to a bridge-routing module and a second channel may be allocated to convey the packet from the bridge-routing module, to a second switch module, to a second network node module.
• The allocation of a channel to convey a packet may be done in a variety of ways. For example, the channel may be permanently allocated for packets of a first content type (e.g., mission critical packets, network data packets, etc.); for packets from a source of first type of device (e.g., a safety critical sensor); and/or for packets to a destination of a particular type (e.g. safety critical processor, safety critical actuator, etc.). As another example, the channel may be semi-permanent allocated (e.g., for a set time, for a number of packets, as instructed by the network manager, etc.) for packets of a second content type (e.g., network data, vehicle operation, etc.); for packets from a source of second type of device (e.g., a network manager); and/or for packets to a destination of a particular type (e.g. non-critical vehicle operation devices, etc.). As yet another example, the channel may be dynamically allocated when the packet is of a third type (e.g., infotainment, non-critical vehicle operation, etc.); for packets from a source of third type of device (e.g., window up/down sensor, a multimedia processing, memory, etc.); and/or for packets to a destination of a particular type (e.g. window up/down actuator, multimedia display devices, etc.).
• As another example of allocating channels per the wireless channel mapping, the channels within a frequency band may be allocated in cellular pattern among a plurality of regions within the wireless vehicle communication network to reduce channel interference from overlapping channel use in different ones of the plurality of regions. For example, a set of switching modules and/or bridge-routing modules in one section of the network fabric may use the same channels (or subset thereof) as another set of switching modules and/or bridge-routing modules in a different section of the network fabric.
• When the network is in the wired packet communication mode, thenetwork manager40 coordinates wired communication of packets among the network node modules, the switch modules, and/or the bridge-routing modules based on the individual content of the packets and in accordance with a global vehicle network communication protocol. The global vehicle network communication protocol information regarding a network fabric formatting of the packets, information regarding packet transmission prioritization schemes, information regarding network management processing and/or information regarding vehicle network operation parameters.
• Within the network fabric, the wired and wireless connections may be used in a variety of ways. For example, the wireless connections may be used for backup and/or redundancy transmissions to provide a fast fail over if a wired connection fails. As another example, the wireless connections may be used for network configuration and system level data, while the wired connections are used for mission critical data, vehicle operation data, and/or information-entertainment data. As a further example, the wireless connections and wired connections may be used independently to support concurrent packet transmissions.
• The network fabric may be used within the unified network fabric or the multiple network fabric communication networks of the preceding figures. Note that more orless switching modules1428 and bridge-routing modules1426 may be included in the network fabric. Further note that the multiple wired connections between switchingmodules1428 and bridge-routing modules1426 may include two or more cables where one of the cables is active and the other is used for fail over or redundancy. Still further note that a network node module may be directly connected to a bridge-routing module1426.
• FIG. 87A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of wireless vehicle communication network that includes a wireless network fabric1425, anetwork manager40, andnetwork node modules1431. The wireless network fabric1425 includes bridge-routing modules1427 andswitch modules1429. Each of theswitch modules1429 is wirelessly (e.g., RF, infrared, optical, etc.) coupled to one or morenetwork node modules1431 and to at least one bridge-routing module1427. Each of the bridge-routing modules1427 is wirelessly coupled to at least oneswitching module1429 and to at least one other bridge-routing module1427. Each of thenetwork node modules1431, theswitch modules1429, and the bridge-routing modules1427 includes at least one wireless network connection (e.g., an RF transceiver, a MMW transceiver, an IR transceiver, etc.).
• Thenetwork manager40 coordinates wireless communication of packets among the wirelessnetwork node modules1431, thewireless switch modules1429, and/or the wireless bridge-routing modules1427 based on individual content of the packets (e.g., mission critical, network data, vehicle operation, infotainment, etc.) and wireless channel mapping. In an example, the wireless channel mapping includes allocating a channel of a set of channels within a frequency band for at least a portion of conveyance of a packet from a source to a destination via a wireless network node module(s), a wireless switch module(s), and/or a wireless bridge-routing module(s).
• As a more specific example, the channel may be allocated to wirelessly transmit the packet from the source to the destination via one or more network node modules, one or more switch modules, and/or one or more bridge-routing modules. As another more specific example, the channel may be allocated to convey the packet from a first network module, to a first switch module, and to a bridge-routing module and a second channel may be allocated to convey the packet from the bridge-routing module, to a second switch module, to a second network node module.
• The allocation of a channel to convey a packet may be done in a variety of ways. For example, the channel may be permanently allocated for packets of a first content type (e.g., mission critical packets, network data packets, etc.); for packets from a source of first type of device (e.g., a safety critical sensor); and/or for packets to a destination of a particular type (e.g. safety critical processor, safety critical actuator, etc.). As another example, the channel may be semi-permanent allocated (e.g., for a set time, for a number of packets, as instructed by the network manager, etc.) for packets of a second content type (e.g., network data, vehicle operation, etc.); for packets from a source of second type of device (e.g., a network manager); and/or for packets to a destination of a particular type (e.g. non-critical vehicle operation devices, etc.). As yet another example, the channel may be dynamically allocated when the packet is of a third type (e.g., infotainment, non-critical vehicle operation, etc.); for packets from a source of third type of device (e.g., window up/down sensor, a multimedia processing, memory, etc.); and/or for packets to a destination of a particular type (e.g. window up/down actuator, multimedia display devices, etc.).
• As another example of allocating channels per the wireless channel mapping, the channels within a frequency band may be allocated in cellular pattern among a plurality of regions within the wireless vehicle communication network to reduce channel interference from overlapping channel use in different ones of the plurality of regions. For example, a set of switching modules and/or bridge-routing modules in one section of the network fabric may use the same channels (or subset thereof) as another set of switching modules and/or bridge-routing modules in a different section of the network fabric.
• The network fabric has been presented in a variety of embodiments as shown inFIGS. 13,87, and87A. Other embodiments of the network fabric may be implemented by using combinations of the embodiments ofFIGS. 13,87, and87A. For example, some of the switch modules and/or bridge-routing modules may be wired only (as shown inFIG. 13), some may be wireless only (as shown inFIG. 87A), and/or some may be wired and wireless (as shown inFIG. 87). Similarly, some of the network node modules may be wired only (as shown inFIG. 13), some may be wireless only (as shown inFIG. 87A), and/or some may be wired and wireless (as shown inFIG. 87).
• FIG. 87 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wired andwireless network fabric1424 that includes a plurality of bridge-routing modules1426 and a plurality ofswitch modules1428. Theswitch modules1428 are coupled to one or morenetwork node modules1430 and to at least one bridge-routing module1426. Each of the bridge-routing modules1426 are coupled to at least oneswitching module1428 and at least one other bridge-routing module1426. Each of thenetwork node modules1430, theswitch modules1428, and the bridge-routing modules1426 includes a wired network connection and a wireless network connection. The wired coupling between bridge-routing modules1426, between bridge-routing modules1426 andswitch modules1428, and betweenswitch modules1428 andnetwork node modules1430 includes multiple cables (e.g., twisted pair, coaxial cable,category 5 cables, fiber optics, etc.).
• The wireless coupling between the same modules may be in accordance with one or more standardized wireless communication protocols in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, the 5 GHz frequency band, the 60 GHz frequency band, etc. or a may be a proprietary wireless communication protocol. Standardized wireless communication protocols includes, but are not limited to, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global system for mobile communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA), local multi-point distribution systems (LMDS), multi-channel-multi-point distribution systems (MMDS), radio frequency identification (RFID), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), WCDMA, LTE (Long Term Evolution), WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access), and/or variations thereof.
• Within the network fabric, the wired and wireless connections may be used in a variety of ways. For example, the wireless connections may be used for backup and/or redundancy transmissions to provide a fast fail over if a wired connection fails. As another example, the wireless connections may be used for network configuration and system level data, while the wired connections are used for mission critical data, vehicle operation data, and/or information-entertainment data. As a further example, the wireless connections and wired connections may be used independently to support concurrent packet transmissions.
• The network fabric may be used within the unified network fabric or the multiple network fabric communication networks of the preceding figures. Note that more orless switching modules1428 and bridge-routing modules1426 may be included in the network fabric. Further note that the multiple wired connections between switchingmodules1428 and bridge-routing modules1426 may include two or more cables where one of the cables is active and the other is used for fail over or redundancy. Still further note that a network node module may be directly connected to a bridge-routing module1426.
• FIG. 88 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a bridge/routing module1426 that includes a plurality of redundancy/backup modules1432, a wiredpacket egress unit1434, a wirelesspacket egress unit1436, a wiredpacket ingress unit1438, a wirelesspacket ingress unit1440, an egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442, an ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444, aprocessing module1446, andmemory1448. Theprocessing module1446 is configured to implement a localnetwork management function1450, abridging function1452, and or arouting function1454. Thememory1448 stores one or more tables and/or databases. For instance, thememory1448 may store aforwarding database1456, afiltering database1458, a routing table1460, anetwork protocol database1462, and information/entertainment database1464, avehicle operations database1466, a mission-critical database1468, and a predetermined network topology database1470.
• In an example of wired operation only, one of the redundancy/backup modules1432 receives a packet. The packet is routed to thepacket ingress unit1474 via the wiredpacket ingress unit1438 and the ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444, where the localnetwork management function1450 interprets the packet. Such an interpretation includes determining the type of packet, or packet content type (e.g., mission critical, network data, info-entertainment, vehicle operation, etc.). Having identified the packet, the localnetwork management function1450 determines the processing for the packet and then processes the packet accordingly. Specific examples of this were discussed with reference toFIG. 14.
• After theprocessing module1446 has processed the packet, thepacket egress unit1472 received the processed packet. Based on information received from theprocessing module1446, thepacket egress unit1472 places the packet in a queue for subsequent transmission to one of the redundancy-backup modules1432 via the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 and the wiredegress unit1434.
• In an example of wireless operation only, theRF transceiver1476 receives a wireless packet that it provides to thewireless ingress unit1438. Thewireless ingress unit1438 temporarily stores the packet and subsequently forwards it to thepacket ingress unit1474 via the ingress sync serial and/orparallel units1444. Theprocessing module1446 interprets packet as discussed above and subsequently places a process packet in thepacket egress unit1472. Thepacket egress unit1472 provides the process packet to thewireless egress unit1436 via the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442. Thewireless egress unit1436 provides the processed packet to theRF transceiver1476 for wireless transmission to another bridge-routing module, to a switch module, and/or to a network node module.
• In an example of concurrent wired and wireless operation, the wireless communication path is used for redundancy transmissions. In this situation, theRF transceiver1476 receives a wireless version of the packet and one of the redundancy/backup modules1432 receives a wired version of the packet. TheRF transceiver1476 provides the wireless version of the packet to thewireless ingress unit1440 and the redundancy/backup module1432 provides the wired version of the packet to awired ingress unit1438.
• The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 retrieves the wired and wireless versions of the packet from the respective ingress units. The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 synchronizes the versions of the packet, analyzes the packets, and packet content, and selects one of them for outputting to thepacket ingress unit1474. The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 may perform error correction on one or both of the packets based on the packets, a matched filtering function, a convergence function, etc. Theprocessing module1446 retrieves the packet from thepacket ingress unit1474 in accordance with its priority and processes it as previously discussed.
• Theprocessing module1446 places the processed packet into the packet egress unit in accordance with its priority level. When the process packet has reached the top of a queue within thepacket egress unit1472, the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 retrieves the packet and provides copies of the packet to the wiredegress unit1434 and thewireless egress unit1436. Thewireless egress unit1426 provides the processed packet to theRF transceiver1476 for wireless transmission of the packet and the wiredegress unit1434 provides the processed packet to one of the redundancy/backup modules1432 for wired transmission of the packet. Note that the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 accounts for processing differences, latency differences, etc. when it provides the process packet to the wired and wireless egress units1434-1436 such that the wired and wireless transmitted packets reach the destination at approximately the same time.
• In another example of concurrent wired and wireless operation, the wireless communication path is used for separate packet transmissions (e.g., network configuration data, system level data, etc.). In this situation, theRF transceiver1476 receives a wireless packet and one of the redundancy/backup modules1432 receives a wired packet. TheRF transceiver1476 provides the wireless packet to thewireless ingress unit1440 and the redundancy/backup module1432 provides the wired packet to awired ingress unit1438.
• The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 retrieves the wired and wireless packets from the respective ingress units. The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 synchronizes the packets, analyzes the packets, and serially outputs the packets to thepacket ingress unit1474. Theprocessing module1446 retrieves the packets from thepacket ingress unit1474 in accordance with their priority and processes the packets as previously discussed.
• Theprocessing module1446 places the processed packets into thepacket egress unit1472 in accordance with their priority level. When one of the processed packets reaches the top of a queue within thepacket egress unit1472, the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 retrieves the packet and provides it to the wiredegress unit1434 or to thewireless egress unit1436. If thewireless egress unit1436 receives the processed packet, it subsequently provides it to theRF transceiver1476 for wireless transmission. If thewired egress unit1436 receives the processed packet, it subsequently provides it to one of the redundancy/backup modules1432 for wired transmission.
• In yet another example of concurrent wired and wireless operation, the wireless and wired communication paths are used for packet aggregation. In this situation, theRF transceiver1476 receives one packet and one of the redundancy/backup modules1432 receives another packet. TheRF transceiver1476 provides the wireless packet to thewireless ingress unit1440 and the redundancy/backup module1432 provides the wired packet to awired ingress unit1438.
• The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 retrieves the wired and wireless packets from the respective ingress units. The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 synchronizes the packets, analyzes the packets, and serially outputs them to thepacket ingress unit1474. Theprocessing module1446 retrieves the packets from thepacket ingress unit1474 in accordance with their priority and processes them as previously discussed.
• Theprocessing module1446 places the processed packets into thepacket egress unit1472 in accordance with their priority level. When the process packets reach the top of a queue within thepacket egress unit1472, the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 retrieves the packets and provides a wired processed packet to the wiredegress unit1434 and a wireless processed packet to thewireless egress unit1436. Thewireless egress unit1436 provides the wireless processed packet to theRF transceiver1476 for wireless transmission and the wiredegress unit1434 provides the wired processed packet to one of the redundancy/backup modules1432 for wired transmission. Note that the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 accounts for processing differences, latency differences, etc. when it provides the processed packets to the wired and wireless egress units such that the wired and wireless transmitted packets reach their respective destinations at approximately the same time.
• FIG. 89 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of egress units, an egress sync serial and/orparallel module1442, and apacket egress unit1472 of a bridge/routing module. Thepacket egress unit1472 includes a firstlogical multiplexer1478, one or more packet egress queues, and a secondlogical multiplexer1480. The egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 includeslogical switches1482 and delay units. The wiredegress unit1434 includes a wiredegress buffer1484, aswitching circuit1486, and a plurality of ports, which are coupled to the plurality of redundancy/backup modules. Thewireless egress unit1436 includes a wireless egress buffer1492, a media access control (MAC)layer module1490, and a physical layer (PHY)module1488. Thelogical switches1482 and/or the logical multiplexers1478-1480 may each be constructed of physical switches, gates, multiplexers, sample and hold circuits, programmable logic circuits, and or a combination thereof.
• In an example of operation, the firstlogical multiplexer1478 of thepacket egress unit1472 receives a packet and, based on a control signal from a processing module, provides the packet to one of the packet egress queues or to the secondlogical multiplexer1480. When the packet reaches the second logical multiplexer1480 (e.g., directly from the firstlogical multiplexer1478 or from one of the packet egress queues), it is outputted to the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442.
• Depending on the mode of the bridge-routing module, the egress sync serial and/orparallel module1442 provides the packet to thewireless egress unit1436 and/or to the wiredegress unit1434. The modes of the bridge-router module include wired only, wireless only, concurrent transmission of the same packet (e.g., for redundancy, backup, fast failover, etc.), and concurrent transmission of different packets (e.g., packet aggregation, data segregation, etc.).
• When the bridge-routing module is in a wired only mode, the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 configures thelogical switches1482 to provide the packet to the wiredegress unit1434 only. In this mode, the wirelesslogical switch1482 is opened such that thewireless egress unit1436 does not receive the wired only packet. The wiredegress buffer1484 receives the packet and stores it in one of its queues (may only have one queue) in accordance with the priority of the packet. When the packet reaches the front of the queue, theswitching circuit1486 routes the packet to the appropriate port.
• When the bridge-routing module is in a wireless only mode, the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 configures thelogical switches1482 to provide the packet to thewireless egress unit1436 only. In this mode, the wiredlogical switch1482 is opened such that the wiredegress unit1434 does not receive the wireless only packet. Thewireless egress buffer1436 receives the packet and stores it in one of its queues (may only have one queue) in accordance with the priority of the packet. When the packet reaches the front of the queue, theMAC module1490 performs MAC layer functions and thephysical layer module1488 performs PHY functions on the packet in accordance with the one or more wireless communication protocols to produce one or more outbound symbol streams.
• For example, theMAC1490 and/orPHY modules1488 convert outbound data (e.g., voice, text, audio, video, graphics, etc.) into one or more outbound symbol streams in accordance with one or more wireless communication standards (e.g., GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, HSUPA, HSDPA, WiMAX, EDGE, GPRS, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, ZigBee, universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), IEEE 802.16, evolution data optimized (EV-DO), etc.) and/or a proprietary communication protocol. Such a conversion includes one or more of: scrambling, puncturing, encoding, interleaving, constellation mapping, modulation, frequency spreading, frequency hopping, beamforming, space-time-block encoding, space-frequency-block encoding, frequency to time domain conversion, and/or digital baseband to intermediate frequency conversion. Note that the module(s) converts the outbound data into a single outbound symbol stream for Single Input Single Output (SISO) communications and/or for Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) communications and converts the outbound data into multiple outbound symbol streams for Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communications.
• Atransmitter section1496 of theRF transceiver1494 converts the outbound symbol stream(s) into one or more outbound wireless communications signals in accordance with the one or more wireless communication protocols. For example, thetransmitter section1496 may mix the one or more outbound symbol streams with a local oscillation(s) to produce one or more up-converted signals. One or more power amplifiers and/or power amplifier drivers amplifies the one or more up-converted signals, which may be RF bandpass filtered, to produce the one or more outbound RF signals. In another embodiment, thetransmitter section1496 includes an oscillator that produces an oscillation. The outbound symbol stream(s) provides phase information (e.g., +/−Δθ [phase shift] and/or θ(t) [phase modulation]) that adjusts the phase of the oscillation to produce a phase adjusted RF signal(s), which is transmitted as the outbound RF signal(s). In another embodiment, the outbound symbol stream(s) includes amplitude information (e.g., A(t) [amplitude modulation]), which is used to adjust the amplitude of the phase adjusted RF signal(s) to produce the outbound RF signal(s).
• In yet another embodiment, thetransmitter section1496 includes an oscillator that produces an oscillation(s). The outbound symbol stream(s) provides frequency information (e.g., +/−Δf [frequency shift] and/or f(t) [frequency modulation]) that adjusts the frequency of the oscillation to produce a frequency adjusted RF signal(s), which is transmitted as the outbound RF signal(s). In another embodiment, the outbound symbol stream(s) includes amplitude information, which is used to adjust the amplitude of the frequency adjusted RF signal(s) to produce the outbound RF signal(s). In a further embodiment, thetransmitter section1496 includes an oscillator that produces an oscillation(s). The outbound symbol stream(s) provides amplitude information (e.g., +/−ΔA [amplitude shift] and/or A(t) [amplitude modulation) that adjusts the amplitude of the oscillation(s) to produce the outbound RF signal(s).
• When the bridge-routing module is in a concurrent transmission of the same packet mode, the egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 configures thelogical switches1482 as shown. In this instance, the center tap of the wirelesslogical switch1482 is active as is the center tap of the wired logical switch. The center tap of the wiredlogical switch1482 is coupled to one or more delay modules. For example, one delay module may be used to account for latency differences, processing differences, transmission speed differences, etc. between transmitting a packet wirelessly and transmitting the packet via wired means. Another delay may be used to account for the latency differences, processing differences, reception differences, etc. between receiving a packet wirelessly and receiving a packet via wired means.
• The delay modules may be dynamically calibrated during concurrent transmission of packets and feedback from modules receiving the packets. Alternatively, the delay modules may be statically calibrated at the boot-up of the network fabric, at reset of the network fabric, and/or as the network manager may determine.
• The egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 provides the redundant packets to the wiredegress buffer1434 and to thewireless egress buffer1436 in a synchronized manner such that the wired packet and the wireless packet are transmitted at substantially the same time. Thewireless egress unit1436 and the wiredegress unit1434 process their respective packets as previously discussed.
• When the bridge-routing module is in a concurrent transmission of different packets mode, the secondlogical multiplexer1480 of thepacket egress unit1472 outputs two packets concurrently. The egress sync serial and/orparallel unit1442 provides one of the packets to the wirelesslogical switch1482 as shown and the other packet to the wiredlogical switch1482 as shown. The respective packets are provided to thewireless egress unit1482 and wiredegress unit1434 for substantially concurrent transmission.
• FIG. 90 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of ingress units, aningress sync module1444, and apacket ingress unit1474 of a bridge/routing module. Thewireless ingress unit1440 includes a physical layer module (PHY)1498, a media access control layer module (MAC)1500, and awireless ingress buffer1502. The wiredingress unit1440 includes a plurality of ports, a switching circuit1504, and awired ingress buffer1506. The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 includeslogical switches1508 and one or more delay modules. Thepacket ingress unit1474 includes a firstlogical multiplexer1512, one or more packet ingress queues, and a secondlogical multiplexer1510.
• Depending on the mode of the bridge-routing module, thewireless ingress unit1440 and/or to the wiredingress unit1438 will receive one or more incoming packets. The modes of the bridge-router module includes wired only, wireless only, concurrent transmission of the same packet (e.g., for redundancy, backup, fast failover, etc.), and concurrent transmission of different packets (e.g., packet aggregation, data segregation, etc.).
• When the bridge-routing module is in a wired only mode, the wiredingress unit1438 receives an incoming packet via one of its ports and thewireless ingress unit1440 is inactive (which may result from being disabled or from not receiving a wireless incoming packet). Theswitching circuit1508 provides the incoming packet to the wiredingress buffer1506, which stores the packet in a queue based on the packet's priority and a prioritization scheme.
• The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 configures the logical switches such that the wirelesslogical switch1508 is open and the wiredlogical switch1508 is closed to the wired only tap. In this configuration, the firstlogical multiplexer1512 of thepacket ingress unit1474 receives the wired only incoming packet and provides it to one of the packet ingress queues. The packet ingress queue stores the incoming packet based on its priority and a prioritization scheme. When the packet reaches the front of the queue, it is provided to the secondlogical multiplexer1510, which transmits the packet to the processing module or to another module within the bridge-routing module.
• When the bridge-routing module is in a wireless only mode, thewireless ingress unit1440 is active and the wiredingress unit1438 is in active (e.g., disable or just not receiving a packet). In this mode, areceiver section1514 of the RF transceiver converts one or more inbound RF signals into one or more inbound wireless symbol streams. For example, thereceiver section1514 amplifies the one or more inbound RF signals to produce one or more amplified inbound RF signals. Thereceiver section1514 then mix in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the amplified inbound RF signal(s) with in-phase and quadrature components of a local oscillation(s) to produce one or more sets of a mixed I signal and a mixed Q signal. Each of the mixed I and Q signals are combined to produce one or more inbound symbol streams. In one example, each of the one or more inbound symbol streams may include phase information (e.g., +/−Δθ [phase shift] and/or θ(t) [phase modulation]) and/or frequency information (e.g., +/−Δf [frequency shift] and/or f(t) [frequency modulation]). In another example and/or in furtherance of the preceding example, the inbound RF signal(s) includes amplitude information (e.g., +/−ΔA [amplitude shift] and/or A(t) [amplitude modulation]). To recover the amplitude information, thereceiver section1514 includes an amplitude detector such as an envelope detector, a low pass filter, etc.
• Thewireless ingress buffer1440 receives the one or more inbound symbol streams. The physical layer module performs1498 PHY functions and theMAC module1500 performs MAC layer functions on the one or more outbound symbol streams in accordance one or more wireless communication protocols to produce one or more inbound wireless packets. For example, one or more of theMAC1500 andPHY modules1498 convert the one or more inbound symbol streams into inbound data (e.g., voice, text, audio, video, graphics, etc.) in accordance with one or more wireless communication standards (e.g., GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, HSUPA, HSDPA, WiMAX, EDGE, GPRS, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, ZigBee, universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), IEEE 802.16, evolution data optimized (EV-DO), etc.). Such a conversion may include one or more of: digital intermediate frequency to baseband conversion, time to frequency domain conversion, space-time-block decoding, space-frequency-block decoding, demodulation, frequency spread decoding, frequency hopping decoding, beamforming decoding, constellation demapping, deinterleaving, decoding, depuncturing, and/or descrambling. Note that the processing module converts a single inbound symbol stream into the inbound data for Single Input Single Output (SISO) communications and/or for Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) communications and converts the multiple inbound symbol streams into the inbound data for Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communications.
• The packet(s) are provided to thewireless ingress buffer1502 for temporary storage in one of its queues (may only have one queue) in accordance with the priority of the packet and a prioritization scheme. When the packet reaches the front of the queue, it is provided to the ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444, which provides the packet to the firstlogical multiplexer1512 of thepacket ingress unit1474.
• When the bridge-routing module is in a concurrent transmit of the same packet mode, thewireless ingress unit1440 receives a wireless version of the packet and the wiredingress unit1438 receives a wired version of the packet. Each of the wireless and wired ingress units1440-1438 processes the incoming packet as previously discussed and provides them to the ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444.
• In this mode, the ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 configures thelogical switches1508 to receive the wired and wireless version of the incoming packet. The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 may provide the wired and wireless versions of the incoming packet to thepacket ingress unit1474 such that the processing module may select which packet will be further processed. Alternatively, the ingress serial andparallel unit1444 may include processing to analyze the wired and wireless versions of the packet to determine which packet to provide to thepacket ingress unit1474. In addition, processing within the ingress serial and/orprocessing unit1444 may further perform error correction, etc. Note that the wired version of the packet may traverse one or more delay modules such as that the wired and wireless versions of the packet are substantially in sync.
• When the bridge-routing module is in a concurrent transmit of the different packets mode, thewireless ingress unit1440 receives a wireless packet and the wiredingress unit1438 receives a wired packet. Each of the wireless and wired ingress units1440-1438 processes their respective incoming packet as previously discussed and provides them to the ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444.
• In this mode, the ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 configures thelogical switches1508 to receive the wired and wireless packets. The ingress sync serial and/orparallel unit1444 provides the wired and wireless packets to the packet ingress. The firstlogical multiplexer1512 provides the wired and wireless packets serially or in parallel to one or more of the packet ingress queues. Once the packets are in an ingress queue, they are processed as previously discussed. Note that the wired packet may traverse one or more delay modules such as that the wired and wireless packets are substantially in sync.
• FIG. 91 is a diagram of an example of frequency bands and channels of a vehicular communication network. As shown, a frequency band may include multiple channels and may be a 2.4 GHz frequency band, a 5 GHz, frequency band, 60 GHz frequency, or some other frequency band. Each of the channels of a frequency band may be used to support transmission of a wireless packet and may be allocated in a cellular pattern to avoid overlapping frequencies. For example, different channels may be used to concurrently transmit multiple wireless packets. As another example, channels may be temporarily or permanently allocated for particular types of packets (e.g., mission critical, network data, vehicle operation, information-entertainment, etc.). As yet another example, channels may be temporarily or permanently allocated to a particular device (e.g., engine control unit, etc.).
• FIG. 92 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for wired and wireless packet processing within a vehicular communication network that may be performed by bridge-routing module. The method begins by receiving one or more packets via the wireless egress unit and/or the wiredegress unit1518. The method continues by determining the mode for the packet, or packets (i.e., the mode of the bridge-routing module)1520. The mode may be wireless only, wired only, concurrent transmission of the same packet, or concurrent transmission of different packets.
• The method continues by determining whether the wireless link is being used in a link aggregation mode (i.e., for concurrent transmission of different packets)1522. If yes, the method continues by determining whether there is a cable failure of awired link1524. If not, the method continues by a preparing the different packets for concurrent transmission on the wired link and on thewireless link1526.
• If a cable failure has occurred, the method continues by determining whether a wired hot standby is used for thewired link1528. If not, the method continues by switching to a wireless only mode and retransmitting any packets that were lost due to thecable failure1530. If wired hot standby is being used, the method continues by using replicated wired transmission for the failed cable such that a packet is not lost1532. The method continues by setting up a new hot standby for an active wired link and reestablishing a link aggregation between the wireless link and thewired link1534.
• If the wireless link is not being used for link aggregation, the method continues by determining whether the wireless link is being used as wirelesshot standby1536. If so, the method continues by determining whether a cable failure has occurred1538. If not, the method continues by concurrent transmission of the same packet via the wired link and thewireless link1540. If, however, a cable failure has occurred, the method continues by transmitting the packet wirelessly1542. The method continues by setting up a new wired link and resuming the wireless hot standby for the newwired link1544. In this manner, the wireless link is used for hot standby and the wired link is used as the primary communication path.
• If the wireless link is not being used for wireless hot standby, the method continues by determining whether the wireless link is being used for network data, system data, and/ornetwork control data1546. If yes, the method continues by wirelessly transmitting packets of control data, network data, and orsystem data1548. If not, the method continues by transmitting packets in a wired manner only1550.
• FIG. 93 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of aswitch module1552 that includes anRF transceiver1554, awireless unit1556, a redundancy/backup module1558, abuffer1560, a sink serial and/orparallel unit1562, aswitching circuit1564, a plurality ofport buffers1566, a plurality ofports1568, aprocessing module1570, andmemory1572. Theprocessing module1570 may be configured to implement a localnetwork management function1574, alayer2switching function1576, alayer3switching function1578, alayer4switching function1580, and or amultilayer switching function1582. Thememory1572 may store one or more databases, such as aswitching database1584,network protocol database1586, information-entertainment database1588,vehicle operations database1590, mission-critical database1592, and a predetermined network topologies database1594. Each of theports1568 is coupled to a corresponding network node module, the redundancy/backup module1558 is coupled to a bridge-routing module1558, and theRF transceiver1554 is operable to communicate with a bridge-routing module1558 and/or a network node module.
• Theswitch module1552 operates in one of four modes: wired only, wireless only, concurrent transmission of the same packet, and concurrent transmission of different packets. When theswitch module1552 is in a wired only mode, theRF transceiver1554 and wireless units are in active. In this mode, theswitch module1552 functions as previously described with reference toFIGS. 33-36.
• When theswitch module1552 is in a wireless only mode, theRF transceiver1554 and a wireless unit are active and of the redundancy/backup module1558 and buffer are inactive. In a first version of the wireless only mode, theports1568 andbuffers1566 are active to transceive packets with the corresponding network node modules. In a second version of the wireless only mode, theports1568 andbuffers1566 are in active such that theswitch module1552 communicates with the network node modules via theRF transceiver1554.
• When theswitch module1552 is in the concurrent transmission of the same packet mode or is in the concurrent transmission of different packets mode, theRF transceiver1554, thewireless unit1556, the redundancy/backup module1558, and thebuffer1566 are active. In these modes, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 synchronizes transmission and reception of concurrent packets and coordinates the concurrent transmission of the same packet and concurrent transmission of different packets.
• FIG. 94 is a schematic diagram of theRF transceiver1554, thewireless unit1556, thebuffer1560, and the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 of a switch module. The sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 includes ingresslogical switches1598, egresslogical switches1596, ingress delay units, and egress delay units. Thewireless unit1556 includes awireless buffer1600, aMAC layer module1602, and aPHY layer module1604.
• For an outbound packet when the switch module is in a wired only mode, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 configures thelogical switches1596 to provide the packet it received from the switching circuit to thebuffer1560 only. In this mode, the wireless logical switch is open such that thewireless unit1556 does not receive the wired only packet. Thebuffer1560 receives the packet and stores it in one of its queues (may only have one queue) in accordance with the priority of the packet. When the packet reaches the front of the queue, thebuffer1560 routes the packet to the redundancy/backup module.
• For an inbound packet when the switch module is in a wired only mode, thebuffer1560 receives an incoming packet from the redundancy/backup module and thewireless unit1556 is inactive (which may result from being disabled or from not receiving a wireless incoming packet). The sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 configures thelogical switches1598 such that the wireless logical switch is open and the wired logical switch is closed to the wired only tap. In this configuration, when the packet reaches the front of the queue of thebuffer1560, it is provided to the switching circuit for routing to the appropriate port.
• For an outbound packet when the switch module is in a wireless only mode, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 configures thelogical switches1596 to provide the packet to thewireless unit1556 only. In this mode, the wired logical switch is opened such that thebuffer1560 does not receive the wireless only packet. Thewireless buffer1600 of thewireless unit1556 receives the packet and stores it in one of its queues (may only have one queue) in accordance with the priority of the packet. When the packet reaches the front of the queue, theMAC module1602 performs MAC layer functions and thephysical layer module1604 performs PHY functions on the packet in accordance with the one or more wireless communication protocols to produce one or more outbound symbol streams, which are provided to theRF transceiver1554.
• For an inbound packet when the switch module is in a wireless only mode, thewireless unit1556 is active and thebuffer1560 is inactive (e.g., disable or just not receiving a packet). In this mode, a receiver section of theRF transceiver1554 converts one or more inbound RF signals into one or more inbound wireless symbol streams, which are provided to thewireless unit1556. Thephysical layer module1604 performs PHY functions and theMAC module1602 performs MAC layer functions on the one or more outbound symbol streams in accordance one or more wireless communication protocols to produce one or more inbound wireless packets.
• The inbound wireless packet(s) are provided to thewireless buffer1600 for temporary storage in one of its queues (may only have one queue) in accordance with the priority of the packet and a prioritization scheme. When the packet reaches the front of the queue, it is provided to the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562, which provides the packet to the switching circuit for routing to an appropriate port.
• For an outbound packet when the switch module is in a concurrent transmission of the same packet mode, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 configures thelogical switches1596 as shown. In this instance, the center tap of the outbound wireless logical switch is active as is the center tap of the outbound wired logical switch. The center tap of the wired logical switch is coupled to one or more delay modules. For example, one delay module may be used to account for latency differences, processing differences, transmission speed differences, etc. between transmitting a packet wirelessly and transmitting the packet via wired means. Another delay may be used to account for the latency differences, processing differences, reception differences, etc. between receiving a packet wirelessly and receiving a packet via wired means.
• The sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 provides the redundant packets to thebuffer1560 and to thewireless buffer1600 of thewireless unit1556 in a synchronized manner such that the wired packet and the wireless packet are transmitted at substantially the same time. Thewireless unit1556 and thebuffer1560 process their respective packets as previously discussed.
• For an inbound packet when the switch module is in a concurrent transmit of the same packet mode, thewireless unit1556 receives a wireless version of the packet and thebuffer1560 receives a wired version of the packet. Each processes the incoming packet as previously discussed and provides them to the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562.
• In this mode, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 configures thelogical switches1598 to receive the wired and wireless version of the incoming packet. The sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 may provide the wired and wireless versions of the incoming packet to processing module to select which packet will be further processed. Alternatively, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 may include processing to analyze the wired and wireless versions of the packet to determine which packet to provide to the switching circuit. In addition, processing within the serial and/orprocessing unit1562 may further perform error correction, etc. Note that the wired version of the packet may traverse one or more delay modules such that the wired and wireless versions of the packet are substantially in sync.
• For an outbound packet when the switch module is in a concurrent transmission of different packets mode, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 receives two packets from the switching circuit and provides one of the packets to the wirelesslogical switch1596 as shown and the other packet to the wired logical switch as shown. The respective packets are provided to thewireless unit1556 andbuffer1560 for substantially concurrent transmission.
• For an inbound packet when the switch module is in a concurrent transmit of the different packets mode, thewireless unit1556 receives a wireless packet and thebuffer1560 receives a wired packet. Each processes their respective incoming packet as previously discussed and provides them to the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562.
• In this mode, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 configures thelogical switches1598 to receive the wired and wireless packets. The sync serial and/orparallel unit1562 provides the wired and wireless packets to the switching circuit, which provides the packets to the appropriate ports. Note that the wired packet may traverse one or more delay modules such as that the wired and wireless packets are substantially in sync.
• FIG. 95 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes anetwork port1606, anetwork buffer732, a sync serial and/or parallel unit (i.e., a wired-wireless module)1608, a wireless communication module (which includes awireless unit1610 and an RF transceiver1612), aswitching circuit730, aprocessing module734, a plurality of device buffers728, and a plurality ofports726 that is each coupled to avehicle device750 or avehicle module752. Theprocessing module734 is configured to perform a localnetwork management function738. Thememory736 stores one or more databases including a data input/output database740,network protocol database742, an information-entertainment database744, avehicle operations database746, and a mission-critical database748.
• Thenetwork node module390 operates in one of four modes: wired only, wireless only, concurrent transmission of the same packet, and concurrent transmission of different packets. When thenetwork node module390 is in a wired only mode, theRF transceiver1612 andwireless units1610 are inactive. In this mode, thenetwork node module390 functions as previously described with reference to one or more ofFIGS. 41-57.
• When thenetwork node module390 is in a wireless only mode, theRF transceiver1612 and awireless unit1610 are active and of thenetwork port1606 and buffer732 are inactive. In a first version of the wireless only mode, theports726 andbuffers728 are active to transceive packets with thecorresponding vehicle devices750 and/orvehicle modules752. In a second version of the wireless only mode, theports726 andbuffers728 are inactive such that thenetwork node module390 communicates with thevehicle devices750 and/orvehicle modules752 via theRF transceiver1612.
• When thenetwork node module390 is in the concurrent transmission of the same packet mode or is in the concurrent transmission of different packets mode, theRF transceiver1612, thewireless unit1610, thenetwork port1606, and thebuffer732 are active. In these modes, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1608 synchronizes transmission and reception of concurrent packets and coordinates the concurrent transmission of the same packet and concurrent transmission of different packets.
• In the various modes of thenetwork node module390, the sync serial and/orparallel module1608, thebuffer732, thewireless unit1610, theRF transceiver1612, theswitching circuit730, theprocessing module734, the port buffers728, and theports726 function similarly to like-named components of the switch module and/or bridge-routing module.
• FIG. 96 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes anetwork interface762 and may further include one or more of: asensor758 & anADC760; anactuator766 & aDAC768; and an electronic control unit (ECU)770. Thenetwork interface762 includes anetwork transceiver1614,protocol controller1616,processing module1618,buffer1620, sync serial and/orparallel unit1622,wireless unit1624, and anRF transceiver1626.
• Thenetwork interface762 of thenetwork node module390 operates in one of four modes: wired only, wireless only, concurrent transmission of the same packet, and concurrent transmission of different packets. When thenetwork interface762 is in a wired only mode, theRF transceiver1626 andwireless units1624 are inactive. In this mode, thenetwork interface762 functions as previously described with reference to one or more ofFIGS. 43-45 and67.
• When thenetwork interface762 is in a wireless only mode, theRF transceiver1626 and awireless unit1624 are active and thenetwork transceiver1614 andbuffer1620 are inactive. In this mode, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1622 provides packets between thewireless unit1624 and the one or more devices.
• When thenetwork interface762 is in the concurrent transmission of the same packet mode or is in the concurrent transmission of different packets mode, theRF transceiver1626, thewireless unit1624, thenetwork transceiver1614, and thebuffer1620 are active. In these modes, the sync serial and/orparallel unit1622 synchronizes transmission and reception of concurrent packets and coordinates the concurrent transmission of the same packet and concurrent transmission of different packets.
• In the various modes of thenetwork interface762, the sync serial and/orparallel module1622, thebuffer1620, thewireless unit1624, theRF transceiver1626, the switching circuit, and theprocessing module1618 function similarly to like-named components of the switch module and/or bridge-routing module.
• FIG. 97 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of anetwork node module390 that includes anetwork interface762 and may further include one or more of: asensor758 & anADC760; anactuator766 & aDAC768; and an electronic control unit (ECU)770. Thenetwork interface762 includes apower harvesting module1628, awireless unit1624, and anRF transceiver1626.
• Thepower harvesting module1628 may include a power source (e.g., battery, solar panel, etc.) and circuitry to harvest power from light, heat, radio frequency signals, motion, etc. The circuitry of thepower harvesting module1628 generates one ormore supply voltages1630 that powers the other components of thenetwork node module390 and may be used to recharge the power source. With such apower harvesting module1628, thenetwork node module390 does not require an external power source. As such, thenetwork node module390 may be placed within the vehicle where it is difficult, impractical, or impossible to route wires. For example, thenetwork node module390 they be placed on a blade of a fan, on gears of the transmission, etc.
• Thewireless unit1624 and theRF transceiver1626 function as previously described to transmit outbound packets and to receive inbound packets. Note that if thenetwork node module390 only includes asensor758, theRF transceiver1626 may be replaced with an RF receiver. Further note that if anetwork node module390 only includes anactuator766, theRF transceiver1626 may be replaced with an RF transmitter.
• FIG. 98 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wireless network fabric of a vehicular communication network that includes a plurality of bridge-routing modules1632, a plurality ofswitch modules1634, a plurality ofwaveguides1636, and may further include one or moreflexible waveguide couplers1638. Each of theswitch modules1634 and bridge-routing modules1632 includes one ormore antennas1640. Each of theantennas1640 may be physically located proximal to awaveguide1636.
• Awaveguide1636 may be composed of a conductive metal (e.g., copper, aluminum, gold, etc.) and have a geometric shape (e.g., circular tube, square tube, rectangular tube, oval tube, etc.). Alternatively, awaveguide1636 may be composed of a non-conductive material (e.g., plastic, etc.) having an internal metal coating. Note that thewaveguide1636 is shown to be substantially linear, but may include a slight bend (e.g., up to 45°) to accommodate physical constraints of the vehicle. Further note that thewaveguide1636 may include multiple waveguide sections coupled together.
• Theflexible waveguide coupler1638 may be a flexible microstrip fabricated on a flexible substrate (e.g., Kapton substrate). Alternatively, or in addition, the flexible microstrip includes a coplanar waveguide fabricated on a flexible substrate.
• In an example of operation, the RF transceivers within the various modules utilize carrier frequencies in the 60 GHz frequency band. Accordingly, thewaveguides1636 are tuned up for 60 GHz operation. Thewaveguides1636 may be positioned throughout the vehicle to support wireless communications between the various modules of the vehicle communication network. For example, awaveguide1636 may run the length of the floor of the vehicle (and may include repeaters to boost signal strength), may be in a door, may be in the roof, may be in a fender, may be in the hood, may be in the trunk, etc.
• FIG. 99 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of avehicle component1642 having one or more integrated waveguides1644. For example, thevehicle components1642 may be a door, a hood, a roof, a fender, a bumper, a floorboard, a dashboard, etc. The one or more integrated waveguides1644 has a particular geometry based on the frequency band of operation as discussed with reference toFIG. 99.
• FIG. 100 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multimedia processing system within a vehicle. The multimedia processing system includes, in part, the network fabric (vehicular communication network)1646, aGPS processing unit1648, thenetwork manager1650, one or more processing modules (e.g.,processing modules44 fromFIG. 3,processing modules274 fromFIGS. 10 and 11 and/ormultimedia processing modules134 fromFIGS. 6,10 and11), afirst communication interface1654 that provides a wireless (or wireline) connection to amobile device1678,memory device1652, asecond communication interface1656 that provides a wireless (or wireline) connection to aremote server1680, avideo decoder1658, agraphics engine1660, one ormore displays1662, one or more cameras (camera #1 . . . camera #n), apre-processing module1664, acompositor1666, anaudio decoder1668, an audio-video encoder andmultiplexer1670, one or more audio devices (e.g., speakers)1672, and one or more rear seat entertainment units that each include a respective client processing unit (client #1 . . . client #n), a respectiverear seat display1674, and arespective headphone jack1676. Thevideo decoding module1658, thegraphics engine1660, thepreprocessing module1664, thecompositor1666, theaudio decoding module1668, and the audio/video encoding module1670 constitute a head end unit within the vehicle.
• At any given time within a vehicle, one ormore displays1662 and1674 may be displaying video data produced from one or more video sources. Examples of video sources include, but are not limited to, theGPS processing unit1684, thememory device1652, a remote device (e.g.,mobile device1678 or remote server1680), one or more cameras and one or more rear seat entertainment units. For example, one ormore displays1662 and1674 may be displaying video produced by theGPS processing unit1648, video captured by one or more of the cameras, playback of an audio/video file, playback of a videogame, etc. Because of this diverse and almost constant display of video, the vehicle communication system allocates a certain amount of bandwidth to support displaying video.
• For example, if thenetwork fabric1646 is constructed in a manner as discussed with reference toFIGS. 13-57 (e.g., wired connections only), the processing of packets ensures that a video display is not starved for video data (e.g., does not have to repeat a frame) unless the vehicle is in a critical safety state. As another example, if thenetwork fabric1646 is constructed in a manner as discussed with reference toFIGS. 87-99, a combination of wired and wireless connections may be used to provide video data to one or more of thevideo displays1662 and1674. As a specific example, the head end unit may communicate video data for playback using a wired connection to thedisplay1662 and a wireless connection to the rear seat entertainment units. As another specific example, the head end unit may retrieve video data for processing using a wired connection from the cameras,memory1652, rear seat entertainment units, and/orGPS processing unit1648 and a wireless connection from themobile device1678 andremote server1680. It should be noted that a wireless connection could also be used to enable the head end unit to retrieve video data for processing from the cameras and rear seat entertainment units. In addition, it should be noted that a wireline connection could also be used to enable the head end unit to retrieve video data for processing from themobile device1678 andremote server1680. Furthermore, it should be noted that the head end unit could communicate video data for playback to the rear seat entertainment units using a wireline connection and to thedisplay1662 using a wireless connection.
• In an example of operation, when or more of the cameras provides a video stream to the pre-processing module1664, the pre-processing module1664 may perform one or more of the following video functions: video signal format conversion between standard definition, high-definition Blu-Ray, component video, composite video, interlaced video, progressive video, and/or the number of lines (e.g., 1080i, or 1080p, etc.); digital video processing that includes rounding considerations (e.g., truncation, conventional rounding, error feedback rounding, dynamic rounding), standard definition and high-definition transformations, display enhancements (e.g., hue, contrast, brightness, saturation, color transient improvement, sharpness), video mixing, graphic overlay processing, luma and chroma keying, video scaling (e.g., pixel dropping and/or duplication, linear interpolation, anti-aliasing resampling), scan rate conversion (e.g., frame or field dropping and/or duplication, temporal interpolation, motion compression), non-interlaced to interlaced conversion (e.g., scan line decimation, vertical filtering), interlaced to non-interlaced conversion (e.g., intra-field processing, inter-field processing, frequency response consideration), video compression (e.g., DCT, quantization, zig zag scanning, run length coding, variable length coding, etc.); NTSC, PAL, and/or SECAM processing; H.261 processing; H.263 processing; H.264 processing; MPEG encoding, decoding, compression, and decompression.
• Thepre-processing module1664 provides the pre-processed video stream of one or more cameras to thecompositor1666. Thecompositor1666 combines the preprocessed video stream(s) with video graphics provided by thegraphics engine1660 or GPS navigation video and/or other video provided by thevideo decoder1658 under the control of a multimedia function being performed by one or more of the processing modules. For example, thegraphics engine1660 may generate a video graphics overlay that is multiplexed with the pre-processed video stream of one or more of the cameras. Thecompositor1666 provides its output to the audio/video (A/V)encoder1670.
• The A/V encoder1670 may perform one or more of the above mentioned video functions to render an encoded video file of the video stream of one or more of the cameras (with or without a graphic overlay and/or with or without mixing with video from the video decoding module1658). The video file may be stored inmemory1652, sent to one or more of the rear seat entertainment units for playback on thecorresponding display1674 andheadphone jacks1676, and/or provided to thevideo decoder1658 andaudio decoder1668 for playback on thevehicle display1662 andspeakers1672.
• In another example of operation, theGPS processing module1648 provides navigation video data to thevideo decoder1658. Thevideo decoder1658 performs one or more of the above mentioned video functions to produce a decoded version of the GPS navigation video data. Thevideo decoder1658 provides the decoded GPS navigation video data to thedisplay1662 for presentation to occupants of the vehicle and may further provide the decoded GPS navigation video data to thecompositor1666 for combining with a video graphics overlay from thegraphics engine1660 and/or pre-processing video from thepre-processing module1664 to produce an enhanced GPS video stream. Note that the enhanced GPS video stream may be processed by the A/V encoder1670 to produce a corresponding video file that may be stored inmemory1652, decoded via thevideo decoder1658 for presentation on thedisplay1662 and/or provided to one or more of the client modules of the rear entertainment units.
• In yet another example of operation, thevideo decoder1658 andaudio decoder1668 may retrieve an audio-video file frommemory1652 and/or from themobile device1678,remote server1680 or one of the rear seat entertainment units. Thevideo decoder1658 performs one or more of the above mentioned video functions to decode the video portion of the audio-video file and theaudio decoder1668 performs one or more of format conversion, decompression, etc. to decode the audio portion of the audio-video file. In one embodiment, thevideo decoder1658 may further provide the decoded video portion to thecompositor1666 for combining with a video graphics overlay from thegraphics engine1660 and/or pre-processing video from thepre-processing module1664 to produce an enhanced video stream. The A/V encoder andmultiplexer1670 receives the enhanced video stream and decoded audio portion and produces an encoded A/V stream therefrom that can be stored inmemory1652, decoded via thevideo decoder1658 andaudio decoder1658 for presentation on thedisplay1662 andspeakers1672 and/or provided to one or more of the client modules of the rear entertainment units. In another embodiment, thevideo decoder1658 provides the decoded video portion of the audio-video file directly to thedisplay1662 without enhancement for playback thereon, and theaudio decoder1668 provides the decoded audio portion of the audio-video file to thespeakers1672 for playback thereon.
• In a further example of operation, the client processing unit of a rear seat entertainment (RSE) unit may retrieve an audio-video file frommemory1652, from an internal or externally-coupled memory and/or from themobile device1678 orremote server1680. The client processing unit may include its own video decoding module and audio decoding module, where the video decoding module performs one or more of the above mentioned video functions to decode the video portion of the audio-video file and the audio decoding module performs one or more of format conversion, decompression, etc. to decode the audio portion of the audio-video file. TheRSE display1674 presents the decoded video portion of the audio-video file and theheadphone jack1676 presents the decoded audio portion of the audio-video file.
