BACKGROUNDThe present disclosure is directed to control systems, and more specifically to a proportional integral derivative (PID) evaporator temperature control scheme.
In the automotive field, as well as other fields, compressors are used to control an evaporator temperature and thereby allow for heating and cooling. The evaporator temperature is typically adjusted by changing the compressor speed. In order to ensure that the compressor is operated at the proper speed for a desired evaporator temperature, electrical control systems are used. It is known in the art to use a proportional integral derivative (PID) control scheme on a micro-controller to control these systems. Typically the PID controller will have an input of the current temperature of the evaporator and the current speed of the compressor. The PID controller then attempts to drive the evaporator temperature to a desired temperature by making corresponding adjustments to the compressor speed.
Current control systems determine adjustments to the compressor speed at a set frequency. By way of example, some control algorithms recalculate the needed compressor speed every 8 seconds, or at some desired time interval. Adjusting the compressor speed at a set frequency entails operating the control algorithm at the specific time interval regardless of any change in the actual temperature of the evaporator. Once the evaporator temperature has reached approximately the desired temperature minor fluctuations in temperature can occur with the evaporator temperature remaining within acceptable tolerances. Running the control scheme, and adjusting the compressor speed, consistently at the desired frequency can therefore result in unnecessary adjustments to the compressor speed, and unneeded use of electrical power.
SUMMARYDisclosed is a control system for operating a compressor that establishes an initial condition, detects changes in the initial condition, and operates a controller when the changes in the initial condition exceed a predetermined maximum value. The controller then establishes a new initial condition and continues to detect changes from the new initial condition.
Additionally disclosed is a control scheme for controlling a compressor speed which establishes a target evaporator temperature and an initial evaporator temperature. The method detects the actual temperature of the evaporator and compares it to a previous sensed evaporator temperature to determine a change in evaporator temperature since the last iteration of the control signal. The method also detects the actual evaporator temperature and compares the actual temperature with the target temperature to determine a difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature. The difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature is used to initiate operation of a control algorithm whenever the change in temperature exceeds the predetermined value. Initiating operation when the temperature change exceeds a predetermined value provides for actuation of the control algorithm to adjust the speed of the compressor only when required to obtain a desired temperature.
These and other features of the present invention can be best understood from the following specification and drawings, the following of which is a brief description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 schematically illustrates a vehicle which has a compressor, evaporator, and a compressor controller.
FIG. 2 illustrates a block flowchart of a compressor control system using a proportional integral derivative controller (PID controller).
FIG. 3 illustrates a block flowchart of a compressor control system with an additional Δt check block.
FIG. 4 illustrates a sample graph of an evaporator temperature over time.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONFIG. 1 schematically illustrates avehicle10 which has acompressor20 and anevaporator30 located in the front engine compartment. Theevaporator30 and thecompressor20 are controlled by an on-boardelectronic controller40 which is capable of adjusting the speed of thecompressor20 and thereby adjusting the temperature of theevaporator30. Thecontroller40 can be a micro-processor located within the standard control system of the vehicle, or any other type of controller. Theexample compressor20 is controlled by a proportional integral derivative (PID) control scheme.
FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of acontrol scheme100 for controlling anevaporator temperature114 by adjusting thecompressor speed118. Initially atarget evaporator temperature110 is either input into thesystem100, or manufactured into thecontroller40 operating thecontrol scheme110. Asummation block112 subtracts anactual evaporator temperature114 from thetarget temperature110, and transfers the resultant value into aPID controller116. ThePID controller116 also accepts an input of anactual compressor speed118 which is determined by acompressor speed sensor120. When thePID controller116 performs a control cycle, it outputs acommand122 which pushes thecompressor124 toward the desiredcompressor speed118. Thecompressor speed118 affects theevaporator temperature114 in a predictable manner. For example, an increase in compressor speed causes a change in evaporator temperature in one direction, and a decrease in evaporator speed will cause a temperature movement in the other direction.
