US20120084722A1 - Multiple child windows in dual display communication devices - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to methodologies and devices for handling maximizing and minimizing of hierarchically related windows.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
• The present application claims the benefits of and priority, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), to U.S. Provisional Application Serial Nos. 61/389,000, filed Oct. 1, 2010, entitled “DUAL DISPLAY WINDOWING SYSTEM;” 61/389,117, filed Oct. 1, 2010, entitled “MULTI-OPERATING SYSTEM PORTABLE DOCKETING DEVICE;” 61/389,087, filed Oct. 1, 2010, entitled “TABLET COMPUTING USER INTERFACE;” 61/458,150, filed Nov. 17, 2010, entitled “Dual Screen Email Client;” XX/XXXXXX, filed Sep. XX, 2011, entitled “MOBILE DEVICE.” Each of the aforementioned documents is incorporated herein by this reference in their entirety for all that they teach and for all purposes.
BACKGROUND
• A substantial number of handheld computing devices, such as cellular phones, tablets, and E-Readers, make use of a touch screen display not only to deliver display information to the user but also to receive inputs from user interface commands. While touch screen displays may increase the configurability of the handheld device and provide a wide variety of user interface options, this flexibility typically comes at a price. The dual use of the touch screen to provide content and receive user commands, while flexible for the user, may obfuscate the display and cause visual clutter, thereby leading to user frustration and loss of productivity.
• The small form factor of handheld computing devices requires a careful balancing between the displayed graphics and the area provided for receiving inputs. On the one hand, the small display constrains the display space, which may increase the difficulty of interpreting actions or results. On the other, a virtual keypad or other user interface scheme is superimposed on or positioned adjacent to an executing application, requiring the application to be squeezed into an even smaller portion of the display.
• This balancing act is particularly difficult for single display touch screen devices. Single display touch screen devices are crippled by their limited screen space. When users are entering information into the device, through the single display, the ability to interpret information in the display can be severely hampered, particularly when a complex interaction between display and interface is required.
SUMMARY
• There is a need for a dual multi-display handheld computing device that provides for enhanced power and/or versatility compared to conventional single display handheld computing devices. These and other needs are addressed by the various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations of the present disclosure. Also, while the disclosure is presented in terms of exemplary embodiments, it should be appreciated that individual aspects of the disclosure can be separately claimed.
• In one embodiment, a method is provided that includes the steps of:
• • receiving, by processor executable middleware in a multi-display communication device, a command to at least one of minimize and maximize a set of related windows from a common multi-screen application, the set of related windows comprising a higher level window and a lower level window at least one of displayed and to be displayed by different touch sensitive displays;
• applying, by the processor executable middleware, the following rules:
• • (B1) when the set of related windows is to be minimized, selecting a touch sensitive display for displaying the higher level window and ceasing to display the lower level window on the other touch sensitive display; and
  • (B2) when the set of related windows is to be maximized, selecting a predetermined touch sensitive display for displaying one of the higher and lower level window and causing the other of the higher and lower level window to be displayed on the other touch sensitive display.
• In one embodiment, a communication device is provided that includes:
• at least first and second touch sensitive displays to display windows;
• a processor; and
• a computer readable memory, the computer readable memory comprising processor executable middleware operable to:
• receive a command to at least one of minimize and maximize a set of related windows from a common multi-screen application, the set of related windows comprising a higher level window and a lower level window at least one of displayed and to be displayed by different touch sensitive displays;
• apply the following rules:
• • (i) when the set of related windows is to be minimized, selecting a touch sensitive display for displaying the higher level window and ceasing to display the lower level window on the other touch sensitive display; and
  • (ii) when the set of related windows is to be maximized, selecting a predetermined touch sensitive display for displaying one of the higher and lower level window and causing the other of the higher and lower level window to be displayed on the other touch sensitive display.
• In one configuration, the set of related windows is maximized, the command is a drag or a flick, neither the higher nor lower level window is displayed in the predetermined touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and the lower level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the predetermined touch sensitive display, thereby revealing the higher level window in the other touch sensitive display.
• In one configuration, the set of related windows is maximized, the command is a drag or a flick, the lower level window is in the predetermined touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and the higher level window appears to move from the predetermined touch sensitive display to the other touch sensitive display, whereby the lower level window is displayed by the predetermined touch sensitive display and the higher level window is displayed by the other touch sensitive display.
• In one configuration, the set of related windows is maximized, the multi-display communication device is in the portrait display mode, and the predetermined touch sensitive display is the right-most touch sensitive display.
• In one configuration, the set of related windows is minimized, the command is a drag or a flick, the higher and lower level window are concurrently displayed in the selected and other touch sensitive displays when the gesture is received, the lower level display is displayed in the selected touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and the higher level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the selected touch sensitive display, thereby covering the lower level window in the other touch sensitive display.
• In one configuration, the set of related windows is minimized, the command is a drag or a flick, the higher and lower level window are concurrently displayed in the selected and other touch sensitive displays when the gesture is received, the higher level display is displayed in the selected touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and the lower level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the selected touch sensitive display, thereby disappearing under the higher level window in the other touch sensitive display.
• The present disclosure can provide effective and convenient rules to handle displayed images, particularly hierarchically related windows.
• These and other advantages will be apparent from the disclosure.
• The phrases “at least one”, “one or more”, and “and/or” are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “at least one of A, B, or C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, “one or more of A, B, or C” and “A, B, and/or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together.
• The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted that the terms “comprising”, “including”, and “having” can be used interchangeably.
• The term “automatic” and variations thereof, as used herein, refers to any process or operation done without material human input when the process or operation is performed. However, a process or operation can be automatic, even though performance of the process or operation uses material or immaterial human input, if the input is received before performance of the process or operation. Human input is deemed to be material if such input influences how the process or operation will be performed. Human input that consents to the performance of the process or operation is not deemed to be “material”.
• The term “computer-readable medium” as used herein refers to any tangible storage and/or transmission medium that participate in providing instructions to a processor for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, NVRAM, or magnetic or optical disks. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory. Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, magneto-optical medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, a solid state medium like a memory card, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read. A digital file attachment to e-mail or other self-contained information archive or set of archives is considered a distribution medium equivalent to a tangible storage medium. When the computer-readable media is configured as a database, it is to be understood that the database may be any type of database, such as relational, hierarchical, object-oriented, and/or the like. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include a tangible storage medium or distribution medium and prior art-recognized equivalents and successor media, in which the software implementations of the present disclosure are stored.
• The term “desktop” refers to a metaphor used to portray systems. A desktop is generally considered a “surface” that typically includes pictures, called icons, widgets, folders, etc. that can activate show applications, windows, cabinets, files, folders, documents, and other graphical items. The icons are generally selectable to initiate a task through user interface interaction to allow a user to execute applications or conduct other operations.
• The term “screen,” “touch screen,” or “touchscreen” refers to a physical structure that includes one or more hardware components that provide the device with the ability to render a user interface and/or receive user input. A screen can encompass any combination of gesture capture region, a touch sensitive display, and/or a configurable area. The device can have one or more physical screens embedded in the hardware. However a screen may also include an external peripheral device that may be attached and detached from the device. In embodiments, multiple external devices may be attached to the device. Thus, in embodiments, the screen can enable the user to interact with the device by touching areas on the screen and provides information to a user through a display. The touch screen may sense user contact in a number of different ways, such as by a change in an electrical parameter (e.g., resistance or capacitance), acoustic wave variations, infrared radiation proximity detection, light variation detection, and the like. In a resistive touch screen, for example, normally separated conductive and resistive metallic layers in the screen pass an electrical current. When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact in the contacted location, whereby a change in electrical field is noted and the coordinates of the contacted location calculated. In a capacitive touch screen, a capacitive layer stores electrical charge, which is discharged to the user upon contact with the touch screen, causing a decrease in the charge of the capacitive layer. The decrease is measured, and the contacted location coordinates determined. In a surface acoustic wave touch screen, an acoustic wave is transmitted through the screen, and the acoustic wave is disturbed by user contact. A receiving transducer detects the user contact instance and determines the contacted location coordinates.
• The term “display” refers to a portion of one or more screens used to display the output of a computer to a user. A display may be a single-screen display or a multi-screen display, referred to as a composite display. A composite display can encompass the touch sensitive display of one or more screens. A single physical screen can include multiple displays that are managed as separate logical displays. Thus, different content can be displayed on the separate displays although part of the same physical screen.
• The term “displayed image” refers to an image produced on the display. A typical displayed image is a window or desktop. The displayed image may occupy all or a portion of the display.
• The term “display orientation” refers to the way in which a rectangular display is oriented by a user for viewing. The two most common types of display orientation are portrait and landscape. In landscape mode, the display is oriented such that the width of the display is greater than the height of the display (such as a 4:3 ratio, which is 4 units wide and 3 units tall, or a 16:9 ratio, which is 16 units wide and 9 units tall). Stated differently, the longer dimension of the display is oriented substantially horizontal in landscape mode while the shorter dimension of the display is oriented substantially vertical. In the portrait mode, by contrast, the display is oriented such that the width of the display is less than the height of the display. Stated differently, the shorter dimension of the display is oriented substantially horizontal in the portrait mode while the longer dimension of the display is oriented substantially vertical.
• The term “composited display” refers to a logical structure that defines a display that can encompass one or more screens. A multi-screen display can be associated with a composite display that encompasses all the screens. The composite display can have different display characteristics based on the various orientations of the device.
• The term “gesture” refers to a user action that expresses an intended idea, action, meaning, result, and/or outcome. The user action can include manipulating a device (e.g., opening or closing a device, changing a device orientation, moving a trackball or wheel, etc.), movement of a body part in relation to the device, movement of an implement or tool in relation to the device, audio inputs, etc. A gesture may be made on a device (such as on the screen) or with the device to interact with the device.
• The term “module” as used herein refers to any known or later developed hardware, software, firmware, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, or combination of hardware and software that is capable of performing the functionality associated with that element.
• The term “gesture capture” refers to a sense or otherwise a detection of an instance and/or type of user gesture. The gesture capture can occur in one or more areas of the screen, A gesture region can be on the display, where it may be referred to as a touch sensitive display or off the display where it may be referred to as a gesture capture area.
• A “multi-screen application” refers to an application that is capable of multiple modes. The multi-screen application mode can include, but is not limited to, a single screen mode (where the application is displayed on a single screen) or a composite display mode (where the application is displayed on two or more screens). A multi-screen application can have different layouts optimized for the mode. Thus, the multi-screen application can have different layouts for a single screen or for a composite display that can encompass two or more screens. The different layouts may have different screen/display dimensions and/or configurations on which the user interfaces of the multi-screen applications can be rendered. The different layouts allow the application to optimize the application's user interface for the type of display, e.g., single screen or multiple screens. In single screen mode, the multi-screen application may present one window pane of information. In a composite display mode, the multi-screen application may present multiple window panes of information or may provide a larger and a richer presentation because there is more space for the display contents. The multi-screen applications may be designed to adapt dynamically to changes in the device and the mode depending on which display (single or composite) the system assigns to the multi-screen application. In alternative embodiments, the user can use a gesture to request the application transition to a different mode, and, if a display is available for the requested mode, the device can allow the application to move to that display and transition modes.
• A “single-screen application” refers to an application that is capable of single screen mode. Thus, the single-screen application can produce only one window and may not be capable of different modes or different display dimensions. A single-screen application is incapable of the several modes discussed with the multi-screen application.
• The term “window” refers to a, typically rectangular, displayed image on at least part of a display that contains or provides content different from the rest of the screen. The window may obscure the desktop.
• The terms “determine”, “calculate” and “compute,” and variations thereof, as used herein, are used interchangeably and include any type of methodology, process, mathematical operation or technique.
• It shall be understood that the term “means” as used herein shall be given its broadest possible interpretation in accordance with 35 U.S.C.,Section 112,Paragraph 6. Accordingly, a claim incorporating the term “means” shall cover all structures, materials, or acts set forth herein, and all of the equivalents thereof. Further, the structures, materials or acts and the equivalents thereof shall include all those described in the summary of the invention, brief description of the drawings, detailed description, abstract, and claims themselves.
• The preceding is a simplified summary of the disclosure to provide an understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. This summary is neither an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the disclosure and its various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations. It is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of the disclosure but to present selected concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be appreciated, other aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations of the disclosure are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1A includes a first view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1B includes a second view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1C includes a third view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1D includes a fourth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1E includes a fifth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1F includes a sixth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1G includes a seventh view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1H includes a eighth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1I includes a ninth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 1J includes a tenth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen user device;
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the hardware of the device;
• FIG. 3A is a block diagram of an embodiment of the state model for the device based on the device's orientation and/or configuration;
• FIG. 3B is a table of an embodiment of the state model for the device based on the device's orientation and/or configuration;
• FIG. 4A is a first representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device;
• FIG. 4B is a second representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device;
• FIG. 4C is a third representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device;
• FIG. 4D is a fourth representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device;
• FIG. 4E is a fifth representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device;
• FIG. 4F is a sixth representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device;
• FIG. 4G is a seventh representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device;
• FIG. 4H is a eighth representation of an embodiment of user gesture received at a device;
• FIG. 5A is a block diagram of an embodiment of the device software and/or firmware;
• FIG. 5B is a second block diagram of an embodiment of the device software and/or firmware;
• FIG. 6A is a first representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6B is a second representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6C is a third representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6D is a fourth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6E is a fifth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6F is a sixth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6G is a seventh representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6H is a eighth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6I is a ninth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 6J is a tenth representation of an embodiment of a device configuration generated in response to the device state;
• FIG. 7 is a flow chart according to an embodiment;
• FIG. 8 is a root view of a plurality of windows controlled by a common multi-screen application;
• FIG. 9A is representation of a logical window stack;
• FIG. 9B is another representation of an embodiment of a logical window stack;
• FIG. 9C is another representation of an embodiment of a logical window stack;
• FIG. 9D is another representation of an embodiment of a logical window stack;
• FIG. 9E is another representation of an embodiment of a logical window stack;
• FIG. 10 is block diagram of an embodiment of a logical data structure for a window stack;
• FIG. 11 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for creating a window stack;
• FIG. 12 depicts a window stacking configuration according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 13A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 14A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 15A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 16A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 17A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 18A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 19A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 20A-C are a series of landscape display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 21A-C are a series of landscape display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 22A-C are a series of landscape display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 23A-C are a series of landscape display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 24A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 25A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment;
• FIGS. 26A-C are a series of portrait display orientation screen shots according to an embodiment; and
• FIG. 27 is a flow chart according to an embodiment.
• In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a letter that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• Presented herein are embodiments of a device. The device can be a communications device, such as a cellular telephone, or other smart device. The device can include two screens that are oriented to provide several unique display configurations. Further, the device can receive user input in unique ways. The overall design and functionality of the device provides for an enhanced user experience making the device more useful and more efficient.
• Mechanical Features:
• FIGS. 1A-1J illustrate adevice100 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. As described in greater detail below,device100 can be positioned in a number of different ways each of which provides different functionality to a user. Thedevice100 is a multi-screen device that includes aprimary screen104 and asecondary screen108, both of which are touch sensitive. In embodiments, the entire front surface ofscreens104 and108 may be touch sensitive and capable of receiving input by a user touching the front surface of thescreens104 and108.Primary screen104 includes touchsensitive display110, which, in addition to being touch sensitive, also displays information to a user.Secondary screen108 includes touchsensitive display114, which also displays information to a user. In other embodiments,screens104 and108 may include more than one display area.
• Primary screen104 also includes aconfigurable area112 that has been configured for specific inputs when the user touches portions of theconfigurable area112.Secondary screen108 also includes aconfigurable area116 that has been configured for specific inputs.Areas112aand116ahave been configured to receive a “back” input indicating that a user would like to view information previously displayed.Areas112band116bhave been configured to receive a “menu” input indicating that the user would like to view options from a menu.Areas112cand116chave been configured to receive a “home” input indicating that the user would like to view information associated with a “home” view. In other embodiments,areas112a-cand116a-cmay be configured, in addition to the configurations described above, for other types of specific inputs including controlling features ofdevice100, some non-limiting examples including adjusting overall system power, adjusting the volume, adjusting the brightness, adjusting the vibration, selecting of displayed items (on either ofscreen104 or108), operating a camera, operating a microphone, and initiating/terminating of telephone calls. Also, in some embodiments,areas112a-C and116a-C may be configured for specific inputs depending upon the application running ondevice100 and/or information displayed on touchsensitive displays110 and/or114.
• In addition to touch sensing,primary screen104 andsecondary screen108 may also include areas that receive input from a user without requiring the user to touch the display area of the screen. For example,primary screen104 includesgesture capture area120, andsecondary screen108 includesgesture capture area124. These areas are able to receive input by recognizing gestures made by a user without the need for the user to actually touch the surface of the display area. In comparison to touchsensitive displays110 and114, thegesture capture areas120 and124 are commonly not capable of rendering a displayed image.
• The twoscreens104 and108 are connected together with ahinge128, shown clearly inFIG. 1C (illustrating a back view of device100).Hinge128, in the embodiment shown inFIGS. 1A-1J, is a center hinge that connectsscreens104 and108 so that when the hinge is closed,screens104 and108 are juxtaposed (i.e., side-by-side) as shown inFIG. 1B (illustrating a front view of device100). Hinge128 can be opened to position the twoscreens104 and108 in different relative positions to each other. As described in greater detail below, thedevice100 may have different functionalities depending on the relative positions ofscreens104 and108.
• FIG. 1D illustrates the right side ofdevice100. As shown inFIG. 1D,secondary screen108 also includes acard slot132 and aport136 on its side.Card slot132 in embodiments, accommodates different types of cards including a subscriber identity module (SIM).Port136 in embodiments is an input/output port (I/O port) that allowsdevice100 to be connected to other peripheral devices, such as a display, keyboard, or printing device. As can be appreciated, these are merely some examples and inother embodiments device100 may include other slots and ports such as slots and ports for accommodating additional memory devices and/or for connecting other peripheral devices. Also shown inFIG. 1D is anaudio jack140 that accommodates a tip, ring, sleeve (TRS) connector for example to allow a user to utilize headphones or a headset.
• Device100 also includes a number ofbuttons158. For example,FIG. 1E illustrates the left side ofdevice100. As shown inFIG. 1E, the side ofprimary screen104 includes threebuttons144,148, and152, which can be configured for specific inputs. For example,buttons144,148, and152 may be configured to, in combination or alone, control a number of aspects ofdevice100. Some non-limiting examples include overall system power, volume, brightness, vibration, selection of displayed items (on either ofscreen104 or108), a camera, a microphone, and initiation/termination of telephone calls. In some embodiments, instead of separate buttons two buttons may be combined into a rocker button. This arrangement is useful in situations where the buttons are configured to control features such as volume or brightness. In addition tobuttons144,148, and152,device100 also includes abutton156, shown inFIG. 1F, which illustrates the top ofdevice100. In one embodiment,button156 is configured as an on/off button used to control overall system power todevice100. In other embodiments,button156 is configured to, in addition to or in lieu of controlling system power, control other aspects ofdevice100. In some embodiments, one or more of thebuttons144,148,152, and156 are capable of supporting different user commands. By way of example, a normal press has a duration commonly of less than about 1 second and resembles a quick tap. A medium press has a duration commonly of 1 second or more but less than about 12 seconds. A long press has a duration commonly of about 12 seconds or more. The function of the buttons is normally specific to the application that is currently in focus on therespective display110 and114. In a telephone application for instance and depending on the particular button, a normal, medium, or long press can mean end call, increase in call volume, decrease in call volume, and toggle microphone mute. In a camera or video application for instance and depending on the particular button, a normal, medium, or long press can mean increase zoom, decrease zoom, and take photograph or record video.
• There are also a number of hardware components withindevice100. As illustrated inFIG. 1C,device100 includes aspeaker160 and amicrophone164.Device100 also includes a camera168 (FIG. 1B). Additionally,device100 includes two position sensors172A and172B, which are used to determine the relative positions ofscreens104 and108. In one embodiment, position sensors172A and172B are Hall effect sensors. However, in other embodiments other sensors can be used in addition to or in lieu of the Hall effect sensors. Anaccelerometer176 may also be included as part ofdevice100 to determine the orientation of thedevice100 and/or the orientation ofscreens104 and108. Additional internal hardware components that may be included indevice100 are described below with respect toFIG. 2.
• The overall design ofdevice100 allows it to provide additional functionality not available in other communication devices. Some of the functionality is based on the various positions and orientations thatdevice100 can have. As shown inFIGS. 1B-1G,device100 can be operated in an “open” position where screens104 and108 are juxtaposed. This position allows a large display area for displaying information to a user. When position sensors172A and172B determine thatdevice100 is in the open position, they can generate a signal that can be used to trigger different events such as displaying information on bothscreens104 and108. Additional events may be triggered ifaccelerometer176 determines thatdevice100 is in a portrait position (FIG. 1B) as opposed to a landscape position (not shown).
• In addition to the open position,device100 may also have a “closed” position illustrated inFIG. 1H. Again, position sensors172A and172B can generate a signal indicating thatdevice100 is in the “closed” position. This can trigger an event that results in a change of displayed information onscreen104 and/or108. For example,device100 may be programmed to stop displaying information on one of the screens, e.g.,screen108, since a user can only view one screen at a time whendevice100 is in the “closed” position. In other embodiments, the signal generated by position sensors172A and172B, indicating that thedevice100 is in the “closed” position, can triggerdevice100 to answer an incoming telephone call. The “closed” position can also be a preferred position for utilizing thedevice100 as a mobile phone.
• Device100 can also be used in an “easel” position which is illustrated inFIG. 11. In the “easel” position, screens104 and108 are angled with respect to each other and facing outward with the edges ofscreens104 and108 substantially horizontal. In this position,device100 can be configured to display information on bothscreens104 and108 to allow two users to simultaneously interact withdevice100. Whendevice100 is in the “easel” position, sensors172A and172B generate a signal indicating that thescreens104 and108 are positioned at an angle to each other, and theaccelerometer176 can generate a signal indicating thatdevice100 has been placed so that the edge ofscreens104 and108 are substantially horizontal. The signals can then be used in combination to generate events that trigger changes in the display of information onscreens104 and108.
• FIG. 1J illustratesdevice100 in a “modified easel” position. In the “modified easel” position, one ofscreens104 or108 is used as a stand and is faced down on the surface of an object such as a table. This position provides a convenient way for information to be displayed to a user in landscape orientation. Similar to the easel position, whendevice100 is in the “modified easel” position, position sensors172A and172B generate a signal indicating that thescreens104 and108 are positioned at an angle to each other. Theaccelerometer176 would generate a signal indicating thatdevice100 has been positioned so that one ofscreens104 and108 is faced downwardly and is substantially horizontal. The signals can then be used to generate events that trigger changes in the display of information ofscreens104 and108. For example, information may not be displayed on the screen that is face down since a user cannot see the screen.
• Transitional states are also possible. When the position sensors172A and B and/or accelerometer indicate that the screens are being closed or folded (from open), a closing transitional state is recognized. Conversely when the position sensors172A and B indicate that the screens are being opened or folded (from closed), an opening transitional state is recognized. The closing and opening transitional states are typically time-based, or have a maximum time duration from a sensed starting point. Normally, no user input is possible when one of the closing and opening states is in effect. In this manner, incidental user contact with a screen during the closing or opening function is not misinterpreted as user input. In embodiments, another transitional state is possible when thedevice100 is closed. This additional transitional state allows the display to switch from onescreen104 to thesecond screen108 when thedevice100 is closed based on some user input, e.g., a double tap on thescreen110,114.
• As can be appreciated, the description ofdevice100 is made for illustrative purposes only, and the embodiments are not limited to the specific mechanical features shown inFIGS. 1A-1J and described above. In other embodiments,device100 may include additional features, including one or more additional buttons, slots, display areas, hinges, and/or locking mechanisms. Additionally, in embodiments, the features described above may be located in different parts ofdevice100 and still provide similar functionality. Therefore,FIGS. 1A-1J and the description provided above are nonlimiting.
• Hardware Features:
• FIG. 2 illustrates components of adevice100 in accordance with'embodiments of the present disclosure. In general, thedevice100 includes aprimary screen104 and asecondary screen108. While theprimary screen104 and its components are normally enabled in both the opened and closed positions or states, thesecondary screen108 and its components are normally enabled in the opened state but disabled in the closed state. However, even when in the closed state a user or application triggered interrupt (such as in response to a phone application or camera application operation) can flip the active screen, or disable theprimary screen104 and enable thesecondary screen108, by a suitable command. Eachscreen104,108 can be touch sensitive and can include different operative areas. For example, a first operative area, within each touchsensitive screen104 and108, may comprise a touchsensitive display110,114. In general, the touchsensitive display110,114 may comprise a full color, touch sensitive display. A second area within each touchsensitive screen104 and108 may comprise agesture capture region120,124. Thegesture capture region120,124 may comprise an area or region that is outside of the touchsensitive display110,114 area, and that is capable of receiving input, for example in the form of gestures provided by a user. However, thegesture capture region120,124 does not include pixels that can perform a display function or capability.
• A third region of the touchsensitive screens104 and108 may comprise aconfigurable area112,116. Theconfigurable area112,116 is capable of receiving input and has display or limited display capabilities. In embodiments, theconfigurable area112,116 may present different input options to the user. For example, theconfigurable area112,116 may display buttons or other relatable items. Moreover, the identity of displayed buttons, or whether any buttons are displayed at all within theconfigurable area112,116 of a touchsensitive screen104 or108, may be determined from the context in which thedevice100 is used and/or operated. In an exemplary embodiment, the touchsensitive screens104 and108 comprise liquid crystal display devices extending across at least those regions of the touchsensitive screens104 and108 that are capable of providing visual output to a user, and a capacitive input matrix over those regions of the touchsensitive screens104 and108 that are capable of receiving input from the user.
• One ormore display controllers216a,216bmay be provided for controlling the operation of the touchsensitive screens104 and108, including input (touch sensing) and output (display) functions. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated inFIG. 2, a separatetouch screen controller216aor216bis provided for eachtouch screen104 and108. In accordance with alternate embodiments, a common or shared touch screen controller216 may be used to control each of the included touchsensitive screens104 and108. In accordance with still other embodiments, the functions of a touch screen controller216 may be incorporated into other components, such as aprocessor204.
• Theprocessor204 may comprise a general purpose programmable processor or controller for executing application programming or instructions. In accordance with at least some embodiments, theprocessor204 may include multiple processor cores, and/or implement multiple virtual processors. In accordance with still other embodiments, theprocessor204 may include multiple physical processors. As a particular example, theprocessor204 may comprise a specially configured application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other integrated circuit, a digital signal processor, a controller, a hardwired electronic or logic circuit, a programmable logic device or gate array, a special purpose computer, or the like. Theprocessor204 generally functions to run programming code or instructions implementing various functions of thedevice100.
• Acommunication device100 may also includememory208 for use in connection with the execution of application programming or instructions by theprocessor204, and for the temporary or long term storage of program instructions and/or data. As examples, thememory208 may comprise RAM, DRAM, SDRAM, or other solid state memory. Alternatively or in addition,data storage212 may be provided. Like thememory208, thedata storage212 may comprise a solid state memory device or devices. Alternatively or in addition, thedata storage212 may comprise a hard disk drive or other random access memory.
• In support of communications functions or capabilities, thedevice100 can include acellular telephony module228. As examples, thecellular telephony module228 can comprise a GSM, CDMA, FDMA and/or analog cellular telephony transceiver capable of supporting voice, multimedia and/or data transfers over a cellular network. Alternatively or in addition, thedevice100 can include an additional or otherwireless communications module232. As examples, the otherwireless communications module232 can comprise a Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH™, WiMax, infrared, or other wireless communications link. Thecellular telephony module228 and the otherwireless communications module232 can each be associated with a shared or adedicated antenna224.
• Aport interface252 may be included. Theport interface252 may include proprietary or universal ports to support the interconnection of thedevice100 to other devices or components, such as a dock, which may or may not include additional or different capabilities from those integral to thedevice100. In addition to supporting an exchange of communication signals between thedevice100 and another device or component, thedocking port136 and/orport interface252 can support the supply of power to or from thedevice100. Theport interface252 also comprises an intelligent element that comprises a docking module for controlling communications or other interactions between thedevice100 and a connected device or component.
• An input/output module248 and associated ports may be included to support communications over wired networks or links, for example with other communication devices, server devices, and/or peripheral devices. Examples of an input/output module248 include an Ethernet port, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394, or other interface.
• An audio input/output interface/device(s)244 can be included to provide analog audio to an interconnected speaker or other device, and to receive analog audio input from a connected microphone or other device. As an example, the audio input/output interface/device(s)244 may comprise an associated amplifier and analog to digital converter. Alternatively or in addition, thedevice100 can include an integrated audio input/output device256 and/or an audio jack for interconnecting an external speaker or microphone. For example, an integrated speaker and an integrated microphone can be provided, to support near talk or speaker phone operations.
• Hardware buttons158 can be included for example for use in connection with certain control operations. Examples include a master power switch, volume control, etc., as described in conjunction withFIGS. 1A through 1J. One or more image capture interfaces/devices240, such as a camera, can be included for capturing still and/or video images. Alternatively or in addition, an image capture interface/device240 can include a scanner or code reader. An image capture interface/device240 can include or be associated with additional elements, such as a flash or other light source.
• Thedevice100 can also include a global positioning system (GPS)receiver236. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, theGPS receiver236 may further comprise a GPS module that is capable of providing absolute location information to other components of thedevice100. An accelerometer(s)176 may also be included. For example, in connection with the display of information to a user and/or other functions, a signal from theaccelerometer176 can be used to determine an orientation and/or format in which to display that information to the user.
• Embodiments of the present invention can also include one or more position sensor(s)172. Theposition sensor172 can provide a signal indicating the position of the touchsensitive screens104 and108 relative to one another. This information can be provided as an input, for example to a user interface application, to determine an operating mode, characteristics of the touchsensitive displays110,114, and/orother device100 operations. As examples, ascreen position sensor172, can comprise a series of Hall effect sensors, a multiple position switch, an optical switch, a Wheatstone bridge, a potentiometer, or other arrangement capable of providing a signal indicating of multiple relative positions the touch screens are in.
• Communications between various components of thedevice100 can be carried by one or more buses222. In addition, power can be supplied to the components of thedevice100 from a power source and/orpower control module260. Thepower control module260 can, for example, include a battery, an AC to DC converter, power control logic, and/or ports for interconnecting thedevice100 to an external source of power.
• Device State:
• FIGS. 3A and 3B represent illustrative states ofdevice100. While a number of illustrative states are shown, and transitions from a first state to a second state, it is to be appreciated that the illustrative state diagram may not encompass all possible states and/or all possible transitions from a first state to a second state. As illustrated inFIG. 3, the various arrows between the states (illustrated by the state represented in the circle) represent a physical change that occurs to thedevice100, that is detected by one or more of hardware and software, the detection triggering one or more of a hardware and/or software interrupt that is used to control and/or manage one or more functions ofdevice100.
• As illustrated inFIG. 3A, there are twelve exemplary “physical” states: closed304, transition308 (or opening transitional state),easel312, modifiedeasel316, open320, inbound/outbound call orcommunication324, image/video capture328, transition332 (or closing transitional state),landscape340, docked336, docked344 andlandscape348. Next to each illustrative state is a representation of the physical state of thedevice100 with the exception ofstates324 and328, where the state is generally symbolized by the international icon for a telephone and the icon for a camera, respectfully.
• Instate304, the device is in a closed state with thedevice100 generally oriented in the portrait direction with theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 back-to-back in different planes (seeFIG. 1H). From the closed state, thedevice100 can enter, for example, dockedstate336, where thedevice100 is coupled with a docking station, docking cable, or in general docked or associated with one or more other devices or peripherals, or thelandscape state340, where thedevice100 is generally oriented with theprimary screen104 facing the user, and theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 being back-to-back.
• In the closed state, the device can also move to a transitional state where the device remains closed but the display is moved from onescreen104 to anotherscreen108 based on a user input, e.g., a double tap on thescreen110,114. Still another embodiment includes a bilateral state. In the bilateral state, the device remains closed, but a single application displays at least one window on both thefirst display110 and thesecond display114. The windows shown on the first andsecond display110,114 may be the same or different based on the application and the state of that application. For example, while acquiring an image with a camera, the device may display the view finder on thefirst display110 and displays a preview for the photo subjects (full screen and mirrored left-to-right) on thesecond display114.
• Instate308, a transition state from theclosed state304 to the semi-open state oreasel state312, thedevice100 is shown opening with theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 being rotated around a point of axis coincidence with the hinge. Upon entering theeasel state312, theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 are separated from one another such that, for example, thedevice100 can sit in an easel-like configuration on a surface.
• Instate316, known as the modified easel position, thedevice100 has theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 in a similar relative relationship to one another as in theeasel state312, with the difference being one of theprimary screen104 or thesecondary screen108 are placed on a surface as shown.
• State320 is the open state where theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 are generally on the same plane. From the open state, thedevice100 can transition to the dockedstate344 or theopen landscape state348. In theopen state320, theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 are generally in the portrait-like orientation while in landscapedstate348 theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 are generally in a landscape-like orientation.
• State324 is illustrative of a communication state, such as when an inbound or outbound call is being received or placed, respectively, by thedevice100. While not illustrated for clarity, it should be appreciated thedevice100 can transition to the inbound/outbound call state324 from any state illustrated inFIG. 3. In a similar manner, the image/video capture state328 can be entered into from any other state inFIG. 3, with the image/video capture state328 allowing thedevice100 to take one or more images via a camera and/or videos with avideo capture device240.
• Transition state322 illustratively showsprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108 being closed upon one another for entry into, for example, theclosed state304.
• FIG. 3B illustrates, with reference to the key, the inputs that are received to detect a transition from a first state to a second state. InFIG. 3B, various combinations of states are shown with in general, a portion of the columns being directed toward aportrait state352, alandscape state356, and a portion of the rows being directed toportrait state360 andlandscape state364.
• InFIG. 3B, the Key indicates that “H” represents an input from one or more Hall Effect sensors, “A” represents an input from one or more accelerometers, “T” represents an input from a timer, “P” represents a communications trigger input and “I” represents an image and/or video capture request input. Thus, in the center portion376 of the chart, an input, or combination of inputs, are shown that represent how thedevice100 detects a transition from a first physical state to a second physical state.
• As discussed, in the center portion of the chart376, the inputs that are received enable the detection of a transition from, for example, a portrait open state to a landscape easel state—shown in bold—“HAT.” For this exemplary transition from the portrait open to the landscape easel state, a Hall Effect sensor (“H”), an accelerometer (“A”) and a timer (“T”) input may be needed. The timer input can be derived from, for example, a clock associated with the processor.
• In addition to the portrait and landscape states, a dockedstate368 is also shown that is triggered based on the receipt of a docking signal372. As discussed above and in relation toFIG. 3, the docking signal can be triggered by the association of thedevice100 with one or more other device100s, accessories, peripherals, smart docks, or the like.
• User Interaction:
• FIGS. 4A through 4H depict various graphical representations of gesture inputs that may be recognized by thescreens104,108. The gestures may be performed not only by a user's body part, such as a digit, but also by other devices, such as a stylus, that may be sensed by the contact sensing portion(s) of ascreen104,108. In general, gestures are interpreted differently, based on where the gestures are performed (either directly on thedisplay110,114 or in thegesture capture region120,124). For example, gestures in thedisplay110,114 may be directed to a desktop or application, and gestures in thegesture capture region120,124 may be interpreted as for the system.
• With reference toFIGS. 4A-4H, a first type of gesture, atouch gesture420, is substantially stationary on thescreen104,108 for a selected length of time. A circle428 represents a touch or other contact type received at particular location of a contact sensing portion of the screen. The circle428 may include aborder432, the thickness of which indicates a length of time that the contact is held substantially stationary at the contact location. For instance, a tap420 (or short press) has athinner border432athan theborder432bfor a long press424 (or for a normal press). Thelong press424 may involve a contact that remains substantially stationary on the screen for longer time period than that of atap420. As will be appreciated, differently defined gestures may be registered depending upon the length of time that the touch remains stationary prior to contact cessation or movement on the screen.
• With reference toFIG. 4C, adrag gesture400 on thescreen104,108 is an initial contact (represented by circle428) withcontact movement436 in a selected direction. The initial contact428 may remain stationary on thescreen104,108 for a certain amount of time represented by theborder432. The drag gesture typically requires the user to contact an icon, window, or other displayed image at a first location followed by movement of the contact in a drag direction to a new second location desired for the selected displayed image. The contact movement need not be in a straight line but have any path of movement so long as the contact is substantially continuous from the first to the second locations.
• With reference toFIG. 4D, aflick gesture404 on thescreen104,108 is an initial contact (represented by circle428) with truncated contact movement436 (relative to a drag gesture) in a selected direction. In embodiments, a flick has a higher exit velocity for the last movement in the gesture compared to the drag gesture. The flick gesture can, for instance, be a finger snap following initial contact. Compared to a drag gesture, a flick gesture generally does not require continual contact with thescreen104,108 from the first location of a displayed image to a predetermined second location. The contacted displayed image is moved by the flick gesture in the direction of the flick gesture to the predetermined second location. Although both gestures commonly can move a displayed image from a first location to a second location, the temporal duration and distance of travel of the contact on the screen is generally less for a flick than for a drag gesture.
• With reference toFIG. 4E, apinch gesture408 on thescreen104,108 is depicted. Thepinch gesture408 may be initiated by a first contact428 to thescreen104,108 by, for example, a first digit and asecond contact428bto thescreen104,108 by, for example, a second digit. The first andsecond contacts428a,bmay be detected by a common contact sensing portion of acommon screen104,108, by different contact sensing portions of acommon screen104 or108, or by different contact sensing portions of different screens. Thefirst contact428ais held for a first amount of time, as represented by theborder432a, and thesecond contact428bis held for a second amount of time, as represented by theborder432b. The first and second amounts of time are generally substantially the same, and the first andsecond contacts428a, bgenerally occur substantially simultaneously. The first andsecond contacts428a, bgenerally also include corresponding first andsecond contact movements436a, b, respectively. The first andsecond contact movements436a, bare generally in opposing directions. Stated another way, thefirst contact movement436ais towards thesecond contact436b, and thesecond contact movement436bis towards thefirst contact436a. More simply stated, thepinch gesture408 may be accomplished by a user's digits touching thescreen104,108 in a pinching motion.
• With reference toFIG. 4F, aspread gesture410 on thescreen104,108 is depicted. Thespread gesture410 may be initiated by afirst contact428ato thescreen104,108 by, for example, a first digit and asecond contact428bto thescreen104,108 by, for example, a second digit. The first andsecond contacts428a,bmay be detected by a common contact sensing portion of acommon screen104,108, by different contact sensing portions of acommon screen104,108, or by different contact sensing portions of different screens. Thefirst contact428ais held for a first amount of time, as represented by theborder432a, and thesecond contact428bis held for a second amount of time, as represented by theborder432b. The first and second amounts of time are generally substantially the same, and the first andsecond contacts428a, bgenerally occur substantially simultaneously. The first andsecond contacts428a, bgenerally also include corresponding first andsecond contact movements436a, b, respectively. The first andsecond contact movements436a, bare generally in a common direction. Stated another way, the first andsecond contact movements436a, bare away from the first andsecond contacts428a, b. More simply stated, thespread gesture410 may be accomplished by a user's digits touching thescreen104,108 in a spreading motion.
• The above gestures may be combined in any manner, such as those shown byFIGS. 4G and 4H, to produce a determined functional result. For example, inFIG. 4G atap gesture420 is combined with a drag or flick gesture412 in a direction away from thetap gesture420. In FIG.4H, atap gesture420 is combined with a drag or flick gesture412 in a direction towards thetap gesture420.
• The functional result of receiving a gesture can vary depending on a number of factors, including a state of thedevice100,display110,114, orscreen104,108, a context associated with the gesture, or sensed location of the gesture. The state of the device commonly refers to one or more of a configuration of thedevice100, a display orientation, and user and other inputs received by thedevice100. Context commonly refers to one or more of the particular application(s) selected by the gesture and the portion(s) of the application currently executing, whether the application is a single- or multi-screen application, and whether the application is a multi-screen application displaying one or more windows in one or more screens or in one or more stacks. Sensed location of the gesture commonly refers to whether the sensed set(s) of gesture location coordinates are on a touchsensitive display110,114 or agesture capture region120,124, whether the sensed set(s) of gesture location coordinates are associated with a common or different display orscreen104,108, and/or what portion of the gesture capture region contains the sensed set(s) of gesture location coordinates.
• A tap, when received by an a touchsensitive display110,114, can be used, for instance, to select an icon to initiate or terminate execution of a corresponding application, to maximize or minimize a window, to reorder windows in a stack, and to provide user input such as by keyboard display or other displayed image. A drag, when received by a touchsensitive display110,114, can be used, for instance, to relocate an icon or window to a desired location within a display, to reorder a stack on a display, or to span both displays (such that the selected window occupies a portion of each display simultaneously). A flick, when received by a touchsensitive display110,114 or agesture capture region120,124, can be used to relocate a window from a first display to a second display or to span both displays (such that the selected window occupies a portion of each display simultaneously). Unlike the drag gesture, however, the flick gesture is generally not used to move the displayed image to a specific user-selected location but to a default location that is not configurable by the user.
• The pinch gesture, when received by a touchsensitive display110,114 or agesture capture region120,124, can be used to minimize or otherwise increase the displayed area or size of a window (typically when received entirely by a common display), to switch windows displayed at the top of the stack on each display to the top of the stack of the other display (typically when received by different displays or screens), or to display an application manager (a “pop-up window” that displays the windows in the stack). The spread gesture, when received by a touchsensitive display110,114 or agesture capture region120,124, can be used to maximize or otherwise decrease the displayed area or size of a window, to switch windows displayed at the top of the stack on each display to the top of the stack of the other display (typically when received by different displays or screens), or to display an application manager (typically when received by an off-screen gesture capture region on the same or different screens).
• The combined gestures ofFIG. 4G, when received by a common display capture region in a common display orscreen104,108, can be used to hold a first window stack location in a first stack constant for a display receiving the gesture while reordering a second window stack location in a second window stack to include a window in the display receiving the gesture. The combined gestures ofFIG. 4H, when received by different display capture regions in a common display orscreen104,108 or in different displays or screens, can be used to hold a first window stack location in a first window stack constant for a display receiving the tap part of the gesture while reordering a second window stack location in a second window stack to include a window in the display receiving the flick or drag gesture. Although specific gestures and gesture capture regions in the preceding examples have been associated with corresponding sets of functional results, it is to be appreciated that these associations can be redefined in any manner to produce differing associations between gestures and/or gesture capture regions and/or functional results.
• Firmware and Software:
• Thememory508 may store and theprocessor504 may execute one or more software components. These components can include at least one operating system (OS)516, an application manager562, adesktop566, and/or one ormore applications564aand/or564bfrom anapplication store560. TheOS516 can include aframework520, one ormore frame buffers548, one or more drivers512, previously described in conjunction withFIG. 2, and/or akernel518. TheOS516 can be any software, consisting of programs and data, which manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for the execution of various applications564. TheOS516 can be any operating system and, at least in some embodiments, dedicated to mobile devices, including, but not limited to, Linux, ANDROID™, iPhone OS (IOS™),WINDOWS PHONE 7™, etc. TheOS516 is operable to provide functionality to the phone by executing one or more operations, as described herein.
• The applications564 can be any higher level software that executes particular functionality for the user. Applications564 can include programs such as email clients, web browsers, texting applications, games, media players, office suites, etc. The applications564 can be stored in anapplication store560, which may represent any memory or data storage, and the management software associated therewith, for storing the applications564. Once executed, the applications564 may be run in a different area ofmemory508.
• Theframework520 may be any software or data that allows the multiple tasks running on the device to interact. In embodiments, at least portions of theframework520 and the discrete components described hereinafter may be considered part of theOS516 or an application564. However, these portions will be described as part of theframework520, but those components are not so limited. Theframework520 can include, but is not limited to, a Multi-Display Management (MDM)module524, aSurface Cache module528, aWindow Management module532, anInput Management module536, aTask Management module540, anApplication Model Manager542, a Display Controller, one ormore frame buffers548, atask stack552, one or more window stacks550 (which is a logical arrangement of windows and/or desktops in a display area), and/or anevent buffer556.
• TheMDM module524 includes one or more modules that are operable to manage the display of applications or other data on the screens of the device. An embodiment of theMDM module524 is described in conjunction withFIG. 5B. In embodiments, theMDM module524 receives inputs from theother OS516 components, such as, the drivers512, and from the applications564 to determine continually the state of thedevice100. The inputs assist theMDM module524 in determining how to configure and allocate the displays according to the application's preferences and requirements, and the user's actions. Once a determination for display configurations is made, theMDM module524 can bind the applications564 to a display. The configuration may then be provided to one or more other components to generate a window with a display.
• TheSurface Cache module528 includes any memory or storage and the software associated therewith to store or cache one or more images of windows. A series of active and/or non-active windows (or other display objects, such as, a desktop display) can be associated with each display. An active window (or other display object) is currently displayed. A non-active windows (or other display objects) were opened and, at some time, displayed but are now not displayed. To enhance the user experience, before a window transitions from an active state to an inactive state, a “screen shot” of a last generated image of the window (or other display object) can be stored. TheSurface Cache module528 may be operable to store a bitmap of the last active image of a window (or other display object) not currently displayed. Thus, theSurface Cache module528 stores the images of non-active windows (or other display objects) in a data store.
• In embodiments, theWindow Management module532 is operable to manage the windows (or other display objects) that are active or not active on each of the displays. TheWindow Management module532, based on information from theMDM module524, theOS516, or other components, determines when a window (or other display object) is visible or not active. TheWindow Management module532 may then put a non-visible window (or other display object) in a “not active state” and, in conjunction with the Task Managementmodule Task Management540 suspends the application's operation. Further, theWindow Management module532 may assign, through collaborative interaction with theMDM module524, a display identifier to the window (or other display object) or manage one or more other items of data associated with the window (or other display object). TheWindow Management module532 may also provide the stored information to the application564, theTask Management module540, or other components interacting with or associated with the window (or other display object). TheWindow Management module532 can also associate an input task with a window based on window focus and display coordinates within the motion space.
• TheInput Management module536 is operable to manage events that occur with the device. An event is any input into the window environment, for example, a user interface interactions with a user. TheInput Management module536 receives the events and logically stores the events in anevent buffer556. Events can include such user interface interactions as a “down event,” which occurs when ascreen104,108 receives a touch signal from a user, a “move event,” which occurs when thescreen104,108 determines that a user's finger is moving across a screen(s), an “up event, which occurs when thescreen104,108 determines that the user has stopped touching thescreen104,108, etc. These events are received, stored, and forwarded to other modules by theInput Management module536. TheInput Management module536 may also map screen inputs to a motion space which is the culmination of all physical and virtual display available on the device.
• The motion space is a virtualized space that includes all touchsensitive displays110,114 “tiled” together to mimic the physical dimensions of thedevice100. For example, when thedevice100 is unfolded, the motion space size may be 960×800, which may be the number of pixels in the combined display area for both touchsensitive displays110,114. If a user touches on a first touchsensitive display110 on location (40, 40), a full screen window can receive touch event with location (40, 40). If a user touches on a second touchsensitive display114, with location (40, 40), the full screen window can receive touch event with location (520, 40), because the second touchsensitive display114 is on the right side of the first touchsensitive display110, so thedevice100 can offset the touch by the first touch sensitive display's110 width, which is 480 pixels. When a hardware event occurs with location info from a driver512, theframework520 can up-scale the physical location to the motion space because the location of the event may be different based on the device orientation and state. The motion space may be as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/187,026, filed Jul. 20, 2011, entitled “Systems and Methods for Receiving Gesture Inputs Spanning Multiple Input Devices,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all that it teaches and for all purposes.
• A task can be an application and a sub-task can be an application component that provides a window with which users can interact to do something, such as dial the phone, take a photo, send an email, or view a map. Each task may be given a window in which to draw a user interface. The window typically fills a display (for example, touchsensitive display110,114), but may be smaller than thedisplay110,114 and float on top of other windows. An application usually consists of multiple sub-tasks that are loosely bound to each other. Typically, one task in an application is specified as the “main” task, which is presented to the user when launching the application for the first time. Each task can then start another task or sub-task to perform different actions.
• TheTask Management module540 is operable to manage the operation of one or more applications564 that may be executed by the device. Thus, theTask Management module540 can receive signals to launch, suspend, terminate, etc. an application or application sub-tasks stored in theapplication store560. TheTask Management module540 may then instantiate one or more tasks or sub-tasks of the application564 to begin operation of the application564. Further, theTask Management Module540 may launch, suspend, or terminate a task or sub-task as a result of user input or as a result of a signal from a collaboratingframework520 component. TheTask Management Module540 is responsible for managing the lifecycle of applications (tasks and sub-task) from when the application is launched to when the application is terminated.
• The processing of theTask Management Module540 is facilitated by atask stack552, which is a logical structure associated with theTask Management Module540. Thetask stack552 maintains the state of all tasks and sub-tasks on thedevice100. When some component of theoperating system516 requires a task or sub-task to transition in its lifecycle, theOS516 component can notify theTask Management Module540. TheTask Management Module540 may then locate the task or sub-task, using identification information, in thetask stack552, and send a signal to the task or sub-task indicating what kind of lifecycle transition the task needs to execute. Informing the task or sub-task of the transition allows the task or sub-task to prepare for the lifecycle state transition. TheTask Management Module540 can then execute the state transition for the task or sub-task. In embodiments, the state transition may entail triggering theOS kernel518 to terminate the task when termination is required.
• Further, theTask Management module540 may suspend the application564 based on information from theWindow Management Module532. Suspending the application564 may maintain application data in memory but may limit or stop the application564 from rendering a window or user interface. Once the application becomes active again, theTask Management module540 can again trigger the application to render its user interface. In embodiments, if a task is suspended, the task may save the task's state in case the task is terminated. In the suspended state, the application task may not receive input because the application window is not visible to the user.
• Theframe buffer548 is a logical structure(s) used to render the user interface. Theframe buffer548 can be created and destroyed by theOS kernel518. However, theDisplay Controller544 can write the image data, for the visible windows, into theframe buffer548. Aframe buffer548 can be associated with one screen or multiple screens. The association of aframe buffer548 with a screen can be controlled dynamically by interaction with theOS kernel518. A composite display may be created by associating multiple screens with asingle frame buffer548. Graphical data used to render an application's window user interface may then be written to thesingle frame buffer548, for the composite display, which is output to themultiple screens104,108. TheDisplay Controller544 can direct an application's user interface to a portion of theframe buffer548 that is mapped to aparticular display110,114, thus, displaying the user interface on only onescreen104 or108. TheDisplay Controller544 can extend the control over user interfaces to multiple applications, controlling the user interfaces for as many displays as are associated with aframe buffer548 or a portion thereof. This approach compensates for the multiplephysical screens104,108 that are in use by the software component above theDisplay Controller544.
• The Application Manager562 is an application that provides a presentation layer for the window environment. Thus, the Application Manager562 provides the graphical model for rendering by theTask Management Module540. Likewise, theDesktop566 provides the presentation layer for theApplication Store560. Thus, the desktop provides a graphical model of a surface having selectable application icons for the Applications564 in theApplication Store560 that can be provided to theWindow Management Module556 for rendering.
• Further, the framework can include an Application Model Manager (AMM)542. The Application Manager562 may interface with theAMM542. In embodiments, theAMM542 receives state change information from thedevice100 regarding the state of applications (which are running or suspended). TheAMM542 can associate bit map images from theSurface Cache Module528 to the tasks that are alive (running or suspended). Further, theAMM542 can convert the logical window stack maintained in theTask Manager Module540 to a linear (“film strip” or “deck of cards”) organization that the user perceives when the using the offgesture capture area120 to sort through the windows. Further, theAMM542 may provide a list of executing applications to the Application Manager562.
• An embodiment of theMDM module524 is shown inFIG. 5B. TheMDM module524 is operable to determine the state of the environment for the device, including, but not limited to, the orientation of the device, whether thedevice100 is opened or closed, what applications564 are executing, how the applications564 are to be displayed, what actions the user is conducting, the tasks being displayed, etc. To configure the display, theMDM module524 interprets these environmental factors and determines a display configuration, as described in conjunction withFIGS. 6A-6J. Then, theMDM module524 can bind the applications564 or other device components to the displays. The configuration may then be sent to theDisplay Controller544 and/or the other components within theOS516 to generate the display. TheMDM module524 can include one or more of, but is not limited to, aDisplay Configuration Module568, aPreferences Module572, aDevice State Module574, aGesture Module576, aRequirements Module580, anEvent Module584, and/or a Binding Module588.
• TheDisplay Configuration Module568 determines the layout for the display. In embodiments, theDisplay Configuration Module568 can determine the environmental factors. The environmental factors may be received from one or moreother MDM modules524 or from other sources. TheDisplay Configuration Module568 can then determine from the list of factors the best configuration for the display. Some embodiments of the possible configurations and the factors associated therewith are described in conjunction withFIGS. 6A-6F.
• ThePreferences Module572 is operable to determine display preferences for an application564 or other component. For example, an application can have a preference for Single or Dual displays. ThePreferences Module572 can determine an application's display preference (e.g., by inspecting the application's preference settings) and may allow the application564 to change to a mode (e.g., single screen, dual screen, max, etc.) if thedevice100 is in a state that can accommodate the preferred mode. However, some user interface policies may disallow a mode even if the mode is available. As the configuration of the device changes, the preferences may be reviewed to determine if a better display configuration can be achieved for an application564.
• TheDevice State Module574 is operable to determine or receive the state of the device. The state of the device can be as described in conjunction withFIGS. 3A and 3B. The state of the device can be used by theDisplay Configuration Module568 to determine the configuration for the display. As such, theDevice State Module574 may receive inputs and interpret the state of the device. The state information is then provided to theDisplay Configuration Module568.
• TheGesture Module576 is shown as part of theMDM module524, but, in embodiments, theGesture module576 may be aseparate Framework520 component that is separate from theMDM module524. In embodiments, theGesture Module576 is operable to determine if the user is conducting any actions on any part of the user interface. In alternative embodiments, theGesture Module576 receives user interface actions from theconfigurable area112,116 only. TheGesture Module576 can receive touch events that occur on theconfigurable area112,116 (or possibly other user interface areas) by way of theInput Management Module536 and may interpret the touch events (using direction, speed, distance, duration, and various other parameters) to determine what kind of gesture the user is performing. When a gesture is interpreted, theGesture Module576 can initiate the processing of the gesture and, by collaborating withother Framework520 components, can manage the required window animation. TheGesture Module576 collaborates with theApplication Model Manager542 to collect state information with respect to which applications are running (active or paused) and the order in which applications must appear when a user gesture is performed. TheGesture Module576 may also receive references to bitmaps (from the Surface Cache Module528) and live windows so that when a gesture occurs it can instruct theDisplay Controller544 how to move the window(s) across thedisplay110,114. Thus, suspended applications may appear to be running when those windows are moved across thedisplay110,114.
• Further, theGesture Module576 can receive task information either from the Task ManageModule540 or theInput Management module536. The gestures may be as defined in conjunction withFIGS. 4A through 4H. For example, moving a window causes the display to render a series of display frames that illustrate the window moving. The gesture associated with such user interface interaction can be received and interpreted by theGesture Module576. The information about the user gesture is then sent to theTask Management Module540 to modify the display binding of the task.
• TheRequirements Module580, similar to thePreferences Module572, is operable to determine display requirements for an application564 or other component. An application can have a set display requirement that must be observed. Some applications require a particular display orientation. For example, the application “Angry Birds” can only be displayed in landscape orientation. This type of display requirement can be determined or received, by theRequirements Module580. As the orientation of the device changes, theRequirements Module580 can reassert the display requirements for the application564. TheDisplay Configuration Module568 can generate a display configuration that is in accordance with the application display requirements, as provided by theRequirements Module580.
• TheEvent Module584, similar to theGesture Module576, is operable to determine one or more events occurring with an application or other component that can affect the user interface. Thus, theEvent Module584 can receive event information either from theevent buffer556 or theTask Management module540. These events can change how the tasks are bound to the displays. TheEvent Module584 can collect state change information fromother Framework520 components and act upon that state change information. In an example, when the phone is opened or closed or when an orientation change has occurred, a new message may be rendered in a secondary screen. The state change based on the event can be received and interpreted by theEvent Module584. The information about the events then may be sent to theDisplay Configuration Module568 to modify the configuration of the display.
• The Binding Module588 is operable to bind the applications564 or the other components to the configuration determined by theDisplay Configuration Module568. A binding associates, in memory, the display configuration for each application with the display and mode of the application. Thus, the Binding Module588 can associate an application with a display configuration for the application (e.g. landscape, portrait, multi-screen, etc.). Then, the Binding Module588 may assign a display identifier to the display. The display identifier associated the application with a particular display of thedevice100. This binding is then stored and provided to theDisplay Controller544, the other components of theOS516, or other components to properly render the display. The binding is dynamic and can change or be updated based on configuration changes associated with events, gestures, state changes, application preferences or requirements, etc.
• User Interface Configurations:
• With reference now toFIGS. 6A-J, various types of output configurations made possible by thedevice100 will be described hereinafter.
• FIGS. 6A and 6B depict two different output configurations of thedevice100 being in a first state. Specifically,FIG. 6A depicts thedevice100 being in aclosed portrait state304 where the data is displayed on theprimary screen104. In this example, thedevice100 displays data via the touchsensitive display110 in afirst portrait configuration604. As can be appreciated, thefirst portrait configuration604 may only display a desktop or operating system home screen. Alternatively, one or more windows may be presented in a portrait orientation while thedevice100 is displaying data in thefirst portrait configuration604.
• FIG. 6B depicts thedevice100 still being in theclosed portrait state304, but instead data is displayed on thesecondary screen108. In this example, thedevice100 displays data via the touchsensitive display114 in asecond portrait configuration608.
• It may be possible to display similar or different data in either the first orsecond portrait configuration604,608. It may also be possible to transition between thefirst portrait configuration604 andsecond portrait configuration608 by providing the device100 a user gesture (e.g., a double tap gesture), a menu selection, or other means. Other suitable gestures may also be employed to transition between configurations. Furthermore, it may also be possible to transition thedevice100 from the first orsecond portrait configuration604,608 to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state thedevice100 is moved.
• An alternative output configuration may be accommodated by thedevice100 being in a second state. Specifically,FIG. 6C depicts a third portrait configuration where data is displayed simultaneously on both theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108. The third portrait configuration may be referred to as a Dual-Portrait (PD) output configuration. In the PD output configuration, the touchsensitive display110 of theprimary screen104 depicts data in thefirst portrait configuration604 while the touchsensitive display114 of thesecondary screen108 depicts data in thesecond portrait configuration608. The simultaneous presentation of thefirst portrait configuration604 and thesecond portrait configuration608 may occur when thedevice100 is in anopen portrait state320. In this configuration, thedevice100 may display one application window in onedisplay110 or114, two application windows (one in eachdisplay110 and114), one application window and one desktop, or one desktop. Other configurations may be possible. It should be appreciated that it may also be possible to transition thedevice100 from the simultaneous display ofconfigurations604,608 to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state thedevice100 is moved. Furthermore, while in this state, an application's display preference may place the device into bilateral mode, in which both displays are active to display different windows in the same application. For example, a Camera application may display a viewfinder and controls on one side, while the other side displays a mirrored preview that can be seen by the photo subjects. Games involving simultaneous play by two players may also take advantage of bilateral mode.
• FIGS. 6D and 6E depicts two further output configurations of thedevice100 being in a third state. Specifically,FIG. 6D depicts thedevice100 being in aclosed landscape state340 where the data is displayed on theprimary screen104. In this example, thedevice100 displays data via the touchsensitive display110 in afirst landscape configuration612. Much like the other configurations described herein, thefirst landscape configuration612 may display a desktop, a home screen, one or more windows displaying application data, or the like.
• FIG. 6E depicts thedevice100 still being in theclosed landscape state340, but instead data is displayed on thesecondary screen108. In this example, thedevice100 displays data via the touchsensitive display114 in asecond landscape configuration616. It may be possible to display similar or different data in either the first orsecond portrait configuration612,616. It may also be possible to transition between thefirst landscape configuration612 andsecond landscape configuration616 by providing thedevice100 with one or both of a twist and tap gesture or a flip and slide gesture. Other suitable gestures may also be employed to transition between configurations. Furthermore, it may also be possible to transition thedevice100 from the first orsecond landscape configuration612,616 to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state thedevice100 is moved.
• FIG. 6F depicts a third landscape configuration where data is displayed simultaneously on both theprimary screen104 and thesecondary screen108. The third landscape configuration may be referred to as a Dual-Landscape (LD) output configuration. In the LD output configuration, the touchsensitive display110 of theprimary screen104 depicts data in thefirst landscape configuration612 while the touchsensitive display114 of thesecondary screen108 depicts data in thesecond landscape configuration616. The simultaneous presentation of thefirst landscape configuration612 and thesecond landscape configuration616 may occur when thedevice100 is in anopen landscape state340. It should be appreciated that it may also be possible to transition thedevice100 from thesimultaneous displayof configurations612,616 to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state thedevice100 is moved.
• FIGS. 6G and 6H depict two views of adevice100 being in yet another state. Specifically, thedevice100 is depicted as being in aneasel state312.FIG. 6G shows that a firsteasel output configuration618 may be displayed on the touchsensitive display110.FIG. 6H shows that a secondeasel output configuration620 may be displayed on the touchsensitive display114. Thedevice100 may be configured to depict either the firsteasel output configuration618 or the secondeasel output configuration620 individually. Alternatively, both theeasel output configurations618,620 may be presented simultaneously. In some embodiments, theeasel output configurations618,620 may be similar or identical to thelandscape output configurations612,616. Thedevice100 may also be configured to display one or both of theeasel output configurations618,620 while in a modifiedeasel state316. It should be appreciated that simultaneous utilization of theeasel output configurations618,620 may facilitate two-person games (e.g., Battleship®, chess, checkers, etc.), multi-user conferences where two or more users share thesame device100, and other applications. As can be appreciated, it may also be possible to transition thedevice100 from the display of one or bothconfigurations618,620 to any other configuration described herein depending upon which state thedevice100 is moved.
• FIG. 6I depicts yet another output configuration that may be accommodated while thedevice100 is in anopen portrait state320. Specifically, thedevice100 may be configured to present a single continuous image across both touchsensitive displays110,114 in a portrait configuration referred to herein as a Portrait-Max (PMax)configuration624. In this configuration, data (e.g., a single image, application, window, icon, video, etc.) may be split and displayed partially on one of the touch sensitive displays while the other portion of the data is displayed on the other touch sensitive display. ThePmax configuration624 may facilitate a larger display and/or better resolution for displaying a particular image on thedevice100. Similar to other output configurations, it may be possible to transition thedevice100 from thePmax configuration624 to any other output configuration described herein depending upon which state thedevice100 is moved.
• FIG. 6J depicts still another output configuration that may be accommodated while thedevice100 is in anopen landscape state348. Specifically, thedevice100 may be configured to present a single continuous image across both touchsensitive displays110,114 in a landscape configuration referred to herein as a Landscape-Max (LMax)configuration628. In this configuration, data (e.g., a single image, application, window, icon, video, etc.) may be split and displayed partially on one of the touch sensitive displays while the other portion of the data is displayed on the other touch sensitive display. TheLmax configuration628 may facilitate a larger display and/or better resolution for displaying a particular image on thedevice100. Similar to other output configurations, it may be possible to transition thedevice100 from theLmax configuration628 to any other output configuration described herein depending upon which state thedevice100 is moved.
• Thedevice100 manages desktops and/or windows with at least onewindow stack1700,1728, as shown inFIGS. 9A and 9B. Awindow stack1700,1728 is a logical arrangement of active and/or inactive windows for a multi-screen device. For example, thewindow stack1700,1728 may be logically similar to a deck of cards, where one or more windows or desktops are arranged in order, as shown inFIGS. 9A and 9B. An active window is a window that is currently being displayed on at least one of the touchsensitive displays110,114. For example,windows104 and108 are active windows and are displayed on touchsensitive displays110 and114. An inactive window is a window that was opened and displayed but is now “behind” an active window and not being displayed. In embodiments, an inactive window may be for an application that is suspended, and thus, the window is not displaying active content. For example,windows1712,1716,1720, and1724 are inactive windows.
• Awindow stack1700,1728 may have various arrangements or organizational structures. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 9A, thedevice100 includes afirst stack1760 associated with a first touchsensitive display110 and a second stack associated with a second touchsensitive display114. Thus, each touchsensitive display110,114 can have an associatedwindow stack1760,1764. These twowindow stacks1760,1764 may have different numbers of windows arranged in therespective stacks1760,1764. Further, the twowindow stacks1760,1764 can also be identified differently and managed separately. Thus, thefirst window stack1760 can be arranged in order from afirst window1704 to anext window1720 to alast window1724 and finally to adesktop1722, which, in embodiments, is at the “bottom” of thewindow stack1760. In embodiments, thedesktop1722 is not always at the “bottom” as application windows can be arranged in the window stack below thedesktop1722, and thedesktop1722 can be brought to the “top” of a stack over other windows during a desktop reveal. Likewise, thesecond stack1764 can be arranged from afirst window1708 to anext window1712 to alast window1716, and finally to adesktop1718, which, in embodiments, is a single desktop area, withdesktop1722, under all the windows in bothwindow stack1760 andwindow stack1764. A logical data structure for managing the twowindow stacks1760,1764 may be as described in conjunction withFIG. 10.
• Another arrangement for awindow stack1728 is shown inFIG. 9B. In this embodiment, there is asingle window stack1728 for both touchsensitive displays110,114. Thus, thewindow stack1728 is arranged from adesktop1758 to afirst window1744 to alast window1756. A window can be arranged in a position among all windows without an association to a specific touchsensitive display110,114. In this embodiment, a window is in the order of windows. Further, at least one window is identified as being active. For example, a single window may be rendered in twoportions1732 and1736 that are displayed on the first touchsensitive screen110 and the second touchsensitive screen114. The single window may only occupy a single position in thewindow stack1728 although it is displayed on bothdisplays110,114.
• Yet another arrangement of awindow stack1760 is shown inFIGS. 9C through 9E. Thewindow stack1760 is shown in three “elevation” views. InFIG. 9C, the top of thewindow stack1760 is shown. Two sides of thewindow stack1760 are shown inFIGS. 9D and 9E. In this embodiment, thewindow stack1760 resembles a stack of bricks. The windows are stacked on each other. Looking from the top of thewindow stack1760 inFIG. 9C, only the top most windows in thewindow stack1760 are seen in different portions of thecomposite display1764. Thecomposite display1764 represents a logical model for the entire display area of thedevice100, which can include touchsensitive display110 and touchsensitive display114. Adesktop1786 or a window can occupy part or all of thecomposite display1764.
• In the embodiment shown, thedesktop1786 is the lowest display or “brick” in thewindow stack1760. Thereupon,window 11782,window 21782,window 31768, andwindow 41770 are layered.Window 11782,window 31768,window 21782, andwindow 41770 only occupy a portion of thecomposite display1764. Thus, another part of thestack1760 includeswindow 81774 andwindows 5 through 7 shown insection1790. Only the top window in any portion of thecomposite display1764 is actually rendered and displayed. Thus, as shown in the top view inFIG. 9C,window 41770,window 81774, andwindow 31768 are displayed as being at the top of the display in different portions of thewindow stack1760. A window can be dimensioned to occupy only a portion of thecomposite display1760 to “reveal” windows lower in thewindow stack1760. For example,window 31768 is lower in the stack than bothwindow 41770 andwindow 81774 but is still displayed. A logical data structure to manage the window stack can be as described in conjunction withFIG. 10.
• When a new window is opened, the newly activated window is generally positioned at the top of the stack. However, where and how the window is positioned within the stack can be a function of the orientation of thedevice100, the context of what programs, functions, software, etc. are being executed on thedevice100, how the stack is positioned when the new window is opened, etc. To insert the window in the stack, the position in the stack for the window is determined and the touchsensitive display110,114 to which the window is associated may also be determined. With this information, a logical data structure for the window can be created and stored. When user interface or other events or tasks change the arrangement of windows, the window stack(s) can be changed to reflect the change in arrangement. It should be noted that these same concepts described above can be used to manage the one or more desktops for thedevice100.
• Alogical data structure1800 for managing the arrangement of windows or desktops in a window stack is shown inFIG. 10. Thelogical data structure1800 can be any data structure used to store data whether an object, record, file, etc. Thelogical data structure1800 can be stored in any type of database or data storage system, regardless of protocol or standard. In embodiments, thelogical data structure1800 includes one or more portions, fields, attributes, etc. that store data in a logical arrangement that allows for easy storage and retrieval of the information. Hereinafter, these one or more portions, fields, attributes, etc. shall be described simply as fields. The fields can store data for awindow identifier1804,dimensions1808, astack position identifier1812, adisplay identifier1816, and/or anactive indicator1820. Each window in a window stack can have an associatedlogical data structure1800. While only a singlelogical data structure1800 is shown inFIG. 10, there may be more or fewerlogical data structures1800 used with a window stack (based on the number of windows or desktops in the stack), as represented byellipses1824. Further, there may be more or fewer fields than those shown inFIG. 10, as represented byellipses1828.
• Awindow identifier1804 can include any identifier (ID) that uniquely identifies the associated window in relation to other windows in the window stack. Thewindow identifier1804 can be a globally unique identifier (GUID), a numeric ID, an alphanumeric ID, or other type of identifier. In embodiments, thewindow identifier1804 can be one, two, or any number of digits based on the number of windows that can be opened. In alternative embodiments, the size of thewindow identifier1804 may change based on the number of windows opened. While the window is open, thewindow identifier1804 may be static and remain unchanged.
• Dimensions1808 can include dimensions for a window in thecomposite display1760. For example, thedimensions1808 can include coordinates for two or more corners of the window or may include one coordinate and dimensions for the width and height of the window. Thesedimensions1808 can delineate what portion of thecomposite display1760 the window may occupy, which may the entirecomposite display1760 or only part ofcomposite display1760. For example,window 41770 may have dimensions1880 that indicate that thewindow1770 will occupy only part of the display area forcomposite display1760, as shown inFIGS. 9C through 9E. As windows are moved or inserted in the window stack, thedimensions1808 may change.
• Astack position identifier1812 can be any identifier that can identify the position in the stack for the window or may be inferred from the window's control record within a data structure, such as a list or a stack. Thestack position identifier1812 can be a GUID, a numeric ID, an alphanumeric ID, or other type of identifier. Each window or desktop can include astack position identifier1812. For example, as shown inFIG. 9A,window 11704 instack 11760 can have astack position identifier1812 of 1 identifying thatwindow1704 is the first window in thestack1760 and the active window. Similarly,window 61724 can have astack position identifier1812 of 3 representing thatwindow1724 is the third window in thestack1760.Window 21708 can also have astack position identifier1812 of 1 representing thatwindow1708 is the first window in thesecond stack1764. As shown inFIG. 9B,window 11744 can have astack position identifier1812 of 1,window 3, rendered inportions1732 and1736, can have astack position identifier1812 of 3, andwindow 61756 can have astack position identifier1812 of 6. Thus, depending on the type of stack, thestack position identifier1812 can represent a window's location in the stack.
• Adisplay identifier1816 can identify that the window or desktop is associated with a particular display, such as thefirst display110 or thesecond display114, or thecomposite display1760 composed of both displays. While thisdisplay identifier1816 may not be needed for a multi-stack system, as shown inFIG. 9A, thedisplay identifier1816 can indicate whether a window in the serial stack ofFIG. 9B is displayed on a particular display. Thus,window 3 may have twoportions1732 and1736 inFIG. 9B. Thefirst portion1732 may have adisplay identifier1816 for the first display while thesecond portion1736 may have adisplay identifier1816 for thesecond display114. However, in alternative embodiments, the window may have twodisplay identifier1816 that represent that the window is displayed on both of thedisplays110,114, or adisplay identifier1816 identifying the composite display. In another alternate embodiment, the window may have asingle display identifier1816 to represent that the window is displayed on both of thedisplays110,114.
• Similar to thedisplay identifier1816, anactive indicator1820 may not be needed with the dual stack system ofFIG. 9A, as the window instack position1 is active and displayed. In the system ofFIG. 9B, theactive indicator1820 can indicate which window(s) in the stack is being displayed. Thus,window 3 may have twoportions1732 and1736 inFIG. 9. Thefirst portion1732 may have anactive indicator1820 while thesecond portion1736 may also have anactive indicator1820. However, in alternative embodiments,window 3 may have a singleactive indicator1820. Theactive indicator1820 can be a simple flag or bit that represents that the window is active or displayed.
• An embodiment of a method900 for creating a window stack is shown inFIG. 11. While a general order for the steps of themethod1900 is shown inFIG. 11. Generally, themethod1900 starts with astart operation1904 and ends with an end operation1928. Themethod1900 can include more or fewer steps or can arrange the order of the steps differently than those shown inFIG. 11. Themethod1900 can be executed as a set of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer system and encoded or stored on a computer readable medium. Hereinafter, themethod1900 shall be explained with reference to the systems, components, modules, software, data structures, user interfaces, etc. described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-10.
• Amulti-screen device100 can receive activation of a window, instep1908. In embodiments, themulti-screen device100 can receive activation of a window by receiving an input from the touchsensitive display110 or114, theconfigurable area112 or116, agesture capture region120 or124, or some other hardware sensor operable to receive user interface inputs. The processor may execute theTask Management Module540 may receive the input. TheTask Management Module540 can interpret the input as requesting an application task to be executed that will open a window in the window stack.
• In embodiments, theTask Management Module540 places the user interface interaction in thetask stack552 to be acted upon by theDisplay Configuration Module568 of theMulti-Display Management Module524. Further, theTask Management Module540 waits for information from theMulti-Display Management Module524 to send instructions to theWindow Management Module532 to create the window in the window stack.
• TheMulti-Display Management Module524, upon receiving instruction from theTask Management Module540, determines to which touch portion of thecomposite display1760, the newly activated window should be associated, instep1912. For example,window 41770 is associated with the a portion of thecomposite display1764 In embodiments, thedevice state module574 of theMulti-Display Management Module524 may determine how the device is oriented or in what state the device is in, e.g., open, closed, portrait, etc. Further, thepreferences module572 and/orrequirements module580 may determine how the window is to be displayed. Thegesture module576 may determine the user's intentions about how the window is to be opened based on the type of gesture and the location of where the gesture is made.
• TheDisplay Configuration Module568 may use the input from these modules and evaluate the current,window stack1760 to determine the best place and the best dimensions, based on a visibility algorithm, to open the window. Thus, theDisplay Configuration Module568 determines the best place to put the window at the top of thewindow stack1760, instep1916. The visibility algorithm, in embodiments, determines for all portions of the composite display, which windows are at the top of the stack. For example, the visibility algorithm determines thatwindow 31768,window 41770, andwindow 81774 are at the top of thestack1760 as viewed inFIGS. 9C through 9E. Upon determining where to open the window, theDisplay Configuration Module568 can assign adisplay identifier816 and possiblydimensions808 to the window. Thedisplay identifier816 anddimensions808 can then be sent back to theTask Management Module540. TheTask Management Module540 may then assign the window astack position identifier812 indicating the windows position at the top of the window stack.
• In embodiments, theTask Management Module540 sends the window stack information and instructions to render the window to theWindow Management Module532. TheWindow Management Module532 and theTask Management Module540 can create the logical data structure800, instep1924. Both theTask Management Module540 and theWindow Management Module532 may create and manage copies of the window stack. These copies of the window stack can be synchronized or kept similar through communications between theWindow Management Module532 and theTask Management Module540. Thus, theWindow Management Module532 and theTask Management Module540, based on the information determined by theMulti-Display Management Module524, can assigndimensions808, a stack position identifier812 (e.g.,window 11782,window 41770, etc.), a display identifier816 (e.g., touchsensitive display 1110, touchsensitive display 2114, composite display identifier, etc,), and anactive indicator820, which is generally always set when the window is at the “top” of the stack. The logical data structure800 may then be stored by both theWindow Management Module532 and theTask Management Module540. Further, theWindow Management Module532 and theTask Management Module540 may thereinafter manage the window stack and the logical data structure(s)800.
• FIG. 12 depicts a further window stacking configuration. A plurality ofwindows 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, whether from the same or different multi-screen or single-screen applications, are depicted. The touchsensitive display110 currently haswindow4 in the active display position while touchsensitive display114 currently haswindow5 in the active display position. The stack for touchsensitive display110, from top to bottom, haswindow4 in the active display position andwindows 3, 2, and 1 positioned behind it. The stack for touchsensitive display114, from top to bottom, haswindow 5 in the active display position andwindows 6, 7, and 8 positioned behind it.
• The desktops D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6 are positioned behind the window stacks. The desktops can be viewed as a desktop stack different from the window stack. Viewed in this manner, the touchsensitive display110 has a corresponding desktop stack comprising desktops D3, D2, and D1, with desktop D1 being at the bottom2300 stack position and with desktop D3 at the top stack position being capable of being displayed with window4 (depending on the window position and size (whether maximized or minimized), and the touchsensitive display114 has a corresponding desktop stack has a corresponding desktop stack comprising desktops D4, D5, and D6, with desktop D6 being at the bottom2304 stack position and with desktop D4 at the top stack position being capable of being displayed with window5 (depending on the window position and size (whether maximized or minimized). Conceptually, the desktops can be viewed as a canvas divided, in this example, into six sections of which two can be displayed, at any one time, the touchsensitive displays110,114. When thedevice100 is in the closed state, this conceptual model, in one configuration, persists. In this configuration, only one window and desktop stacks can be seen (that corresponding to the primary screen) but the other window and desktop stacks are virtual; that is, they are maintained in memory but cannot be seen because the secondary screen is not enabled.
• Single-screen applications are typically related only to one window while multi-screen applications can be related to one or more windows. The latter hierarchical relationship is depicted inFIG. 8. As shown inFIG. 8, first window 1.1 is a root window, second window 1.1.1 is a node window, and third window 1.1.1.1 is a leaf window. The windows are in a hierarchical tree-like sequence and are controlled by a common multi-screen application. The root window 1.1 may be a top level view of the hierarchical application window sequence such that there is no parent window corresponding to the root window. The root window may be a parent to a node window. One or more node windows may be provided that are related as parent/children. A node window may also serve as a leaf window. By leaf window, it is meant that the leaf window has no corresponding node screen for which the leaf window is a parent. As such, the leaf window does not have any children node windows, Windows 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.2 are examples of leaf windows. The root view refers to all of the windows controlled by a multi-screen application at a point in time.
• A number of examples will now be discussed with reference to minimizing and maximizing root view windows and subcomponents thereof. Prior to discussing the examples, some fundamental rules regarding maximizing and minimizing displayed images will be discussed. A maximize or minimize operation is typically initiated by a user gesture, particularly a flip or drag. In a drag gesture, a 1:1 map reaction between the user's digit and the displayed image is used as the user “drags” the displayed image to the other touch sensitive display. The user typically releases the displayed image before it is fully moved to the other touch sensitive display. The initial speed after release is generally decreased progressively or gradually until the displayed image is fully located in the desired position. Too little displacement of the displayed image generally will not cause the image to be relocated. Such a low level of displacement is assumed to be accidental or incidental to the user using the device.
• In a root view, or set of hierarchically related windows, the user, when the device is in dual screen mode, can maximize the related windows of the multi-screen application to enable side-by-side viewing of the related windows (e.g., the parent and child windows), thereby viewing the window hierarchy as a linear progression, with the top-most window being displayed on the left and the lowest-most or deepest level window being displayed on the right (or vice versa). As discussed below, this visual configuration can be controlled using directional transitions conveying a navigation direction and location of a window in relation to a launching point of the window.
• A multi-screen application window generally opens in minimized mode. A continuing drag and release gesture when a window of a multi-screen application, originally minimized in a first touch sensitive display, is at least half-way across the second touch sensitive display will generally cause the window to be maximized, or displayed in both the first and second touch sensitive displays. Dragging a window of a multi-screen application originally minimized in a first touch sensitive display to a second touch sensitive display all the way across to the far edge of the second touch sensitive display will generally maximize the window across both the first and second touch sensitive displays. When the user continues to drag in the same direction after the window of the multi-screen application is expanded fully (or maximized across both the first and second touch sensitive displays and touching both far (non-adjacent) edges of the first and second touch sensitive displays), the window will pull away from the far edge of the first touch sensitive display and, once the far edge of the window is half-way across the first touch sensitive display, the application window will generally reposition in minimized mode in the second touch sensitive display.
• The flick gesture will not generally maximize a window of a multi-screen application but generally will reposition a minimized window of a single- or multi-screen application. The flick gesture will generally not minimize window(s) of a maximized application. The flick gesture is a way to move rapidly through the windows of a stack, whether the windows are of a single- or multi-screen application.
• For instance, a user selects an application shortcut on a first desktop D1 to launch a multi-screen application, such as Outlook™. The application opens to display a defined parent or root window 1.1 in the screen of the first desktop D1 (or the screen from which the application was launched). The user expands or maximizes the application to both the first and second touch sensitive displays to display the parent window 1.1 and the node window 1.1.1. Once expanded, the node window 1.1.1 appears based on rules set by the particular application, e.g., the node window 1.1.1 selected is at a selected position and/or relationship to the parent window 1.1. The user selects, such as by a tap gesture, the node window 1.1.1 towards the other first touch sensitive display (displaying the parent window 1.1, causing the parent window 1.1 to slide off-display and the leaf window 1.1.1.1 to appear in the second touch sensitive display. If, on the other hand, the user selects, such as by a tap gesture, the parent window 1.1 moves to and is displayed by the second touch sensitive display, the node window 1.1.1 slides to the right off the second touch sensitive display to an inactive display position, and a window 1 (not shown) at a hierarchy level higher than the parent window 1.1 moves into and is displayed by the first touch sensitive display
• A first example will be applied toFIGS. 13A-C. The first and second touchsensitive displays110,114 display, respectively, a leaf view window 1.1.1.1 and a second desktop D2 (FIG. 13A). Stated another way, the first touchsensitive display110 has the leaf view window 1.1.1.1 (1308) in an active display position, and the second touchsensitive display114 has the second desktop D2 in an active display position. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300. Exemplary gestures include a drag or flick to the right (though one or more other gestures may be employed). By thegesture1300, the user seeks to maximize the root view to show the node window 1.1.1 (1304) and the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) in separate displays (FIG. 13B). As a general rule, a leaf window (or window having no child) is positioned on the second touchsensitive display114. Thus, the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) moves to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114, and the node window 1.1.1 (1304) is moved to the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110 as shown byFIG. 13C. The second desktop D2, meanwhile, moves to an inactive display position on the second touchsensitive display114. The leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) does this by sliding over to the second touchsensitive display114, thereby revealing or uncovering the node window 1.1.1 (1304). As will be appreciated, a reverse general rule could also be applied; that is, the leaf window could be positioned on the first touchsensitive display110.
• A second example will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 14A-C in which the first touchsensitive display110 has a first desktop D1 in an active display position, and the second touchsensitive display114 has the leaf view window 1.1.1.1 (1308) in an active display position. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, such as a flick or drag, to the left. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to maximize the root view to show the node window 1.1.1 (1304) and the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) in separate displays (FIG. 14B). As a general rule, a leaf window (or window having no child) is positioned on the second touchsensitive display114. Thus, the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) remains in the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114, and the node window 1.1.1 (1304) is moved to the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110 as shown byFIG. 14C. The first desktop D1, meanwhile, moves to an inactive display position on the first touchsensitive display110. The node window 1.1.1 (1304) does this by sliding from under the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308). As will be appreciated, a reverse general rule could also be applied; that is, the leaf window could be positioned on the first touchsensitive display110.
• A third example will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 24A-C in which the first touchsensitive display110 has the root window 1.1 (1600) in an active display position (and the node and leaf windows 1.1.1 (1304) and 1.1.1.1 (1308) in inactive display positions), and the second touchsensitive display114 has the second desktop D2 in an active display position. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, such as a flick or drag, to the right. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to maximize the root view to show the root window 1.1 (1600) and node window 1.1.1 (1304) in separate displays (FIG. 24B), As a general rule, whenever a child window (e.g., a node or leaf window) is uncovered through maximization, it is uncovered on the second touchsensitive display114. Thus, the root window 1.1 (1600) remains in the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110, and the node window 1.1.1 (1304) is moved to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114 as shown byFIG. 24C. The second desktop D2, meanwhile, moves to an inactive display position on the second touchsensitive display114. The node window 1.1.1 (1304) does this by sliding out from under the root window 1.1 (1600). As will be appreciated, a reverse general rule could also be applied; that is, the child window could be positioned on the first touchsensitive display110.
• A fourth example will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 25A-C in which the first touchsensitive display110 has the first desktop D1 in an active display position, and the second touchsensitive display114 has the root window 1.1 (1600) in an active display position (and the node and leaf windows 1.1.1 (1304) and 1.1.1.1 (1308) in inactive display positions). In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, such as a flick or drag, to the left. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to maximize the root view to show the root window 1.1 (1600) and node window 1.1.1 (1304) in separate displays (FIG. 25B). Thus, the node window 1.1.1 (1304) moves to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114, and the root window 1.1 (1600) is moved to the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110 as shown byFIG. 25C. The first desktop D1, meanwhile, moves to an inactive display position on the first touchsensitive display110. The root window 1.1 (1600) does this by sliding over from above the node window 1.1.1 (1304).
• A fifth example will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 15A-C in which the first touchsensitive display110 displays the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308), and the second touchsensitive display114 displays the second desktop D2. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, particularly a flick gesture, to the right. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to move the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) to the second touchsensitive display114 to reveal the first desktop D1. As a general rule, a flick gesture will move the leaf window to the other touch sensitive display. Thus, the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) moves to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114, and the first desktop D1 moves to the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110 as shown byFIG. 15C. The second desktop D2, meanwhile, moves to an inactive display position on the second touchsensitive display110.
• A sixth example will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 26A-C in which the first touchsensitive display110 displays the root window 1.1 (1600), and the second touchsensitive display114 displays the second desktop D2. As will be appreciated, the display of a higher level (e.g., node) window by thedevice100 indicates that its related, lower level windows are positioned in the same display “underneath” the higher level window (or in inactive display positions in the stack corresponding to the appropriate display). With reference toFIG. 26A, the display of the root window 1.1 (1600) indicates that the node window 1.1.1 (1304) and leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1600) are in inactive display positions in the first touchsensitive display110. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, particularly a flick gesture, to the right. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to move the root view to the second touchsensitive display114 to reveal the first desktop D1. As a general rule, a flick gesture will move the root window (or root view) to the other touch sensitive display (and maintain the relative stack display positions of the root view). Thus, the root window 1.1 (1600) moves to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114, and the first desktop D1 moves to the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110 as shown byFIG. 26C. The second desktop D2, meanwhile, moves to an inactive display position on the second touchsensitive display110.
• A seventh example will be applied toFIGS. 16A-C. The first and second touchsensitive displays110,114 display, respectively, a root window 1.1 (1600) and a node window 1.1.1 (1304) (FIG. 16A). Stated another way, the first touchsensitive display110 has the root window 1.1 (1600) in an active display position, and the second touchsensitive display114 has the node window 1.1.1 (1304) in an active display position. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300. Exemplary gestures include a drag or flick to the right. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to minimize the root view in the second touch sensitive display114 (FIG. 16B). As a general rule, a minimizing a higher level (e.g., root) and lower level (e.g., node) windows from a touch sensitive display is done so as to maintain the higher level (e.g., root or parent) window 1.1 (1600) in the active display position on the minimized view. Thus, the root window 1.1 (1600) moves to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114, and the node window 1.1.1 (1304) is moved to the inactive display position on the second touchsensitive display114 as shown byFIG. 16C. The first desktop D1, meanwhile, moves to the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110. The node window 1.1 (1600) does this by sliding over to the second touchsensitive display114, thereby revealing or uncovering the first desktop D1. As will be appreciated, a reverse general rule could also be applied; that is, the node window could be maintained in view over the root window.
• An eighth example will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 17A-C in which the first touchsensitive display110 has the root window 1.1 (1600) in an active display position, and the second touchsensitive display114 has the node window 1.1.1 (1304) in an active display position. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, such as a flick or drag, to the left. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to minimize the root view in the first touch sensitive display110 (FIG. 17B). The root window 1.1 (1600) remains in the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110, and the node window 1.1.1 (1304) is moved to an inactive display position on the first touchsensitive display110 as shown byFIG. 17C. The second desktop D2, meanwhile, moves to an active display position on the second touchsensitive display114. The node window 1.1.1 (1304) does this by sliding under the root window 1.1 (1600).
• A ninth example will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 18A-C in which the first touchsensitive display110 displays the node window 1.1.1 (1304), and the second touchsensitive display114 displays the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308). In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, particularly a flick or drag gesture, to the right. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to move the node window 1.1.1 (1304) to the second touchsensitive display114 to reveal the first desktop D1 in the first touchsensitive display110. Thus, the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) moves to an inactive display position on the second touchsensitive display114, and the first desktop D1 moves to the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110 as shown byFIG. 18C. The node window 1.1.1 (1304), meanwhile, moves (or slides over the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114.
• A tenth example will be discussed with reference toFIGS. 19A-C in which the first touchsensitive display110 displays the node window 1.1.1 (1304), and the second touchsensitive display114 displays the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308). In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, particularly a flick or drag gesture, to the left. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to move the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) to the first touchsensitive display110 to reveal the second desktop D2 in the second touchsensitive display114. Thus, the leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1308) moves (or slides under the node window 1.1.1 (1304)) to an inactive display position on the first touchsensitive display110, and the second desktop D2 moves to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114 as shown byFIG. 19C. The node window 1.1.1 (1304), meanwhile, remains in the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110.
• In a further example shown inFIGS. 20A-C, thedevice100 is in dual landscape display mode. Unlike dual portrait display mode, the device, in the dual landscape display mode, can present one view, and not two. This capability, in turn, affects the maximization and minimization rules.
• The first touchsensitive display110 displays a minimized root window 1.1 (1600), and the second touchsensitive display114 displays a second desktop D2. The root window 1.1 (1600) is minimized in that it occupies only one of the primary andsecondary screens104 and108. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, such as a flick or drag gesture downwards. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to maximize the root window 1.1 (1600) by displaying the root window on both the first and second touchsensitive displays110 and114. As shown byFIG. 20B, the root view 1.1 slides downwards to cover the second touchsensitive display114. Thus, the root window 1.1 (1600) is in the active display position in both the first and second touchsensitive displays110 and114 (FIG. 20C).
• A further example is shown inFIGS. 21A-C. With reference toFIG. 21A, the first touchsensitive display110 displays a first desktop D1, and the second touchsensitive display114 displays a minimized root window 1.1 (1600). In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, such as a flick or drag gesture upwards. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to maximize the root window 1.1 (1600) by displaying the root window on both the first and second touchsensitive displays110 and114. As shown byFIG. 21B, the root view 1.1 slides upwards to cover the second touchsensitive display114. Thus, the root window 1.1 (1600) is in the active display position in both the first and second touchsensitive displays110 and114 (FIG. 21C).
• With reference toFIGS. 22A-C, a further example will be discussed. With reference toFIG. 22A, the first touchsensitive display110 displays the first desktop D1, and the second touchsensitive display114 displays the root window 1.1 (1600). As will be appreciated, the display of a higher level (e.g., node) window by thedevice100 indicates that its related, lower level windows are positioned in the same display “underneath” the higher level window (or in inactive display positions in the stack corresponding to the appropriate display). With reference toFIG. 22A, the display of the root window 1.1 (1600) indicates that the node window 1.1.1 (1304) and leaf window 1.1.1.1 (1600) are in inactive display positions in the second touchsensitive display110. In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the first or second touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, particularly a flick gesture, upwards. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to move the root view to the first touchsensitive display110 to reveal the second desktop D2. As a general rule, a flick gesture will move the root window (or root view) to the other touch sensitive display (and maintain the relative stack display positions of the root view). Thus, the root window 1.1 (1600) moves to the active display position on the first touchsensitive display110, and the second desktop D2 moves to the active display position on the second touchsensitive display114 as shown byFIG. 22C. The first desktop D1, meanwhile, moves to an inactive display position on the first touchsensitive display110.
• A further example is shown inFIGS. 23A-C. With reference toFIG. 23A, the first and second touchsensitive displays110 and114 display a maximized root window 1.1 (1600). In agesture capture region120 or124 (or in other configurations the touchsensitive display110 or114) receives, from the user, agesture1300, such as a flick or drag gesture upwards. By thegesture1300, the user seeks to minimize the root window 1.1 (1600) by displaying the root window in the first touchsensitive display110 to reveal the second desktop D2 in the second touchsensitive display114. As shown byFIG. 23B, the root view 1.1 in the second touchsensitive display114 slides upwards, revealing the second desktop D2. Thus, the root window 1.1 (1600) is in the active display position in the first touchsensitive display110 while the second desktop is in the active display position in the second touch sensitive display114 (FIG. 23C).
• In the various examples,middleware520, particularly one or more of the Multi-Display Management (MDM)class524, aSurface Cache class528, aWindow Management class532, anActivity Management class536, and anApplication Management class540, independently or collectively, receive a command to manipulate a displayed set of related windows from a multi-screen application in a predetermined manner, such as by detecting a gesture1300 (step2700). In response,middleware520 determines whether the set of related windows is currently maximized (in which case each of the touchsensitive displays110 and114 display one of the related windows) or minimized (in which case only one of the touch sensitive displays one of the windows) (step2704). Indecision diamond2708, themiddleware520 decides how to process the command based on whether the window(s) is maximized or minimized. When maximized, themiddleware520 determines whether thedevice100 is in the portrait or landscape display mode and, when in the landscape display mode, which of the touchsensitive displays110 and114 is on top and which is on the bottom (step2712). When in portrait display mode, themiddleware520 causes the lower level window (e.g., leaf window 1.1.1.1) to be displayed on a predetermined one of the left or right touch sensitive display. When in landscape display mode, themiddleware520 causes the lower level window to be displayed on a predetermined one of the upper or lower touch sensitive display. When the related window is minimized, themiddleware520 determines whether thedevice100 is in the portrait or landscape display mode and, when in the landscape display mode, which of the touchsensitive displays110 and114 is on top and which is on the bottom (step2716). When in portrait display mode, themiddleware520 causes the lower level window to no longer be displayed on a predetermined one of the left or right touch sensitive display. When in landscape display mode, themiddleware520 causes the lower level window to no longer be displayed on a predetermined one of the upper or lower touch sensitive display.
• The exemplary systems and methods of this disclosure have been described in relation to communication devices. However, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure, the preceding description omits a number of known structures and devices. This omission is not to be construed as a limitation of the scopes of the claims. Specific details are set forth to provide an understanding of the present disclosure. It should however be appreciated that the present disclosure may be practiced in a variety of ways beyond the specific detail set forth herein.
• Furthermore, while the exemplary aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations illustrated herein show the various components of the system collocated, certain components of the system can be located remotely, at distant portions of a distributed network, such as a LAN and/or the Internet, or within a dedicated system. Thus, it should be appreciated, that the components of the system can be combined in to one or more devices, such as a communication device, or collocated on a particular node of a distributed network, such as an analog and/or digital telecommunications network, a packet-switch network, or a circuit-switched network. It will be appreciated from the preceding description, and for reasons of computational efficiency, that the components of the system can be arranged at any location within a distributed network of components without affecting the operation of the system. For example, the various components can be located in a switch such as a PBX and media server, gateway, in one or more communications devices, at one or more users' premises, or some combination thereof. Similarly, one or more functional portions of the system could be distributed between a telecommunications device(s) and an associated computing device.
• Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the various links connecting the elements can be wired or wireless links, or any combination thereof, or any other known or later developed element(s) that is capable of supplying and/or communicating data to and from the connected elements. These wired or wireless links can also be secure links and may be capable of communicating encrypted information. Transmission media used as links, for example, can be any suitable carrier for electrical signals, including coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, and may take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red data communications.
• Also, while the flowcharts have been discussed and illustrated in relation to a particular sequence of events, it should be appreciated that changes, additions, and omissions to this sequence can occur without materially affecting the operation of the disclosed embodiments, configuration, and aspects.
• A number of variations and modifications of the disclosure can be used. It would be possible to provide for some features of the disclosure without providing others.
• In other embodiments, other rules may be applied. For example, the preferred orientations of the higher and lower level related windows is different from the orientations described above.
• In yet another embodiment, the systems and methods of this disclosure can be implemented in conjunction with a special purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor or microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit element(s), an ASIC or other integrated circuit, a digital signal processor, a hard-wired electronic or logic circuit such as discrete element circuit, a programmable logic device or gate array such as PLD, PLA, FPGA, PAL, special purpose computer, any comparable means, or the like. In general, any device(s) or means capable of implementing the methodology illustrated herein can be used to implement the various aspects of this disclosure. Exemplary hardware that can be used for the disclosed embodiments, configurations and aspects includes computers, handheld devices, telephones (e.g., cellular, Internet enabled, digital, analog, hybrids, and others), and other hardware known in the art. Some of these devices include processors (e.g., a single or multiple microprocessors), memory, nonvolatile storage, input devices, and output devices. Furthermore, alternative software implementations including, but not limited to, distributed processing or component/object distributed processing, parallel processing, or virtual machine processing can also be constructed to implement the methods described herein.
• In yet another embodiment, the disclosed methods may be readily implemented in conjunction with software using object or object-oriented software development environments that provide portable source code that can be used on a variety of computer or workstation platforms. Alternatively, the disclosed system may be implemented partially or fully in hardware using standard logic circuits or VLSI design. Whether software or hardware is used to implement the systems in accordance with this disclosure is dependent on the speed and/or efficiency requirements of the system, the particular function, and the particular software or hardware systems or microprocessor or microcomputer systems being utilized.
• In yet another embodiment, the disclosed methods may be partially implemented in software that can be stored on a storage medium, executed on programmed general-purpose, computer with the cooperation of a controller and memory, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, or the like. In these instances, the systems and methods of this disclosure can be implemented as program embedded on personal computer such as an applet, JAVA® or CGI script, as a resource residing on a server or computer workstation, as a routine embedded in a dedicated measurement system, system component, or the like. The system can also be implemented by physically incorporating the system and/or method into a software and/or hardware system.
• Although the present disclosure describes components and functions implemented in the aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations with reference to particular standards and protocols, the aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations are not limited to such standards and protocols. Other similar standards and protocols not mentioned herein are in existence and are considered to be included in the present disclosure. Moreover, the standards and protocols mentioned herein and other similar standards and protocols not mentioned herein are periodically superseded by faster or more effective equivalents having essentially the same functions. Such replacement standards and protocols having the same functions are considered equivalents included in the present disclosure.
• The present disclosure, in various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations, includes components, methods, processes, systems and/or apparatus substantially as depicted and described herein, including various aspects, embodiments, configurations embodiments, subcombinations, and/or subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the disclosed aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations after understanding the present disclosure. The present disclosure, in various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations, includes providing devices and processes in the absence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations hereof, including in the absence of such items as may have been used in previous devices or processes, e.g., for improving performance, achieving ease and\or reducing cost of implementation.
• The foregoing discussion has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the disclosure to the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing Detailed Description for example, various features of the disclosure are grouped together in one or more aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations of the disclosure may be combined in alternate aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations other than those discussed above. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claims require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed aspect, embodiment, and/or configuration. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the disclosure.
• Moreover, though the description has included description of one or more aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations and certain variations and modifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications are within the scope of the disclosure, e.g., as may be within the skill and knowledge of those in the art, after understanding the present disclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternative aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations to the extent permitted, including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps to those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps are disclosed herein, and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subject matter.