• FIG. 101 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multimedia processing system within a vehicle. The multimedia processing system includes, in part, the network fabric (vehicular communication network)1646, thehead end unit1682, the network manager (shown inFIG. 100), one or more central processing units and/or processing modules (described in more detail inFIG. 100), afirst communication interface1654 for providing a wireless (or wireline) connection tomobile device1678,memory1652, and one or more client processing units (client #1 . . . client #n) of rear seat entertainment units. Thehead end unit1682 includes one ormore video decoders1658, one ormore graphics engines1660, thecompositor1666, theaudio decoder1668, and the audio/video encoder andmultiplexer1670.
• In this embodiment, the client processing units have lower processing capabilities, video decoding capabilities, video graphics processing capabilities, and/or audio decoding capabilities than those of thehead end unit1682. As such, when a client processing unit desires to play back a high-resolution audio-video file (e.g., a 3D video or HD video), it is first processed by thehead end unit1682 to produce a lower resolution audio-video file (e.g., standard definition) for the particular client. If multiple clients are requesting playback of the same high-resolution audio-video file, thehead end unit1682 generates a lower resolution audio-video file for each of the requesting clients.
• In an example of operation, a client processing unit (e.g., client #1) includes a graphics engine, a video decoder, and an audio decoder. In response to a request for playback of a high-resolution audio-video file, the graphics engine ofclient #1 generates a graphics input that is transmitted via thenetwork fabric1646 to a processing module and/or central processing unit (CPU) performing a multimedia function. The processing module interprets the graphics input as a request for playback of the high-resolution audio-video file and retrieves the file frommemory1652 and/or from the mobile device1678 (or other remote device) via thecommunication interface1654.
• The processing module then controls thehead end unit1682 to convert the high-resolution audio-video file into a lower resolution audio-video file. In particular, thevideo decoding module1658 decodes the high-resolution audio-video file and provides it to the audio/video encoding module1670 via thecompositor1666. The audio-video encoding module1670 performs one or more of the video functions (e.g., video scaling, video compression, format conversion, etc.) discussed with reference toFIG. 100 to produce the lower resolution audio-video file. In addition to providing the lower resolution audio-video file to the requesting client, the lower resolution audio-video file may be stored inmemory1652 for subsequent playback by a client without head end unit intervention. Note that the processing module coordinates with the network manager to manage data flow between thehead end unit1682 and the clients utilizing techniques discussed with reference toFIGS. 28-32 and35.
• In another example of operation, one or more of thegraphics engines1660 of thehead end unit1682 may process 3-D video graphics that are subsequently encoded by the audio/video encoding module1670 to render a 2-D video file of the 3-D video graphics. The audio-video encoding module1670 may provide the 2-D video file tomemory1652 for storage and/or to one or more of the client processing modules for display on an RSE display. In this manner, an RSE that does not include sufficient graphic engine resources to process high-resolution 3-D video graphics may nonetheless display high-resolution 3-D video graphics.
• FIG. 102 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for processing high-resolution video content within a vehicular communication network. The method begins after receiving a request for playback of high-resolution video content (e.g., 3D audio-video file, HD video file, Blu-Ray video file, etc.) from one ormore clients1684. Upon receiving the request, the high-resolution video content is received (e.g., retrieved from memory, received from a communication interface, etc.).
• The method continues by determining the number of clients requesting playback of the highresolution video content1686. If there is only one client requesting playback of the high-resolution video content the method continues by decoding the high-resolution video content to produce decodedvideo content1688. The method continues by determining whether the decoded video content will be combined withvideo graphics1690.
• If not, the method continues by encoding1692 and compressing the decoded video content to produce a lowerresolution video file1694. The particular encoding and compression (and other processing) may be based on audio/video processing capabilities of the client, display size, display resolution, available bandwidth of the network fabric, etc. For example, the conversion of the high-resolution video content to a lower resolution video content may include converting a HD file to an SD file, scaling the SD file, and compressing the scaled SD file. The method continues by packetizing and segmenting the video file and sending the packets via the network fabric to theclient1696.
• If the decoded video content is to be combined with graphics, the method continues by combining the decoded video content with the video graphics and then encoding1698 and compressing the combined video data to produce a lower resolution video file withgraphics1700. The method continues by packetizing and segmenting the lower resolution video file with graphics and sending the packets via the network fabric to theclient1702.
• If more than one client has requested playback of the high-resolution video content, the method continues by decoding the high-resolution video content to produce one or more decodedvideo content streams1704. For each client, the method continues by determining whether or the decoded video content will be combined withvideo graphics1706. If not, the method continues by encoding1708 and compressing the decoded video content to produce a lowerresolution video file1710. The method continues by packetizing and segmenting the video file and sending the packets via the network fabric to theclient1712.
• If the decoded video content is to be mixed with graphics, the method continues by combining the decoded video content with the video graphics and then encoding1714 and compressing the combined video data to produce a lower resolution video file withgraphics1716. The method continues by packetizing and segmenting the lower resolution video file with graphics and sending the packets via the network fabric to theclient1718.
• FIGS. 103-105 are example diagrams of an embodiment of processing 3D video within a vehicular communication network.FIG. 103 illustrates thehead end unit1720 generating three video streams of a 3-D video file. The first stream corresponds to angle one of the three-dimensional video file; the second video stream corresponds to no angle of the three-dimensional video file; and the third video stream corresponds to a second angle of the three-dimensional video file. Thehead end unit1720 provides the three video streams sequentially to the client to reduce processing burdens on theclient1722.
• FIG. 104 illustrates an example of the various angles for a given frame of the three-dimensional video file. In this example, a person is running where the no angle video data is shown in the middle, the first angle video data is shown on the left, and the second angle video data is shown on the right. When the three angles of video data are presented on a screen, glasses-less 3-D imaging is obtained.
• FIG. 105 illustrates an example of a frame of 3D video data presented on a client's screen. The screen includes a plurality of pixels, where a box represents one or more pixels, and the pixels may be arranged invideo blocks1726 of 4×4 pixels, 8×8 pixels, 16×16 pixels etc. As shown, angle one video data is provided in a first column, no angle video data is provided in a second column, and second to video data is provided in a third column. The pattern repeats across the screen of theclient display1724.
• FIG. 106 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of commercial insertion within a vehicular communication network. The vehicle communication system includes, in part, thenetwork fabric1646, aGPS processing unit1648, thenetwork manager1650, one or more central processing units, acommunication interface1654,digital storage1734, asecond communication interface1656, avideo decoding module1658, agraphics engine1660, one ofmore displays1728, acompositor1666, anaudio decoding module1668, an audio-video encoding module1670, one ormore speakers1730, and one or more rear seat entertainment units that includes a client processing unit, arear seat display1736, and aheadphone jack1738.
• In an example of operation, the vehicle may upload to a server via acommunication interface1654 information regarding the vehicle (e.g., performance data, fuel level, diagnostic information, etc.), information regarding the occupants of the vehicle, location of the vehicle, a driver profile, etc.1740. Theserver1732 processes this information and generates targetedcommercial content1742. For example, if the vehicle is low on gas, theserver1732 may generatecommercial content1742 regarding the location of several gas stations. As another example, if the drivers profile indicates a preference for a certain type of hobby, theserver1732 may generatecommercial content1742 regarding the hobby.
• Theserver1732 provides thecommercial content1742 to the vehicle via the communication interface1654 (e.g., cellular communication interface, satellite communication interface, etc.). Upon receiving thecommercial content1742, it may be stored in thedigital storage1734 for subsequent playback or provided to thevideo decoding module1658 and/or theaudio decoding module1668 for immediate playback. If thecommercial content1742 is to be immediately played-back, thevideo decoding module1658 decodes thecommercial content1742 in accordance with a video processing protocol (e.g., MPEG, JPEG, HTML, etc.) and provides the decodedcommercial content1742 to thedisplay1728 and/or to thecompositor1666.
• If provided to thecompositor1666, the decodedcommercial content1742 may be combined with video graphics provided by thegraphics engine1660. While thevideo decoding module1658 is decoding the video portion of thecommercial content1742, theaudio decoding module1668 is decoding the audio portion of thecommercial content1742. The resulting decoded audio data may be provided to thespeaker1730 and/or to the A/V encoding module1670.
• The A/V encoding module1670 combines the decoded audio and the decoded video and encodes the combined A/V data to produce an encoded A/V file. The encoded A/V file may be stored in thedigital storage1734 and/or provided to the one or more of the rear seat entertainment units for display to a rear seat passenger.
• FIG. 107 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for commercial insertion within a vehicular communication network. The method begins by determining whether a commercial insertion feature is enabled1744. This may be enabled as a default setting by an automobile manufacturer, may be part of a satellite service or other wireless service, and/or may be a pay to disable feature of the vehicle. If the commercial insertion feature is enabled, the method continues by gathering information regarding thevehicle1746. Such information may include information regarding the occupants, the location of the vehicle, a GPS destination, recent searches, stored multimedia content, recent playback of multimedia content, video games, etc.
• The method continues by sending the information to a server via acommunication interface1748. The communication interface may provide communication with a satellite, another vehicle, a cellular network via a mobile phone interface, a highway wireless network, etc. The method continues by receiving commercial content via thecommercial interface1750. The method continues by determining whether the commercial should be presented1752. Such a determination may be based on the nature of the commercial content, user preference settings, availability of the audio/video resources of the vehicle, etc.
• If the commercial content is to be presented, the method continues by processing the commercial content for audio and orvideo display1754. Such processing may include audio decoding, video decoding, video graphic insertion, audio/video encoding and/or compression, etc. If the commercial content is not to be presented, the method continues by determining whether the commercial content should be stored1756. Such a determination may be based on the nature of the commercial content, user defined settings, etc. If the commercial content is not to be stored, it is discarded1758. If the commercial content is to be stored, it is stored in thedigital storage unit1760.
• FIG. 108 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for expanding memory of a vehicular communication network. The method begins by establishing a communication link with amobile device1762. The mobile device may be a cellular telephone, tablet computer, laptop computer, etc. The communication link may be a Bluetooth link, a wireless local area network link, a femto-cellular telephone mutation link, a proprietary vehicle wireless link, etc. The method continues by expanding the virtual memory of the vehicle communication system to include the memory of themobile device1764.
• The method continues by determining whether a playback request of multimedia data that is stored on the memory of the mobile device is received1766. If not, the method continues by determining whether a request to store multimedia data on the memory of the mobile device is received1768. If yes, the method continues by processing the request to forward data to the mobile device via the communication link for storage therein1770. If a request to store data in the memory of the mobile device is not received, the method continues by determining whether the communication link is still active1772. If the link is still active, the method repeats as shown. If the link is not active, the method repeats by attempting to reestablish thecommunication link1762.
• If a playback request of multimedia data stored in the memory of the mobile device is received, the method continues by determining whether the communication link has sufficient bandwidth to support themultimedia data1774. If yes, the method continues by downloading the multimedia data in a communication link and processing it fordisplay1776. If, however, the communication link does not have sufficient bandwidth to support the multimedia data, the method continues by determining whether additional communication links to the mobile device are available1778. If yes, the method continues by securing one or more of the available communication links to support the bandwidth requirements of themultimedia data1780.
• If additional communication links are not available, the method continues by determining whether a lower data rate is possible for themultimedia data1782. If not, an error results and the multimedia data may not be played back at thistime1784. If the rate of the multimedia data may be lowered, it is and subsequently downloaded via the communication link at thelower rate1786.
• FIG. 109 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for charging of an electric vehicle. The method begins by determining whether the vehicle is electric vehicle or ahybrid vehicle1788. If neither, the method is not performed. If the vehicle is an electric or hybrid car, the method continues by determining whether the batteries need charging1790. If yes, the method continues by connecting to a recharge station, which is typically not at the home of the owner of thevehicle1792. For example, the recharge station may be a service station that offers recharging of an electrical vehicle.
• The method continues by utilizing a communication link of the vehicle communication network to send a registration packet to a power company and/orrecharge service organization1794. The method continues by receiving alogin acknowledgment1796. In response thereto, the method continues by downloading a recharge profile of the user and/or of thevehicle1798. The recharge profile may indicate a pre-negotiated rate for recharging the vehicle, accessing a particular account, utilizing a prepaid credit card, etc. The method continues by charging the vehicle in accordance with the downloadedprofile1800.
• FIG. 110 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for fuel consumption optimization of a vehicle. The method begins by determining whether fuel optimization information is received via acommunication link1802. The fuel optimization information is generated by a server that receives information regarding the car's performance, use profile, make of the car, type of gasoline used, general information regarding the vehicle, etc. Based on this information, the server generates information that may optimize fuel consumption while the vehicle is in use.
• When fuel optimization information is received, the method continues by presenting a message to the driver regardingfuel optimization1804. The method continues by determining whether the driver has acknowledged the fuel optimization method and desires to adjust the performance of thecar1806. If not, the method is complete for this particular fuel optimization message. If, however, the driver has provided an acknowledgment, the method continues by adjusting performance of the vehicle based on thefuel optimization information1808. For example, the fuel optimization information may regulate the speed at which the car is traveling, may regulate the acceleration of the vehicle, may adjust fuel mixtures, air intake, etc. to reduce fuel consumption while still maintaining an acceptable level of performance.
• FIG. 111 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for fuel consumption optimization of a vehicle. The method begins by requesting traffic information and/or road conditions for a known route that the vehicle will be traveling1810. The request may be to a remote source via one of the communication links of the vehicle communication network. The method continues by determining current driving characteristics of the vehicle (e.g., speed, acceleration, braking, and/or other driving traits)1812.
• The method continues by determining whether fuel optimization is possible based on a comparison of the traffic information, road condition information, and thecurrent driving characteristics1814. For example, by lowering the speed of the vehicle, a traffic slowdown ahead in the vehicle's route may clear prior to the vehicle arriving thereby reducing fuel consumption and improving the quality of the trip. If fuel optimization is not possible, the method repeats as shown.
• If, however, fuel optimization is possible, the method continues by presenting a message to the driver regardingfuel optimization options1816. The method continues by determining whether the driver has acknowledged afuel optimization option1818. If not, the method repeats as shown. If yes, the method continues by adjusting performance of the vehicle to optimizefuel consumption1820.
• FIG. 112 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of amulti-level pre-processing module1664 ofFIG. 100. Thepreprocessing module1664 includes a lowlatency subsampling module1822, a firstlevel encoding module1824, a secondlevel encoding module1826, a thirdlevel encoding module1828, and apacketizing module1830.
• In an example of operation, one or more cameras (which can be of any type, including but not limited to, an IP camera, optical camera or IR camera) provide one or more video streams to thepre-processing module1664. For example, one video stream may be from one camera and/or one camera type, while another video stream may be from another camera and/or camera type. The lowlatency sub-sampling module1822 samples the video stream(s) at a particular rate (e.g., 2N, where N=>1) to produce one or more sub-sampled video streams. For example, if the sampling rate is two, then every other pixel is sampled thereby reducing the size of a frame of the video stream(s). The firstlevel encoding module1824 performs a base layer encoding of one of the sub-sampled video streams to produce a first level encoded video stream that has low latency and low quality. In one embodiment, the lowlatency subsampling module1822 is not included or by-passed to provide a video stream captured in low resolution from a camera directly to the firstlevel encoding module1824.
• The secondlevel encoding module1826 performs spatial scaling encoding on the same video stream or a different video stream based on the base layer encoding of the firstlevel encoding module1824 to produce a second level encoded video stream. The thirdlevel encoding module1828 performs quality scaling encoding on the same video stream or a different video stream from the first and/or secondlevel encoding modules1824 and1826 based on the encoding performed by the secondlevel encoding module1826 to produce a third level encoded video stream. Note that a second subsampling module may be included prior to the secondlevel encoding module1826 to reduce latency of producing the second encoded video stream.
• Thepacketizing module1830 receives the three levels of encoded video streams and packetizes them to produce a single packet stream output. A processing module (not shown) generates a control signal to indicate an encoding mode to thepre-processing module1664. Thepre-processing module1164 enables one or more of the levels of encoding based on the encoding mode. For example, thepre-processing module1164 may enable one or more of the levels of encoding based on a mode of operation (e.g., a mode of operation of the vehicle, camera(s) and/or pre-processing module1664), a vehicle status, an availability of network resources of the vehicular communication network and/or packet content. The control signal may further control (e.g., adjust encoded characteristics, etc.) the first, second, and/or third level of encoding as well as control (e.g., enable, adjust packetizing characteristics, etc.) thepacketizing module1830. Note that thepreprocessing module1664 may include more or less levels of encoding. Further note that one or more of the layers of encoding may further include compression.
• FIG. 113 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of amulti-level video decoder1658 of a vehicular communication network. Thevideo decoder1658 includes ade-packetizing module1832, a firstlevel decoding module1834, a secondlevel decoding module1836, a thirdlevel decoding module1838, and avideo output module1840. The first, second, and third level video decoding modules perform the corresponding video decoding of the video encoding performed by the first, second, and third level video encoding modules of the preprocessing module.
• As an example of operation, thede-packetizing module1832 receives the single packet stream output of thepre-processing module1664. Thede-packetizing module1832 provides first level encoded packets to the firstlevel decoding module1834, provides second level encoded packets to the secondlevel decoding module1836, and provides third level encoded packets to the thirdlevel decoding module1838. Each of the decoding modules decodes their respective packets to produce respective first, second and third level decoded video signals.
• Thevideo output module1840 may output one, two, or all three of the decoded video signals to produce a decoded video output based on a control signal produced by the processing module (as inFIG. 112). In addition to indicating the encoding mode, the control signal may further indicate particular one(s) of the levels of decoding to output. Such a control signal (encoding mode) may be generated, for example, based on the packet content. For example, safety related video functions require low latency video inputs, which can be of low quality, to perform the corresponding safety-related operations; thus thevideo output module1840 may only need to output the first level decoded video signal. As another example, the vehicle display and/or one or more of the RSE displays can tolerate latency but require a higher quality video input, so thevideo output module1840 may output only the second or third level of decoding. Note that the video provided to an RSE display is first processed by the audio/video processing module. Further note that the encoding performed by the preprocessing module and the decoding performed by thevideo decoder1658 may include one or more of the video functions discussed with reference toFIG. 100. In addition, the control signal (encoding mode) may also be generated, for example, based on a mode of operation, such that different operation mode(s) may use video from different coding layer(s).
• FIG. 114 is a diagram of an example of the pre-processing module ofFIG. 112 performing first level encoding. In this example, a frame of video data is received, where a square represents a pixel, a block of pixels etc. The low latencies subsampling module samples the video input (H) to produce a sub sampled video frame. The darkened squares represent pixels, pixel blocks, etc. that were sampled and the white squares represent pixels, pixel blocks etc. that were not sampled. The low latency subsampling module provides an H/2 sub-sampled frame of video to the first level encoding module. The first level encoding module encodes slices of the H/2 frame of video to produce the first level encoded video data.
• FIG. 115 is a diagram of an example of a low latency video packet organization as may be outputted by the packetizing module of the pre-processing module. In this example, the packetizing module receives packets during time intervals over a period of time. During a first time interval of the example afirst level 1 packet A is received from the first level encoding module. At a second time interval, asecond level 1 packet B is received from the first level encoding module and afirst level 2 packet A is received from the second level encoding module. At a third time interval, athird level 1 packet C is received from the first level encoding module and afirst level 3 packet A is received from the third level encoding module. In this example, the first level encoding module provides a packet at every time interval, the second level encoding module provides a packet every other time interval, and the third level encoding module provides a packet every third time.
• The packetizing module outputs the packets in a serial manner with packets from the first level encoding module having priority over the other encoding modules. As such, in response to the packets received during the first time interval, the packetizing module outputs the first level one packet A (the only one it received). In response to the packets received during the second time interval, the packetizing module outputs thesecond level 1 packet B prior to thefirst level 2 packet A. In response to the packets received during the third time interval, the packetizing module outputs thethird level 1 packet C prior to thefirst level 3 packet A; and so on.
• FIG. 116 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for multi-level video processing. The method begins by determining whether video recording is enabled1842. The video recording may be enabled based on a user input, based on sensing a trigger event (putting the car in reverse), etc. If the video recording is enabled, the method continues by determining an encoding mode based on vehicle status and availability of network resources (e.g., bandwidth of the network fabric, availability of processing modules, availability of memory, availability of video encoding, availability of video decoding, etc.)1844.
• The method continues by enabling one or more levels of video encoding in the preprocessing module based on thedetermined encoding mode1846. The method continues by facilitating handshaking between the video encoding and video decoding in accordance with the enabledencoding mode1848. The method continues by capturing video, encoding it in accordance with the encoding mode, and decoding it in accordance with theencoding mode1850. The method continues by determining whether encoding conditions had changed1852. If not, the method repeats as shown. If yes, the method repeats by determining whether video recording is enabled1850.
• FIG. 117 is a diagram of an example of a videosafety monitoring module1854 using multi-level video. In this example, a videosafety monitoring module1854 receives first level decoded (or encoded)video data1856 and processes it to determine whether criteria for detecting a safety issue have been met. If a safety issue is detected, the videosafety monitor module1854 generates and outputs a video detected safety issue (hereinafter referred to as a safety command)1858. For example, the vehiclesafety monitoring module1854 may be programmed to detect the potential of a collision using video information and, if a collision seems imminent, the videosafety monitor module1854 generates one or more safety commands that may be used to enable automatic evasive maneuvers, trigger alarms, etc.
• FIG. 118 is a diagram of another example of a user display1860 and/ordriver assist module1862 using multi-level video. In this example, a user display1860 and/or adriver assist module1862 receives second and/or third level decoded (or encoded)video data1864. For example, the video data may correspond to video captured by rear cameras of a vehicle, where the video data is used for parking assistance.
• FIG. 119 is a diagram of an example of processing video content authorization in a vehicle network communication system. The vehicle communication system includes, in part, the network fabric, aGPS processing unit1648, thenetwork manager1650, one or morecentral processing units1864, acommunication interface1654, memory (storage)1734, a digital rights management (DRM)interface1866, avideo decoding module1658, agraphics engine1660, one ofmore displays1662, one or more cameras, apre-processing module1664, acompositor1666, anaudio decoding module1668, an audio-video encoding module1670, one ormore speakers1672, and one or more rear seat entertainment units that includes a client processing unit, arear seat display1674, and aheadphone jack1676. Thevideo decoding module1658, thegraphics engine1660, thepreprocessing module1664, thecompositor1666, theaudio decoding module1668, and the audio/video encoding module1670 constitute a head end unit within the vehicle.
• In an example of operation, the vehicle downloads video content1868 from ahome1870, where the video content1868 is copyright protected. In this instance, before playback of the video content1868 within the vehicle occurs, the vehicle determines whether the occupant(s) of the vehicle are authorized to display the copyrighted video content1868 within the vehicle. To accomplish this, an occupant of the vehicle provides digital rights management information to theDRM security interface1866. This can be done by using a card that is inserted into a slot within the dashboard of the vehicle, via a wireless communication between a mobile device of an occupant and theDRM security interface1866, etc.
• A processing module orCPU1864 interprets the DRM information received from the occupant to determine the occupant's rights for displaying copyrighted video content. When an occupant requests playback of a particular copyrighted video file, theprocessing module1864 determines whether the copyrighted video file includes a watermark and or unique ID that corresponds to the DRM information of the occupant. If so, the playback of the particular copyrighted video file is allowed. If not, the playback is prohibited and a corresponding message may be provided to the occupant.
• FIG. 120 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for video content authorization processing within a vehicle communication network. The method begins by downloading video data from a home tovehicle1870. The method continues by determining whether a playback request for the downloaded video is received1872. If a playback request is received, the method continues by determining whether the video content includes DRM information that prevents its playback in avehicle1874. If the video content includes DRM information that prevents playback in the vehicle, the playback request is denied1876.
• If the video content does not include DRM information that prevents in vehicle playback, the method continues by accessing video security information of an occupant via aDRM security interface1878. The video security information may include a watermark, a video ID, accessing a third party service to determine authorization and/or to obtain authorization, etc. The method continues by determining whether the occupant has the right to play back thisvideo content1880. If not, the request is denied1876. If so, the playback is enabled1882.
• The method may further include checking DRM information prior to, or during, download of the video content to determine whether the video content may be downloaded to a vehicle. If not, the download request is denied. If so, the download is enabled.