Theevaporator temperature114 is sensed by asensor128, which outputs theevaporator temperature114. The example control system shown inFIG. 2 includes a condition check within theevaporator temperature block114. The condition check evaluates a specific condition, such as evaporator temperature, and determines how much the condition has changed since the last control cycle. A control cycle is a single iteration of thecontrol scheme100 which determines an adjustment to the compressor speed using thecontrol scheme100. If the change in condition exceeds a predefined amount, a control cycle is performed.
Thecontrol system100, utilizes a double feedback loop, in that it uses thecurrent evaporator temperature114 compared with thetarget evaporator temperature110 as one input into thePID controller116. Thecontrol scheme100 also utilizes thecurrent compressor speed118 as a second input into thePID controller116. The feedback loops ensure that as the temperature of the evaporator approaches that of the desiredtarget temperature110, a progressively smaller input is sent to thePID controller116, thereby causing thePID controller116 to perform a smaller adjustment to thecompressor speed118.
FIG. 3 illustrates theexample control system100 ofFIG. 1, with a separateΔt check block210. Δt represents the difference between thecurrent evaporator temperature114 and theevaporator temperature114 from the previous evaporator temperature data reading from the evaporator temperature sensor. TheΔt check block210 prevents thePID controller116 from operating whenever Δt is below a predetermined value. This allows thePID controller210 to recalculate a desiredcompressor speed122 only when a speed correction is necessary. Each time theΔt check block210 passes a value to thesummation block112, it also stores that value as an “initial value.” The initial value is then compared to the incoming sensedevaporator temperature114 to determine the Δt value. When the Δt value exceeds a predetermined Δt value, theΔt check block210 passes thecurrent evaporator temperature114 to thesummation block112, and thePID controller116 operates a control iteration.
Alternatively, atiming component220 can be utilized to prompt operation of a control iteration, in addition to a change in condition prompting the control cycle, as is indicated in theΔt check block210. Thetiming component220 determines how much time has passed since a value has been passed to thesummation block112. If a predetermined maximum time has elapsed, theactual evaporator temperature114 is passed to thesummation block112 regardless of the Δt value. By way of example, the maximum time could be set to three minutes, thereby ensuring that the control scheme is operated at least every three minutes. This allows thecontrol system100 to make minor necessary adjustments to thecompressor speed118, without constant unnecessary adjustments to thecompressor speed118.
Illustrated inFIG. 4 is asample graph300 of evaporator temperature control operations using the above described system. In thegraph300, the line310 represents the temperature of the evaporator over time, theaxis312 represents temperature, and theaxis314 represents time. Each of thebars316 represent a control cycle which is run by the controller. Since the controller uses the Δt value to determine when to operate a control cycle, that is the control cycle is only run when Δt is greater than a certain number, the bars are closer together at the beginning of the time period when the temperature is changing at the fastest rate. As the time progresses and the temperature changes at a slower rate, the Δt minimum is not exceeded for longer periods, and thecontrol cycles316 are spaced farther apart. By the end of the time period the evaporator temperature310 has reached the desiredtemperature line318. The example system illustrated here includes the optional maximum time element described above, and as such the latest threecontrol cycles316 are evenly distributed and were initiated because a maximum time had elapsed since thelast control cycle316.
An example of the above described system uses the control scheme to drive an evaporator temperature to a desired value by adjusting a compressor speed. The system initially detects an actual evaporator temperature when it is first turned on, and this temperature is set as the initial operating condition. The control system then polls the evaporator temperature and compares actual temperatures to the initial operating condition. When the difference between the two values exceeds a predefined amount, the control scheme operates one cycle of the PID controller. The PID controller accepts the evaporator temperature as a control input and determines an adjustment to the compressor speed which is necessary to drive the evaporator temperature to the desired value. The controller then resets the “initial operating condition” to be the actual operating condition at the start of the control cycle, and the system returns to polling the actual evaporator temperature.
Although an example embodiment has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention.