US20110103349A1 - Method and system for processing handover in heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks and mip client device - Google Patents
Method and system for processing handover in heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks and mip client deviceDownload PDFInfo
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- US20110103349A1 US20110103349A1US13/001,613US200913001613AUS2011103349A1US 20110103349 A1US20110103349 A1US 20110103349A1US 200913001613 AUS200913001613 AUS 200913001613AUS 2011103349 A1US2011103349 A1US 2011103349A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
- H04W36/0019—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection adapted for mobile IP [MIP]
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
- H04W36/0022—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection for transferring data sessions between adjacent core network technologies
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/08—Reselecting an access point
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
- H04W36/144—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
- H04W36/144—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology
- H04W36/1446—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology wherein at least one of the networks is unlicensed
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
- H04W80/04—Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
- H04W36/005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off involving radio access media independent information, e.g. MIH [Media independent Hand-off]
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/12—Setup of transport tunnels
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/30—Connection release
- H04W76/32—Release of transport tunnels
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
- H04W80/04—Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
- H04W80/045—Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol] involving different protocol versions, e.g. MIPv4 and MIPv6
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements
Definitions
- Exemplary embodiments of the present inventionrelate to a method for processing handover to provide IP mobility for mobile user equipment, a system thereof, and a Mobile IP (MIP) client device; and, more particularly, to a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkS, a system thereof, and a MIP client device, which are for providing mobility of mobile user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkS where a method for providing mobility for mobile user equipment is changed to a Client Mobile IP (CMIP) scheme or a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) scheme according to the network to be accessed.
- CMIPClient Mobile IP
- PMIPProxy Mobile IP
- CMIPclient mobile Internet protocol
- PMIPproxy mobile Internet protocol
- IPhybrid mobile Internet protocol
- CMIP IP version 4or a PMIP IP version 4 is described.
- present inventionis not limited thereto.
- present inventionmay be applied to an IP version 6 of CHIP and PMIP.
- CMIPcomplementary metal-oxide-semiconductor
- HAhome agent
- F CoAForeign Agent Care-of-Address
- an embodiment of the present inventionis described based on CMIP that operates in a CCoA mode without loading IP mobility at an access router.
- the present inventionmay be applied to CMIP that operates in a FA CoA mode.
- An application scope of the present inventionis not limited to a specific wireless access network.
- the present inventionmay be applied to at least two wireless access networks. Therefore, heterogeneous wireless access networks are described as a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) network and a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network in an embodiment of the present invention.
- WiMAXWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
- UMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System
- the present inventionis not limited thereto. That is, throughout the specification, an embodiment of the present invention is described based on a WiMAX network applied with CMIPv4 operating in a CCoA mode and a UMTS network applied with PMIPv4.
- PMIPv4Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
- a simultaneous binding modeis applied in an embodiment of the present invention.
- a home agentmaintains a CMIP tunnel created with mobile user equipment through a CMIP network and a PMIP tunnel created with an access gateway of a PMIP network when mobile user equipment moves between a CMIP network and a PMIP network.
- the present inventionis not limited thereto.
- the present inventionmay be applicable without the simultaneous binding mode. That is, the present invention may be applicable when a new PMIP tunnel (or a new CMIP tunnel) is created after canceling an existing CMIP tunnel (or an existing PMIP tunnel) during handover.
- a handover processis performed based on handover policy and network configuration information downloaded from a Media Independent Information server (MIIS) when mobile user equipment moves between a WiMAX network and a UMTS network.
- the MIISis defined in IEEE 802.21 access network Media Independent Handover (MIH). For this, it is assumed that an access gateway of a UMTS network includes a MIH function.
- the present inventionis not limited to IEEE 802.21 access network MIH.
- a handover processis performed between networks each supporting a different mobility protocol.
- a handover processis performed for moving from a PMIP network (UMTS network) to a CMIP network (WiMAX network) or for moving from a CMIP network (WiMAX network) to a PMIP network (UMTS network).
- UMTS networkPMIP network
- WiMAX networkCMIP network
- UMTS networkPMIP network
- a horizontal handover process or a vertical handover processis performed between networks supporting the same protocol according to a typical method. Accordingly, the detailed descriptions thereof are omitted because it is not necessary to describe the present invention.
- a portable communication devicesuch as a notebook computer supporting wireless network, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a portable telephone having a data transmission function
- PDApersonal digital assistant
- UEportable communication device
- IP mobility of user equipmenthave been increased as wireless Internet services have been activated based on different types of technologies such as a wireless local area network (WLAN), a 3G cellular system, and IEEE 802.16.
- WLANwireless local area network
- 3G cellular system3G cellular system
- IEEE 802.16IEEE 802.16
- CMIPClient Mobile Internet Protocol
- PMIPProxy Mobile IP
- CMIPmobile user equipment informs a home agent of a current location (IP mobility).
- IP mobilityIP mobility
- the CMIPrequires mobile user equipment to have a MIP client function.
- the mobile user equipmentregisters at the home agent using a MIP signaling message when the mobile equipment moves to other access point.
- CMIPOne of advantages of the CMIP is to provide client-server based IP mobility between mobile user equipment and a home agent by allocating a Collocated Care-of-Address (CCoA) to mobile user equipment without an additional function loaded at an existing access router for providing IP mobility.
- CoACollocated Care-of-Address
- the CMIPis ineffective in view of utilization of wireless resources and power consumption of user equipment because a location registration signal must be transmitted and received through a wireless period. Further, it is required to allocate a new IP address whenever user equipment changes a subnet. Accordingly, handover is disadvantageously delayed due to the allocation of new IP address. Moreover, user equipment must have a MIP function for the CMIP.
- the PMIPis a protocol providing network based IP mobility.
- the PMIPprovides IP mobility even to mobile user equipment not having a MIP function.
- an IP mobility providing function of an access routerperforms a location registration procedure instead of mobile equipment. Accordingly, the PMIP is effective in view of wireless resource utilization and power consumption because it is not required to transmit or to receive a location registration signal in a wireless section.
- the mobile user equipmentchanges a subnet, the mobile user equipment uses the same IP address. That is, it is not required to allocate a new IP address. Accordingly, handover delay may be reduced. Due to such advantages of the PMIP, the PMIP is included in a WiMAX Forum network Architecture Release Version 1.2.0.
- CMIP and the PMIPhave been designed to operate independently to provide IP mobility to user equipment. Due to such a reason, it has been required to embody a mobility protocol of a heterogeneous network as only one of the CMIP and the PMIP to provide a seamless service while mobile user equipment performs a handover process.
- mobile user equipmentcan receive a seamless service within a network supporting a CMIP if mobility is provided based on a CMIP.
- mobile user equipmentcan receive a seamless service within a network supporting a PMIP if mobility is provided based on a PMIP.
- the user equipment provided mobility based on a CHIPcannot have a seamless service if the user equipment enters to a network supporting a PMIP.
- the user equipment provided mobility based on a PMIPcannot have a seamless service if the user equipment enters to a network supporting a CMIP.
- an access routerIn order to realize all networks as a PMIP network, it is required to load an IP mobility providing function at an access router. Accordingly, an access router has to be replaced or modified in case of existing CHIP networks.
- An embodiment of the present inventionis directed to a method for processing handover to provide mobility of user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network, a system thereof, and a mobility Internet protocol (MIP) client device.
- MIPmobility Internet protocol
- Another embodiment of the present inventionis directed to a method for processing handover to provide IP mobility through handover between a CMIP network and a PMIP network, a system thereof, and a MIP client device.
- Still another embodiment of the present inventionis directed to a method for processing handover to provide mobility of mobile user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network where a mobility providing scheme is changed to a CMIP or a PMIP according to an access network, a system thereof, and a MIP client device.
- Yet another embodiment of the present inventionis directed to a method for process handover to provide IP mobility to user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network by applying a CMIP to a wireless access network having difficulty to modify an access router and by applying a PMIP to a wireless access network capable of modifying an access router, a system thereof, and a MIP client device.
- a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkincludes creating a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) tunnel at a home agent when user equipment accesses a PMIP network; creating a Client Mobile IP (CMIP) tunnel at the home agent when a CMIP network is accessed due to handover of the user equipment; and canceling the PMIP tunnel at the home agent when the user equipment completes performing handover.
- PMIPProxy Mobile IP
- CMIPClient Mobile IP
- a method for processing handoverincludes: being allocated with a home IP address to form a PMIP tunnel by accessing a PMIP network at user equipment; accessing a CMIP network when the user equipment decide to perform handover; forming a CMIP tunnel to a home agent at the user equipment; and canceling the PMIP tunnel by caning the PMIP network when the user equipment completes performing handover.
- a method for processing handoverincludes: forming a CMIP tunnel to a home agent by accessing a CMIP network at user equipment; forming a PMIP tunnel by informing beginning of handover according to a decision to perform handover at the user equipment; completing performing handover by accessing the PMIP network at the user equipment; and requesting the home agent to cancel the CMIP tunnel.
- a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed systemincludes an access gateway of a PMIP network configured to register an IP address of user equipment at a home agent by loading a Proxy Mobility Agent (PMA) when the user equipment accesses a PMIP network; and the home agent configured to register the IP address of the user equipment when the user equipment accesses the CMIP network, allocate a home IP address to the user equipment, create a CMIP tunnel to the user equipment, create a PMIP tunnel to an access gateway of the PMIP network according to the IP address registration of the user equipment through the access gateway of the PMIP network, allocate a home IP address to the user equipment, and cancel a MIP tunnel of a previous access network when the user equipment completes performing the handover.
- PMAProxy Mobility Agent
- a mobile IP client deviceincludes a MIP sensor configured to sense whether a network to be accessed is a CMIP network or a PMIP network; a first MODEM configured to perform wireless access to a base station of the PMIP network; a second MODEM configured to perform wireless access to a base station of the CMIP network; a MIP driver configured to provide IP mobility of user equipment by performing a MIP client function; and an access controller configure to drive one of the first MODEM and the second MODEM according to the sensing result of the MIP sensor and control driving the MIP driver.
- a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkincludes: allocating a home IP address to user equipment when the user equipment accesses a PMIP network, performing a binding process for the user equipment and transmitting and receiving data by generating a PMIP tunnel; starting handover to a CMIP network according to a decision to perform handover to the CMIP network; canceling the handover to the CMIP network when a handover process is decided to perform to the PMIP network before completing performing the handover to the CMIP network; and transmitting and receiving data through the CMIP network.
- a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkincludes: allocating a home IP address at user equipment when the user equipment accesses a CMIP network, performing a binding update process for the user equipment, and transmitting and receiving data by generating a CMIP tunnel; starting performing a handover process to a PMIP network according to a decision to perform handover to the PMIP network; canceling the handover to the PMIP network according to a re-decision to perform handover to the CMIP network before completing the handover to the PMIP network; and transmitting and receiving data through the CMIP network.
- a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkincludes: transmitting and receiving data by performing a CMIP registration procedure when user equipment accesses a CMIP network; maintaining a corresponding PMIP resource in an idle station by performing a PMIP network accessing process and a PMIP registration process during transmitting and receiving data; and performing a handover process by activating the PMIP resource in the idle state according to a decision to perform handover from a CMIP network to a PMIP network.
- a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkincludes: transmitting and receiving data by performing a PMIP registration procedure when user equipment accesses a PMIP network; maintaining a corresponding CMIP resource in an idle state by performing a CMIP access process and a CMIP registration process while transmitting and receiving data; and performing handover by activating the CMP resource in the idle state according to a decision to perform handover from a PMIP network to a CMIP network.
- the present inventionrelates to a hybrid mobile IP mechanism for interworking a WiMAX network and a UMTS network.
- IP mobility of mobile user equipmentis provided by a CMIP while the mobile user equipment is accessing one access network.
- the IP mobility of the mobile user equipmentis provided by a PMIP.
- the hybrid mobile IPprovides IP mobility handover between two access networks, one having a CMIP loaded and the other having a PMIP loaded.
- the embodiments of the present inventionprovide mobility of mobile user equipment by performing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network.
- the embodiments of the present inventionprovide a seamless service to one mobile user equipment in a PMIP network and a CMIP network.
- the embodiments of the present inventionprovide IP mobility to mobile user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network through interworking of a CMIP and a PMIP by applying a CMIP to a wireless access network having difficulty to modify an access router or by applying a PMIP to a wireless access network where an access router is easily modified.
- the embodiments of the present inventionenable handover between two networks when IP mobility is applied between a CMIP applied WiMAX network and a PMIP applied UMTS network. Accordingly, handover between heterogeneous wireless networks can be performed without interruption of communication.
- the continuity of an application servicecan be provided by performing handover between heterogeneous networks without interrupting communication.
- FIG. 1is a table illustrating standardization activities for interworking of different wireless access networks.
- FIG. 2is a diagram illustrating an interworking network architecture introduced in 3GPP and WiMAX forum.
- FIG. 3is a diagram illustrating a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4is a diagram illustrating a MIP client device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5is a diagram illustrating an initial access procedure for accessing a UMTS network.
- FIG. 6is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7is a diagram illustrating an initial access procedure for accessing a WiMAX network.
- FIG. 8is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1is a table illustrating standardization activities for interworking of wireless access networks.
- GSMGlobal Systems for Mobile communication
- WCDMAWideband Code Division Multiple Access
- CDMACode Division Multiple Access
- WiMAXWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
- Wi-FiWireless Fidelity
- 3GPP LTE3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution
- the table of FIG. 1shows standardization activities of 3GPP, WiMAX Forum, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
- 3GPPhas been standardizing network architecture for interworking between 3GPP access networks.
- the network architecturesupports interworking between a 3GPP based access network and non-3GPP access networks such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, and CDMA.
- FIG. 2is a diagram illustrating an interworking network introduced in 3GPP and WiMAX Forum. That is, FIG. 2 illustrates an interworking structure for interaction between WiMAX and 3GPP LTE defined in 3GPP TS 23.402 and a WiMAX Forum baseline draft.
- WiMAX accessis considered as a non-3GPP network having reliability
- an ASN_GWan access gateway of WiMAX is directly connected at 3GPP PDN-GW.
- an ASN-GWis directly connected to other network constituent element of PCRF, AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting), 3GPP PS core network.
- a non-3GPP networksuch as a Wireless local area network (WLAN) is connected to a PDN_GW through an ePDG.
- the ePDGperforms authentication, authorization, and accounting necessary for interworking with a network not having reliability instead of a 3GPP core network.
- the PDN-GWis an anchor point for interworking with other wireless access network.
- a home agent (HA) functionis a PDN-GW.
- a foreign agent (FA) functionmay include a GGSN, a S-GW, an ASN-GW, and an ePDG.
- 3GPP TS 23.402introduces three IP mobility protocols for interworking between 3GPP wireless access and non-3GPP wireless access.
- the three IP mobility protocolsare as follows.
- MOBIKEIKEv2 Mobility and Multihomming: RFC 4555
- An IP mobility solutionis a CMIP that operates in a CCoA mode.
- the CMIPdoes not require an access gateway such as a GGSN, a S-GW, an ASN-GW, and an ePDG to have a FA function.
- the CMIPalso allows mobile user equipment to directly register with own IP address at a home agent without help of a FA.
- An embodiment of the present inventionrelates to a hybrid mobile IP for interworking between heterogeneous wireless access networks.
- IP mobilitymay be provided by a CMIP operating in a CCoA mode.
- the IP mobility of mobile user equipmentmay be provided by one of a CMIP and a PMIP in a FA CoA mode.
- FIG. 3is a diagram illustrating a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3is a diagram for describing hybrid mobile IP operation. It illustrates hybrid mobile IP operation for handover between a WiMAX network and a UMTS network.
- a Gateway GPRS Support Node 30an access router of a UMTS network, includes a Proxy Mobile IPv4 (PMIP v4) Proxy Mobility Agent (PMA) function.
- PMIPProxy Mobile IP
- An Access Service Network Gateway 20 (ASN-GW) of the WiMAX networkdoes not include a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) function.
- IP mobilityis provided to the user equipment 10 by a CMIP operating in a CCoA mode.
- the user equipment 10registers an own IP address at a home agent (HA) 40 using the CMIP protocol.
- a correspondent node (CN) 50 communicating with the user equipment 10transmits and receives user traffic through the HA 40 .
- the GGSN 30senses it and the PMA function of the GGSN 30 registers the IP address of the mobile user equipment 10 to the HA 40 . While the mobile user equipment 10 is accessing the UMTS network, the CMIP function of the mobile user equipment 10 does not operate. The mobile user equipment 10 operates in simple IP mode.
- the CMIP function of the mobile user equipment 10operates again.
- the user trafficis transmitted and received through a MIP tunnel between the mobile user equipment and the home agent (HA).
- HAhome agent
- a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkincludes a WiMAX network with CMIP-CcoA mode applied and a UMTS network with PMIP applied.
- the WiMAX and the UMTS networkmay be overlapped to each other or independent from each other. Further, the WiMAX network and the UMTS network may be partially overlapped to each other.
- the ASN-GW 20 of the WiMAX networkmay not have any function for providing IP mobility and may include a Foreign Agent (FA) function for allocation a CCoA to the mobile user equipment 10 .
- FAForeign Agent
- Such an ASN-GW 20 of the WiMAX networkhas a function identical to that of an ASN-GW of a typical CMIP network.
- the GGSN 30 of the UMTS networkhas a PMIP function.
- Such a GGSN 30creates an IP tunnel with the HA 40 and performs a location registration of mobile user equipment 10 when handover is performed.
- the HA 40transfers data received from the mobile user equipment 10 to the correspondent node (CN) 50 through an IP tunnel or transfers data received from the CN 50 to the mobile user equipment 10 through the IP tunnel.
- CNcorrespondent node
- the HA 40has an access network detection function and a dual IP tunnel creation function. That is, the access network detection function determines whether the mobile user equipment 10 accesses a CMIP network or a PMIP network in order to enable interworking between the CMIP network and the PMIP network. Further, the dual IP tunnel creation function creates an IP tunnel to the mobile user equipment 10 or to the GGSN 30 .
- the access network detection functiondetects an access network of the mobile user equipment 10 through a source address recorded in a header of a message received in location registration of the mobile user equipment 10 , that is, when binding update is requested.
- the source addressmay be an address of the user mobile equipment when the mobile user equipment 10 accesses the CMIP network (i.e., WiMAX network in FIG. 3 ). Further, the source address may be an address of the GGSN 30 when the mobile equipment 10 accesses the PMIP network (i.e., WiMAX network in FIG. 3 ).
- the access network detection functionuses a network identifier included in a MIP registration message received in location registration of the mobile user equipment 10 (when binding update is requested) to determine whether the mobile user equipment 10 access the CMIP network or the PMIP network.
- the network identifiermay be a mobility protocol identifier, and the network identifier may be included an option field of a MIP registration message.
- the network identifiermay be one of a code informing that the mobile user equipment 10 accesses the CMIP network or a code informing that the mobile user equipment 10 accesses the PMIP network.
- the dual IP tunnel creation functionmay create an IP tunnel differently according to a network that the mobile user equipment 10 accesses. That is, the HA 40 performs the dual IP tunnel creation function to create an IP tunnel to the mobile user equipment 10 when the mobile user equipment 10 accesses the CMIP network and to create an IP tunnel to the GGSN 30 when the mobile user equipment 10 accesses the PMIP network.
- the IP tunnel from the HA 40 to the mobile user equipment 10is referred as a CMIP tunnel
- the IP tunnel from the HA 40 to the GGSN 30is referred as a PMIP tunnel.
- the mobile user equipment 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventionincludes constituent elements to seamlessly access a PMIP network or a CMIP network and being provided with mobility according to CMIP or PMIP.
- a MIP client device of the mobile user equipment 10is shown in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 4is a diagram illustrating a MIP client device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the MIP client devicein accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a MIP sensor 11 , an access controller 12 , a UMTS MODEM 13 , a WiMAX MODEM 14 , and a MIP operation unit 15 .
- the MIP sensor 11senses a CMIP network or a PMIP network that the mobile user equipment 10 currently tries to access (initial access or handover access).
- the HIP sensor 11receives a signal transmitted from a base station (or Node-B (NB)) of an access network through a corresponding MODEM and analyzes the received signal to determine one of the CMIP network and the PMIP network.
- the signalmay be an advertisement message or a pilot signal.
- the MIP sensor 11receives a network identifier transmitted from one of a CMIP network and a PMIP network through a corresponding MODEM and analyzes the received network identifier to sense one of the CMIP network and the PMIP network. Further, the MIP sensor 11 determines one of the CMIP network and the PMIP network according to a CMIP access instruction or a PMIP access instruction input from a user.
- the access controller 12controls at least one of the WiMAX MODEM 14 and the UMTS MODEM 13 according to the sensing result of the MIP sensor 11 . Further, the access controller 12 controls the MIP operation unit 15 . The access controller 12 controls the WiMAX MODEM 14 and the MIP operation unit 15 to interwork each other when the mobile user equipment 10 accesses the CMIP network. Hereinafter, such interworking the MIP operation unit 15 with the UMTS MODEM 13 or the WiMAX MODEM 14 is referred as activation.
- the access controller 12may activate all of the UMTS MODEM 13 , the WiMAX MODEM 14 , and the MIP operation unit 15 . In this case, the access controller 12 temporally activates one of the UMTS MODEM 13 and the WiMAX MODEM 14 and puts it into an idle mode.
- the UMTS MODEM 13is in charge of wireless accessing with a base station of a PMIP network
- the WiMAX MODEM 14is in charge of wireless accessing with a base station of a CMIP network.
- the MIP operation unit 15performs a MIP client function to provide IP mobility of the mobile user equipment according to CMIP and is mounted at an IF spec of the mobile user equipment 10 .
- FIG. 5is a timing diagram illustrating an initial access procedure for accessing a UMTS network.
- 3GPP specificationdefines an initial access procedure for accessing a UMTS network at mobile user equipment. Additional signaling procedure for driving Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) is a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message and a Proxy ReQuest (PRRP) message exchanged between the PMA function of GGSN and the HA.
- PMIPProxy Mobile IP
- PRRQProxy Registration ReQuest
- PRRPProxy ReQuest
- the HAWhen the HA receives a PRRQ message from the GGSN, the HA allocates a Home IP address (HoA) for mobile user equipment and transfers a PRRP message with a corresponding IP address to the GGSN.
- the GGSNnotifies the allocated IP address to the mobile user equipment using a PDP context message.
- the mobile user equipmentAfter allocating the IP address to the mobile user equipment, the mobile user equipment performs registration at a MIH Information Server (MIIS) and downloads handover related policy and network configuration information from the MIIS.
- MIISMIH Information Server
- the UMTS MODEM of the mobile user equipmentperforms a wireless access and authentication procedure for accessing the UMTS network. That is, the UMTS MODEM of the mobile user equipment performs the wireless access and authentication procedure with a GGSN using a L2 Connection Establish and Authentication message at step S 501 .
- the UMTS MODEM of the mobile user equipmentperforms a path establishment request procedure for the data service of the UMTS network. That is, the UMTS MODEM of the mobile user equipment requests ‘Packet Data Protocol Context’ activation to a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) using an ‘Activate Packet Data Protocol (PDP) Context Request’ message at step S 502 .
- the SGSNrequests the GGSN to create ‘Packet Data Protocol Context’ using a ‘Create PDP Context Request’ message.
- the GGSNrequests access permission to an AAA server and receives authentication from the AAA server.
- the GGSNperforms a PMIP registration procedure. That is, the GGSN requests registration to the Home Agent using a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message.
- PRRQProxy Registration ReQuest
- the Home Agentsecures and allocates an home IP address for the mobile user equipment and transfers the corresponding IP address to the GGSN by loading the corresponding IP address in the Proxy Registration RePly (PRRP) message.
- PRRPProxy Registration RePly
- the PMIP client device mounted at the GGSNperforms the PMIP registration procedure to the Home Agent.
- the GGSNtransfers an IP address to be allocated to the mobile user equipment to the SGSN using a ‘Create PDP Context Request’ message.
- the SGSNallocates the IP address to the mobile user equipment using an ‘Activate PDP Context Accept’ message.
- the mobile user equipmentAfter allocating the IP address to the mobile user equipment, the mobile user equipment transmits to a MIIS a MIH_Register-REQ message. Then, the MIIS performs a registration procedure for corresponding mobile user equipment and transmits a MIH_Register-RSP message to the mobile user equipment at step S 509 .
- the mobile user equipmentdownloads information about the policy of the heterogeneous protocol handover and network configuration, which are required to make decision for handover.
- FIG. 6is a flowchart illustrating a method for performing handover in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the flowchart of FIG. 6shows a handover signaling procedure from a UMTS network to a WiMAX network (a cancelation after connection scenario).
- a handover processmay be performed from the UMTS network to a WiMAX network.
- the mobile user equipmenttransmits a Handover Commit message to the GGSN.
- the mobile user equipmentreceives a Handover Commit response message from the GGSN, the mobile user equipment starts accessing the WiMAX network.
- the mobile user equipmenttransmits and receives user traffics through the UMT network.
- the mobile user equipmenttransmits a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message to the home agent (HA).
- RRQRegistration ReQuest
- the HAallows both of the UMTS network and the WiMAX network simultaneous binding.
- the HAmay transmit user traffic through the UMTS network and the WiMAX network at the same time.
- the mobile user equipmentreceives a Registration RePly (RRP) message, the mobile user equipment exchanges a Handover Complete message with the MIIS and severs the UMTS network access.
- RRPRegistration RePly
- the GGSNWhen the GGSN senses the access cancelation, the GGSN transmits to the HA a PRRQ message having lift time setup with 0. The HA receives the PRRQ message from the GGSN and severs a PMIP tunnel between the HA and the GGSN.
- the mobile user equipmentperforms a procedure for informing the MIIS of handover. If the MIIS has a function detecting a state of a target network to handover, the MIIS may advice the mobile user equipment through a response message transmitted to the mobile user equipment. For example, the MIIS may determine whether the target network to handover has sufficient wireless resources or not and may advise the mobile user equipment whether it is proper to perform the handover process or not based on the determination result.
- the mobile user equipmenttransmits a MIH_MN_HO_Commit-REQ message to the GGSN at step S 602 .
- the GGSNtransmits to the MIIS a MIH_N2N_HO Commit-REQ message and receives a MIH_N2N_HO Commit-RSP message as a response thereof at step S 603 .
- the GGSNtransmits the MIH_MN_HO_Commit-RSP message to the mobile user equipment.
- the mobile user equipmentperforms a wireless access and authentication procedure for accessing the WiMAX network at steps S 605 to S 610 .
- the mobile user equipmentcontrols timing of a wireless signal according to a distance between a base station and a mobile user equipment and selects a frequency channel to be used using a procedure of transferring a RNG-REQ message to a base station of the WiMAX network and receiving a RNG-RSP message as a response thereof from the base station of the WiMAX network.
- the mobile user equipmentnegotiates a providing function with the base station using a procedure of transferring a SS Basic Capability request (SBC-REQ) message to the base station of WiMAX network and receiving a SBC response (SBC-RSP) message from the base station of WiMAX network as a response thereof.
- SBC-REQSS Basic Capability request
- SBC-RSPSBC response
- the mobile user equipmentrequests authentication using a Primary Key Management (PKM) request (PKM-REQ) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network.
- PLMPrimary Key Management
- PEM-REQPrimary Key Management
- an authentication procedureis performed through an EPA request (EPA-REQ) message between the base station of WiMAX network and an ASN-GW of the WiMAX network and an Access Request/Accept message between the ASN-GW of the WiMAX network and the AAA server.
- PKM-RSPPKM response
- step S 608negotiation with a network for Internet service is requested using a Registration Request (REG-REQ) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network.
- the negotiation procedureis performed for the Internet service through a Registration Request (REG-REQ) message and a Registration Response (REG-RSP) message between the base station of WiMAX network and the ASN-GW of WiMAX network.
- the negotiation resultis transferred using a REG response (REG-RSP) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network.
- REG-REQRegistration Request
- REG-RSPRegistration Response
- the mobile user equipmentperforms a service flow generation procedure for Internet service using a Dynamic Service Addition REQuest (DSA-REQ) message, a DSA response (DSA-RSP) message, and a DSA acknowledgement (DSA-ASK) between the base station of WiMAX network and the mobile user equipment at step S 609 .
- DSA-REQDynamic Service Addition REQuest
- DSA-RSPDSA response
- DSA-ASKDSA acknowledgement
- the mobile user equipmentperforms a CCoA allocation procedure to allocate an IP address through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). That is, the mobile user equipment requests IP allocation by transferring a DHCP Discover message to an ASN-GW of WiMAX network through the base station of WiMAX network.
- the ASN-GWreceives the DHCP Discover message and receives an IP address to be allocated to the mobile user equipment from the home agent. Then, the ASN-GW of WiMAX network informs that the corresponding IP address is available by transferring the IP address transferred from the home agent to the mobile user equipment through a DHCP Offer message.
- DHCPDynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- the mobile user equipmentinforms an intention of using the IP address by transferring a DHCP Request message to the ASN-GW of WIMAX network. Then, the ASN-GW of WIMAX network finally allows the mobile user equipment to use the corresponding IP address by transferring a DHCP ACK message to the mobile user equipment.
- the mobile user equipmentAfter finishing the WiMAX network access procedure, the mobile user equipment performing CMIP registration to the HA by transferring a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message to the HA at step S 611 .
- the HAallows simultaneous binding to both of the UMTS network and the WiMAX network if a S bit of the RRQ message header is setup as 1.
- the HAcan transmit user traffic to both of the UMTS network and the WiMAX network at the same time. That is, a CMIP tunnel is established to the mobile user equipment while maintaining an existing PMIP tunnel according to the simultaneous binding. Accordingly, user traffic can be transmitted to the UMTS network and the WiMAX network at the same time.
- the CMIP client included in the mobile user equipmentsubstantially performs a CMIP registration procedure with the Home Agent.
- the mobile user equipmentAfter the mobile user equipment receives the RRP message from the HA at step S 612 , the mobile user equipment performs a procedure of informing the MIIS of handover completion at steps S 613 to S 615 .
- the MIISnotices the handover completion to the GGSN of the UMTS network which is a previous access network.
- MIH_MN_HO_Complete-REQMIH_MN_HO complete request
- MIH_N_HO_Complete-RSPMIH_N2N_HO complete response
- the GGSNWhen the mobile user equipment requests canceling a UMTS link to the GGSN at step S 616 , the GGSN performs a PMIP registration canceling procedure at steps S 617 and S 618 . That is, the GGSN requests cancelling registration by setting up a life time of a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message to ‘0’ at step S 617 .
- the home agenttransmits a Proxy Registration RePly (PRRP) message to the GGSN to sever a PMIP tunnel between the Home Agent and the GGSN.
- PRRPProxy Registration RePly
- a PMIP client included in the GGSNperforms the PMIP registration cancelation procedure with the home agent.
- the MIP sensor 11 of the mobile user equipment 10monitors a network to access when power is turned on, when a user request Internet service, or when a user gives instruction of accessing a predetermined network. In the network monitoring procedure, it is assumed that the IMP sensor 11 senses accessing the PMIP network.
- the access controller 12activates the UMTS MODEM 13 . Accordingly, the UMTS MODEM 13 performs an accessing try procedure for resource negotiation between a base station and a GGSN 30 for accessing the UMTS network and for exchanging information between the mobile user equipment 10 and a base station.
- the GGSN 30performs authentication of the mobile user equipment 10 through an AAA server located at the UMTS network.
- the AAA server of the PMIP networkshares authentication of the mobile user equipment 10 with an AAA server of the CMIP network for interworking with the CMIP network.
- the mobile user equipmentaccesses the GGSN 30 by the UMTS MODEM 13 , and the GGSN 30 receives a HoA from the HA 40 .
- the GGSN 30provides the received HoA to the mobile user equipment 10 and requests binding update (location registration) of the mobile user equipment 10 to the HA 40 using own address as a CCoA address.
- binding updatelocation registration
- a network identifieris transmitted to inform accessing the PMIP network.
- the HA 40detects that an access network currently accessed by the mobile user equipment 10 is the PMIP network based on the network identifier.
- the HA 40performs binding update, transmits the binding update result to the GGSN 30 , and generates a PMIP tunnel between the HA 40 and the GGSN 30 .
- the mobile user equipment 10transmits and receives data to/from the correspondent node 50 through the PMIP tunnel.
- the MIP sensor 11 of the mobile user equipment 10When a user instructs accessing a CMIP network or when the mobile user equipment 10 enters the CMIP network from the PMIP network while the mobile user equipment 10 is transmitting and receiving data to/from the correspondent node 50 , the MIP sensor 11 of the mobile user equipment 10 generates a handover event. Then, the access controller 12 interrupts the operation of the UMTS MODEM 13 and activates the WiMAX MODEM 14 to instruct accessing the CHIP network.
- the WiMAX MODEM 14accesses the ASN-GS 20 through resource negotiation with a base station of the CMIP network and exchanging information.
- the MIP driver 15is allocated with an IP address such as CCoA through a DHCP procedure using a FA function of the ASN-GW.
- the mobile user equipment 10continuously uses the HoA previously allocated from the PMIP network as a home address.
- the MIP driver 15requests binding update such as location registration to the HA 40 using the CCoA.
- binding updatesuch as location registration
- a network identifieris transmitted together to inform accessing the CMIP network.
- the HA 40detects a network currently accessed by the mobile user equipment 10 is a CMIP network.
- the HA 40performs binding update, transmits the binding update result to the mobile user equipment 10 , and creates a CMIP tunnel to the mobile user equipment 10 .
- the mobile user equipment 10transmits and receives data to/from the correspondent node 50 through the CMIP tunnel.
- the data transmission and reception between the mobile user equipment 10 and the correspondent node 50is performed through the PMIP tunnel before the CMIP tunnel is created.
- FIG. 7is a flowchart illustrating an initial access procedure for accessing a WiMAX network.
- An additional signaling procedure for driving CMIPis a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message and a Registration RePly (RRP) message exchanged between mobile user equipment and a Home Agent.
- RRQRegistration ReQuest
- RRPRegistration RePly
- the ASN-GWsecures an IP address to be used as a Care-of-Address (CoA) for the mobile user equipment and allocates the secured IP address to the mobile user equipment. Then, the mobile user equipment transmits the RRQ message to the HA.
- the HAreceives the RRQ message, secures a Home IP Address (HoA), and informs the mobile user equipment of the corresponding HoA by transmitting a Registration RePly (RRP) message to the mobile user equipment.
- CoACare-of-Address
- RRPRegistration RePly
- the mobile user equipmentAfter the HoA is allocated to the mobile user equipment, the mobile user equipment performs registration at a MIH Information Server (MIIS) and downloads from the MIIS heterogeneous handover related policy and network configuration information, which are required to decide handover.
- MIISMIH Information Server
- the mobile user equipmentperforms a wireless access and authentication procedure for accessing a WiMAX network.
- the mobile user equipmenttransfers a RNG request (RNG-REQ) message to a base station of WiMAX network and receives a RNG response (RNG-RSP) message as a response thereof from the base station of WiMAX network, thereby controlling timing of a wireless signal according to a distance between the base station and the mobile user equipment and selecting a useable frequency channel.
- RNG-REQRNG request
- RNG-RSPRNG response
- the mobile user equipmentnegotiates with the base station to provide related functions using a procedure of transferring a SS Basic Capability request (SBC-REQ) message to the base station of WiMAX network and receiving a SBC response (SBC-RSP) message from the base station of WiMAX network.
- SBC-REQSS Basic Capability request
- SBC-RSPSBC response
- step S 703when authentication is requested using a Primary Key Management request (PKM-REQ) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network, an authentication procedure is performed using an EPA request (EPA-REQ) message and an EPA response (EPA-RSP) message between the base station of WiMAX network and the ASN-GW of WIMAX network, and an access request/accept message between the ASN-GW of WIMAX network and an AAA server.
- PKM-RSPPKM response
- step S 704when requesting negotiation for Internet service using a registration request (REG-REQ) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network, the negotiation procedure for Internet service is performed using a REG-REQ message and a REG-RSP message between the base station of WiMAX network and the ASN-GW of WIMAX network. Then, the negotiation result is transferred through a REG-RSP message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network.
- REG-REQregistration request
- the mobile user equipmentperforms a service flow generation procedure for Internet service using a Dynamic Service Addition REQuest (DSA-REQ) message, a DSA RESponse (DSA-RSP) message, and a DSA Acknowledgment (DSA-ACK) message between the base station of WiMAX network and the mobile user equipment.
- DSA-REQDynamic Service Addition REQuest
- DSA-RSPDSA RESponse
- DSA-ACKDSA Acknowledgment
- the mobile user equipmentperforms a CCoA allocation procedure for allocation an IP address through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). That is, the mobile user equipment requests IP allocation by transferring a DHCP Discover message to the ASN-GW of WIMAX network through the base station of WiMAX network.
- the ASN-GW of WIMAX network receiving the DHCP Discover messageis provided with the IP address allocated to the mobile user equipment from the Home Agent.
- the ASN-GW of WIMAX networktransfers the provided IP address from the home agent to the mobile user equipment through a DHCP Offer message, thereby informing that the corresponding IP address is a usable IP address.
- DHCPDynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- the mobile user equipmenttransfers a DHCP Request message to the ASN-GW of WIMAX network, thereby notifying an intention of using the corresponding IP address. Then, the ASN-GW of WIMAX network finally allows the mobile user equipment to use the corresponding IP address by transferring a DHCP ACK message to the mobile user equipment.
- the mobile user equipmenttransfers a Registration REQuest (RRQ) message at step S 707 and receives a Registration RePly (RRP) message from the HA at step S 708 to perform a CMIP registration procedure.
- RRQRegistration REQuest
- RRPRegistration RePly
- a CMIP client included in the mobile user equipmentperforms the CMIP registration procedure with the home agent.
- MIH_Register-REQMIH registration REQuest
- MIH_Register-RSPMIH registration response
- the mobile user equipmentAfter the mobile user equipment accesses the WiMAX network, the mobile user equipment transmits and receives user traffic through the WiMAX network.
- handovermay be performed from the WiMAX network to the UMTS network.
- the mobile user equipmentAfter deciding to perform the handover process, the mobile user equipment transmits a Handover Commit message to the MIIS.
- the MIIStransmits the Handover Commit message to a target GGSN of the UMTS network.
- the GGSNreceives the Handover Commit message and performs a PMIP registration procedure. If a S bit of a PRRQ message header is setup as “1”, the HA allows simultaneous biding.
- the mobile user equipmentWhen the mobile user equipment receives a Handover Commit response message, the mobile user equipment starts accessing the UMTS network. Before the mobile user equipment completely accesses the UMTS network, the mobile user equipment uses the WiMAX network to transmit and receive user traffic.
- the mobile user equipmentAfter the mobile user equipment completely accesses the UMTS network, the mobile user equipment exchanges a Handover Complete message with the GGSN and transmits a RRQ message to the HA by setting up a lift time of the RRQ message as “0”.
- the HAreceives the RRQ message and severs a CMIP tunnel between the mobile user equipment and the HA.
- the GGSNtransmits a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message to the HA at step S 805 and receives a Registration RePly (RRP) message as a response thereof from the HA at step S 806 , thereby performing a PMIP registration procedure.
- RRQRegistration ReQuest
- RRPRegistration RePly
- the HAallows simultaneous binding to the WiMAX network and the UMTS network.
- the HAcan transmit user traffic to the WiMAX network and the UMTS network at the same time. That is, a PMIP tunnel is established to the GGSN while maintaining an existing CMIP tunnel according to the simultaneous binding. Accordingly, user traffic can be transmitted to the WiMAX network and the UMTS network at the same time.
- the GGSNtransfers an IP address to be allocated to the mobile user equipment to the SGSN using a Create PDP Context Req message.
- the SGSNallocates the IP address to the mobile user equipment using an Activate PDP Context Accept message.
- the mobile user equipmentperforms a procedure for informing the MIIS of handover completion as follows.
- the mobile user equipmenttransmits a MIH_MN_HO complete request (MIH_MN_HO_Complete-REQ) message to the GGSN.
- the GGSNtransmits the MIH_N2N_HO complete request (MIH_N2N_HO_Complete-REQ) message to the MIIS and receives a MIH_N2N_HO complete response (MIH_N2N_HO_Complete-RSP) message as a response thereof.
- the GGSNtransmits a MIH_MN_HO complete response (MIH_MN_HO_Complete-RSP) message to the mobile user equipment.
- the mobile user equipmentrequests the home agent to sever registration by setting up a lift time of the Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message as ‘0’.
- the Home Agenttransmits a Registration RePly (RRP) message to the mobile user equipment, thereby canceling a CMIP tunnel between the Home Agent and the mobile user equipment. Then, the mobile user equipment requests the base station of WiMAX network to cancel a WiMAX link at step S 818 .
- RRPRegistration RePly
- FIG. 9is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the handover processing method according to the third embodiment of the present inventionis performed when mobile user equipment 10 enters a PMIP network again before the mobile user equipment 10 completely performs a handover process from a PMIP network to a CMIP network. Such a case may happen when the mobile user equipment 10 moves at a fast speed through a locally formed CMIP network or when a user instructs accessing the PMIP network.
- the UMTS MODEM 13establishes connection to the GGSN 30 , and the GGSN 30 is provided with a HoA from the HA 40 , provides the HoA to the mobile user equipment 10 , and requests the HA 40 binding update for the mobile user equipment 10 using own address as a temporal address (CCoA).
- a network identifier informing accessing the PMIP networkis transmitted together.
- the HA 40detects that a network currently accessed by the mobile use equipment is the PMIP network based on the network identifier.
- the mobile user equipment 10uses the PMIP tunnel to exchange data with a correspondent node 50 .
- the MIP sensor 11 of the mobile user equipment 10creates a handover event while the mobile user equipment 10 is transmitting and receiving data to/from the correspondent node 50 if a user instructs accessing the CMIP network or if the mobile user equipment 10 gets out of the PMIP network and enters the CMIP network.
- the access controller 12interrupts the operation of the UMTS MODEM 13 and activates the WiMAX MODEM 14 to access the WiMAX network. Accordingly, the WiMAX MODEM 14 accesses the ASN-GW 20 through resource negotiation and information exchange with the base station of the CMIP network.
- the MIP driver 15receives an IP address (CCoA) using a FA function of the ASN-GW or through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCA) procedure.
- the mobile user equipment 10uses a HoA previously allocated from the PMIP network as a home address.
- the access controller 12determine cancelation of the handover process to the CMIP network at step S 912 .
- the access controller 12interrupts the operation of the WiMAX MODEM 14 and activates the UMTS MODEM 13 .
- the mobile user equipment 10uses the previous PMIP tunnel created before the CMIP tunnel is created according to the generation of the handover event from the PMIP network to the CMIP network. Since the handover cancelation procedure (S 912 ) is performed prior to the generation of the CMIP tunnel, the PMIP tunnel can be maintained as it is. Therefore, the mobile user equipment 10 can continuously transmit and receive data to/from the correspondent node 50 through the PMIP network only by activating the UMTS MODEM 413 .
- the access controller 12activates the WiMAX MODEM 14 at step S 1002 .
- the WiMAX MODEM 14performs an access try procedure for negotiating a base station for resources to access the CMIP network at step S 1003 .
- the ASN-GW 20authenticates the mobile user equipment 10 through a first AAA server located at the CMIP network.
- the first AAA servershares the authentication result with a second AAA server located at the PMIP network for interworking with the PMIP network.
- the WiMAX MODEM 14establishes connection to the ASN-GW 20 .
- the ASN-GW 20includes a FA function
- the ASN-GW 20creates a CCoA and allocates the CCoA to the mobile user equipment 10 .
- the ASN-GW 20does not include the FA function
- the mobile user equipment 10is allocated with a dynamic IP address through a DHCP procedure and uses the allocated IP address as a CCoA at step S 1006 .
- the mobile user equipment 10uses a fixed IP as a HoA if the mobile user equipment 10 is allocated with a HoA from the HA 40 or is in an IPv6 environment.
- the mobile user equipment 10requests registration to the HA 40 by the MIP driver 15 using a BU message and is allocated a Home IP address.
- the BU messageincludes a network identifier informing accessing the CMIP network.
- the HA 40uses the network identifier to detect that a network currently accessed by the mobile user equipment 10 is the CMIP network at step S 1008 .
- CMIP tunnelis created between the mobile user equipment 10 and the HA 40 .
- the access controller 12 of the mobile user equipment 10activates the UMTS MODEM 13 and accesses the GGSN 30 of the PMIP network.
- the mobile user equipment 10informs the GGSN 30 of temporal access.
- the GGSN 30requests the HA 40 to perform binding update for the mobile user equipment 10 using own address as a CCoA according to the temporal access of the mobile user equipment 10 and transmits a temporal access identifier to inform the temporal access at step S 1013 .
- the mobile user equipment 10may provide a temporal access informing message to the HA 40 through the CMIP network in order to inform the HA 40 of the temporal access.
- the GGSN 30can omit performing a process of receiving the HoA from the HA 40 .
- the HA 40determines based on the temporal access identifier that the mobile user equipment 10 tries to access the PMIP network in advance, not try to handover to the PMIP network.
- the HA 40performs binding update for the location of the mobile user equipment 10 with a CCoA transferred when requesting binding update and creates a PMIP tunnel to the GGSN 30 at step S 1015 . Then, the created PMIP tunnel is managed as an idle state at step S 1016 .
- the idle statemeans a state that maintains the created PMIP tunnel without using.
- the mobile user equipment 10can omit a procedure of accessing the PMIP network by changing the UMTS MODEM 13 from the IDLE mode to the activation mode at step S 1018 .
- the HA 40activates the PMIP tunnel, which is in an idle state, and severs the CMIP tunnel at step S 1019 .
- the mobile user equipment 10can transmit and receive data with the correspondent node 50 through the PMIP tunnel after the handover process is completed at step S 1020 .
- the mobile user equipment 10accesses the PMIP network in advance to prepare the handover process while receiving a data service by accessing the CHIP network.
- the mobile user equipment 10may access the CMIP network to prepare the handover process while receiving a data service by accessing the PMIP network.
- the above-described methodscan also be embodied as computer programs. Codes and code segments constituting the programs may be easily construed by computer programmers skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Furthermore, the created programs may be stored in computer-readable recording media or data storage media and may be read out and executed by the computers. Examples of the computer-readable recording media include any computer-readable recoding media, e.g., intangible media such as carrier waves, as well as tangible media such as CD or DVD.
- the present inventionmay be used in a wireless communication network including heterogeneous protocols such as a Client Mobile IP (CMIP) and a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP).
- CMIPClient Mobile IP
- PMIPProxy Mobile IP
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Abstract
Description
- Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for processing handover to provide IP mobility for mobile user equipment, a system thereof, and a Mobile IP (MIP) client device; and, more particularly, to a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkS, a system thereof, and a MIP client device, which are for providing mobility of mobile user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networkS where a method for providing mobility for mobile user equipment is changed to a Client Mobile IP (CMIP) scheme or a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) scheme according to the network to be accessed.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a client mobile Internet protocol (CMIP) and a proxy mobile Internet protocol (PMIP) will be described as an example of a heterogeneous mobility protocol. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. A method for processing handover between two different mobility protocols such as CMIP and PMIP is referred as a hybrid mobile Internet protocol (IP).
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a CMIP IP version 4 or a PMIP IP version 4 is described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The present invention may be applied to an IP version 6 of CHIP and PMIP.
- In case of CMIP, mobile user equipment and a home agent (HA) operate in a Collocated Care-of-Address (CCoA) mode where client-server based IP mobility is provided by allocating a CCoA to mobile user equipment without including an additional function for providing IP mobility at an access router. Alternately, mobile user equipment and a home agent (HA) may operate in a Foreign Agent Care-of-Address (FA CoA) mode by loading IP mobility at an existing access router. Accordingly, an embodiment of the present invention is described based on CMIP that operates in a CCoA mode without loading IP mobility at an access router. However, the present invention may be applied to CMIP that operates in a FA CoA mode.
- An application scope of the present invention is not limited to a specific wireless access network. The present invention may be applied to at least two wireless access networks. Therefore, heterogeneous wireless access networks are described as a Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) network and a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network in an embodiment of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, throughout the specification, an embodiment of the present invention is described based on a WiMAX network applied with CMIPv4 operating in a CCoA mode and a UMTS network applied with PMIPv4. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Hereinafter, an access network with CMIP applied to is referred as a CMIP network, and an access network with PMIP applied to is referred as a PMIP network.
- A simultaneous binding mode is applied in an embodiment of the present invention. In the simultaneous binding mode, a home agent maintains a CMIP tunnel created with mobile user equipment through a CMIP network and a PMIP tunnel created with an access gateway of a PMIP network when mobile user equipment moves between a CMIP network and a PMIP network. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The present invention may be applicable without the simultaneous binding mode. That is, the present invention may be applicable when a new PMIP tunnel (or a new CMIP tunnel) is created after canceling an existing CMIP tunnel (or an existing PMIP tunnel) during handover.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a handover process is performed based on handover policy and network configuration information downloaded from a Media Independent Information server (MIIS) when mobile user equipment moves between a WiMAX network and a UMTS network. The MIIS is defined in IEEE 802.21 access network Media Independent Handover (MIH). For this, it is assumed that an access gateway of a UMTS network includes a MIH function. However, the present invention is not limited to IEEE 802.21 access network MIH.
- In an embodiment of the present invention, a handover process is performed between networks each supporting a different mobility protocol. For example, a handover process is performed for moving from a PMIP network (UMTS network) to a CMIP network (WiMAX network) or for moving from a CMIP network (WiMAX network) to a PMIP network (UMTS network). Meanwhile, a horizontal handover process or a vertical handover process is performed between networks supporting the same protocol according to a typical method. Accordingly, the detailed descriptions thereof are omitted because it is not necessary to describe the present invention.
- Lately, various types of portable communication devices such as a notebook computer supporting wireless network, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a portable telephone having a data transmission function have been popular. Hereinafter, such a portable communication device is referred as user equipment (UE) through the specification. Further, the necessity of IP mobility of user equipment have been increased as wireless Internet services have been activated based on different types of technologies such as a wireless local area network (WLAN), a 3G cellular system, and IEEE 802.16. The providing IP mobility of user equipment means that a seamless service is guaranteed when an IP address is changed because user equipment changes a subnet.
- Due to the necessity of IP mobility, various methods have been introduced to provide IP mobility to mobile user equipment. As one of representative technologies for providing IP mobility, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has introduced a Client Mobile Internet Protocol (CMIP) and a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP). Here, the PMIP has been in progress for standardization. Particularly, an IP version 6 of PMIP has been completely standardized, and an IP version 4 of PMIP has been in progress for standardization.
- In the CMIP, mobile user equipment informs a home agent of a current location (IP mobility). For this, the CMIP requires mobile user equipment to have a MIP client function. The mobile user equipment registers at the home agent using a MIP signaling message when the mobile equipment moves to other access point.
- One of advantages of the CMIP is to provide client-server based IP mobility between mobile user equipment and a home agent by allocating a Collocated Care-of-Address (CCoA) to mobile user equipment without an additional function loaded at an existing access router for providing IP mobility.
- However, the CMIP is ineffective in view of utilization of wireless resources and power consumption of user equipment because a location registration signal must be transmitted and received through a wireless period. Further, it is required to allocate a new IP address whenever user equipment changes a subnet. Accordingly, handover is disadvantageously delayed due to the allocation of new IP address. Moreover, user equipment must have a MIP function for the CMIP.
- In order to compensate such disadvantages of CMIP, the IETF has been standardizing a PMIP. The PMIP is a protocol providing network based IP mobility. The PMIP provides IP mobility even to mobile user equipment not having a MIP function.
- In the PMIP, an IP mobility providing function of an access router performs a location registration procedure instead of mobile equipment. Accordingly, the PMIP is effective in view of wireless resource utilization and power consumption because it is not required to transmit or to receive a location registration signal in a wireless section. Although the mobile user equipment changes a subnet, the mobile user equipment uses the same IP address. That is, it is not required to allocate a new IP address. Accordingly, handover delay may be reduced. Due to such advantages of the PMIP, the PMIP is included in a WiMAX Forum network Architecture Release Version 1.2.0.
- However, the CMIP and the PMIP have been designed to operate independently to provide IP mobility to user equipment. Due to such a reason, it has been required to embody a mobility protocol of a heterogeneous network as only one of the CMIP and the PMIP to provide a seamless service while mobile user equipment performs a handover process.
- For example, mobile user equipment can receive a seamless service within a network supporting a CMIP if mobility is provided based on a CMIP. Or, mobile user equipment can receive a seamless service within a network supporting a PMIP if mobility is provided based on a PMIP. However, the user equipment provided mobility based on a CHIP cannot have a seamless service if the user equipment enters to a network supporting a PMIP. Or, the user equipment provided mobility based on a PMIP cannot have a seamless service if the user equipment enters to a network supporting a CMIP.
- Furthermore, the PMIP networks coexist with the CHIP networks because the PMIP and the CMIP were introduced at different times. Therefore, it has been required to develop a method for providing mobility of mobile user equipment to provide a seamless service although user equipment moves between the CMIP network and the PMIP network.
- In order to realize all networks as a PMIP network, it is required to load an IP mobility providing function at an access router. Accordingly, an access router has to be replaced or modified in case of existing CHIP networks.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the prior art problems.
- An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for processing handover to provide mobility of user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network, a system thereof, and a mobility Internet protocol (MIP) client device.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for processing handover to provide IP mobility through handover between a CMIP network and a PMIP network, a system thereof, and a MIP client device.
- Still another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for processing handover to provide mobility of mobile user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network where a mobility providing scheme is changed to a CMIP or a PMIP according to an access network, a system thereof, and a MIP client device.
- Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for process handover to provide IP mobility to user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network by applying a CMIP to a wireless access network having difficulty to modify an access router and by applying a PMIP to a wireless access network capable of modifying an access router, a system thereof, and a MIP client device.
- Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood by the following description, and become apparent with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Also, it is obvious to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains that the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means as claimed and combinations thereof.
- In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network includes creating a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) tunnel at a home agent when user equipment accesses a PMIP network; creating a Client Mobile IP (CMIP) tunnel at the home agent when a CMIP network is accessed due to handover of the user equipment; and canceling the PMIP tunnel at the home agent when the user equipment completes performing handover.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network includes: creating a CMIP tunnel at a home agent when user equipment accesses a CMIP network; creating a PMIP tunnel at the home agent when the user equipment decides to perform handover; and canceling the CMIP tunnel at the home agent when the user equipment completes performing handover by accessing the PMIP network.
- In accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing handover includes: being allocated with a home IP address to form a PMIP tunnel by accessing a PMIP network at user equipment; accessing a CMIP network when the user equipment decide to perform handover; forming a CMIP tunnel to a home agent at the user equipment; and canceling the PMIP tunnel by caning the PMIP network when the user equipment completes performing handover.
- In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing handover includes: forming a CMIP tunnel to a home agent by accessing a CMIP network at user equipment; forming a PMIP tunnel by informing beginning of handover according to a decision to perform handover at the user equipment; completing performing handover by accessing the PMIP network at the user equipment; and requesting the home agent to cancel the CMIP tunnel.
- In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed system includes an access gateway of a PMIP network configured to register an IP address of user equipment at a home agent by loading a Proxy Mobility Agent (PMA) when the user equipment accesses a PMIP network; and the home agent configured to register the IP address of the user equipment when the user equipment accesses the CMIP network, allocate a home IP address to the user equipment, create a CMIP tunnel to the user equipment, create a PMIP tunnel to an access gateway of the PMIP network according to the IP address registration of the user equipment through the access gateway of the PMIP network, allocate a home IP address to the user equipment, and cancel a MIP tunnel of a previous access network when the user equipment completes performing the handover.
- In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a mobile IP client device includes a MIP sensor configured to sense whether a network to be accessed is a CMIP network or a PMIP network; a first MODEM configured to perform wireless access to a base station of the PMIP network; a second MODEM configured to perform wireless access to a base station of the CMIP network; a MIP driver configured to provide IP mobility of user equipment by performing a MIP client function; and an access controller configure to drive one of the first MODEM and the second MODEM according to the sensing result of the MIP sensor and control driving the MIP driver.
- In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network includes: allocating a home IP address to user equipment when the user equipment accesses a PMIP network, performing a binding process for the user equipment and transmitting and receiving data by generating a PMIP tunnel; starting handover to a CMIP network according to a decision to perform handover to the CMIP network; canceling the handover to the CMIP network when a handover process is decided to perform to the PMIP network before completing performing the handover to the CMIP network; and transmitting and receiving data through the CMIP network.
- In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network includes: allocating a home IP address at user equipment when the user equipment accesses a CMIP network, performing a binding update process for the user equipment, and transmitting and receiving data by generating a CMIP tunnel; starting performing a handover process to a PMIP network according to a decision to perform handover to the PMIP network; canceling the handover to the PMIP network according to a re-decision to perform handover to the CMIP network before completing the handover to the PMIP network; and transmitting and receiving data through the CMIP network.
- In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network includes: transmitting and receiving data by performing a CMIP registration procedure when user equipment accesses a CMIP network; maintaining a corresponding PMIP resource in an idle station by performing a PMIP network accessing process and a PMIP registration process during transmitting and receiving data; and performing a handover process by activating the PMIP resource in the idle state according to a decision to perform handover from a CMIP network to a PMIP network.
- In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network includes: transmitting and receiving data by performing a PMIP registration procedure when user equipment accesses a PMIP network; maintaining a corresponding CMIP resource in an idle state by performing a CMIP access process and a CMIP registration process while transmitting and receiving data; and performing handover by activating the CMP resource in the idle state according to a decision to perform handover from a PMIP network to a CMIP network.
- As described above, the present invention relates to a hybrid mobile IP mechanism for interworking a WiMAX network and a UMTS network. In a hybrid mobile IP system, IP mobility of mobile user equipment is provided by a CMIP while the mobile user equipment is accessing one access network. When the user equipment moves to the other access network, the IP mobility of the mobile user equipment is provided by a PMIP.
- The hybrid mobile IP provides IP mobility handover between two access networks, one having a CMIP loaded and the other having a PMIP loaded.
- As described above, the embodiments of the present invention provide mobility of mobile user equipment by performing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network.
- That is, the embodiments of the present invention provide a seamless service to one mobile user equipment in a PMIP network and a CMIP network. In other words, the embodiments of the present invention provide IP mobility to mobile user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network through interworking of a CMIP and a PMIP by applying a CMIP to a wireless access network having difficulty to modify an access router or by applying a PMIP to a wireless access network where an access router is easily modified.
- Further, the embodiments of the present invention enable handover between two networks when IP mobility is applied between a CMIP applied WiMAX network and a PMIP applied UMTS network. Accordingly, handover between heterogeneous wireless networks can be performed without interruption of communication.
- Moreover, the continuity of an application service can be provided by performing handover between heterogeneous networks without interrupting communication.
FIG. 1 is a table illustrating standardization activities for interworking of different wireless access networks.FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an interworking network architecture introduced in 3GPP and WiMAX forum.FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a MIP client device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an initial access procedure for accessing a UMTS network.FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an initial access procedure for accessing a WiMAX network.FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed networks in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.- Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be constructed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Throughout the disclosure, like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various figures and embodiments of the present invention. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and in some instances, proportions may have been exaggerated in order to clearly illustrate features of the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a table illustrating standardization activities for interworking of wireless access networks.- Lately, various types of wireless access networks have been embodied all over the world. Accordingly, many researches and studies have been made for interworking of Global Systems for Mobile communication (GSM), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Wi-Fi, and 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution (3GPP LTE). Function architecture has been standardized to provide interworking between such access networks.
- The table of
FIG. 1 shows standardization activities of 3GPP, WiMAX Forum, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Like LTE, HSPA/WCDMA, and GSM, 3GPP has been standardizing network architecture for interworking between 3GPP access networks. The network architecture supports interworking between a 3GPP based access network and non-3GPP access networks such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi, and CDMA. - A Client Mobile IP (CMIP) and a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) have been considered as a candidate for a mobility protocol for a 3GPP structure for interworking with other access network. In the WiMAX Forum, a 3GPP interaction structure has been modified as a baseline framework for interaction.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an interworking network introduced in 3GPP and WiMAX Forum. That is,FIG. 2 illustrates an interworking structure for interaction between WiMAX and 3GPP LTE defined in 3GPP TS 23.402 and a WiMAX Forum baseline draft.- In such a structure, WiMAX access is considered as a non-3GPP network having reliability, and an ASN_GW, an access gateway of WiMAX is directly connected at 3GPP PDN-GW. Further, an ASN-GW is directly connected to other network constituent element of PCRF, AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting), 3GPP PS core network.
- Meanwhile, a non-3GPP network such as a Wireless local area network (WLAN) is connected to a PDN_GW through an ePDG. Here, the ePDG performs authentication, authorization, and accounting necessary for interworking with a network not having reliability instead of a 3GPP core network. In such a structure, the PDN-GW is an anchor point for interworking with other wireless access network.
- When IP mobility function is configured for providing IP mobility, an optimal location for a home agent (HA) function is a PDN-GW. A foreign agent (FA) function may include a GGSN, a S-GW, an ASN-GW, and an ePDG.
- 3GPP TS 23.402 introduces three IP mobility protocols for interworking between 3GPP wireless access and non-3GPP wireless access. The three IP mobility protocols are as follows.
- (1) CMIP version 4 operating in a FA CoA mode
- (2) PMIP version 6
- (3) MOBIKE (IKEv2 Mobility and Multihomming: RFC 4555) for mobility management in non-3GPP network having no reliability
- An IP mobility solution, not considered in a 3GPP and WiMAX Forum, is a CMIP that operates in a CCoA mode. In the CCoA mode, the CMIP does not require an access gateway such as a GGSN, a S-GW, an ASN-GW, and an ePDG to have a FA function. The CMIP also allows mobile user equipment to directly register with own IP address at a home agent without help of a FA.
- An embodiment of the present invention relates to a hybrid mobile IP for interworking between heterogeneous wireless access networks. When mobile user equipment moves in a wireless network having an access gateway not having a FA function in case of a CMIP or not having a PMA/MAG function in case of a PMIP, IP mobility may be provided by a CMIP operating in a CCoA mode. When mobile user equipment moves to a wireless network having an access gateway having a FA function or a PMA/MAG function, the IP mobility of mobile user equipment may be provided by one of a CMIP and a PMIP in a FA CoA mode.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.- That is,
FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing hybrid mobile IP operation. It illustrates hybrid mobile IP operation for handover between a WiMAX network and a UMTS network. - A Gateway GPRS Support Node30 (GGSN), an access router of a UMTS network, includes a Proxy Mobile IPv4 (PMIP v4) Proxy Mobility Agent (PMA) function. An Access Service Network Gateway20 (ASN-GW) of the WiMAX network does not include a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) function.
- While
user equipment 10 is accessing the WiMAX network, IP mobility is provided to theuser equipment 10 by a CMIP operating in a CCoA mode. Theuser equipment 10 registers an own IP address at a home agent (HA)40 using the CMIP protocol. A correspondent node (CN)50 communicating with theuser equipment 10 transmits and receives user traffic through the HA40. - When the
mobile user equipment 10 performs handover to the UMTS network, theGGSN 30 senses it and the PMA function of theGGSN 30 registers the IP address of themobile user equipment 10 to the HA40. While themobile user equipment 10 is accessing the UMTS network, the CMIP function of themobile user equipment 10 does not operate. Themobile user equipment 10 operates in simple IP mode. - When the
mobile user equipment 10 performs handover from the UMT network to the WiMAX network, the CMIP function of themobile user equipment 10 operates again. The user traffic is transmitted and received through a MIP tunnel between the mobile user equipment and the home agent (HA). - Such hybrid mobile IP (IMP) operation will be described in detail hereinafter.
- As shown in
FIG. 3 , a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network includes a WiMAX network with CMIP-CcoA mode applied and a UMTS network with PMIP applied. The WiMAX and the UMTS network may be overlapped to each other or independent from each other. Further, the WiMAX network and the UMTS network may be partially overlapped to each other. - The ASN-
GW 20 of the WiMAX network may not have any function for providing IP mobility and may include a Foreign Agent (FA) function for allocation a CCoA to themobile user equipment 10. Such an ASN-GW 20 of the WiMAX network has a function identical to that of an ASN-GW of a typical CMIP network. - The
GGSN 30 of the UMTS network has a PMIP function. Such aGGSN 30 creates an IP tunnel with the HA40 and performs a location registration ofmobile user equipment 10 when handover is performed. - The HA40 transfers data received from the
mobile user equipment 10 to the correspondent node (CN)50 through an IP tunnel or transfers data received from theCN 50 to themobile user equipment 10 through the IP tunnel. - The HA40 has an access network detection function and a dual IP tunnel creation function. That is, the access network detection function determines whether the
mobile user equipment 10 accesses a CMIP network or a PMIP network in order to enable interworking between the CMIP network and the PMIP network. Further, the dual IP tunnel creation function creates an IP tunnel to themobile user equipment 10 or to theGGSN 30. - The access network detection function detects an access network of the
mobile user equipment 10 through a source address recorded in a header of a message received in location registration of themobile user equipment 10, that is, when binding update is requested. The source address may be an address of the user mobile equipment when themobile user equipment 10 accesses the CMIP network (i.e., WiMAX network inFIG. 3 ). Further, the source address may be an address of theGGSN 30 when themobile equipment 10 accesses the PMIP network (i.e., WiMAX network inFIG. 3 ). - Further, the access network detection function uses a network identifier included in a MIP registration message received in location registration of the mobile user equipment10 (when binding update is requested) to determine whether the
mobile user equipment 10 access the CMIP network or the PMIP network. Here, the network identifier may be a mobility protocol identifier, and the network identifier may be included an option field of a MIP registration message. The network identifier may be one of a code informing that themobile user equipment 10 accesses the CMIP network or a code informing that themobile user equipment 10 accesses the PMIP network. - The dual IP tunnel creation function may create an IP tunnel differently according to a network that the
mobile user equipment 10 accesses. That is, the HA40 performs the dual IP tunnel creation function to create an IP tunnel to themobile user equipment 10 when themobile user equipment 10 accesses the CMIP network and to create an IP tunnel to theGGSN 30 when themobile user equipment 10 accesses the PMIP network. - Hereinafter, the IP tunnel from the HA40 to the
mobile user equipment 10 is referred as a CMIP tunnel, and the IP tunnel from the HA40 to theGGSN 30 is referred as a PMIP tunnel. - The
mobile user equipment 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes constituent elements to seamlessly access a PMIP network or a CMIP network and being provided with mobility according to CMIP or PMIP. Such a MIP client device of themobile user equipment 10 is shown inFIG. 4 . FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a MIP client device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.- As shown in
FIG. 4 , the MIP client device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes aMIP sensor 11, anaccess controller 12, aUMTS MODEM 13, aWiMAX MODEM 14, and aMIP operation unit 15. - The
MIP sensor 11 senses a CMIP network or a PMIP network that themobile user equipment 10 currently tries to access (initial access or handover access). TheHIP sensor 11 receives a signal transmitted from a base station (or Node-B (NB)) of an access network through a corresponding MODEM and analyzes the received signal to determine one of the CMIP network and the PMIP network. Here, the signal may be an advertisement message or a pilot signal. Alternately, theMIP sensor 11 receives a network identifier transmitted from one of a CMIP network and a PMIP network through a corresponding MODEM and analyzes the received network identifier to sense one of the CMIP network and the PMIP network. Further, theMIP sensor 11 determines one of the CMIP network and the PMIP network according to a CMIP access instruction or a PMIP access instruction input from a user. - The
access controller 12 controls at least one of theWiMAX MODEM 14 and theUMTS MODEM 13 according to the sensing result of theMIP sensor 11. Further, theaccess controller 12 controls theMIP operation unit 15. Theaccess controller 12 controls theWiMAX MODEM 14 and theMIP operation unit 15 to interwork each other when themobile user equipment 10 accesses the CMIP network. Hereinafter, such interworking theMIP operation unit 15 with theUMTS MODEM 13 or theWiMAX MODEM 14 is referred as activation. - Meanwhile, the
access controller 12 may activate all of theUMTS MODEM 13, theWiMAX MODEM 14, and theMIP operation unit 15. In this case, theaccess controller 12 temporally activates one of theUMTS MODEM 13 and theWiMAX MODEM 14 and puts it into an idle mode. - The
UMTS MODEM 13 is in charge of wireless accessing with a base station of a PMIP network, and theWiMAX MODEM 14 is in charge of wireless accessing with a base station of a CMIP network. - The
MIP operation unit 15 performs a MIP client function to provide IP mobility of the mobile user equipment according to CMIP and is mounted at an IF spec of themobile user equipment 10. FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating an initial access procedure for accessing a UMTS network.- 3GPP specification defines an initial access procedure for accessing a UMTS network at mobile user equipment. Additional signaling procedure for driving Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) is a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message and a Proxy ReQuest (PRRP) message exchanged between the PMA function of GGSN and the HA.
- When the HA receives a PRRQ message from the GGSN, the HA allocates a Home IP address (HoA) for mobile user equipment and transfers a PRRP message with a corresponding IP address to the GGSN. The GGSN notifies the allocated IP address to the mobile user equipment using a PDP context message.
- After allocating the IP address to the mobile user equipment, the mobile user equipment performs registration at a MIH Information Server (MIIS) and downloads handover related policy and network configuration information from the MIIS.
- Hereinafter, such an initial access procedure for accessing the UMTS network will be described in detail.
- At step S501, the UMTS MODEM of the mobile user equipment performs a wireless access and authentication procedure for accessing the UMTS network. That is, the UMTS MODEM of the mobile user equipment performs the wireless access and authentication procedure with a GGSN using a L2 Connection Establish and Authentication message at step S501.
- At steps S502 to S504, the UMTS MODEM of the mobile user equipment performs a path establishment request procedure for the data service of the UMTS network. That is, the UMTS MODEM of the mobile user equipment requests ‘Packet Data Protocol Context’ activation to a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) using an ‘Activate Packet Data Protocol (PDP) Context Request’ message at step S502. At step S503, the SGSN requests the GGSN to create ‘Packet Data Protocol Context’ using a ‘Create PDP Context Request’ message. At step S504, the GGSN requests access permission to an AAA server and receives authentication from the AAA server.
- At steps S505 and S506, the GGSN performs a PMIP registration procedure. That is, the GGSN requests registration to the Home Agent using a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message. At step S506, the Home Agent secures and allocates an home IP address for the mobile user equipment and transfers the corresponding IP address to the GGSN by loading the corresponding IP address in the Proxy Registration RePly (PRRP) message. Particularly, the PMIP client device mounted at the GGSN performs the PMIP registration procedure to the Home Agent.
- At step S507, the GGSN transfers an IP address to be allocated to the mobile user equipment to the SGSN using a ‘Create PDP Context Request’ message. At step S508, the SGSN allocates the IP address to the mobile user equipment using an ‘Activate PDP Context Accept’ message.
- After allocating the IP address to the mobile user equipment, the mobile user equipment transmits to a MIIS a MIH_Register-REQ message. Then, the MIIS performs a registration procedure for corresponding mobile user equipment and transmits a MIH_Register-RSP message to the mobile user equipment at step S509. The mobile user equipment downloads information about the policy of the heterogeneous protocol handover and network configuration, which are required to make decision for handover.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for performing handover in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. For example, the flowchart ofFIG. 6 shows a handover signaling procedure from a UMTS network to a WiMAX network (a cancelation after connection scenario).- Mobile user equipment accesses a UMTS network and transmits and receives traffic through a GGSN.
- If the mobile user equipment senses a WiMAX base station and if an intensity of a signal received from the WiMAX base station is sufficiently enough to provide a WiMAX service, a handover process may be performed from the UMTS network to a WiMAX network.
- If it is decided to perform a handover process, the mobile user equipment transmits a Handover Commit message to the GGSN. When the mobile user equipment receives a Handover Commit response message from the GGSN, the mobile user equipment starts accessing the WiMAX network.
- Until the mobile user equipment completely accesses the WiMAX network, the mobile user equipment transmits and receives user traffics through the UMT network. After the mobile user equipment completely accesses the WiMAX network, the mobile user equipment transmits a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message to the home agent (HA). Here, if a S bit is setup at a RRQ message header, the HA allows both of the UMTS network and the WiMAX network simultaneous binding. After simultaneously binding the UMTS network and the WiMAX network, the HA may transmit user traffic through the UMTS network and the WiMAX network at the same time.
- The mobile user equipment receives a Registration RePly (RRP) message, the mobile user equipment exchanges a Handover Complete message with the MIIS and severs the UMTS network access.
- When the GGSN senses the access cancelation, the GGSN transmits to the HA a PRRQ message having lift time setup with 0. The HA receives the PRRQ message from the GGSN and severs a PMIP tunnel between the HA and the GGSN.
- Hereinafter, a handover processing method in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail.
- At steps S601 to S604, the mobile user equipment performs a procedure for informing the MIIS of handover. If the MIIS has a function detecting a state of a target network to handover, the MIIS may advice the mobile user equipment through a response message transmitted to the mobile user equipment. For example, the MIIS may determine whether the target network to handover has sufficient wireless resources or not and may advise the mobile user equipment whether it is proper to perform the handover process or not based on the determination result.
- That is, when the handover from the UMTS network to the WiMAX network starts at the step S601, the mobile user equipment transmits a MIH_MN_HO_Commit-REQ message to the GGSN at step S602. At step S603, the GGSN transmits to the MIIS a MIH_N2N_HO Commit-REQ message and receives a MIH_N2N_HO Commit-RSP message as a response thereof at step S603. At step S604, the GGSN transmits the MIH_MN_HO_Commit-RSP message to the mobile user equipment.
- Then, the mobile user equipment performs a wireless access and authentication procedure for accessing the WiMAX network at steps S605 to S610.
- At step S605, the mobile user equipment controls timing of a wireless signal according to a distance between a base station and a mobile user equipment and selects a frequency channel to be used using a procedure of transferring a RNG-REQ message to a base station of the WiMAX network and receiving a RNG-RSP message as a response thereof from the base station of the WiMAX network.
- At step S606, the mobile user equipment negotiates a providing function with the base station using a procedure of transferring a SS Basic Capability request (SBC-REQ) message to the base station of WiMAX network and receiving a SBC response (SBC-RSP) message from the base station of WiMAX network as a response thereof.
- At step S607, the mobile user equipment requests authentication using a Primary Key Management (PKM) request (PKM-REQ) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network. Then, an authentication procedure is performed through an EPA request (EPA-REQ) message between the base station of WiMAX network and an ASN-GW of the WiMAX network and an Access Request/Accept message between the ASN-GW of the WiMAX network and the AAA server. Then, the authentication result is transferred through a PKM response (PKM-RSP) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of the WiMAX network.
- At step S608, negotiation with a network for Internet service is requested using a Registration Request (REG-REQ) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network. The negotiation procedure is performed for the Internet service through a Registration Request (REG-REQ) message and a Registration Response (REG-RSP) message between the base station of WiMAX network and the ASN-GW of WiMAX network. The negotiation result is transferred using a REG response (REG-RSP) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network.
- The mobile user equipment performs a service flow generation procedure for Internet service using a Dynamic Service Addition REQuest (DSA-REQ) message, a DSA response (DSA-RSP) message, and a DSA acknowledgement (DSA-ASK) between the base station of WiMAX network and the mobile user equipment at step S609.
- At step S610, the mobile user equipment performs a CCoA allocation procedure to allocate an IP address through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). That is, the mobile user equipment requests IP allocation by transferring a DHCP Discover message to an ASN-GW of WiMAX network through the base station of WiMAX network. The ASN-GW receives the DHCP Discover message and receives an IP address to be allocated to the mobile user equipment from the home agent. Then, the ASN-GW of WiMAX network informs that the corresponding IP address is available by transferring the IP address transferred from the home agent to the mobile user equipment through a DHCP Offer message. The mobile user equipment informs an intention of using the IP address by transferring a DHCP Request message to the ASN-GW of WIMAX network. Then, the ASN-GW of WIMAX network finally allows the mobile user equipment to use the corresponding IP address by transferring a DHCP ACK message to the mobile user equipment.
- After finishing the WiMAX network access procedure, the mobile user equipment performing CMIP registration to the HA by transferring a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message to the HA at step S611. The HA allows simultaneous binding to both of the UMTS network and the WiMAX network if a S bit of the RRQ message header is setup as 1. After establishing the simultaneous binding, the HA can transmit user traffic to both of the UMTS network and the WiMAX network at the same time. That is, a CMIP tunnel is established to the mobile user equipment while maintaining an existing PMIP tunnel according to the simultaneous binding. Accordingly, user traffic can be transmitted to the UMTS network and the WiMAX network at the same time. Here, the CMIP client included in the mobile user equipment substantially performs a CMIP registration procedure with the Home Agent.
- After the mobile user equipment receives the RRP message from the HA at step S612, the mobile user equipment performs a procedure of informing the MIIS of handover completion at steps S613 to S615. The MIIS notices the handover completion to the GGSN of the UMTS network which is a previous access network.
- When the mobile user equipment transmits a MIH_MN_HO complete request (MIH_MN_HO_Complete-REQ) message to the MIIS at step S613, the MIIS transmits the MIH_N2N_HO Complete-REQ message and receives a MIH_N2N_HO complete response (MIH_N2N_HO_Complete-RSP) message as a response thereof at step S614. Then, a MIH_MN_HO_Complete-RSP message is transmitted to the mobile user equipment at step S615.
- When the mobile user equipment requests canceling a UMTS link to the GGSN at step S616, the GGSN performs a PMIP registration canceling procedure at steps S617 and S618. That is, the GGSN requests cancelling registration by setting up a life time of a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message to ‘0’ at step S617. At step S618, the home agent transmits a Proxy Registration RePly (PRRP) message to the GGSN to sever a PMIP tunnel between the Home Agent and the GGSN. Particularly, a PMIP client included in the GGSN performs the PMIP registration cancelation procedure with the home agent.
- When the PMIP tunnel between the home agent and the GGSN is canceled as described above, only the CMIP tunnel between the Home Agent and the mobile user equipment is maintained. Accordingly, user traffic is continuously transmitted or received through the corresponding CMIP tunnel.
- Hereinafter, a handover procedure in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network after the initial access procedure for accessing the UMTS network will be described.
- The
MIP sensor 11 of themobile user equipment 10 monitors a network to access when power is turned on, when a user request Internet service, or when a user gives instruction of accessing a predetermined network. In the network monitoring procedure, it is assumed that theIMP sensor 11 senses accessing the PMIP network. - The
access controller 12 activates theUMTS MODEM 13. Accordingly, theUMTS MODEM 13 performs an accessing try procedure for resource negotiation between a base station and aGGSN 30 for accessing the UMTS network and for exchanging information between themobile user equipment 10 and a base station. - Then, the
GGSN 30 performs authentication of themobile user equipment 10 through an AAA server located at the UMTS network. The AAA server of the PMIP network shares authentication of themobile user equipment 10 with an AAA server of the CMIP network for interworking with the CMIP network. - Then, the mobile user equipment accesses the
GGSN 30 by theUMTS MODEM 13, and theGGSN 30 receives a HoA from the HA40. TheGGSN 30 provides the received HoA to themobile user equipment 10 and requests binding update (location registration) of themobile user equipment 10 to the HA40 using own address as a CCoA address. When requesting the binding update, a network identifier is transmitted to inform accessing the PMIP network. The HA40 detects that an access network currently accessed by themobile user equipment 10 is the PMIP network based on the network identifier. - The HA40 performs binding update, transmits the binding update result to the
GGSN 30, and generates a PMIP tunnel between the HA40 and theGGSN 30. - The
mobile user equipment 10 transmits and receives data to/from thecorrespondent node 50 through the PMIP tunnel. - When a user instructs accessing a CMIP network or when the
mobile user equipment 10 enters the CMIP network from the PMIP network while themobile user equipment 10 is transmitting and receiving data to/from thecorrespondent node 50, theMIP sensor 11 of themobile user equipment 10 generates a handover event. Then, theaccess controller 12 interrupts the operation of theUMTS MODEM 13 and activates theWiMAX MODEM 14 to instruct accessing the CHIP network. - The
WiMAX MODEM 14 accesses the ASN-GS 20 through resource negotiation with a base station of the CMIP network and exchanging information. TheMIP driver 15 is allocated with an IP address such as CCoA through a DHCP procedure using a FA function of the ASN-GW. Themobile user equipment 10 continuously uses the HoA previously allocated from the PMIP network as a home address. - The
MIP driver 15 requests binding update such as location registration to the HA40 using the CCoA. When requesting the binding update, a network identifier is transmitted together to inform accessing the CMIP network. The HA40 detects a network currently accessed by themobile user equipment 10 is a CMIP network. - The HA40 performs binding update, transmits the binding update result to the
mobile user equipment 10, and creates a CMIP tunnel to themobile user equipment 10. - The
mobile user equipment 10 transmits and receives data to/from thecorrespondent node 50 through the CMIP tunnel. Here, the data transmission and reception between themobile user equipment 10 and thecorrespondent node 50 is performed through the PMIP tunnel before the CMIP tunnel is created. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an initial access procedure for accessing a WiMAX network.- The initial access procedure for accessing a WiMAX network at mobile user equipment is defined in IEEE 802.16e specification.
- An additional signaling procedure for driving CMIP is a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message and a Registration RePly (RRP) message exchanged between mobile user equipment and a Home Agent.
- The ASN-GW secures an IP address to be used as a Care-of-Address (CoA) for the mobile user equipment and allocates the secured IP address to the mobile user equipment. Then, the mobile user equipment transmits the RRQ message to the HA. The HA receives the RRQ message, secures a Home IP Address (HoA), and informs the mobile user equipment of the corresponding HoA by transmitting a Registration RePly (RRP) message to the mobile user equipment.
- After the HoA is allocated to the mobile user equipment, the mobile user equipment performs registration at a MIH Information Server (MIIS) and downloads from the MIIS heterogeneous handover related policy and network configuration information, which are required to decide handover.
- Hereinafter, the initial access procedure for accessing a WiMAX network will be described in detail.
- At steps S701 to S706, the mobile user equipment performs a wireless access and authentication procedure for accessing a WiMAX network.
- At step S701, the mobile user equipment transfers a RNG request (RNG-REQ) message to a base station of WiMAX network and receives a RNG response (RNG-RSP) message as a response thereof from the base station of WiMAX network, thereby controlling timing of a wireless signal according to a distance between the base station and the mobile user equipment and selecting a useable frequency channel.
- At step S702, the mobile user equipment negotiates with the base station to provide related functions using a procedure of transferring a SS Basic Capability request (SBC-REQ) message to the base station of WiMAX network and receiving a SBC response (SBC-RSP) message from the base station of WiMAX network.
- At step S703, when authentication is requested using a Primary Key Management request (PKM-REQ) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network, an authentication procedure is performed using an EPA request (EPA-REQ) message and an EPA response (EPA-RSP) message between the base station of WiMAX network and the ASN-GW of WIMAX network, and an access request/accept message between the ASN-GW of WIMAX network and an AAA server. The authentication result is transferred through a PKM response (PKM-RSP) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network.
- At step S704, when requesting negotiation for Internet service using a registration request (REG-REQ) message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network, the negotiation procedure for Internet service is performed using a REG-REQ message and a REG-RSP message between the base station of WiMAX network and the ASN-GW of WIMAX network. Then, the negotiation result is transferred through a REG-RSP message between the mobile user equipment and the base station of WiMAX network.
- At step S705, the mobile user equipment performs a service flow generation procedure for Internet service using a Dynamic Service Addition REQuest (DSA-REQ) message, a DSA RESponse (DSA-RSP) message, and a DSA Acknowledgment (DSA-ACK) message between the base station of WiMAX network and the mobile user equipment.
- At step S706, the mobile user equipment performs a CCoA allocation procedure for allocation an IP address through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). That is, the mobile user equipment requests IP allocation by transferring a DHCP Discover message to the ASN-GW of WIMAX network through the base station of WiMAX network. The ASN-GW of WIMAX network receiving the DHCP Discover message is provided with the IP address allocated to the mobile user equipment from the Home Agent. Then, the ASN-GW of WIMAX network transfers the provided IP address from the home agent to the mobile user equipment through a DHCP Offer message, thereby informing that the corresponding IP address is a usable IP address. After that, the mobile user equipment transfers a DHCP Request message to the ASN-GW of WIMAX network, thereby notifying an intention of using the corresponding IP address. Then, the ASN-GW of WIMAX network finally allows the mobile user equipment to use the corresponding IP address by transferring a DHCP ACK message to the mobile user equipment.
- After completely accessing the WiMAX network as described above, the mobile user equipment transfers a Registration REQuest (RRQ) message at step S707 and receives a Registration RePly (RRP) message from the HA at step S708 to perform a CMIP registration procedure. Particularly, a CMIP client included in the mobile user equipment performs the CMIP registration procedure with the home agent.
- When the mobile user equipment transmits a MIH registration REQuest (MIH_Register-REQ) message to the MIIS, the MIIS performs the registration procedure for the corresponding mobile user equipment and transmits a MIH registration response (MIH_Register-RSP) message to the mobile user equipment at step S709. The mobile user equipment downloads information on heterogeneous handover related policy and network configuration from the MIIS.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the flowchart ofFIG. 8 is a handover signaling procedure from a WiMAX network to a UMTS network.- After the mobile user equipment accesses the WiMAX network, the mobile user equipment transmits and receives user traffic through the WiMAX network.
- If the intensity of a signal received from a base station of the WiMAX network becomes weak, handover may be performed from the WiMAX network to the UMTS network.
- After deciding to perform the handover process, the mobile user equipment transmits a Handover Commit message to the MIIS. The MIIS transmits the Handover Commit message to a target GGSN of the UMTS network. The GGSN receives the Handover Commit message and performs a PMIP registration procedure. If a S bit of a PRRQ message header is setup as “1”, the HA allows simultaneous biding.
- When the mobile user equipment receives a Handover Commit response message, the mobile user equipment starts accessing the UMTS network. Before the mobile user equipment completely accesses the UMTS network, the mobile user equipment uses the WiMAX network to transmit and receive user traffic.
- After the mobile user equipment completely accesses the UMTS network, the mobile user equipment exchanges a Handover Complete message with the GGSN and transmits a RRQ message to the HA by setting up a lift time of the RRQ message as “0”. The HA receives the RRQ message and severs a CMIP tunnel between the mobile user equipment and the HA.
- Hereinafter, a handover processing method in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- At steps S801 to S804, the mobile user equipment performs a procedure for informing the MIIS that the mobile user equipment will perform a handover process. The MIIS informs the GGSN that the mobile user equipment will perform a handover process, thereby invoking the GGSN to perform a PMIP registration procedure at steps S805 and S806.
- At step S801, a handover process from a WiMAX network to a UMTS network begins. At step S802, the mobile user equipment transmits a MIH_MN_HO commit request (MIH_MN_HO Commit-REQ) message to the MIIS. At step S802, the MIIS transmits a MIH_N2N_HO commit request (MIH_N2N_HO Commit-REQ) message to the GGSN and receives a MIH_N2N_HO commit response (MIH_N2N_HO_Commit-RSP) message as a response thereof. At step S804, the MIIS transmits a MIH_MN_HO commit response (MIH_MN_HO_Commit-RSP) message to the mobile user equipment.
- The GGSN transmits a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message to the HA at step S805 and receives a Registration RePly (RRP) message as a response thereof from the HA at step S806, thereby performing a PMIP registration procedure. Here, if a S bit of a RRQ message header is setup as “1”, the HA allows simultaneous binding to the WiMAX network and the UMTS network. After establishing simultaneous binding, the HA can transmit user traffic to the WiMAX network and the UMTS network at the same time. That is, a PMIP tunnel is established to the GGSN while maintaining an existing CMIP tunnel according to the simultaneous binding. Accordingly, user traffic can be transmitted to the WiMAX network and the UMTS network at the same time.
- At step S807, the mobile user equipment performs a wireless access and authentication procedure for accessing a UMTS network. That is, the mobile user equipment uses a L2 Connection Establish and Authentication message to perform a wireless access and authentication procedure with the GGSN at the step S807.
- At steps S808 to S810, the mobile user equipment performs a path establishing request procedure for UMTS network data service. That is, the mobile user equipment requests the SGSN to activate ‘Packet data Protocol Context’ using an ‘Activate PDP Context Request’ message at step S808. At step S809, the SGSN requests the GGSN to create ‘Packet Data Protocol Context’ using a ‘Create PDP Context Request’ message. At step S810, the GGSN requests the AAA server to authenticate corresponding accessing and receives the authentication result from the AAA server.
- At step S811, the GGSN transfers an IP address to be allocated to the mobile user equipment to the SGSN using a Create PDP Context Req message. At step S812, the SGSN allocates the IP address to the mobile user equipment using an Activate PDP Context Accept message.
- At steps S813 to S815, the mobile user equipment performs a procedure for informing the MIIS of handover completion as follows.
- At step S813, the mobile user equipment transmits a MIH_MN_HO complete request (MIH_MN_HO_Complete-REQ) message to the GGSN. At step S814, the GGSN transmits the MIH_N2N_HO complete request (MIH_N2N_HO_Complete-REQ) message to the MIIS and receives a MIH_N2N_HO complete response (MIH_N2N_HO_Complete-RSP) message as a response thereof. At step S815, the GGSN transmits a MIH_MN_HO complete response (MIH_MN_HO_Complete-RSP) message to the mobile user equipment.
- At step S816, the mobile user equipment requests the home agent to sever registration by setting up a lift time of the Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message as ‘0’. At step S817, the Home Agent transmits a Registration RePly (RRP) message to the mobile user equipment, thereby canceling a CMIP tunnel between the Home Agent and the mobile user equipment. Then, the mobile user equipment requests the base station of WiMAX network to cancel a WiMAX link at step S818.
- After disconnecting the CMIP tunnel between the Home Agent and the mobile user equipment, only the PMIP tunnel between the Home Agent and the GGSN is continuously maintained. Accordingly, user traffic is transmitted or received through the corresponding PMIP tunnel.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.- The handover processing method according to the third embodiment of the present invention is performed when
mobile user equipment 10 enters a PMIP network again before themobile user equipment 10 completely performs a handover process from a PMIP network to a CMIP network. Such a case may happen when themobile user equipment 10 moves at a fast speed through a locally formed CMIP network or when a user instructs accessing the PMIP network. - At step S901, a
MIP sensor 11 of themobile user equipment 10 senses a network to access when power is turned on, when a user request an Internet service, or when a user instructs accessing a predetermined network. It is assumed that theMIP sensor 11 senses the PMIP network to access during such a network sensing procedure. - The
access controller 12 activates theUMTS MODEM 13 at step S902. Accordingly, theUMTS MODEM 13 performs a resource negotiation procedure between a base station and aGGSN 30 for accessing the PMIP network and an access trying procedure for exchanging information between themobile user equipment 10 and the base station at step S903. - Then, the
GGSN 30 performs authentication of themobile user equipment 10 through a second AAA server located at the PMIP network. The second AAA server of the PMIP network shares the authentication of themobile user equipment 10 with a first AAA server of the CMIP network for interworking with the CMIP network. - At step S904, the
UMTS MODEM 13 establishes connection to theGGSN 30, and theGGSN 30 is provided with a HoA from the HA40, provides the HoA to themobile user equipment 10, and requests the HA40 binding update for themobile user equipment 10 using own address as a temporal address (CCoA). When requesting the binding update, a network identifier informing accessing the PMIP network is transmitted together. The HA40 detects that a network currently accessed by the mobile use equipment is the PMIP network based on the network identifier. - At step S905, the HA40 performs binding update, transmits the binding update result to the
GGSN 30, and creates a PMIP tunnel between the HA40 and theGGSN 30. - At step S906, the
mobile user equipment 10 uses the PMIP tunnel to exchange data with acorrespondent node 50. - At step S907, the
MIP sensor 11 of themobile user equipment 10 creates a handover event while themobile user equipment 10 is transmitting and receiving data to/from thecorrespondent node 50 if a user instructs accessing the CMIP network or if themobile user equipment 10 gets out of the PMIP network and enters the CMIP network. - At step S908, the
access controller 12 interrupts the operation of theUMTS MODEM 13 and activates theWiMAX MODEM 14 to access the WiMAX network. Accordingly, theWiMAX MODEM 14 accesses the ASN-GW 20 through resource negotiation and information exchange with the base station of the CMIP network. At step S909, theMIP driver 15 receives an IP address (CCoA) using a FA function of the ASN-GW or through a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCA) procedure. Themobile user equipment 10 uses a HoA previously allocated from the PMIP network as a home address. - At step S910, the
MIP driver 15 transmits a binding update (BU) message for requesting binding update to the HA40 using CCoA. - If the
HIP sensor 11 senses the handover process to the PMIP network before themobile user equipment 10 receives a RRP message as a response message of a BU message after transmitting the BU message at step S911, theaccess controller 12 determine cancelation of the handover process to the CMIP network at step S912. At step S913, theaccess controller 12 interrupts the operation of theWiMAX MODEM 14 and activates theUMTS MODEM 13. - The
mobile user equipment 10 uses the previous PMIP tunnel created before the CMIP tunnel is created according to the generation of the handover event from the PMIP network to the CMIP network. Since the handover cancelation procedure (S912) is performed prior to the generation of the CMIP tunnel, the PMIP tunnel can be maintained as it is. Therefore, themobile user equipment 10 can continuously transmit and receive data to/from thecorrespondent node 50 through the PMIP network only by activating the UMTS MODEM413. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for processing handover in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Here, the heterogeneous protocol mixed network is a network including a CMIP network and a PMIP network.- At step S1001, a
MIP sensor 11 ofmobile user equipment 10 senses a network to access when power is turned or, when a user request an Internet service, or when a user instructs accessing a predetermined network. In the step S1001, it is assumed that theMIP sensor 11 senses the CMIP network to access. - The
access controller 12 activates theWiMAX MODEM 14 at step S1002. - Accordingly, the
WiMAX MODEM 14 performs an access try procedure for negotiating a base station for resources to access the CMIP network at step S1003. - At step S1004, the ASN-
GW 20 authenticates themobile user equipment 10 through a first AAA server located at the CMIP network. At step S1005, the first AAA server shares the authentication result with a second AAA server located at the PMIP network for interworking with the PMIP network. - After authentication, the
WiMAX MODEM 14 establishes connection to the ASN-GW 20. When the ASN-GW 20 includes a FA function, the ASN-GW 20 creates a CCoA and allocates the CCoA to themobile user equipment 10. When the ASN-GW 20 does not include the FA function, themobile user equipment 10 is allocated with a dynamic IP address through a DHCP procedure and uses the allocated IP address as a CCoA at step S1006. In this case, themobile user equipment 10 uses a fixed IP as a HoA if themobile user equipment 10 is allocated with a HoA from the HA40 or is in an IPv6 environment. - At step S1007, the
mobile user equipment 10 requests registration to the HA40 by theMIP driver 15 using a BU message and is allocated a Home IP address. The BU message includes a network identifier informing accessing the CMIP network. The HA40 uses the network identifier to detect that a network currently accessed by themobile user equipment 10 is the CMIP network at step S1008. - At step S1009, a CMIP tunnel is created between the
mobile user equipment 10 and the HA40. - At step S1010, data is transmitted and received between the
mobile user equipment 10 and thecorrespondent node 50 through the created CMIP tunnel. - As described above, the
mobile user equipment 10 perform a procedure for accessing a PMIP network and creating a PMIP tunnel in order to prepare a handover to a PMIP network in advance while themobile user equipment 10 is transmitting and receiving data by accessing the CMIP network at steps S1003 to S1010. - At step S1011, the
access controller 12 of themobile user equipment 10 activates theUMTS MODEM 13 and accesses theGGSN 30 of the PMIP network. Here, themobile user equipment 10 informs theGGSN 30 of temporal access. - At step S1012, the
access controller 12 of themobile user equipment 10 changes the state of theUMTS MODEM 13 to an idle state so theUMTS MODEM 13 is in an un-used state although it is activated. - The
GGSN 30 requests the HA40 to perform binding update for themobile user equipment 10 using own address as a CCoA according to the temporal access of themobile user equipment 10 and transmits a temporal access identifier to inform the temporal access at step S1013. Alternately, themobile user equipment 10 may provide a temporal access informing message to the HA40 through the CMIP network in order to inform the HA40 of the temporal access. - Meanwhile, since the
mobile user equipment 10 already has a HoA, theGGSN 30 can omit performing a process of receiving the HoA from the HA40. - At step S1014, the HA40 determines based on the temporal access identifier that the
mobile user equipment 10 tries to access the PMIP network in advance, not try to handover to the PMIP network. - Accordingly, the HA40 performs binding update for the location of the
mobile user equipment 10 with a CCoA transferred when requesting binding update and creates a PMIP tunnel to theGGSN 30 at step S1015. Then, the created PMIP tunnel is managed as an idle state at step S1016. Here, the idle state means a state that maintains the created PMIP tunnel without using. - Accordingly, the
mobile user equipment 10 can immediately handover to the PMIP network by managing the PMIP tunnel in the idle state after the HA40 generates the PMIP tunnel when the HA40 generates the CMIP tunnel while themobile user equipment 10 is transmitting and receiving data with acorrespondent node 50 through the CMIP network. - Accordingly, when a handover event from the CMIP network to the PMIP network is generated at step S1017, the
mobile user equipment 10 can omit a procedure of accessing the PMIP network by changing theUMTS MODEM 13 from the IDLE mode to the activation mode at step S1018. - When the
MIP driver 15 of themobile user equipment 10 transmits the IMP registration cancel message to the HA40 to sever the existing CHIP tunnel, the HA40 activates the PMIP tunnel, which is in an idle state, and severs the CMIP tunnel at step S1019. - Accordingly, the
mobile user equipment 10 can transmit and receive data with thecorrespondent node 50 through the PMIP tunnel after the handover process is completed at step S1020. - In an embodiment of the present invention shown in
FIG. 10 , themobile user equipment 10 accesses the PMIP network in advance to prepare the handover process while receiving a data service by accessing the CHIP network. However, themobile user equipment 10 may access the CMIP network to prepare the handover process while receiving a data service by accessing the PMIP network. - The above-described methods can also be embodied as computer programs. Codes and code segments constituting the programs may be easily construed by computer programmers skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Furthermore, the created programs may be stored in computer-readable recording media or data storage media and may be read out and executed by the computers. Examples of the computer-readable recording media include any computer-readable recoding media, e.g., intangible media such as carrier waves, as well as tangible media such as CD or DVD.
- While the present invention has been described with respect to the specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
- The present invention may be used in a wireless communication network including heterogeneous protocols such as a Client Mobile IP (CMIP) and a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP).
Claims (14)
1. A method for processing handover at a home agent in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network, comprising:
creating a Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol (PMIP) tunnel to an access gateway of a PMIP network when user equipment accesses a PMIP network;
creating a Client Mobile Internet Protocol (CMIP) tunnel to the user equipment when the user equipment decides to handover to the CMIP network; and
severing the PMIP tunnel when the user equipment completes performing the handover.
2. The method ofclaim 1 , wherein said creating the CMIP tunnel includes:
allowing simultaneous binding to the PMIP network and the CMIP network by receiving a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message from the user equipment when the user equipment accesses the CMIP network; and
transferring a Registration RePly (RRP) message to the user equipment.
3. The method ofclaim 1 , wherein said creating the PMIP tunnel includes:
receiving a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message from the access gateway of the PMIP network when the user equipment accesses the PMIP network; and
allocating a home IP address for the user equipment and transferring a Proxy Registration RePly (PRRP) message including the home IP address to the access gateway of the PMIP network.
4. The method ofclaim 1 , wherein said severing the PMIP tunnel includes:
receiving a PRRQ message with a light time setup as “0” from the access gateway of the PMIP network when the user equipment completes performing handover; and
severing the PMIP tunnel.
5. A method for processing handover at a home agent in a heterogeneous protocol mixed network, comprising:
creating a Client Mobile Internet Protocol (CMIP) tunnel between user equipment and the home agent when the user equipment accesses a CMIP network;
creating a Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol (PMIP) tunnel between the home agent and an access gateway of a PMIP network when the user equipment decides to perform handover to the PMIP network; and
severing the CMIP tunnel when the user equipment completes performing handover.
6. The method ofclaim 5 , wherein said creating the PMIP tunnel includes:
receiving a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message from the access gateway of the PMIP network when the user equipment accesses the PMIP network;
allowing simultaneous binding (simultaneous registration) to the CMIP network and the PMIP network; and
transferring a Proxy Registration ReQuest (PRRQ) message to the access gateway of the PMIP network.
7. The method ofclaim 5 , wherein said creating the CMIP tunnel includes:
receiving a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message from the user equipment when the user equipment accesses the CMIP network; and
allocating a home IP address for the user equipment and transferring a Registration RePly (RRP) message including the home IP address to the user equipment.
8. The method ofclaim 5 , wherein said severing the CMIP tunnel includes:
receiving a RRQ message having a life time setup as “0” from the user equipment when the user equipment completes performing handover; and
severing the CMIP tunnel.
9. A method for processing handover at user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network, comprising:
being allocated with a home Internet Protocol (IP) address for the user equipment by accessing a Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) network; and
forming a Client Mobile IP (CMIP) tunnel to a home agent by accessing the CMIP network when the user equipment decides to perform handover to the CMIP network;
wherein the home agent severs a PMIP tunnel to an access gateway of the PMIP network when the home agent completes performing handover to the user equipment.
10. The method ofclaim 9 , wherein said forming a CMIP tunnel includes:
transmitting a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message to the home agent; and
receiving a Registration RePly (RRP) message from the home agent.
wherein the home agent allows simultaneous binding to the CMIP network and the PMIP network according to the RRQ message.
11. The method ofclaim 9 , wherein in said being allocated with a home IP address, the home IP address allocated by the home agent is transferred to an access gateway of the PMIP network.
12. A method for processing handover at user equipment in a heterogeneous mobility protocol mixed network, comprising:
forming a Client Mobile Internet Protocol (CMIP) tunnel to a home agent by accessing a CMIP network; and
accessing a Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol (PMIP) network when the user equipment decides to perform handover to a Proxy,
wherein the home agent severs the CMIP tunnel to the user equipment when the user equipment completes performing the handover.
13. The method ofclaim 12 , wherein said forming a CMIP tunnel includes:
transmitting a Registration ReQuest (RRQ) message to the home agent; and
receiving a Registration RePly (RRP) message from the home agent.
wherein the home agent allocates a home IP address for the user equipment according to the RRQ message.
14-18. (canceled)
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20100002225A (en) | 2010-01-06 |
| KR101028330B1 (en) | 2011-04-12 |
| US20120076111A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| US9078188B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
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