• FIG. 121 is a diagram of an example of resource sharing in a vehicle communication network in a distributed system. The system includes avehicle1884, anothervehicle1886,home1888, and Internet coupled devices. Each of thevehicle1884 andother vehicle1886 includes thenetwork fabric1892, processingresources1894 and1918 (e.g., processing modules, CPUs, ECUs, video decoding modules, video encoding modules, etc.),memory1896 and1920, and agateway1898. Thehome1888 includesprocessing resources1900 andmemory1902. The Internet coupled devices includememory1904, processingresources1906,servers1908, automobile meta-factor1910 or services, and/orautomobile repair services1912.
• In an example of operation, thevehicle1884 communicates with thehome1888, theother vehicle1886, and/or theInternet1890 to request processing resources and/or memory to augment, or off-load, processing within thevehicle1884 and/or storage of vehicle data. As a more specific example, thevehicle1884 may be in communication with thehome1888 and requests access to one ormore processing resources1900 to augment, or off-load, video processing within thevehicle1884. In this specific example, if thehome1888 has availablevideo processing resources1900, and thevehicle1884 is authorized to access them, thehome1888 may grant access to theprocessing resources1900 for co-processing of video data for thevehicle1884.
• As another more specific example, thevehicle1884 andother vehicle1886 may be traveling on the same road and are within wireless communication range of each other. In this instance, thevehicle1884 requests access to one ormore processing resources1918 of theother vehicle1886 to augment, or off-load, a process being executed within thevehicle1884 or needing to be executed. Theother vehicle1886 receives the request, determines whether thevehicle1884 is authorized to access itsprocessing resources1918 and/ormemory1920, and, if so, determines whether to grant access to theprocessing resources1918 and/ormemory1920. If access is granted, data is exchanged via a wireless communication link between the two vehicles. The health of the link is continually monitored to ensure that data and processing thereof is accurately communicated between vehicles.
• As yet another more specific example, thevehicle1884 may request access toInternet processing resources1906 and/ormemory1904 for augmenting, or offloading, processes within the vehicle and/or storage of vehicle data. In this instance, thevehicle1884 sends a request via thecellular network1914 and/or thehighway wireless network1916 to aservice provider1912 coupled to theInternet1890. Theservice provider1912 receives a request, determines whether thevehicle1884 is authorized to accessprocessing resources1906 and/ormemory1904, and, if so, determines whether to grant access to theprocessing resources1906 and/ormemory1904. If access is granted, thevehicle1884 utilizes thecellular network1914 and/orhighway wireless network1916 to communicate with the allocatedprocessing resources1906 and/or allocatedmemory resources1904.
• FIG. 122 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a method for resource sharing within a distributed system. The method begins by collecting vehicle data, which may be data from one or more sensors of the vehicle, diagnostic data, performance data, occupant data, etc.1922. The method continues by determining whether the vehicle network traffic is slow1924. For example, the vehicle network traffic may be slow if the car is not in use, is in use but parked, and/or at a scheduled time when the car is typically not in use.
• When the network traffic is slow, the method continues by sending the vehicle data to one or more of service providers via the gateway for storage and/orprocessing1926. The method continues by determining whether feedback is received (e.g., receiving a message indicating needed service, a message regarding recommended service, a message acknowledging storage, etc.)1928. If feedback is received, the method continues by processing the feedback (e.g., provide a message to a user, switch to a backup component, etc.)1930.
• FIG. 123 is a logic diagram of another embodiment of a method for resource sharing within a distributed system. The method begins by determining whether the vehicle network is linked to an external processing module and/or memory for augmenting, and/or off-loading, processing and/ordata storage1932. If yes, the method continues by determining whether to use the external processing module and/ormemory1934. If yes, the method continues by requesting to access theresources1936. The method continues by determining whether the request is granted1938. If yes, the method continues by coordinatingresource sharing1940.
• FIG. 124 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of apower management module1942 that includes anetwork interface1944, aprocessing module1946, andmemory1948. Thenetwork interface1944 may connect to the network fabric (vehicular communication network) via a wireless connection and/or awired connection1950. Thememory1948 stores anetwork topology database1952, power saving options and corresponding applications, and adevice database1954.
• Thedevice database1954 includes fields for adevice ID1956, devicepower saving options1958, network power island ID1960 (e.g., the power island in which the device resides), and power islandpower savings options1962. Note that a power island may include two or more vehicle devices and/or vehicle modules. The devices and/or modules within a power island may be related by device type, device function and/or device location within the vehicular communication network. For example, as shown inFIG. 10, the leftfront assembly286 may be a power island, which includes various devices, such as a left headlight, left blinker and left sensor.
• The devicepower savings options1958 for a particular device may include, for example, one or more of: placing the device in a sleep mode, reducing the supply voltage to the device, reducing the clock rate of the device, disabling power to the device, limiting the current to the device and using a lower power physical layer communication link for the device. The power islandpower savings options1962 for a particular power island may include, for example, one or more of: placing each of the devices in the power island in a sleep mode, reducing the supply voltage to each of the devices in the power island, reducing the clock rate of each of the devices in the power island, disabling power to each of the devices in the power island, limiting the current to each of the devices of the power island and using a lower power physical layer communication link for each of the devices in the power island.
• For example,device 000 000 is not in a power island and has power saving options one, three, four, and six. With reference to the power saving options table, power saving option one corresponds to a sleep/wake mode, power saving option two corresponds to a power on/off mode, power saving option three corresponds to reducing a supply voltage, power saving option four includes reducing a clock rate, power saving option five includes current limiting, power saving option six includes lowering power of a physical layer communication link, and may include other power saving techniques. As such,device 000 000 may have its power adjusted by placing it in a sleep mode when inactive (i.e., power saving option 1), have its supply voltage reduced (i.e., power saving option 3), have its clock rate reduced (i.e., power saving option 4), and/or use a lower power physical layer communication link (i.e., power saving option 6).
• As another example,device 000 001 is inpower island 001 and has individual power saving options of one, three and four. The power saving options forisland 001 include power saving options one and two. As such, thedevice 000 001 may be individually controlled for power savings and/or controlled as part of the power island. Individually, thedevice 000 001 may be placed in a sleep mode when inactive (i.e., power saving option 1), have its supply voltage reduced (i.e., power saving option 3), and/or have its clock rate reduced (i.e., power saving option 4).
• As yet another example,device 000 002 is inpower island 001 and has individual power saving options of one, three and six. The power saving options forisland 001 include power saving options one and two. As such, thedevice 000 002 may be individually controlled for power savings and/or controlled as part of the power island. Individually, thedevice 000 002 may be placed in a sleep mode when inactive (i.e., power saving option 1), have its supply voltage reduced (i.e., power saving option 3), and/or use a lower power physical layer communication link (i.e., power saving option 6).
• FIG. 125 is a logic diagram of an embodiment of method for power management in a vehicle network communication system that may be performed by the processing module of the power management module. The method begins by selecting a device coupled to thenetwork fabric1964. The selection may be based on a periodic checking of devices coupled to the network fabric, monitoring activity of the device, in response to a request, etc.
• The method continues by determining whether to enable power savings for theparticular device1966. Such a determination may be based on the current state of the device. For example, the current state may be an active state or an idle state. If in an active state, the current state may further indicate a present or future operation of the device, such as the current task being performed by the device, the speed at which the task needs to be performed, whether the device is currently performing a task, whether the device will be performing a task imminently, etc.
• If power savings is to be enabled, the method continues by determining whether to employ an individual power saving option or a power islandpower saving option1968. For example, the method may determine whether the device belongs to a power island, and if so, determine whether to enable power savings for that power island. If the device does not belong to a power island, an individual power saving option can be applied to the device. Likewise, if the device belongs to a power island, but power savings do not need to be enabled for the power island, an individual power saving option can be applied to the device. For example, the determination of whether power savings need to be enabled for the power island can be based on the current state of one or more of the device and the power island. As mentioned above, the current state may indicate one or more of a present operation or a future operation of the device and/or power island. However, if the device belongs to a power island and a determination is made that power savings should be enabled for that power island, a power island power savings option can be applied to the power island.
• If an individual power saving option is to be applied, the method continues by selecting and applying the individualpower saving option1970. The selection may be based on, for example, the type of device, the use of the device (i.e., one or more operations performed by the device), the location of the device in the network, etc. If a power island power saving option is to be used, the method continues by selecting and applying the power saving option to be applied1972. The selection may be based, for example, on the type of devices within the power island, the use of the devices within the power island (i.e., one or more operations performed by one or more devices within the power island), the location of the power island in the network, etc. After applying the power saving option, the method continues by determining whether a list of devices has been exhausted1974. If not, the method repeats by selecting anotherdevice1964.
• If the list of devices has been exhausted, the method continues by determining whether the power options for one or more devices should be updated1976. If so, the process repeats from the beginning for the particular devices. In addition, or in the alternative, the method may be continually repeated to change the power saving options for one or more devices.
• As may be used herein, the terms “substantially” and “approximately” provides an industry-accepted tolerance for its corresponding term and/or relativity between items. Such an industry-accepted tolerance ranges from less than one percent to fifty percent and corresponds to, but is not limited to, component values, integrated circuit process variations, temperature variations, rise and fall times, and/or thermal noise. Such relativity between items ranges from a difference of a few percent to magnitude differences. As may also be used herein, the term(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, It's and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via an intervening item (e.g., an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, an element, a circuit, and/or a module) where, for indirect coupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or power level. As may further be used herein, inferred coupling (i.e., where one element is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two items in the same manner as “coupled to”. As may even further be used herein, the term “operable to” or “operably coupled to” indicates that an item includes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., to perform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and may further include inferred coupling to one or more other items. As may still further be used herein, the term “associated with”, includes direct and/or indirect coupling of separate items and/or one item being embedded within another item. As may be used herein, the term “compares favorably”, indicates that a comparison between two or more items, signals, etc., provides a desired relationship. For example, when the desired relationship is thatsignal 1 has a greater magnitude thansignal 2, a favorable comparison may be achieved when the magnitude ofsignal 1 is greater than that ofsignal 2 or when the magnitude ofsignal 2 is less than that ofsignal 1.
• While the transistors in the above described figure(s) is/are shown as field effect transistors (FETs), as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the transistors may be implemented using any type of transistor structure including, but not limited to, bipolar, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), N-well transistors, P-well transistors, enhancement mode, depletion mode, and zero voltage threshold (VT) transistors.
• The present invention has also been described above with the aid of method steps illustrating the performance of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries and sequence of these functional building blocks and method steps have been arbitrarily defined herein for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries and sequences can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships are appropriately performed. Any such alternate boundaries or sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention.
• The present invention has been described, at least in part, in terms of one or more embodiments. An embodiment of the present invention is used herein to illustrate the present invention, an aspect thereof, a feature thereof, a concept thereof, and/or an example thereof. A physical embodiment of an apparatus, an article of manufacture, a machine, and/or of a process that embodies the present invention may include one or more of the aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. described with reference to one or more of the embodiments discussed herein. Further, from figure to figure, the embodiments may incorporate the same or similarly named functions, steps, modules, etc. that may use the same or different reference numbers and, as such, the functions, steps, modules, etc. may be the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc. or different ones.
• The present invention has been described above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the performance of certain significant functions. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries could be defined as long as the certain significant functions are appropriately performed. Similarly, flow diagram blocks may also have been arbitrarily defined herein to illustrate certain significant functionality. To the extent used, the flow diagram block boundaries and sequence could have been defined otherwise and still perform the certain significant functionality. Such alternate definitions of both functional building blocks and flow diagram blocks and sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. One of average skill in the art will also recognize that the functional building blocks, and other illustrative blocks, modules and components herein, can be implemented as illustrated or by discrete components, application specific integrated circuits, processors executing appropriate software and the like or any combination thereof.