Claims (17)

1. A method, comprising:

receiving, by processor executable middleware in a multi-display communication device, a command to at least one of minimize and maximize a set of related windows from a common multi-screen application, the set of related windows comprising a higher level window and a lower level window at least one of displayed and to be displayed by different touch sensitive displays;

applying, by the processor executable middleware, the following rules:

(B1) when the set of related windows is to be minimized, selecting a touch sensitive display for displaying the higher level window and ceasing to display the lower level window on the other touch sensitive display; and

(B2) when the set of related windows is to be maximized, selecting a predetermined touch sensitive display for displaying one of the higher and lower level windows and causing the other of the higher and lower level windows to be displayed on the other touch sensitive display.

2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein rule (B2) applies.

3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the command is a drag or a flick, wherein neither the higher nor lower level window is displayed in the predetermined touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and wherein the lower level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the predetermined touch sensitive display, thereby revealing the higher level window in the other touch sensitive display.

4. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the command is a drag or a flick, wherein the lower level window is in the predetermined touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, wherein the higher level window appears to move from the predetermined touch sensitive display to the other touch sensitive display, whereby the lower level window is displayed by the predetermined touch sensitive display and the higher level window is displayed by the other touch sensitive display.

5. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the multi-display communication device is in the portrait display mode and wherein the predetermined touch sensitive display is the right-most touch sensitive display.

6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein rule (B1) applies.

7. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the command is a drag or a flick, wherein the higher and lower level window are concurrently displayed in the selected and other touch sensitive displays when the gesture is received, wherein the lower level display is displayed in the selected touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and wherein the higher level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the selected touch sensitive display, thereby covering the lower level window in the other touch sensitive display.

8. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the command is a drag or a flick, wherein the higher and lower level window are concurrently displayed in the selected and other touch sensitive displays when the gesture is received, wherein the higher level display is displayed in the selected touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and wherein the lower level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the selected touch sensitive display, thereby disappearing under the higher level window in the other touch sensitive display.

9. A non-transient and tangible computer readable medium comprising processor executable instructions to perform the steps ofclaim 1.

10. A communication device, comprising:

at least first and second touch sensitive displays to display windows;

a processor; and

a computer readable memory, the computer readable memory comprising processor executable middleware operable to:

receive a command to at least one of minimize and maximize a set of related windows from a common multi-screen application, the set of related windows comprising a higher level window and a lower level window at least one of displayed and to be displayed by different touch sensitive displays;

apply the following rules:

(i) when the set of related windows is to be minimized, selecting a touch sensitive display for displaying the higher level window and ceasing to display the lower level window on the other touch sensitive display; and

(ii) when the set of related windows is to be maximized, selecting a predetermined touch sensitive display for displaying one of the higher and lower level windows and causing the other of the higher and lower level window to be displayed on the other touch sensitive display.

11. The device ofclaim 10, wherein rule (ii) applies.

12. The device ofclaim 11, wherein the command is a drag or a flick, wherein neither the higher nor lower level window is displayed in the predetermined touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and wherein the lower level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the predetermined touch sensitive display, thereby revealing the higher level window in the other touch sensitive display.

13. The device ofclaim 11, wherein the command is a drag or a flick, wherein the lower level window is in the predetermined touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, wherein the higher level window appears to move from the predetermined touch sensitive display to the other touch sensitive display, whereby the lower level window is displayed by the predetermined touch sensitive display and the higher level window is displayed by the other touch sensitive display.

14. The device ofclaim 11, wherein the multi-display communication device is in the portrait display mode and wherein the predetermined touch sensitive display is the right-most touch sensitive display.

15. The device ofclaim 12, wherein rule (ii) applies.

16. The device ofclaim 15, wherein the command is a drag or a flick, wherein the higher and lower level window are concurrently displayed in the selected and other touch sensitive displays when the gesture is received, wherein the lower level display is displayed in the selected touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and wherein the higher level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the selected touch sensitive display, thereby covering the lower level window in the other touch sensitive display.

17. The device ofclaim 15, wherein the command is a drag or a flick, wherein the higher and lower level window are concurrently displayed in the selected and other touch sensitive displays when the gesture is received, wherein the higher level display is displayed in the selected touch sensitive display when the gesture is received, and wherein the lower level window appears to move from the other touch sensitive display to the selected touch sensitive display, thereby disappearing under the higher level window in the other touch sensitive display.

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