Claims (20)

1. A system for performing multi-level video processing within a vehicle, comprising:

a pre-processing module for determining an encoding mode and enabling one or more levels of encoding based on the encoding mode, the pre-processing module further for receiving a video stream from a camera attached to the vehicle via a vehicular communication network and encoding the video stream based on the encoding mode to produce a packet stream output; and

a video decoder for receiving the packet stream output and decoding the packet stream output in accordance with the encoding mode to produce a decoded video output.

2. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the pre-processing module comprises:

a first level encoding module for performing a base layer encoding of the video stream to produce a first level encoded video stream with low latency;

a second level encoding module for performing spatial scaling encoding on the video stream based on the base layer encoding of the first level encoding module to produce a second level encoded video stream;

a third level encoding module for performing quality scaling encoding on the video stream based on the base layer encoding of the first level encoding module and the spatial scaling encoding of the second level encoding module to produce a third level encoded video stream; and

a packetizing module for receiving and packetizing the first level encoded video stream, the second level encoded video stream and the third level encoded video stream to produce a packet stream output;

wherein at least one of the first level encoding module, the second level encoding module and the third level encoding module is enabled based on the encoding mode.

3. The system ofclaim 2, wherein the pre-processing module further comprises:

at least one of:

a first low latency sub-sampling module for sampling the video stream at a first rate to produce a sub-sampled video stream provided to the first level encoding module; and

a second low latency sub-sampling module for sampling the video stream at a second rate higher than the first rate to produce a second sub-sampled video stream provided to the second level encoding module.

4. The system ofclaim 2, further comprising:

a processing module for generating a control signal that indicates the encoding mode to the pre-processing module.

5. The system ofclaim 4, wherein the control signal further adjusts characteristics of one or more of the first level encoding module, the second level encoding module, the third level encoding module and the packetizing module.

6. The system ofclaim 4, wherein the processing module generates the control signal based on at least one of a mode of operation, packet content, a vehicle status and an availability of network resources of the vehicular communication network.

7. The system ofclaim 2, wherein the packetizing module prioritizes output of packets from the first level encoded video stream into the packet stream output.

8. The system ofclaim 7, wherein the packetizing module output packets from the first level encoded video stream, second level encoded video stream and third level encoded video stream in a serial manner with the packets from the first level encoded video stream having priority over the packets from the second level encoded video stream and the third level encoded video stream to produce the packet stream output.

9. The system ofclaim 2, wherein the video decoder further comprises:

a de-packetizing module for receiving the packet stream output and separating the packet stream output into first level encoded packets, second level encoded packets and third level encoded packets;

a first level decoding module for receiving the first level encoded packets and decoding the first level encoded packets to produce a first level decoded video signal;

a second level decoding module for receiving the second level encoded packets and decoding the second level encoded packets to produce a second level decoded video signal;

a third level decoding module for receiving the third level encoded packets and decoding the third level encoded packets to produce a third level decoded video signal; and

a video output module for receiving and outputting at least one of the first level decoded video signal, the second level decoded video signal and the third level decoded video signal based on the encoding mode to produce the decoded video output.

10. The system ofclaim 9, further comprising:

a processing module for generating a control signal that indicates the encoding mode to the video decoder.

11. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the control signal further indicates a particular one of the first level decoded video signal, the second level decoded video signal and the third level decoded video signal to output as the decoded video output.

12. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the control signal instructs the video output module to output the first level decoded video signal as the decoded video output, and further comprising:

a video safety monitoring module for receiving the output video signal and processing the decoded video output to determine whether criteria for detecting a safety issue are met, and if so, generating a safety command.

13. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the control signal instructs the video output module to output at least one of the second level decoded video signal and the third level decoded video signal as the decoded video output, and further comprising:

a user display for receiving the decoded video output and displaying the decoded video output thereon.

14. A pre-processing module for performing multi-level video processing within a vehicle, comprising:

a first level encoding module for performing a base layer encoding of a video stream received from a camera attached to the vehicle via a vehicular communication network to produce a first level encoded video stream with low latency;

a second level encoding module for performing spatial scaling encoding on the video stream based on the base layer encoding of the first level encoding module to produce a second level encoded video stream;

a third level encoding module for performing quality scaling encoding on the video stream based on the base layer encoding of the first level encoding module and the spatial scaling encoding of the second level encoding module to produce a third level encoded video stream; and

a packetizing module for receiving and packetizing the first level encoded video stream, the second level encoded video stream and the third level encoded video stream to produce a packet stream output;

wherein at least one of the first level encoding module, the second level encoding module and the third level encoding module is enabled based on an encoding mode.

15. The pre-processing module ofclaim 14, further comprising:

at least one of:

a first low latency sub-sampling module for sampling the video stream at a first rate to produce a sub-sampled video stream provided to the first level encoding module; and

a second low latency sub-sampling module for sampling the video stream at a second rate higher than the first rate to produce a second sub-sampled video stream provided to the second level encoding module.

16. The pre-processing module ofclaim 14, wherein the packetizing module prioritizes output of packets from the first level encoded video stream into the packet stream output.

17. The pre-processing module ofclaim 16, wherein the packetizing module outputs packets from the first level encoded video stream, the second level encoded video stream and the third level encoded video stream in a serial manner with the packets from the first level encoded video stream having priority over the packets from the second level encoded video stream and the third level encoded video stream to produce the packet stream output.

18. A video decoder for performing multi-level video processing within a vehicle, comprising:

a de-packetizing module for receiving a packet stream output representing a video stream captured by a camera attached to the vehicle via a vehicular communication network, the de-packetizing module further for separating the packet stream output into first level encoded packets, second level encoded packets and third level encoded packets;

a first level decoding module for receiving the first level encoded packets and decoding the first level encoded packets to produce a first level decoded video signal;

a second level decoding module for receiving the second level encoded packets and decoding the second level encoded packets to produce a second level decoded video signal;

a third level decoding module for receiving the third level encoded packets and decoding the third level encoded packets to produce a third level decoded video signal; and

a video output module for receiving and outputting at least one of the first level decoded video signal, the second level decoded video signal and the third level decoded video signal based on a control signal to produce a decoded video output.

19. The video decoder ofclaim 18, wherein the control signal further indicates a particular one of the first level decoded video signal, the second level decoded video signal and the third level decoded video signal to output as the decoded video output.

20. The video decoder ofclaim 19, wherein the control signal is generated based on at least one of a mode of operation, packet content, a vehicle status and an availability of network resources of the vehicular communication network.

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